| 1. |
- Allsopp, Benjamin, et al.
(författare)
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Towards improved cover glasses for photovoltaic devices
- 2020
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Ingår i: Progress in Photovoltaics. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 1062-7995 .- 1099-159X. ; 28, s. 1187-1206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the solar energy industry to increase its competitiveness, there is a global drive to lower the cost of solar-generated electricity. Photovoltaic (PV) module assembly is material-demanding, and the cover glass constitutes a significant proportion of the cost. Currently, 3-mm-thick glass is the predominant cover material for PV modules, accounting for 10%–25% of the total cost. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of cover glasses for PV modules and present our recent results for improvement of the glass. These improvements were demonstrated in terms of mechanical, chemical and optical properties by optimizing the glass composition, including addition of novel dopants, to produce cover glasses that can provide (i) enhanced UV protection of polymeric PV module components, potentially increasing module service lifetimes; (ii) re-emission of a proportion of the absorbed UV photon energy as visible photons capable of being absorbed by the solar cells, thereby increasing PV module efficiencies and (iii) successful laboratory-scale demonstration of proof of concept, with increases of 1%–6% in Isc and 1%–8% in Ipm. Improvements in both chemical and crack resistance of the cover glass were also achieved through modest chemical reformulation, highlighting what may be achievable within existing manufacturing technology constraints. © 2020 The Authors.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Baskici, C., et al.
(författare)
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“Being in the digital box”. Academic staff experiences in online practical teaching : A qualitative study from six universities and countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has caused radical changes in education, as in everything else, bringing many challenges. Despite all the difficulties, the COVID-19 pandemic has enormous opportunities for online teaching and the use of digital technologies. A comprehensive understanding of this period is needed to investigate these opportunities. Thus, this study aims to explore the academic staff's experiences of online teaching and the use of digital technologies in practical skills-based courses in health care education. This study was conducted at six universities from six countries (Türkiye, Sweden, Finland, Portugal, Latvia, Lithuania). Data were collected between June 17, 2021 and November 30, 2021 via a focus group with an in-depth interview technique. 22 focus group interviews were conducted with a total of 117 participants. Colaizzi's method was used to evaluate the data to discover, comprehend, and define the experiences of academic staff. The analysis of the interview data resulted in 6 themes, 25 subthemes and 56 categories that captured participants' experiences regarding online teaching of practical skills and using digital technologies in health care education. The findings of the study provide crucial information that will help online teaching and digital technology for practical skills be successfully integrated.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bjurhager, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrastructure and Mechanical Properties of Populus Wood with Reduced Lignin Content Caused by Transgenic Down-Regulation of Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase
- 2010
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 11:9, s. 2359-2365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several key enzymes in lignin biosynthesis of Populus have been down-regulated by transgenie approaches to investigate their role in wood lignification and to explore their potential for lignin modification. Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase is an enzyme in the early phenylpropanoid pathway that has not yet been functionally analyzed in Populus. This study shows that down-regulation of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase reduced Klason lignin content by 30% with no significant change in syringyl to guaiacyl ratio. The lignin reduction resulted in ultrastructural differences of the wood and a 10% decrease in wood density. Mechanical properties investigated by tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis showed a decrease in stiffness, which could be explained by the lower density. The study demonstrates that a large modification in lignin content only has minor influences on tensile properties of wood in its axial direction and highlights the usefulness of wood modified beyond its natural variation by transgene technology in exploring the impact of wood biopolymer composition and ultrastructure on its material properties.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Connolly-Andersen, Anne-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Thrombopoiesis and Platelet Activation in Hantavirus-Infected Patients
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 212:7, s. 1061-1069
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Thrombocytopenia is a common finding during viral hemorrhagic fever, which includes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The 2 main causes for thrombocytopenia are impaired thrombopoiesis and/or increased peripheral destruction of platelets. In addition, there is an increased intravascular coagulation risk during HFRS, which could be due to platelet activation. Methods. Thrombopoiesis was determined by quantification of platelet counts, thrombopoietin, immature platelet fraction, and mean platelet volume during HFRS. The in vivo platelet activation was determined by quantification of soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) and glycoprotein VI (sGPVI). The function of circulating platelets was determined by ex vivo stimulation followed by flow cytometry analysis of platelet surface-bound fibrinogen and P-selectin exposure. Intravascular coagulation during disease was determined by scoring for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and recording thromboembolic complications. Results. The levels of thrombopoietin, immature platelet fraction, and mean platelet volume all indicate increased thrombopoiesis during HFRS. Circulating platelets had reduced ex vivo function during disease compared to follow-up. Most interestingly, we observed significantly increased in vivo platelet activation in HFRS patients with intravascular coagulation (DIC and thromboembolic complications) as shown by sP-selectin and sGPVI levels. Conclusions. HFRS patients have increased thrombopoiesis and platelet activation, which contributes to intravascular coagulation.
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| 8. |
- Faulwetter, Jennifer L, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial processes influencing performance of treatment wetlands : A review
- 2009
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Ingår i: ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8574. ; 35:6, s. 987-1004
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review summarizes the microbial mechanisms responsible for removal of carbon, nitrogen. and sulfur compounds in treatment wetlands (TWs) and identifies, categorizes and compares various techniques, from plate count to more modern genomic methods used to elucidate these mechanisms. Removal of a particular pollutant is typically associated with a specific microbial functional group, therefore employment of design and operational methodologies that enhance the activity of that group will better optimize performance. Redox condition is a manipulable parameter that can be used to optimize growth of a targeted functional group, therefore factors influencing the TW redox condition and its influence on organic carbon removal mechanisms are emphasized. Environmental factors influencing growth and activity of N and S cycling microbes (including temperature, pH, salinity, plant species selection and availability of organic carbon and/or inhibiting substances) are discussed with particular attention to factors that might be manipulated. This information is used to offer design and operational methodologies that might enhance growth of a desirable microbial functional group and project what additional microbially-focused research is required to better optimize TW performance.
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| 9. |
- Goicolea, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Widening the scope of mental health with a 'youth centred' approach : a qualitative study involving health care professionals in Sweden’s youth clinics
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore how health care providers at youth clinics (YCs) in Sweden engage with, focus on, and navigate across the mental health youth space, while upholding the core bedrock principle of "youth-centeredness".Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 health care professionals working in three YCs located in three different regions of Sweden. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis informed by the work of Braun and Clarke.Results: The three themes were: 1) "youth mission-at the core of the YCs" work and challenged by a stronger involvement in mental ill health'; 2) "YCs" unique and complementary role in the youth mental health system: a holistic perspective, team work, and a focus on normalization', and 3) "Caught between a rock and a hard place: to treat at a care level that is not optimal for the young users" needs or to refer within an unreliable system'.Conclusion: This study reflects the individuality and key features of YCs, their widening roles within the mental health sphere, and the challenges faced in maintaining and expanding the characteristic "youth-centred" approach while expanding their work with mental health
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| 10. |
- Greaves, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Impact Assessment : Gathering experiences from wave energy test centres in Europe
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Marine Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1669. ; 14, s. 68-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wave energy industry is an emerging sector and a new user of maritime space that has potential to contribute significantly to the EU renewable energy goals. International and national regulatory frameworks necessitate Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) that provide important data to inform development consent decisions. Here we have evaluated experience related to the assessment programmes at EU wave energy test centres combined with knowledge gained from EIA produced for other similar renewable energy developments. From this we have identified key receptors of concern, as well as the type and magnitude of impacts which may be expected. The key environmental receptors of concern for wave energy EIA include the physical environment (e.g. morphology, waves and current) and flora and fauna(1) as represented by marine mammals, seabirds, benthos, fish and shellfish. From a review of the EIAs performed at wave energy test centres, we identified several lessons regarding the wave energy EIA process. There is clear evidence that the receptors of primary interest are dependent on factors such as the local environmental characteristics, the presence/absence of protected species and the regulatory authority under which the EIA is performed. Furthermore, it is recommended that concerns relating to cumulative impacts, from an expanding level of wave energy development taking place in a background of growing utilisation of the marine environment, which are largely unknown at this early stage of the industry may be comprehensively addressed at the national level as part of a Strategic Environmental Assessment (EIA) and/or in Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) and that it should be regularly reassessed.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Karlsson, Stefan, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Lätta Innovativa Material för Effektiva Solcellsmoduler (LIMES)
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utvinning av solenergi genom solceller är en lovande teknik för att öka andelen förnyelsebara energikällor både nu och i framtiden. Glas till solceller är en betydande del av kostnaden och en nödvändighet att utveckla för att öka livslängden och minska priset per utvunnen watt. I LIMES har man studerat dels att tillsätta optiskt aktiva komponenter som absorberar skadligt UV ljus och samtidigt konverterar det till synligt ljus som i sin tur kan konverteras till energi i solcellerna. Därmed är vinsten tvåfaldig, ökar både livslängden och effektiviteten med upp till 4%. Vidare har det studerats hur man kan optimera de mekaniska och kemiska egenskaperna av glas för att kunna öka den mekaniska och kemiska livslängden, detta genom att optimera glassammansättningen. Man har inom projektet visat att motstånd mot sprickbildning av en ny sammansättning ökar med en faktor 3 och att den kemiska resistensen ökar med en faktor 4. Termo-kemisk härdning av glas har demonstrerats i labskala som ger upphov till minst lika stor härdningsgrad samt ökar motstånd mot sprickbildning med en faktor 2. Det möjliggör användning av tunnare glas och därmed betydligt lättare solceller. Glasytans sammansättning modifieras signifikant genom att öka halten aluminiumoxid och det ger upphov till de förbättrade egenskaperna. Den termo-kemiska behandlingen ökar vattens kontaktvinkel mot glasytan vilket bidrar till ett självrengörande glas. Multifunktionella ytor på glas som är både antireflektiva och självrengörande har studerats genom två olika angreppssätt, nanostrukturerad ytmodifiering och porösa antireflektiva beläggningar med fotokatalytisk nedbrytningsförmåga. Nanostrukturerade glasytor ger upphov till en ökad ljusspridning och kan på så vis effektivt guida ner diffust ljus till solceller och samtidigt ändra vattens kontaktvinkel mot glaset. LIMES-koncepten har demonstrerats genom kvantitativa mätningar och tillverkande av små kiselsolcellsmoduler. Projektet har stått för att öka potentialen för kommersialisering ifrån TRL (Technology Readiness Level) nivå 2-4 till 4-6. Man undersöker i det närmaste hur man kan skala upp planglastillverkning för att kunna ta nästa steg mot kommersialisering.
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| 13. |
- Laukkanen, Anne-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Throaty voice quality : Subglottal pressure, voice source, and formant characteristics
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Voice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0892-1997 .- 1873-4588. ; 20:1, s. 25-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- "Throaty" voice quality has been regarded by voice pedagogues as undesired and even harmful. This study attempts to identify acoustic and physiological correlates of this quality. One male and one female subject read a text habitually and with a throaty voice quality. Oral pressure during p-occlusion was measured as an estimate of subglottal pressure. Long-term average spectrum analysis described the average spectrum characteristics. Sixteen syllables, perceptually evaluated with regard to throaty quality by five experts, were selected for analysis. Formant frequencies and voice source characteristics were measured by means of inverse filtering, and the vocal tract shape of the throaty and normal versions of the vowels [a,u,i,ae] of the male subject were recorded by magnetic resonance imaging. From this material, area functions were derived and their resonance frequencies were determined. The throaty versions of these four vowels all showed a pharynx that was narrower than ill the habitually produced versions. To test the relevance of formant frequencies to perceived throaty quality, experts rated degree of throatiness in synthetic vowel samples, in which the measured formant frequency values of the subject were used. The main acoustic correlates of throatiness seemed to be all increase of F1, a decrease of F4, and in front vowels a decrease of F2, which presumably results from a narrowing of the pharynx. In the male Subject, voice Source parameters suggested a more hyperfunctional voice in throaty samples.
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| 14. |
- Leppänen, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Tobacco Cessation on Prescription in Swedish Primary Health Care: A Protocol of the Motivation 2 Quit (M2Q) Study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1929-0748. ; 5:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, the prevalence of tobacco use is disproportionately high among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Previous research and clinical experience suggest that prescribed lifestyle interventions in the primary health care (PHC) setting such as Physical Activity on Prescription are effective in changing behavior. However, there is a lack of evidence for if and how such a prescription approach could be effectively transferred into the tobacco cessation context.The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Tobacco Cessation on Prescription (TCP) compared to current practice for tobacco cessation targeting socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in the PHC setting in Sweden.The design is a pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial. The sample will consist of 928 daily tobacco users with Swedish social security numbers and permanent resident permits, recruited from 14-20 PHC centers located in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Stockholm County. The primary outcome will be measured in self-reported 7-day abstinence at 6 and 12 months after the intervention. The secondary outcomes will be measured in daily tobacco consumption, number of quit attempts, and health-related quality of life at 6 and 12 months after the intervention. Data will be collected through questionnaires and review of electronic medical records. Cost-effectiveness will be estimated through decision analytic modeling and measured by the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year.In the first set of PHC centers participating in the study, eight centers have been included. Recruitment of individual study participants is currently ongoing. Inclusion of a second set of PHC centers is ongoing with expected study start in September 2016.If TCP is found effective and cost-effective compared to standard treatment, the method could be implemented to facilitate tobacco cessation for socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in the PHC setting in Sweden.International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 11498135; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN11498135 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6kTu6giYQ).
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| 15. |
- Lööw, Heléne, docent lektor, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Hatbrott
- 2010
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Ingår i: Kriminalvård i praktiken. - : Studentlitteratur AB.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Myhrvold, Birgitte Lawaetz, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating attitudes, skills, and use of evidence-based practice among Norwegian chiropractors : A national cross-sectional study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - 1472-6963. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is essential in improving the quality of healthcare and of importance for all health care personnel. No study in Norway has investigated attitudes, skills and use related to EBP among chiropractors. The aim of this study was to describe Norwegian chiropractors' attitudes, skills, and use of EBP, as well as the barriers and facilitators to their use of EBP.METHODS: A national cross-sectional survey, the online version of the Evidence Based practice Attitudes & Utilisation SurvEy (EBASE), was sent by email to 770 Norwegian practicing chiropractors, all members of the Norwegian Chiropractic Association. Three EBASE sub-scores were generated (Attitudes, Skills and Use), and the demographic characteristics of the sample were reported. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between responses of the three sub-scores and demographic characteristics. Information on main barriers and facilitators of EBP was collected and described.RESULTS: A total of 312 (41%) chiropractors responded to the survey, and 95% agreed that EBP is necessary for chiropractic practice. While overall use of EBP activities was low participants were interested in learning and improving their skills to incorporate EBP into practice. Chiropractors' attitudes, skills, and use of EBP were positively associated with being female and having spent more than one hour per week on research, but negatively associated with having practiced more than 10 years. Main barriers of EBP were lack of skills to critically evaluate, interpret, and apply research findings to practice. Main facilitators of EBP included access to the internet and free online databases in the workplace.CONCLUSION: Although chiropractors in Norway reported positive attitudes and moderate skills in EBP, their use of EBP activities was limited. The main barriers and facilitators to EBP were primarily related to perceived skills deficits, whilst enablers of EBP were mostly related to infrastructure requirements.
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| 17. |
- Olsson, Anne-Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Ultra-structural organisation of cell wall polymers in normal and tension wood of aspen revealed by polarisation FTIR microspectroscopy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Planta. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 233:6, s. 1277-1286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polarisation Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to characterize the organisation and orientation of wood polymers in normal wood and tension wood from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides). It is shown that both xylan and lignin in normal wood are highly oriented in the fibre wall. Their orientation is parallel with the cellulose microfibrils and hence in the direction of the fibre axis. In tension wood a similar orientation of lignin was found. However, in tension wood absorption peaks normally assigned to xylan exhibited a 90A degrees change in the orientation dependence of the vibrations as compared with normal wood. The molecular origin of these vibrations are not known, but they are abundant enough to mask the orientation dependence of the xylan signal from the S-2 layer in tension wood and could possibly come from other pentose sugars present in, or associated with, the gelatinous layer of tension wood fibres.
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| 18. |
- Patterson, Allison, et al.
(författare)
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Foraging range scales with colony size in high-latitude seabirds
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 32:17, s. 3800-3807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Density-dependent prey depletion around breeding colonies has long been considered an important factor controlling the population dynamics of colonial animals.1, 2, 3, 4 Ashmole proposed that as seabird colony size increases, intraspecific competition leads to declines in reproductive success, as breeding adults must spend more time and energy to find prey farther from the colony.1 Seabird colony size often varies over several orders of magnitude within the same species and can include millions of individuals per colony.5,6 As such, colony size likely plays an important role in determining the individual behavior of its members and how the colony interacts with the surrounding environment.6 Using tracking data from murres (Uria spp.), the world’s most densely breeding seabirds, we show that the distribution of foraging-trip distances scales to colony size0.33 during the chick-rearing stage, consistent with Ashmole’s halo theory.1,2 This pattern occurred across colonies varying in size over three orders of magnitude and distributed throughout the North Atlantic region. The strong relationship between colony size and foraging range means that the foraging areas of some colonial species can be estimated from colony sizes, which is more practical to measure over a large geographic scale. Two-thirds of the North Atlantic murre population breed at the 16 largest colonies; by extrapolating the predicted foraging ranges to sites without tracking data, we show that only two of these large colonies have significant coverage as marine protected areas. Our results are an important example of how theoretical models, in this case, Ashmole’s version of central-place-foraging theory, can be applied to inform conservation and management in colonial breeding species.
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| 19. |
- Richter Sundberg, Linda, Ph D, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring cross-boundary collaborationfor youth mental health in Sweden : a qualitative study using the integrativeframework for collaborative governance
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6963. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Youth mental health is a major health concern in almost every country. Mental health accounts for about 13% of the global burden of disease in the 10-to-19-year age group. Still there are significant gaps between the mental health needs of young people and the quality and accessibility of available services. Collaboration between health and social service actors is a recognized way of reducing gaps in quality and access. Yet there is little scientific evidence on how these collaborations are applied, or on the challenges of cross-boundary collaboration in the youth mental health space. This study aims to explore how collaboration is understood and practiced by professionals working in the Swedish youth mental health system.Methods: We conducted 42 interviews (November 2020 to March 2022) with health and social care professionalsand managers in the youth mental health system in Sweden. Interviews explored participants’ experience andunderstanding of the purpose, realization, and challenges of collaboration. Data were analysed under an emergentstudy design using reflexive thematic analysis.Results: The analysis produced three themes. The first shows that collaboration is considered as essential andimportant, and that it serves diverse purposes and holds multiple meanings in relation to professionals’ roles andresponsibilities. The second addresses the different layers of collaboration, in relation to activities, relationships, andtarget levels, and the third captures the challenges and criticisms in collaborating across the youth mental healthlandscape, but also in growing possibilities for future development.Conclusion: We conclude that collaboration serves multiple purposes and takes many shapes in the Swedish youth mental health system. Despite the many challenges, participants saw potential in further building collaboration. Interestingly our participants also raised concerns about too much collaboration. There was scepticism about collaboration directing attention away from young people to the professionals, thereby risking the trust and confidentiality of their young clients. Collaboration is not a panacea and will not compensate for an under-resourced youth mental health system.
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| 20. |
- Roghanian, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Antagonistic Human FcγRIIB (CD32B) Antibodies Have Anti-Tumor Activity and Overcome Resistance to Antibody Therapy In Vivo.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cancer Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-3686 .- 1535-6108. ; 27:4, s. 473-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Therapeutic antibodies have transformed cancer therapy, unlocking mechanisms of action by engaging the immune system. Unfortunately, cures rarely occur and patients display intrinsic or acquired resistance. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting human (h) FcγRIIB (CD32B), a receptor implicated in immune cell desensitization and tumor cell resistance. FcγRIIB-blocking antibodies prevented internalization of the CD20-specific antibody rituximab, thereby maximizing cell surface accessibility and immune effector cell mediated antitumor activity. In hFcγRIIB-transgenic (Tg) mice, FcγRIIB-blocking antibodies effectively deleted target cells in combination with rituximab, and other therapeutic antibodies, from resistance-prone stromal compartments. Similar efficacy was seen in primary human tumor xenografts, including with cells from patients with relapsed/refractory disease. These data support the further development of hFcγRIIB antibodies for clinical assessment.
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| 21. |
- Simas, Teresa, et al.
(författare)
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Review of consenting processes for ocean energy in selected European Union Member States
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Marine Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1669. ; 9, s. 41-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Consenting is still generally regarded as a non-technological barrier to the progress of the marine renewable energy industry, caused by the complexity of consenting processes and the lack of dedicated legal frameworks. Existing consenting systems for ocean energy projects tend to be based on procedures designed for other sectors and are seen as inappropriate for the specific needs of ocean energy. Licensing procedures are also viewed by developers as time-consuming because regulators see ocean energy as a new activity with unknown or uncertain effects and consequently often apply strong interpretation of the precautionary principle. Consenting processes for ocean energy are, nevertheless, evolving throughout Europe, driven by national and European policies and incentives on renewables, changing legal and administrative frameworks to facilitate development and more integrated marine governance. This review compares the consenting processes for ocean energy in different European countries, focusing on aspects thought to hamper operation of the process. It shows that different systems of governance across the EU Member States have resulted in diversity in the design of consenting processes, though common features can also be identified. This evidence-based review enables suggestions for streamlining consenting processes for wave energy.
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| 22. |
- Snoeijs-Leijonmalm, Pauline, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Review of the research knowledge and gaps on fish populations, fisheries and linked ecosystems in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO)
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents a review of the research knowledge and gaps on fish populations, fisheries and linked ecosystems in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO). The CAO comprises the deep basins of the Arctic Ocean beyond the shelf break, which largely overlap with the High Seas of the Arctic Ocean, i.e. the marine areas outside the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the Arctic coastal nations. The authors of the report are members of the European Fisheries Inventory in the Central Arctic Ocean (EFICA) Consortium. This study was funded by the European Commission as an EU contribution to the international cooperation within the Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean.
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| 23. |
- Staehr, Peter A. U., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental DNA Monitoring of Biodiversity Hotspots in Danish Marine Waters
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the use of eDNA metabarcoding for supplementing traditional diver-based monitoring of biodiversity of marine boulder reefs within the photic zone. The applied sampling design made it possible to evaluate the usefulness of eDNA monitoring as a supplement for traditional monitoring. Specifically, this study aimed to (1) assess the local influence of boulder reefs on biodiversity across the North Sea to Baltic Sea transition zone and (2) investigate the importance of environmental gradients for patterns in community structure. On samples collected during August 2020, we compared the composition and abundance of species associated with nine reefs, representing an environmental gradient of salinity (16–33 psu), water temperature (16–21°C) and water depth (6–29 m). At each reef site, water was sampled near the bottom just above the reef and on average 2.6 km upstream and downstream (location) and sequenced with metabarcoding using COI, 18S and 12S rDNA primers. eDNA identified 400 species, diver-based observations identified 184 with an overlap of 70 species (12%) and 81 genera (18%). While eDNA identified many infaunal species, it did not detect several macroalgal species which dominated in the diver-based observations. Multivariate analysis of eDNA and diver-based community structure both distinguished between reef communities, with a significant match between patterns observed by the two methods (r = 0.37, p = 0.02). Furthermore, the eDNA approach made it possible to identify significant differences in species composition between upstream, above-reef and downstream locations, suggesting that eDNA leaves a local footprint in benthic habitats. Patterns in both eDNA and diver-based species composition and richness were significantly related to geographical distance, salinity, water temperature and water depth. Despite of low detection of macroalgae, the eDNA sampling provided a substantial supplement to traditional diver-based monitoring of biodiversity around benthic hotspots in the Danish marine waters and therefore we recommend to add eDNA methods to conventional monitoring programs in the future.
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| 24. |
- Sundberg, Ulla, 1947-
(författare)
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Mother tongue - Phonetic Aspects of Infant-Directed Speech
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Phonetic aspects of mother-infant interaction are discussed in light of a functionalist Mother-infant phonetic interaction (MIPhI) model. Adults addressing infants typically use a speech style (infant-directed speech, IDS) characterized by, for instance, extensive suprasegmental (prosodic) modulations. This type of speech seems to interest young infants whose active experience with the spoken language appears to focus their speech perception on the phonological properties of the ambient language during the first year of life. This thesis consists of four articles discussing phonetic modifications at the suprasegmental, segmental and phonological levels, based on data from six Swedish mothersí IDS to their 3-month-olds. The first study concerns the tonal word accent 2 in disyllabic words, and shows how the lexical, bimodal, tonal characteristics of this accent are enhanced in IDS as compared to adult-directed speech (ADS). The second is a cross-linguistic investigation of vowel formant frequencies in Swedish, Am. English and Russian IDS. It shows that vowels like /i/, /u/, and /a/ are more clearly separated in IDS than in ADS, in all three languages. The third study addresses the voiced /voiceless contrast in stop consonants as measured by voice onset time (VOT) and shows that stop consonants seem to be poorly separated in early IDS samples. The fourth study investigates the quantity distinction in V:C and VC: sequences and indicates that this phonological contrast is well maintained in the IDS. Adult data are discussed within the MIPhI model, assuming that suprasegmental and segmental specifications in IDS follow different phonetic specification paths adapted to the infantsí capacities as these develop over the first 18 months of life. The adultsí phonetic adaptations appear to reflect a selective strategy of presenting linguistic structure in a ìgift-wrappingî that is attractive and functional for the infant.
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| 25. |
- Swen, JesseJ, et al.
(författare)
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A 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel to prevent adverse drug reactions : an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised crossover implementation study
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 401:10374, s. 347-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The benefit of pharmacogenetic testing before starting drug therapy has been well documented for several single gene-drug combinations. However, the clinical utility of a pre-emptive genotyping strategy using a pharmacogenetic panel has not been rigorously assessed.Methods: We conducted an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised, crossover implementation study of a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel in 18 hospitals, nine community health centres, and 28 community pharmacies in seven European countries (Austria, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, and the UK). Patients aged 18 years or older receiving a first prescription for a drug clinically recommended in the guidelines of the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (ie, the index drug) as part of routine care were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included previous genetic testing for a gene relevant to the index drug, a planned duration of treatment of less than 7 consecutive days, and severe renal or liver insufficiency. All patients gave written informed consent before taking part in the study. Participants were genotyped for 50 germline variants in 12 genes, and those with an actionable variant (ie, a drug-gene interaction test result for which the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group [DPWG] recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) were treated according to DPWG recommendations. Patients in the control group received standard treatment. To prepare clinicians for pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing, local teams were educated during a site-initiation visit and online educational material was made available. The primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions within the 12-week follow-up period. Analyses were irrespective of patient adherence to the DPWG guidelines. The primary analysis was done using a gatekeeping analysis, in which outcomes in people with an actionable drug-gene interaction in the study group versus the control group were compared, and only if the difference was statistically significant was an analysis done that included all of the patients in the study. Outcomes were compared between the study and control groups, both for patients with an actionable drug-gene interaction test result (ie, a result for which the DPWG recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) and for all patients who received at least one dose of index drug. The safety analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of a study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03093818 and is closed to new participants.Findings: Between March 7, 2017, and June 30, 2020, 41 696 patients were assessed for eligibility and 6944 (51.4 % female, 48.6% male; 97.7% self-reported European, Mediterranean, or Middle Eastern ethnicity) were enrolled and assigned to receive genotype-guided drug treatment (n=3342) or standard care (n=3602). 99 patients (52 [1.6%] of the study group and 47 [1.3%] of the control group) withdrew consent after group assignment. 652 participants (367 [11.0%] in the study group and 285 [7.9%] in the control group) were lost to follow-up. In patients with an actionable test result for the index drug (n=1558), a clinically relevant adverse drug reaction occurred in 152 (21 center dot 0%) of 725 patients in the study group and 231 (27.7%) of 833 patients in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 0 center dot 70 [95% CI 0 center dot 54-0 center dot 91]; p=0.0075), whereas for all patients, the incidence was 628 (21.5%) of 2923 patients in the study group and 934 (28. 6%) of 3270 patients in the control group (OR 0.70 [95% CI 0.61-0.79]; p <0.0001).Interpretation: Genotype-guided treatment using a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel significantly reduced the incidence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions and was feasible across diverse European health-care system organisations and settings. Large-scale implementation could help to make drug therapy increasingly safe.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Veitonmäki, Niina, et al.
(författare)
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A human icam-1 antibody isolated by a function-first approach has potent macrophage-dependent antimyeloma activity in vivo.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cancer Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-3686 .- 1535-6108. ; 23:4, s. 502-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We isolated a tumor B-cell-targeting antibody, BI-505, from a highly diversified human phage-antibody library, using a pioneering "function-first" approach involving screening for (1) specificity for a tumor B cell surface receptor, (2) induction of tumor programmed cell death, and (3) enhanced in vivo antitumor activity compared to currently used treatments. BI-505 bound to intercellular adhesion molecule-1, identifying a previously unrecognized role for this receptor as a therapeutic target in cancer. The BI-505 epitope was strongly expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma cells from both newly diagnosed and relapsed patients. BI-505 had potent macrophage-dependent antimyeloma activity and conferred enhanced survival compared to currently used treatments in advanced experimental models of multiple myeloma.
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