| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Eiken, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of ischaemic training on force development and fibre-type composition in human skeletal muscle
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Clinical Physiology. - 0144-5979 .- 1365-2281. ; 11:1, s. 41-49
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Force (peak torque) of m. quadriceps femoris was measured during 60 repeated, voluntary dynamic knee extensions in 10 men before and after a 4-week training regimen of one-legged cycle exercise. Biopsies for histochemical analysis were obtained from the lateral vastus muscle after the training period. One leg was trained with the blood flow to the leg muscles reduced by local supra-atmospheric external pressure of 50 mmHg ('Ischaemic leg, I-leg'). Employing the same work-load profile the other leg was trained at normal atmospheric pressure ('Non-restricted-flow leg, N-leg'). In response to I-training, Maximum Peak Torqued (MPT; the highest torque produced in any contraction) and Initial Peak Torque (IPT; the average peak torque of the initial 12 contractions) decreased by 8% (P less than 0.01) and 9% (P less than 0.001), respectively. Final Peak Torque (FPT; the average peak torque of the final 12 contractions) increased by 13% (P less than 0.05) after I-training. No changes in MPT, IPT or FPT occurred following N-training. After training the proportion of slow-twitch fibres was higher (P less than 0.05) and the mean slow-twitch fibre area was larger (P less than 0.05) in the I-than in the N-trained leg. The results indicate that blood flow-restricted training, in contrast to non-restricted-flow training, decreases maximum voluntary dynamic force, possibly by inducing an increase in the share of the muscle cross-sectional area consisting of slow-twitch fibres. That flow-restricted training improves maintenance of force during short-term local exercise may reflect ischaemically induced changes in the metabolic characteristics of skeletal muscle.
|
|
| 3. |
- Esbjörnsson, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Muscle fibre types and enzyme activities after training with local leg ischaemia in man.
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 148:3, s. 233-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight healthy men performed supine one-legged training on a bicycle ergometer 45 min per leg four times per week for 4 week. The ergometer and lower body were inside a pressure chamber, the opening of which was sealed at the level of the crotch. One leg trained with impeded leg blood flow (I-leg), induced by an increased (50 mmHg) chamber pressure, at the highest tolerable intensity. The contralateral leg trained at the same power under normal pressure (N-leg). Before and after training biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of both legs and maximal one-legged exercise tests were executed with both legs. Biopsies were repeated when the subjects had been back to their habitual physical activity for 3 months. Training increased exercise time to exhaustion, but more in the I-leg than in the N-leg. After training, the I-leg had higher activity of citrate synthase (CS), a marker of oxidative capacity, and lower activity of the M-subunit of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. It also had a higher percentage of type-I fibres and a lower percentage of IIB fibres, larger areas of all fibre types and a greater number of capillaries per fibre. It is concluded that ischaemic training changes the muscle metabolic profile in a direction facilitating aerobic metabolism. An altered fibre-type composition may contribute, but is not enough prerequisite for the change.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kaijser, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Muscle oxidative capacity and work performance after training under local leg ischemia
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 69:2, s. 785-787
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthy young men executed supine one-legged cycle training four times per week for 4 wk with legs and the cycle ergometer inside a pressure chamber, the opening of which was sealed by a rubber membrane at the level of the crotch. Each training session started by training one leg under ischemic conditions induced by increased chamber pressure (50 mmHg) at the highest intensity tolerable for 45 min. Then the other leg was trained with the same power profile but normal atmospheric chamber pressure. Before and after the training period, both legs executed one-legged exercise tests under both normal and increased chamber pressure and muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis. Ischemic training increased performance more than normal training, the difference being greater for exercise executed under ischemic conditions. The difference in performance increase between the legs was paralleled by a greater muscle citrate synthase activity in the ischemically than in the normally trained leg.
|
|
| 5. |
- Larsson, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Medicine and the media : Medical experts' problems and solutions while working with journalists
- 2019
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medical experts are one of the main sources used by journalists in reporting on medical science. This study aims to 1) identify problems that medical experts encounter in contacts with the media representatives, 2) elucidate their attitudes about interactions with journalists and 3) reflect on solutions that could improve the quality of medical journalism. By using in-depth interviews, focus groups and a survey directed to 600 medical experts in 21 countries, this cohort study elucidates medical experts' experiences and views on participating in popular media. A strong interest in interacting with the media was identified among the experts, where nearly one fifth of the respondents in the survey claimed that they contacted the media more than 10 times per year. Six obstacles for improving the quality of medical reporting in the media were found: Deadlines, headlines, choice of topic or angle, journalist's level of medical knowledge, differences in professional culture and colleagues' opinions. The main concern among experts was that short deadlines and exaggerated headlines could harm journalistic quality. It is possible that this is partly due to ongoing changes in the media landscape with many new platforms and less control functions. Nevertheless, for several reasons many experts have great interest in interacting with the media, something that could contribute to better communication and fewer misunderstandings. Our results highlight factors like expert networks, media training for scientists and regular meetings that may facilitate communication between medical experts and medical reporters.
|
|
| 6. |
- Leppänen, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Motivation 2 Quit (M2Q): A cluster randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of Tobacco Cessation on Prescription in Swedish primary healthcare
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of Tobacco Cessation on Prescription (TCP) compared to standard treatment in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Swedish primary healthcare (PHC). Study design A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial, where randomization was conducted at the PHC center level using a computer-generated random allocation sequence. Setting 18 PHC centers in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Stockholm. Participants 250 adult daily tobacco users (56% female, 41% foreign born) with Swedish social security numbers and permanent resident permits, fluent in Swedish or Arabic, of which 140 responded to the follow-up at 6 months and 139 to the follow-up at 12 months. No blinding was applied. Interventions TCP (tobacco cessation counseling for ≥10 minutes, an individualized prescription for tobacco cessation treatment and follow-up on ≥1 occasion) compared to standard treatment. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was self-reported 7-day abstinence at 6 months and the secondary outcomes included self-reported 7-day abstinence at 12 months and 3-month continued abstinence at 6 and 12 months follow-up. Results PHC centers were randomized to the intervention group (n = 8) and control group (n = 10). At the PHC centers, 250 patients (TCP n = 188, standard treatment n = 62) were recruited. There was a statistically significant effect of TCP compared to standard treatment for the outcomes 7-day abstinence at 6 months (OR adjusted 5.4, 95% CI 1.57 to 18.93) and 3-month continued abstinence at 6 (OR adjusted 6.4, 95% CI 1.30 to 31.27) and 12 months follow-up (OR adjusted 7.8, 95% CI 1.25 to 48.82). Conclusions TCP may be effective in achieving abstinence from tobacco use compared to standard treatment in the given setting but due to several limitations, resulting in high attrition rates and a low statistical power in the study, more research is needed to evaluate this.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lornudd, C., et al.
(författare)
-
A champagne tower of influence : An interview study of how corporate boards enact occupational health and safety
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 143
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The board of directors is responsible for governing organizations, including firms’ occupational health and safety (OHS). However, empirical research addressing how boards of directors enact OHS responsibility is scarce. In this study, we explored how boards of directors describe how their board acts to take responsibility for OHS. A secondary aim was to analyze whether those actions represent governance according to the agency theory and/or the stewardship theory. The empirical material consisted of 34 interviews with board members and chief executive officers in large private companies from four industries: trade, construction, manufacturing, and health/social care. Using Boardman and Lyon's framework for OHS governance, we conducted a hybrid thematic analysis. The findings deepen and broaden the current understanding of the role that the board of directors may play in OHS governance in private companies. The boards’ actions for taking responsibility for OHS both represent governance in line with the agency theory and stewardship theory. However, the boards’ actions also underpin a behavioral view of corporate OHS governance. This suggests an influence on the organization that starts with actions in the boardroom and, like champagne in a glass tower, trickles down from the executive directors to other layers of the organization.
|
|
| 8. |
- Mekjavić, I. B., et al.
(författare)
-
Perception of thermal comfort during narcosis
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine. - 1066-2936. ; 21:1, s. 9-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the perception of thermal comfort in six male subjects immersed in water at 28 degrees C (study I) and 15 degrees C (study II), breathing either room air (AIR) or a normoxic mixture containing 30% N2O (N2O). Immersions were terminated if esophageal temperature (Tes) decreased by 2 degrees C from resting levels or to 35 degrees C. At regular intervals, subjects rated their perception of thermal comfort on a 21-point scale (thermal comfort vote, TCV; +10 = very, very hot, 0 = neutral, -10 = very, very cold). For similar decreases in Tes from resting preimmersion values (mean +/- SD = -0.90 degrees +/- 0.13 degrees C and -0.92 degrees +/- 0.15 degrees C during the AIR and N2O trials in study I, and -0.90 degree +/- 0.22 degree C and -0.89 degree +/- 0.27 degree C during the AIR and N2O trials in study II), subjects perceived the immersions as less cold during the N2O trials. The median TCVs for the AIR condition of -5 in study I and -7.75 in study II, were significantly lower than those reported by the subjects for the respective N2O conditions (1.75 in study I and -5.5 in study II). It is concluded that behavioral adjustments required for maintaining thermal balance may be diminished during narcosis due to the altered perception of thermal discomfort. Assuming that the effect of inert gas narcosis on thermoregulatory responses is similar to that of N2O, then combined with the significant attenuation of heat gain mechanisms by anesthetic gases, the attenuation of the perception of thermal comfort may represent a significant factor in the etiology of hypothermia observed in compressed air divers.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Olsson, Susanne, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis: Protected Substrate Oxidation
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 21:13, s. 5211-5219
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three new conglomerates incorporating bidentate sulfide ligands coordinated by Ru-II centers have been prepared. Total spontaneous resolution by slow crystallization gives highly enantioenriched crystal batches, which are used in enantioselective oxidation of the sulfide ligands to give chiral sulfoxide complexes with >98% ee. All relevant stereoisomers have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, CD spectroscopy, and chiral HPLC. If the ligand range can be extended to monodentate sulfides, a large-scale and recyclable process for enantioselective oxidation of sulfides can be designed.
|
|
| 11. |
- Rullman, E., et al.
(författare)
-
A single bout of exercise activates matrix metalloproteinase in human skeletal muscle
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 102:6, s. 2346-2351
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were 1) to characterize changes in matrix metalloproteinase (NIMP), endostatin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression in skeletal muscle in response to a single bout of exercise in humans; and 2) to determine if any exchange of endostatin and VEGF-A between circulation and the exercising leg is associated with a change in the tissue expression or plasma concentration of these factors. Ten healthy males performed 65 min of cycle exercise, and muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle at rest and immediately and 120 min after exercise. In the muscle biopsies, measurements of mRNA expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-14, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; VEGF and endostatin protein levels; and NIMP activities were performed. Femoral arterial and venous concentrations of VEGF-A and endostatin were determined before, during, and 120 min after exercise. A single bout of exercise increased MMP-9 mRNA and activated MMP-9 protein in skeletal muscle. No measurable increase of endostatin was observed in the skeletal muscle or in plasma following exercise. A concurrent increase in skeletal muscle VEGF-A mRNA and protein levels was induced by exercise, with no signs of peripheral uptake from the circulation. However, a decrease in plasma VEGF-A concentration occurred following exercise. Thus 1) a single bout of exercise activated the MMP system without any resulting change in tissue endostatin protein levels, and 2) the increased VEGF-A protein levels are due to changes in the skeletal muscle tissue itself. Other mechanisms are responsible for the observed exercise-induced decrease in VEGF-A in plasma.
|
|
| 12. |
- Sundberg, C. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of ischaemic training on local aerobic muscle performance in man
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 148:1, s. 13-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to compare the effects of ischaemic and non-ischaemic training on aerobic performance. In 10 subjects, peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and time to fatigue (TTF) for one-legged exercise were measured before and after 4 weeks (4 times week-1) of one-legged training. Each training session started with one leg training for 45 min with 20% blood-flow reduction induced by local application of a supra-atmospheric external pressure of 50 mmHg (ischaemic leg; I-leg). We have previously shown that this decreases leg blood flow by about 20%. The contralateral leg (non-restricted-flow leg; N-leg), serving as a control, then trained with an identical power-output profile for 45 min but without flow restriction. In the I-leg the average training-induced increments in TTF and peak VO2 were 27 and 24%, respectively. In the N-trained leg TTF and peak-VO2 increased 10 and 14%, respectively. Both increments were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the I-trained leg. Moreover, the performance increase in the I-trained leg was exaggerated (P < 0.05) in the ischaemic test condition, i.e. there was a specificity in the training response. In conclusion, ischaemia acts as an additive stimulus to training leading to an exaggerated increase in endurance and peak-VO2 compared to identical training without blood-flow restriction. The main explanation is probably an enhanced local adaptation in the I-trained leg.
|
|
| 13. |
- Sundberg, J., et al.
(författare)
-
A Versatile Dinucleating Ligand Containing Sulfonamide Groups
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 53:6, s. 2873-2882
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copper, iron, and gallium coordination chemistries of the new pentadentate bis-sulfonamide ligand 2,6-bis(N-2-pyridylmethylsulfonamido)-4-methylphenol (psmpH(3)) were investigated. PsmpH(3) is capable of varying degrees of deprotonation, and notably, complexes containing the fully trideprotonated ligand can be prepared in aqueous solutions using only divalent metal ions. Two of the copper(II) complexes, [Cu-2(psmp)(OH)] and [Cu-2(psmp)(OAc)(2)](-), demonstrate the anticipated 1:2 ligand/metal stoichiometry and show that the dimetallic binding site created for exogenous ligands possesses high inherent flexibility since additional one- and three-atom bridging ligands bridge the two copper(11) ions in each complex, respectively. This gives rise to a difference of 0.4 angstrom in the Cu center dot center dot center dot Cu distances. Complexes with 2:3 and 2:1 ligand/metal stoithiometries for the divalent and trivalent metal ions, respectively, were observed in [Cu-3(psmp)(2)(H2O)] and [M(psmpH)(psmpH(2))], where M = Ga-III, Fe-III. The deprotonated tridentate N-2-pyridylsulfonylmethylphenolato moieties chelate the metal ions in a meridional fashion, whereas in [Cu-3(psmp)(2)(H2O)] the rare mu(2)-N-sulfonarnido bridging coordination mode is observed. In the bis-ligand mononuclear complexes, one picolyl arm of each ligand is protonated and uncoordinated. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on the doubly and triply bridged dicopper(II) complexes indicate strong and medium strength antiferromagnetic coupling interactions, with J = 234 cm(-1) and 115 cm(-1) for [Cu-2(psmp)(OH)] and [Cu-2(psmp)(OAc)(2)](-), respectively (in H-HDvV = ... +JS(1)S(2) convention). The trinudear [Cu-3(psmp)(2)(H2O)], in which the central copper ion is linked to two flanking copper atoms by two mu(2)-N-sulfonamido bridges and two phenoxide bridges shows an overall magnetic behavior of antiferromagnetic coupling. This is corroborated computationally by broken-symmetry densityfunctional theory, which for isotropic modeling of the coupling predicts an antiferromagnetic coupling strength of J = 70.5 cm(-1).
|
|
| 14. |
- Sundberg, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Accessing iron amides from dimesityliron
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-328X. ; 786, s. 40-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new phase of dimesityliron has been crystallized from diethylether; the crystal structure shows a dinuclear complex with co-crystallized solvent. Crystalline [Fe-2(mes)(2)(mu(2)-mes)(2)]center dot Et2O is a convenient starting material and reacts with di(2-pyridyl) amine to yield rare iron di(2-pyridyl) amido complexes. Crystal structures of air-sensitive [Fe-2(mes)(2)(dpa)(2)], [Fe-2(dpa)(3)Cl] and [Fe-4(dpa)(6)O] were determined. [Fe-4(dpa)(6)O] is known, and the dinuclear complexes [Fe-2(mes)(2)(dpa)(2)] and [Fe-2(dpa)(3)Cl] represent only the second and third reports of homometallic iron dpa(-) complexes. Long Fe. Fe distances of 3.043(1) and 3.104(2) angstrom in [Fe-2(mes)(2)(dpa)(2)] and [Fe-2(dpa)(3)Cl], respectively, and very unsymmetrically coordinated amido groups, indicate that the iron atoms are not involved in M-M bonding. This fact, and the relatively low coordination numbers of the high spin Fe(II) atoms are consistent with sensitivity of these compounds towards O-2. DFT calculations were employed to rationalize the formation of the unusual architectures displayed by the dpa(-) complexes of iron. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 15. |
- Wallenstein, Joachim, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Emissive Ruthenium-Bisdiimine Complexes with Chelated Thioether Donors
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1434-1948 .- 1099-0682. ; 2016:6, s. 897-906
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The photophysical properties of ruthenium(II) complexes of bidentate 2-[(alkylthio)methyl]pyridine (N,S) ligands have been systematically investigated. The co-ligands in the heteroleptic complexes were diimines (N,N ligands, e.g., bpy, phen) or tripodal tetradentate tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (tpa). Their X-ray structures revealed little variation in the Ru-S (2.31-2.33 angstrom) and Ru-N (2.06-2.11 angstrom) bond lengths. Despite this, considerable variation can be observed in the electrochemistry and spectroscopy measurements. The presence of the thioether sulfur donor results in a shift to a more positive potential of the Ru2+/Ru3+ process, and the absorption maxima are consequently blueshifted in [Ru(N,N)(2)(N,S)](2+) complexes compared with the [Ru(N,N)(3)](2+) analogues. The [Ru(N,N)(2)(N,S)](2+) complexes display strong room-temperature emission from (MLCT)-M-3 states, governed by the N,N donors. This is corroborated by low-temperature steady-state emission studies, which revealed typical (MLCT)-M-3 emission profiles and excited-state lifetimes of around 5-10 mu s.
|
|
| 16. |
- Wengström, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Optitrain : a randomised controlled exercise trial for women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2407. ; 17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy suffer from a range of detrimental disease and treatment related side-effects. Exercise has shown to be able to counter some of these side-effects and improve physical function as well as quality of life. The primary aim of the study is to investigate and compare the effects of two different exercise regimens on the primary outcome cancer-related fatigue and the secondary outcomes muscle strength, function and structure, cardiovascular fitness, systemic inflammation, skeletal muscle gene activity, health related quality of life, pain, disease and treatment-related symptoms in women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. The second aim is to examine if any effects are sustained 1, 2, and 5 years following the completion of the intervention and to monitor return to work, recurrence and survival. The third aim of the study is to examine the effect of attendance and adherence rates on the effects of the exercise programme.Methods: This study is a randomised controlled trial including 240 women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy in Stockholm, Sweden. The participants are randomly allocated to either: group 1: Aerobic training, group 2: Combined resistance and aerobic training, or group 3: usual care (control group). During the 5-year follow-up period, participants in the exercise groups will receive a physical activity prescription. Measurements for endpoints will take place at baseline, after 16 weeks (end of intervention) as well as after 1, 2 and 5 years.Discussion: This randomised controlled trial will generate substantial information regarding the effects of different types of exercise on the health of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. We expect that dissemination of the knowledge gained from this study will contribute to developing effective long term strategies to improve the physical and psychosocial health of breast cancer survivors.
|
|
