| 1. |
- Xie, Sisi, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary ketone body-escalated histone acetylation in megakaryocytes alleviates chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 14:673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a severe complication in patients with cancer that can lead to impaired therapeutic outcome and survival. Clinically, therapeutic options for CIT are limited by severe adverse effects and high economic burdens. Here, we demonstrate that ketogenic diets alleviate CIT in both animals and humans without causing thrombocytosis. Mechanistically, ketogenic diet-induced circulating beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) increased histone H3 acetylation in bone marrow megakaryocytes. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed a distinct role of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH)-mediated ketone body metabolism in promoting histone acetylation, which promoted the transcription of platelet biogenesis genes and induced thrombocytopoiesis. Genetic depletion of the megakaryocyte-specific ketone body transporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) or pharmacological targeting of MCT1 blocked beta-OHB-induced thrombocytopoiesis in mice. A ketogenesis-promoting diet alleviated CIT in mouse models. Moreover, a ketogenic diet modestly increased platelet counts without causing thrombocytosis in healthy volunteers, and a ketogenic lifestyle inversely correlated with CIT in patients with cancer. Together, we provide mechanistic insights into a ketone body-MCT1-BDH-histone acetylation-platelet biogenesis axis in megakaryocytes and propose a non-toxic, low-cost dietary intervention for combating CIT.
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| 2. |
- Abolfathi, Bela, et al.
(författare)
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The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 235:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014-2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V.
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| 3. |
- Blanton, Michael R., et al.
(författare)
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Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 154:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Guoping, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric Mercury Concentrations in Guangzhou City, Measured by Spectroscopic Techniques
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atmosphere. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4433. ; 13:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric levels of atomic mercury pollution were measured using spectroscopic techniques in the city of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Assessments were mainly performed at ground level using a portable (vehicle mounted or hand carried) Zeeman modulation correlation spectrometer (Lumex RA-915M), and the results are given in easily comprehensible diagrams. Measurements were made with continuous recording in car traverses along major roads which cross the city, but also at selected spots, such as at a university campus with laboratory buildings. Further, pollution levels at different locations were recorded when walking through a major and a small hospital. While concentrations in the city in the range 3–10 ng/m3 were typical, and strongly dependent on the traffic situation, very high concentrations (up to 1300 ng/m3) were found at certain indoor hospital locations, again drawing attention to the fact that high mercury levels due to inadequate handling routines can remain undetected but could readily be eliminated by adequate measurements and subsequent sanitation.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Haiyang, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous Nucleating Agent for High-Boiling-Point Nonhalogenated Solvent-Processed Organic Solar Cells and Modules
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-boiling-point nonhalogenated solvents are superior solvents to produce large-area organic solar cells (OSCs) in industry because of their wide processing window and low toxicity; while, these solvents with slow evaporation kinetics will lead excessive aggregation of state-of-the-art small molecule acceptors (e.g. L8-BO), delivering serious efficiency losses. Here, a heterogeneous nucleating agent strategy is developed by grafting oligo (ethylene glycol) side-chains on L8-BO (BTO-BO). The formation energy of the obtained BTO-BO; while, changing from liquid in a solvent to a crystalline phase, is lower than that of L8-BO irrespective of the solvent type. When BTO-BO is added as the third component into the active layer (e.g. PM6:L8-BO), it easily assembles to form numerous seed crystals, which serve as nucleation sites to trigger heterogeneous nucleation and increase nucleation density of L8-BO through strong hydrogen bonding interactions even in high-boiling-point nonhalogenated solvents. Therefore, it can effectively suppress excessive aggregation during growth, achieving ideal phase-separation active layer with small domain sizes and high crystallinity. The resultant toluene-processed OSCs exhibit a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.42% (certificated 19.12%) with excellent operational stability. The strategy also has superior advantages in large-scale devices, showing a 15.03-cm2 module with a record PCE of 16.35% (certificated 15.97%). The heterogeneous nucleating agent (BTO-BO) is developed to suppress the excessive aggregation of L8-BO in high-boiling-point nonhalogenated solvents processing, achieving the active layer with high crystallinity and nano-scaled phase separation morphology. The resultant OSCs achieve record power conversion efficiencies of 19.42% (0.062-cm2) and 16.35% (15. 03-cm2) with excellent operational stabilities. image
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| 6. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Planting Age Identification and Yield Prediction of Apple Orchard Using Time-Series Spectral Endmember and Logistic Growth Model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 15:3, s. 642-642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to significant shifts in dietary and lifestyle preferences, the global demand for fruits has increased dramatically, especially for apples, which are consumed worldwide. Growing apple orchards of more productive and higher quality with limited land resources is the way forward. Precise planting age identification and yield prediction are indispensable for the apple market in terms of sustainable supply, price regulation, and planting management. The planting age of apple trees significantly determines productivity, quality, and yield. Therefore, we integrated the time-series spectral endmember and logistic growth model (LGM) to accurately identify the planting age of apple orchard, and we conducted planting age-driven yield prediction using a neural network model. Firstly, we fitted the time-series spectral endmember of green photosynthetic vegetation (GV) with the LGM. By using the four-points method, the environmental carrying capacity (ECC) in the LGM was available, which serves as a crucial parameter to determine the planting age. Secondly, we combined annual planting age with historical apple yield to train the back propagation (BP) neural network model and obtained the predicted apple yields for 12 counties. The results show that the LGM method can accurately estimate the orchard planting age, with Mean Absolute Error (MAE) being 1.76 and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) being 2.24. The strong correlation between orchard planting age and apple yield was proved. The results of planting age-driven yield prediction have high accuracy, with the MAE up to 2.95% and the RMSE up to 3.71%. This study provides a novel method to accurately estimate apple orchard planting age and yields, which can support policy formulation and orchard planning in the future.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- He, Yunfei, et al.
(författare)
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Sulfated complex metal oxides solid acids with dual Brønsted-Lewis acidic property for production of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural from biomass-derived carbohydrates
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947. ; 429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transformation of aldose-based carbohydrates into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) is very challenging as compared to ketose-based carbohydrates, but the formers are more abundant and cheaper. Here, a series of sulfated complex metal oxides were synthesized for the conversion of aldose-based mono-, di-, and poly-saccharides, as well as starchy food waste into EMF. The catalysts were carefully characterized and the results showed that the type and strength of the acid sites were more important than their concentration. It was also shown that the efficiency of these catalysts was significantly affected by the metal species in the catalyst composition and followed the order tetra- > tri- > bi- > mono-component metal oxides based catalyst. Among the prepared catalysts, Zr-Sn-Fe-Al-O-S exhibited superior catalytic activity, with an EMF yield of 33.1% from glucose, and yields ranging from 4.1−26.3% for di-, poly-saccharides and starchy food waste in ethanol/dimethyl sulfoxide solvent system under glucose/catalyst mass ratio of 4. The role of co-solvent in the reaction pathway was also studied. It was found that the predominant reaction pathway for EMF production was closely related to the co-solvent amount. A kinetic model of glucose conversion to EMF was developed and the thermodynamic analysis was performed, the main features of the experimental observations can be described by the model. Zr-Sn-Fe-Al-O-S was reused for four runs without intermediate regeneration steps, showing a slight decay in activity. After reactivation by calcination before the fifth cycle, the catalyst recovered its activity, indicating good reusability and thermal stability.
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| 9. |
- Huang, Yuting, et al.
(författare)
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Host-Guest Strategy Enabling Nonhalogenated Solvent Processing for High-Performance All-Polymer Hosted Solar Cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chinese journal of chemistry. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1001-604X .- 1614-7065. ; 41:9, s. 1066-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), usually processed from low-boiling-point and toxic solvents, have reached high values of 18%. However, poor miscibility and uncontrollable crystallinity in polymer blends lead to a notable drop in the PCEs when using green solvents, limiting the practical development of all-PSCs. Herein, a third component (guest) BTO was employed to optimize the miscibility and enhance the crystallinity of PM6/PY2Se-F host film processed from green solvent toluene (TL), which can effectively suppress the excessive aggregation of PY2Se-F and facilitate a nano-scale interpenetrating network morphology for exciton dissociation and charge transport. As a result, TL-processed all-polymer hosted solar cells (all-PHSCs) exhibited an impressive PCE of 17.01%. Moreover, the strong molecular interaction between the host and guest molecules also enhances the thermal stability of the devices. Our host-guest strategy provides a unique approach to developing high-efficiency and stable all-PHSCs processed from green solvents, paving the way for the industrial development of all-PHSCs.
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| 10. |
- Jiang, Sheng, et al.
(författare)
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Constructing Chromium Multioxide Hole-Selective Heterojunction for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : Wiley. - 2198-3844. ; 9:30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from significant nonradiative recombination at perovskite/charge transport layer heterojunction, seriously limiting their power conversion efficiencies. Herein, solution-processed chromium multioxide (CrOx) is judiciously selected to construct a MAPbI(3)/CrOx/Spiro-OMeTAD hole-selective heterojunction. It is demonstrated that the inserted CrOx not only effectively reduces defect sites via redox shuttle at perovskite contact, but also decreases valence band maximum (VBM)-HOMO offset between perovskite and Spiro-OMeTAD. This will diminish thermionic losses for collecting holes and thus promote charge transport across the heterojunction, suppressing both defect-assisted recombination and interface carrier recombination. As a result, a remarkable improvement of 21.21% efficiency with excellent device stability is achieved compared to 18.46% of the control device, which is among the highest efficiencies for polycrystalline MAPbI(3) based n-i-p planar PSCs reported to date. These findings of this work provide new insights into novel charge-selective heterojunctions for further enhancing efficiency and stability of PSCs.
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| 11. |
- Liu, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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Wear Resistance Improvement of Keeled Structure and Overlapped Distribution of Snake Scales
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Bionic Engineering. - : Springer Nature. - 1672-6529 .- 2543-2141. ; 20:3, s. 1121-1131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The movement mode of snakes is crawling, and the living environment of snakes with numerous branches and stones will cause plenty of wear for the snake scales. There are plenty of surface structures and morphology on snake scales to avoid severe wear. Among them, the research towards the keeled structure on snake scales is missing. Therefore, in this research, the wear resistance improvement of the keeled structure on the snake scales and the overlapped distribution of snake scales are investigated. The keeled and smooth snake scales were 3D printed and they were distributed on the substrate in the overlapped or paralleled ways. Besides these four samples with keeled/smooth scales and overlapped/paralleled distributed, there is also a reference sample with the same thickness. Based on the tribology test, the number of grooves of samples with the keeled structures is higher than that of samples with smooth surfaces, which indicates that the keeled structure dramatically enhances the wear resistance of snake scales, especially during the wear in the vertical direction. The experiment on surface morphology greatly compromised the result of the tribology test. In addition, the bottom portion of the keeled snake scales can be protected by the keeled structure. Besides, the overlapped distribution can protect the central region of snake scales and provide double-layer protection of the snake body. Overall, the keeled structure and the overlapped distribution play a significant part in the improvement of wear resistance of the snake skin. These findings can enhance the knowledge of the reptiles-mimic surface structure and facilitate the application of military uniforms under high-wear conditions.
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| 12. |
- Shadbolt, Cade, et al.
(författare)
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The Surgeon's Role in the Opioid Crisis : A Narrative Review and Call to Action
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in surgery. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-875X. ; 7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past two decades, there has been a sharp rise in the use of prescription opioids. In several countries, most notably the United States, opioid-related harm has been deemed a public health crisis. As surgeons are among the most prolific prescribers of opioids, growing attention is now being paid to the role that opioids play in surgical care. While opioids may sometimes be necessary to provide patients with adequate relief from acute pain after major surgery, the impact of opioids on the quality and safety of surgical care calls for greater scrutiny. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on rates of persistent postsurgical opioid use and highlights the need to target known risk factors for persistent postoperative use before patients present for surgery. We draw attention to the mounting evidence that preoperative opioid exposure places patients at risk of persistent postoperative use, while also contributing to an increased risk of several other adverse clinical outcomes. By discussing the prevalence of excess opioid prescribing following surgery and highlighting significant variations in prescribing practices between countries, we note that there is a pressing need to optimize postoperative prescribing practices. Guided by the available evidence, we call for specific actions to be taken to address important research gaps and alleviate the harms associated with opioid use among surgical patients.
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| 13. |
- Sun, Yuting, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of flying insects in the spatial, spectral, and time domains with focus on mosquito imaging
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 21:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insects constitute a very important part of the global ecosystem and include pollinators, disease vectors, and agricultural pests, all with pivotal influence on society. Monitoring and control of such insects has high priority, and automatic systems are highly desirable. While capture and analysis by biologists constitute the gold standard in insect identification, optical and laser techniques have the potential for high-speed detection and automatic identification based on shape, spectroscopic properties such as reflectance and fluorescence, as well as wing-beat frequency analysis. The present paper discusses these approaches, and in particular presents a novel method for automatic identification of mosquitos based on image analysis, as the insects enter a trap based on a combination of chemical and suction attraction. Details of the analysis procedure are presented, and selectivity is discussed. An accuracy of 93% is achieved by our proposed method from a data set containing 122 insect images (mosquitoes and bees). As a powerful and cost-effective method, we finally propose the combination of imaging and wing-beat frequency analysis in an integrated instrument.
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| 14. |
- Zhang, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Compact Fluorosensor for Close-Range Remote-Sensing Characterization of Fruits
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Conference on Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, ICOMD 2021. - : SPIE. - 1996-756X .- 0277-786X. - 9781510652040 ; 12164
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ripeness of fruits is commonly assessed by the visual appearance, but this method is not very accurate and there can be a large variability. We have developed a hand-held sensor based on laser-induced fluorescence to provide more objective guidance. The instrument incorporates a 412 nm continuous wave semiconductor laser and a miniature spectrometer. It was used for monitoring of tropical fruits growing on the tree, and high-quality spectra could be recorded at ranges of 1-2 meters. The spectra feature characteristic dual-peaked emission peaks in the near-IR region due to chlorophyll, as well as blue-green signals due to further pigments. Further, natural waters were studied and showed strong differentiation effects.
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