| 1. |
- Ahrné, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Tillstånd och trender för arter och deras livsmiljöer – rödlistade arter i Sverige 2015
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 2015 års upplaga av den svenska rödlistan är den fjärde i ordningen. Den är baserad på IUCN:s rödlistningskriterier och revideras vart femte år. I rödlistan bedöms risken som enskilda arter av djur, växter och svampar löper att försvinna från Sverige. Bedömningen utförs av ArtDatabankens medarbetare i samverkan med över 100 externa experter, indelade i 14 expertkommittéer för olika organismgrupper. Under arbetet med 2015 års rödlista har tillstånd och trender bedömts för 21 600 arter och 1 318 lägre taxa (apomiktiska arter, underarter och varieteter), sammanlagt ca 22 900 taxa. Av de bedömda arterna klassificerades 2 029 som hotade (kategorierna CR, EN och VU) och 4 273 som rödlistade (inkluderar även kategorierna NT, RE och DD). Förhållandet mellan antalet rödlistade och antalet bedömda arter ar 19,8 %, vilket är ungefär samma värde som 2010 och 2005. I denna rapport jämförs antalet och andelen rödlistade arter mellan olika organismgrupper, biotoper, substrat och påverkansfaktorer. Texten ar indelad i en allmän del och åtta kapitel inriktade på olika landskapstyper. Landskapstyperna utgör en grov indelning av landets miljöer enligt följande kategorier: Skog, Jordbrukslandskap, Urbana miljöer, Fjäll, Våtmarker, Sötvatten, Havsstränder och Havsmiljöer. Skogen och jordbrukslandskapet är de artrikaste landskapstyperna med 1 800 respektive 1 400 arter som har en stark anknytning dit, och ytterligare flera hundra arter som förekommer där mer sporadiskt. De faktorer som påverkar flest rödlistade arter i Sverige är skogsavverkning och igenväxning, som båda utgör ett hot mot vardera ca 30 % av de rödlistade arterna. Avverkning minskar arealen av skog där naturliga strukturer och naturlig dynamik upprätthålls, och den orsakar därmed förlust av livsmiljöer. Igenväxning orsakas av ett antal faktorer, bland annat upphörande hävd (bete och slåtter), gödsling, trädplantering och brist på naturliga störningsregimer som t.ex. regelbundna översvämningar kring vattendrag och sjöar. Andra viktiga påverkansfaktorer är fiske, torrläggning av våtmarker, tillbakagång hos värdarter (främst alm och ask som drabbats av invasiva svampsjukdomar), klimatförändringar och konkurrens från invasiva arter. IUCN:s rödlisteindex beräknas för ett urval av de bedömda organismgrupperna. Rödlisteindex visar att skillnaderna mellan rödlistorna från 2000, 2005, 2010 och 2015 är små. Ett par undantag finns dock. Groddjur och stora däggdjur har fått en något förbättrad situation sedan 2000. Totalt förefaller det ändå som att trycket mot Sveriges artstock har förblivit relativt konstant under de senaste 15 åren.
|
|
| 2. |
- Engvall, Emma, et al.
(författare)
-
Diet and prey size preference in Razorbills Alca torda breeding at Stora Karlsö, Sweden; [Vilken typ och storlek av bytesdjur föredrar häckande tordmular Alca torda vid Stora Karlsö?]
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ornis Svecica. - : University of Lund. - 1102-6812 .- 2003-2633. ; 32, s. 87-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Razorbill Alca torda is one of three auk species breeding in Sweden, often occurring in colonies with Common Guillemot Uria aalge. The largest colony in the Baltic Sea is situated on the island Stora Karlsö west of Gotland. During the chick-rearing phase, Razorbills forage at sea and return to feed the young with single or multiple prey carried sideways in the bill, unlike Common Guillemots that carry a single fish in the middle of the bill. Clupeids, especially sprat Sprattus sprattus, are the main prey of Baltic Sea Razorbills, but studies are scarce. Here, we investigate the diet preference of Razorbills at Stora Karlsö with regard to prey taxonomy and size, analysing photographs and applying morphometric equations. We show that most feeding attempts involved a single clupeid (88% of known fish taxonomy), in most cases likely sprat. The average prey size (115 mm) and prey species was similar to that of Common Guillemots in the same colony. The variation in size was much smaller in the Razorbill diet than the size distribution of clupeids at sea, indicating a strong prey size selectivity. The Razorbills’ high specialisation underlines the importance of maintaining strong populations of clupeids in their foraging area, as these fish are also targeted by industrial fisheries.
|
|
| 3. |
- Strömbeck, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Outcome of a Multi-modal CBT-based Treatment Program for Chronic School Refusal
- 2021
-
Ingår i: GLOBAL PEDIATRIC HEALTH. - : Sage Publications. - 2333-794X. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- School refusal (SR) can have several negative consequences, but effective treatments are available. When chronic, school absence requires comprehensive treatment. This study evaluates an intervention for SR based on a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model, Hemmasittarprogrammet (HSP). Attendance, anxiety, depression, quality of life, and emotional and behavioral symptoms were measured at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up. The participants (n = 84; 69% male) were SR students between 10 and 17 years old and their parents. School attendance increased after treatment and at follow-up. The proportion of students totally absent from school decreased and the number of students with an acceptable level of school attendance increased. Levels of anxiety and depression were lower both post-treatment and at follow-up for the youths and their parents. HSP, a promising treatment program for school refusal, builds on the literature of CBT-based programs, which has been shown to be effective for SR treatment. However, more research about the effectiveness of the program is needed. Future studies should have a stronger research design, include a measure of fidelity, and be evaluated independent of the founders of the program under investigation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Sundberg, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Havsstränder
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Tillstånd och trender för arter och deras livsmiljöer - rödlistade arter i Sverige 2015. - 9789187853135 ; :17, s. 51-56
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sveriges mångformiga kust - med sand-, grus- och klippstränder, dyner och strandängar - hyser drygt 270 rödlistade arter för vilka havsstränderna är viktiga livsmiljöer. Här ingår många arter av fåglar, kärlväxter, spindeldjur, skalbaggar, fjärilar och groddjur. Havsstrandängar och sandiga miljöer är särskilt artrika. Havsstrandsarterna hotas främst av igenväxning, exploatering, mänsklig störning av häckningsplatser och livsmiljöer samt nedskräpning. De viktigaste åtgärderna är att återskapa blottade sandstränder och dyner, att säkerställa en välanpassad hävd av strandängar samt att minska föroreningar och marin nedskräpning.
|
|
| 5. |
- Sundberg, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Våtmarker
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Tillstånd och trender för arter och deras livsmiljöer - rödlistade arter i Sverige 2015. - 9789187853135 ; :17, s. 41-45
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Våtmarker, bl.a. myrar och sötvattensstränder, hyser totalt drygt 800 rödlistade arter, och för nästan 470 av dessa är våtmarkerna särskilt viktiga livsmiljöer. De flesta artgrupper har representanter här, men kärlväxter, lavar, tvåvingar och skalbaggar är särskilt artrika. Även mossor, fjärilar, fåglar och landmollusker är väl representerade. Rikkärr och sötvattensstränder är de artrikaste våtmarksmiljöerna. De rödlistade våtmarksarterna hotas främst av igenväxning, dikning, vattenreglering och eutrofiering. Restaurering, fortsatt och utökad hävd samt nyskapande av våtmarker är viktiga åtgärder, liksom återgång till naturlig vattenföring och vattenståndsdynamik i strandnära miljöer.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Ahlbeck Bergendahl, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2017 : Resursöversikt
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES).De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.Rapporten omfattar 41 fiskarter och sju skaldjursarter.Nytt för i år är att vi även beskriver fritidsfisket mer utförligt. Det fisket får allt större betydelse för utvecklingen av många av Sveriges bestånd av fisk- och skaldjur, till exempel sötvattens- och kustlevande arter som abborre, gädda, gös, lax, röding och öring, liksom marina arter som torsk och hummerÖversikten är utarbetad av SLU Aqua på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten.
|
|
| 8. |
- Allard, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
New and changing use of technologies in monitoring: drones, artificial intelligence, and environmental DNA
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Monitoring Biodiversity : Combining Environmental and Social Data. - London : Routledge. - 9781032015934 ; , s. 148-173
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter shows the emerging uses in monitoring, using new as well as older technology in new or developed ways, finding new ways to collect data at different scales, from space down to genetic material. As has been stressed in other chapters, the planet and its biodiversity are closely linked to humans making decisions on land use, through history, and the research into older landscapes gives insights into the landscape of today. In many ways, the possibilities of data science, including the computer capacity to handle very large datasets, have changed the way environmental data can be modelled and understood. With the new possibilities, new challenges also become evident, such as the enormous amounts of training data needed for modelling using deep learning techniques or to take on the challenge of creating virtual twins of European ecosystems for future policymaking.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Almgren, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
SICStus Prolog library manual, version 2.1 #8
- 1993. - 1
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Manual corresponds to SICStus Prolog release 2.1. #8 The Prolog library comprises a number of packages which are thought to be useful in a number of applications. Note that the predicates in the Prolog library are built-in predicates. One has to explicity load each package to get access to its predicates. To load a library package Package, you will normally enter a query. I ?- use_module(library(Package)). Library packages may be compiled and consulted as well as loaded.
|
|
| 11. |
- Aronsson, Mora, et al.
(författare)
-
Sveriges arter och naturtyper i EU:s art- och habitatdirektiv : Resultat från rapportering 2019 till EU av bevarandestatus 2013-2018
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sverige har en variationsrik natur med storslagen fjällmiljö, myllrande våtmarker, vattendrag och sjöar, kust och hav, skogar och odlingslandskap, alla med ett rikt växt och djurliv. Den här fantastiska biologiska mångfalden tas ofta för given och ibland som en lyx, men oavsett vilket är det en förutsättning för vår överlevnad.2019 rapporterade Sverige statusen till EU för perioden 2013–2018 för de naturtyper och arter i Sverige som är listade i art- och habitatdirektivet. Den berättar att 20 procent av naturtyperna och 40 procent av arterna mår bra. Den biologiska mångfalden är hårt trängd i såväl Sverige som i andra EU-länder.Den här rapporten sammanfattar Sveriges rapportering och innehåller beskrivningar av status för naturtyper och arter, påverkan, hot och trender. Rapporten ger kunskap om tillståndet för den biologiska mångfalden i Sverige med hjälp av de arter och naturtyper som är listade i EU:s art- och habitatdirektiv.Rapporten visar hur naturmiljöerna i Sverige förändas, och sammanfattar den senaste kunskapen om vilka faktorer som driver dessa förändringar. Även exempel på hur vi genom restaurerings- och skötselåtgärder kan hejda förlusten av biologisk mångfald tas upp.
|
|
| 12. |
- Assadi, G., et al.
(författare)
-
LACC1 polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Genes and Immunity. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1466-4879 .- 1476-5470. ; 17:4, s. 261-264
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The function of the Laccase domain-containing 1 (LACC1) gene is unknown, but genetic variation at this locus has been reported to consistently affect the risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and leprosy. Recently, a LACC1 missense mutation was found in patients suffering from monogenic forms of CD, but also systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. We tested the hypothesis that LACC1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in addition to CD, are associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA, non-systemic), and another major form of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis (UC). We selected 11 LACC1 tagging SNPs, and tested their effect on disease risk in 3855 Swedish individuals from three case-control cohorts of CD, UC and JIA. We detected false discovery rate corrected significant associations with individual markers in all three cohorts, thereby expanding previous results for CD also to UC and JIA. LACC1's link to several inflammatory diseases suggests a key role in the human immune system and justifies further characterization of its function(s).
|
|
| 13. |
- Berg, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Lack of sex differences in the IGF-IGFBP response to ultra endurance exercise.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 18:6, s. 706-714
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-IGF binding proteins (BP) and the pituitary-gonadal axes were investigated during ultra endurance exercise in 16 endurance-trained athletes (seven women). Median duration of the race was 6.3 days. Although food and drink were ad libitum, energy balance was negative. Blood samples were drawn before (PRE), at the end of (END) and 24 h after (POST24h) the race. Serum concentrations of total IGF-I (t-IGF-I) and free IGF-I (f-IGF-I) decreased by 33 (SD 38)% and 54 (19)%, respectively. The decrease in t-IGF-I appeared to be associated to the total energy deficit during the race. At END, the IGFBP-3 fragmentation and IGFBP-1 were increased but these changes did not predict changes in f-IGF-I. An increase in POST24h IGFBP-2 levels in women was the only sex difference. Testosterone was decreased by 67 (12)% in the men and estradiol became undetectable in the women without any detectable increase in LH and/or FSH. In conclusion ultra endurance exercise results in similar IGF-IGFBP responses in men and women reflecting a catabolic state. IGFBP-2 was the only exception, with increased levels in women after exercise. A concomitant decrease in gonadal hormones was not related to endocrine changes in the IGF-IGFBP axis but may be related to local changes in IGF-I expression.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Bjelke, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Rödlistade arter och naturvård i sand- och grustäkter
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturligt störningspräglade sandmarker hyser en artrik och konkurrenskänslig flora och fauna. Sådana livsmiljöer har minskat drastiskt under 1900-talet. Under samma period ökade antalet sand- och grustäkter. Trots att täkterna ofta innebär stora ingrepp i naturen kan de utgöra viktiga ersättningshabitat för arter knutna till sandiga miljöer. Sedan några decennier så minskar även sand- och grustäkter starkt, beroende på att samhället vill bevara naturliga sand- och grusresurser. Produktionen har medvetet flyttats till bergkrossanläggningar och det ges idag mycket få tillstånd för utökad verksamhet eller nya sandtäkter. Från fler än 5 000 aktiva täkter på 1990-talet har antalet sjunkit till färre än 1 000. Täkter som avslutas har ofta föreskrifter om att planas ut och övertäckas vilket gör att deras naturvärden spolieras. Drygt 300 rödlistade arter har gynnats av sandtäkter när ursprungshabitaten minskat. Steklar och skalbaggar utgör de största grupperna med närmare två tredjedelar av arterna. Södra Sverige hyser störst rikedom av dessa arter men såväl täkter som arternas mer naturliga miljöer är bristfälligt undersökta, särskilt i glest befolkade delar av landet. För att bevara dessa täktlevande arter krävs att naturvården arbetar för att förhindra att avslutade täkter planas ut eller täcks över. Det är av stor betydelse att naturvårdande myndigheter ges tillräckliga styrmedel och ekonomiska resurser att arbeta med täkter. Genom enkla åtgärder kan de skapade livsmiljöerna i täkter bevaras till en låg kostnad jämfört med andra alternativa biotopvårdande åtgärder. Rapporten belyser artsamhällena som kan finnas i täkter samt viktiga strategier och åtgärder för naturvård i dessa miljöer. Rapporten har finansierats av Naturvårdsverket och av SLU:s medel för fortlöpande miljöanalys.
|
|
| 17. |
- Björkvik, Emma, 1987-
(författare)
-
Stewardship in Swedish Baltic small-scale fisheries : A study on the social-ecological dynamics of local resource use
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sustainability scholars frequently advocate for stewardship as a strategy to foster sustainable development. Stewardship broadly refers to the wise and responsible use of nature, and is considered necessary to ensure the long-term wellbeing of humans and that of life in general. In the academic literature local resource users, like hunters, farmers or fishers, are widely acknowledged to act as stewards of the natural environments their livelihoods depend upon. Research shows that this group of people often are able to use natural resources in a sustainable manner, and that their knowledge of how to do so can improve natural resource management. However, research also emphasizes how different local resource users have different potential to steward natural environments. There is thus a need to better understand what stewardship among local resource users entails more concretely as well as when and how it fosters environmental sustainability. In this thesis, I study stewardship in the case of Swedish Baltic small-scale fisheries. I conceptualize stewardship as an interaction between fishers and the social-ecological context in which they are embedded. This conceptualization implies that stewardship does not exist or emerge from within fishers themselves, but is created, formed and realized through fishing practices. I further define and analyze stewardship using a framework composed of three dimensions: care, agency and knowledge. My findings are contained in four papers. Paper I presents a theoretical model of how local resource users respond to social and ecological change, and shows the model’s empirical relevance. Paper II gives an overview of the diversity and development within present-day Swedish Baltic small-scale fisheries. Paper III investigates the historical development of a Swedish fishery that targets the critically endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Paper IV focuses on fishers’ knowledge and assesses how this knowledge can be applied in fisheries science and management. The papers collectively demonstrate the contextual nature of stewardship and showcase how stewardship varies over time as well as between fishers. The findings illustrate the ambiguous link between stewardship and environmental sustainability, they support the notion that fishers’ knowledge can improve fisheries management, while also suggesting that future research needs to pay more attention to how stewardship is empirically manifested. Overall, the thesis advances the understanding of stewardship by highlighting the social-ecological dynamics of local resource use.
|
|
| 18. |
- Björkvik, Emma, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish small-scale fisheries in the Baltic Sea : Decline, diversity and development
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Small-Scale Fisheries in Europe. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030373702 - 9783030373719 ; , s. 559-579
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Can Swedish small-scale fisheries escape decline and live up to their attributed potential to make fisheries more sustainable? Here we address this question by highlighting diversity within these fisheries. Through a specific focus on the Baltic Sea, we demonstrate that small-scale fisheries, defined by scale of operation, are neither sustainable nor unsustainable and have different social and ecological impacts. Based on our analysis we discuss general opportunities and challenges for future development of Swedish small-scale fisheries. Opportunities exist in connection to the creation of niche-products and branding fish as a local and/or exclusive commodity, while major challenges are linked to complexity and extensiveness of regulations, lack of recruitment of new fishers, and ecological sustainability of fishing practices. We argue that attention to diversity in Swedish small-scale fisheries has to be the starting point for meeting future challenges and fulfilling their attributed potential as a sustainable primary production sector.
|
|
| 19. |
- Björkvik, Emma, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Why fishers end up in social-ecological traps : a case study of Swedish eel fisheries in the Baltic Sea
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 25:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unsustainable fishing can be surprisingly persistent despite devastating social, economic, and ecological consequences. Sustainability science literature suggests that the persistence of unsustainable fisheries can be understood as a social-ecological trap. Few studies have explicitly acknowledged the role of historical legacies for the development of social-ecological traps. Here, we investigate why fishers sometimes end up in social-ecological traps through a reconstruction of the historical interplay between fishers’ motivations, capacities, and opportunities to fish. We focus on the case of a Swedish fishery targeting the critically endangered European eel (Anguilla Anguilla) in the Baltic Sea. We performed the case study using a unique quantitative data set of social and ecological variables that spans over eight decades, in combination with earlier literature and interviews with fishers and fisheries experts. Our analysis reveals that Swedish archipelago fishers are highly dependent on the eel to maintain their fishing livelihood. The dependence on the eel originates from the 1930s, when fishers chose to intensify fishing for this species to ensure future incomes. The dependence persisted over time because of a series of changes, including improved eel fishing technology, heightened competition over catch, reduced opportunities to target other species, implementation of an eel fishing license, and the fishers’ capacity and motivation to deal with dwindling catches. Our study confirms that social-ecological traps are path-dependent processes. In terms of management, this finding means that it becomes progressively more difficult to escape the social-ecological trap with the passage of time. The longer entrapment endures, the more effort it takes and the bigger change it requires to return to a situation where fishers have more options so that unsustainable practices can be avoided. We conclude that fisheries policies need to be based on the premise that unsustainable fishing emerges through multiple rather than single causes.
|
|
| 20. |
- Boonstra, Wiebren J., et al.
(författare)
-
Classifying fishers' behaviour. An invitation to fishing styles
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Fish and Fisheries. - : Wiley. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 17:1, s. 78-100
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study and classification of fishers’ behaviour remains a much debated topic. There is a tension between detailed empirical studies, which highlight the variety and diversity of fisheries, and the parsimony and generalization required to satisfy science and policy demands. This study contributes to this debate. The first sec- tion reviews quantitative methods currently used for classifying fishing practices. The review uncovers significant weaknesses in quantitative classification methods, which, we argue, can be improved through the complementary use of qualitative methods. To this purpose, we introduce the concept of ‘fishing style’, which integrates quantitative classification methods with qualitative analysis. We explain the scientific premises of the fishing-style concept, outline a general methodological framework and present a fishing-style analysis of Swedish Baltic Sea fisheries. Based on these results, we conclude that it is possible to classify fishing practices in a rel- atively uniform and limited number of styles that can highlight the rich, empirical diversity of fishers’ behaviour. We therefore propose that fishing-style analysis, based on an integration of quantitative and qualitative methods, can be an impor- tant step towards more effective and sustainable fisheries management.
|
|
| 21. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano, et al.
(författare)
-
Recent phenological shifts of migratory birds at a Mediterranean spring stopover site: Species wintering in the Sahel advance passage more than tropical winterers
- 2020
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spring migration phenology is shifting towards earlier dates as a response to climate change in many bird species. However, the patterns of change might not be the same for all species, populations, sex and age classes. In particular, patterns of change could differ between species with different ecology. We analyzed 18 years of standardized bird capture data at a spring stopover site on the island of Ponza, Italy, to determine species-specific rates of phenological change for 30 species following the crossing of the Mediterranean Sea. The advancement of spring passage was more pronounced in species wintering in Northern Africa (i.e. short-distance migrants) and in the Sahel zone. Only males from species wintering further South in the forests of central Africa advanced their passage, with no effect on the overall peak date of passage of the species. The migration window on Ponza broadened in many species, suggesting that early migrants within a species are advancing their migration more than late migrants. These data suggest that the cues available to the birds to adjust departure might be changing at different rates depending on wintering location and habitat, or that early migrants of different species might be responding differently to changing conditions along the route. However, more data on departure time from the wintering areas are required to understand the mechanisms underlying such phenological changes.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Cardinale, Massimiliano, et al.
(författare)
-
Something old, something new: Historical perspectives provide lessons for blue growth agendas
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Fish and Fisheries. - : Wiley. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 21, s. 774-796
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of "blue growth," which aims to promote the growth of ocean economies while holistically managing marine socioecological systems, is emerging within national and international marine policy. The concept is often promoted as being novel; however, we show that historical analogies exist that can provide insights for contemporary planning and implementation of blue growth. Using a case-study approach based on expert knowledge, we identified 20 historical fisheries or aquaculture examples from 13 countries, spanning the last 40-800 years, that we contend embody blue growth concepts. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that blue growth has been investigated across such broad spatial and temporal scales. The past societies managed to balance exploitation with equitable access, ecological integrity and/or economic growth for varying periods of time. Four main trajectories existed that led to the success or failure of blue growth. Success was linked to equitable rather than open access, innovation and management that was responsive, holistic and based on scientific knowledge and monitoring. The inability to achieve or maintain blue growth resulted from failures to address limits to industry growth and/or anticipate the impacts of adverse extrinsic events and drivers (e.g. changes in international markets, war), the prioritization of short-term gains over long-term sustainability, and loss of supporting systems. Fourteen cross-cutting lessons and 10 recommendations were derived that can improve understanding and implementation of blue growth. Despite the contemporary literature broadly supporting our findings, these recommendations are not adequately addressed by agendas seeking to realize blue growth.
|
|
| 24. |
- Crona, Beatrice I., et al.
(författare)
-
Masked, diluted and drowned out : how global seafood trade weakens signals from marine ecosystems
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Fish and Fisheries. - : Wiley. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 17:4, s. 1175-1182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nearly 40% of seafood is traded internationally and an even bigger proportion is affected by international trade, yet scholarship on marine fisheries has focused on global trends in stocks and catches, or on dynamics of individual fisheries, with limited attention to the link between individual fisheries, global trade and distant consumers. This paper examines the usefulness of fish price as a feedback signal to consumers about the state of fisheries and marine ecosystems. We suggest that the current nature of fisheries systems and global markets prevent transmission of such price signals from source fisheries to consumers. We propose several mechanisms that combine to weaken price signals, and present one example - the North Sea cod - to show how these mechanisms can be tested. The lack of a reliable price feedback to consumers represents a challenge for sustainable fisheries governance. We therefore propose three complimentary approaches to address the missing feedback: (i) strengthening information flow through improved traceability and visibility of individual fishers to consumers, (ii) capitalizing on the changing seafood trade structures and (iii) bypassing and complementing market mechanisms by directly targeting citizens and political actors regarding marine environmental issues through publicity and information campaigns. These strategies each havelimitations and thus need to be pursued together to address the challenge of sustainability in global marine fisheries.
|
|
| 25. |
- Cross, Adam D. P., et al.
(författare)
-
Isotopic analysis of island House Martins Delichon urbica indicates marine provenance of nutrients
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Ibis. - : Wiley. - 0019-1019 .- 1474-919X. ; 156:3, s. 676-681
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of one of the largest colonies of House Martins in Europe on the small island of Stora Karlso, Sweden, led us to investigate the source of their food by analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. Carbon isotopic values of House Martin nestlings were the same as those of Common Guillemot Uria aalge nestlings fed on marine fish, but differed from local Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis nestlings fed on woodland insects. We infer that these House Martins fed their chicks almost exclusively on insects that had used nutrients derived from seabirds, indicating a dependence on the presence of a large seabird colony. We suggest by extension that some populations of island passerines of high conservation importance may also be dependent on nutrient subsidies from seabird colonies.
|
|
| 26. |
- Delsing, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
-
Susceptibility of sensor networks to intentional electromagnetic interference
- 2006
-
Ingår i: 2006 17th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 3952299030 ; , s. 172-175
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is reasonable to think that sensor networks might be part of society critical systems in the future. Therefor this paper discusses and shows the vulnerabilities of sensor networks to intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI). Principle ways of sensor network IEMI is addressed and followed by a discussion on schemes for protection. Experimental results for both in-band and exband interference from low- and high- level sources is reported. It is obvious that more emphasis has to be put on sensor networks susceptibility to IEMI, and in particular more experimental data is needed.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Habibovic, Azra, et al.
(författare)
-
Replacing side-view mirrors in trucks with integrated digital system to improve safety (DREAMS)
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Replacing rear-view mirrors on trucks by rear-view camera monitoring systems and in-vehicle monitors is expected to increase safety and reduce fuel consumption. This project generated knowledge on how such systems operate, if truck drivers find them useful and appealing, and to what extent they can improve traffic safety. Stoneridge’s camera-based rear-view mirror prototype mounted on a Scania truck served as a use case. The prototype includes cameras mounted close to the front corners of the truck cabin and in-vehicle monitors mounted in Apillars showing videos of the surroundings to truck drivers. An evaluation methodology has been developed and applied in tests at the test track AstaZero and on public roads. The evaluations involved both controlled and naturalistic experiments, as well as real-world use of the platform. These were conducted under various light and weather conditions and captured various traffic environments including urban, rural and highway driving. The evaluations showed that a high-level of safety and usability could be achieved, and provided valuable insights on further improvements of the prototype, which were later implemented within the project. A majority of the drivers found the prototype desirable and easy to get used to. The major safety advantages that they identified as compared to the conventional mirrors include: a) larger field of view, especially at intersections and roundabouts, b) direct visibility significantly improved, c) dirt from windshield does not affect visibility, and d) there is no need for body and head movements to increase field of view. Some of the drivers found that objects were too small on the monitors, especially on the passenger side, and that cameras reacted differently to different light sources. Some of the drivers expressed also a general anxiety for technical failures that may occur over the lifespan of the prototype. The project has also identified how expand the functionality of the prototype regarding driver support and automated driving. Several different concepts were suggested including: detection of vulnerable road users and other potential hazards in blind spots, free lane indication, estimation of distance to other vehicles and objects, and platoon monitoring. Examples of future research include further improvement of the prototype in terms of e.g., monitor placement and camera adaptability to different light sources, as well as further development and evaluation of the concepts providing additional functionality. The project was conducted by Stoneridge Electronics AB, Scania CV AB, and RISE Viktoria AB. It has increased technical maturity of Stoneridge’s camera-based rear-view mirror prototype and brought it closer to the market launch that is scheduled for 2018. It has also led to a general growth in innovation capacity in Sweden, and empowered strategic R&D activities and manufacturing in the country.
|
|
| 30. |
- Haider, L. Jamila, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
The undisciplinary journey : early-career perspectives in sustainability science
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057. ; 13:1, s. 191-204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The establishment of interdisciplinary Master’s and PhD programs in sustainability science is opening up an exciting arena filled with opportunities for early-career scholars to address pressing sustainability challenges. However, embarking upon an interdisciplinary endeavor as an early-career scholar poses a unique set of challenges: to develop an individual scientific identity and a strong and specific methodological skill-set, while at the same time gaining the ability to understand and communicate between different epistemologies. Here, we explore the challenges and opportunities that emerge from a new kind of interdisciplinary journey, which we describe as ‘undisciplinary.’ Undisciplinary describes (1) the space or condition of early-career researchers with early interdisciplinary backgrounds, (2) the process of the journey, and (3) the orientation which aids scholars to address the complex nature of today’s sustainability challenges. The undisciplinary journey is an iterative and reflexive process of balancing methodological groundedness and epistemological agility to engage in rigorous sustainability science. The paper draws upon insights from a collective journey of broad discussion, reflection, and learning, including a survey on educational backgrounds of different generations of sustainability scholars, participatory forum theater, and a panel discussion at the Resilience 2014 conference (Montpellier, France). Based on the results from this diversity of methods, we suggest that there is now a new and distinct generation of sustainability scholars that start their careers with interdisciplinary training, as opposed to only engaging in interdisciplinary research once strong disciplinary foundations have been built. We further identify methodological groundedness and epistemological agility as guiding competencies to become capable sustainability scientists and discuss the implications of an undisciplinary journey in the current institutional context of universities and research centers. In this paper, we propose a simple framework to help early-career sustainability scholars and well-established scientists successfully navigate what can sometimes be an uncomfortable space in education and research, with the ultimate aim of producing and engaging in rigorous and impactful sustainability science.
|
|
| 31. |
- Hamann, Maike, et al.
(författare)
-
Inequality and the biosphere
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Annual Review of Environment and Resources. - : Annual Reviews. - 1543-5938 .- 1545-2050. ; 43, s. 61-83
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rising inequalities and accelerating global environmental change pose two of the most pressing challenges of the twenty-first century. To explore how these phenomena are linked, we apply a social-ecological systems perspective and review the literature to identify six different types of interactions (or "pathways") between inequality and the biosphere. We find that most of the research so far has only considered one-directional effects of inequality on the biosphere, or vice versa. However, given the potential for complex dynamics between socioeconomic and environmental factors within social-ecological systems, we highlight examples from the literature that illustrate the importance of cross-scale interactions and feedback loops between inequality and the biosphere. This review draws on diverse disciplines to advance a systemic understanding of the linkages between inequality and the biosphere, specifically recognizing cross-scale feedbacks and the multidimensional nature of inequality.
|
|
| 32. |
- Hentati Sundberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
A mechanistic framework to inform the spatial management of conflicting fisheries and top predators
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 58, s. 125-134
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conflicts of interest between resource extraction and conservation are widespread, and negotiating such conflicts, or trade-offs, is a key issue for ecosystem managers. One such trade-off is resource competition between fisheries and marine top predators. Managing this trade-off has so far been difficult due to a lack of knowledge regarding the amount and distribution of prey required by top predators.Here, we develop a framework that can be used to address this gap: a bio-energetic model linking top predator breeding biology and foraging ecology with forage fish ecology and fisheries management.We apply the framework to a Baltic Sea colony of common guillemots Uria aalge and razorbills Alca torda, two seabird species sensitive to local prey depletion, and show that densities of forage fish (sprat Sprattus sprattus and herring Clupea harengus) corresponding to the current fisheries management target B-MSY are sufficient for successful breeding. A previously proposed fisheries management target for conserving seabirds, 1/3 of historical maximum prey biomass (B-1/3), was also sufficient.However, the results highlight the importance of maintaining sufficient prey densities in the vicinity of the colony, suggesting that fine-scale spatial fisheries management is necessary to maintain high seabird breeding success.Despite foraging on the same prey, razorbills could breed successfully at lower prey densities than guillemots but needed higher densities for self-maintenance, emphasizing the importance of considering species-specific traits when determining sustainable forage fish densities for top predators.Synthesis and applications. Our bio-energetic modelling framework provides spatially explicit top predator conservation targets that can be readily integrated with current fisheries management. The framework can be combined with existing management approaches such as dynamic ocean management, marine spatial planning and management strategy evaluation to inform ecosystem-based management of marine resources.
|
|
| 33. |
- Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Can fisheries management be quantified?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 48, s. 18-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Policy efforts to reduce fisheries impact have often created micro-management. Detailed regulations are restricting the fishing industry, and are also acknowledged to limit the progress towards sustainable management. Industry representatives, political bodies and scientists have therefore argued for more simplicity and transparency. Here, fisheries management is quantified in terms of trends in regulations for different Swedish fisheries in the Baltic Sea during the period 1995–2009. The results suggest that many fisheries are suffering from increased micro-management, but interestingly some fisheries showing a different trend.
|
|
| 34. |
- Hentati Sundberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
Correcting Bias in Survival Probabilities for Partially Monitored Populations via Integrated Models
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1085-7117 .- 1537-2693.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide an integrated capture-recapture-recovery framework for partially monitored populations. In these studies, live resightings are only observable at a set of monitored locations, so that if an individual leaves these specific locations, they become unavailable for capture. Additional ring-recovery data reduce the corresponding bias obtained in the survival probability estimates from capture-recapture data due to the confounding with colony dispersal. We derive an explicit efficient likelihood expression for the integrated capture-recapture-recovery data, and state the associated sufficient statistics. We demonstrate the significant improvements in the estimation of the survival probabilities using the integrated approach for a colony of guillemots (Uria aalge), where we additionally specify a hierarchical approach to deal with low sample size over the early period of the study.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
|
|
| 35. |
- Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
COVID-19 lockdown reveals tourists as seabird guardians
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 254
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The widespread lockdowns put in place to limit the spread of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) offers a rare opportunity in understanding how human presence influence ecosystems. Using data from long-term seabird monitoring, we reveal a previously concealed guarding effect by tourist groups on an iconic seabird colony in the Baltic Sea. The absence of tourists in 2020 lead to a sevenfold increase in presence of white-tailed eagles Haliaeetus albicilla, a sevenfold increase in their disturbance of breeding common murres Uria aalge and causing 26% lower murre productivity than the long-term average. Eagles did not prey on murres, but their frequent disturbances delayed egg laying and facilitated egg predation from herring gulls Larus argentatus and hooded crows Corvus cornix. Based on our findings, we suggest that human presence could be used as a strategic measure in guarding seabird colonies, and that a social-ecological systems perspective is vital for long-term success in protected area management.
|
|
| 36. |
- Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Does fisheries management incentivize non-compliance? Estimated misreporting in the Swedish Baltic Sea pelagic fishery based on commercial fishing effort
- 2014
-
Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 71:7, s. 1846-1853
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fisheries management agencies and fishing industry representatives depend on reliable estimates of fish biomass and mortality for the determin- ation of sustainable catch levels. Lack of data or misreporting may be reasons for unreliable stock assessment, which, in turn, may result in advice that does not reflect the availability of fisheries resources. It has been suggested that the mixed pelagic trawl fisheries in the Baltic represent a case of biased estimates of fish biomass and mortality resulting from misreporting. Here, we estimate the degree of misreporting in the Swedish pelagic fishery (1996 – 2009) and propose an approach for reconstructing historical catches based on commercial effort data. The analysis suggests that total catches have been underestimated during part of our study period and that systematic misreporting of species composition has taken place over the whole study period. The analysis also suggests that there is overcapacity in the fishery and that such economic incentive could explain the general patterns of misreporting. Applying our method for fisheries with suspected misreporting could significantly improve assessment accuracy, reduce uncertainty and thereby allow for a better link between catches and resource levels.
|
|
| 37. |
- Hentati Sundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Expeditionsrapport SPRAS 2020-2021
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten presenteras resultat från de två första åren (2020 och 2021) av den svenska delen av den internationella surveyen Sprat Acoustic Survey (SPRAS-Swe,) i Östersjön. Surveyen har pågått sedan 2001, men Sveriges deltagande började först 2020 efter leveransen av Sveriges nya forskningsfartyg R/V Svea. Expeditionens huvudsyfte är att ta fram fiskerioberoende data på förekomst i antal av skarpsill och sill. Dessa data tillsammans med andra nationers data utgör en grund i bestånduppskattningsarbetet som görs inom ICES arbetsgrupp WGBFAS. Vår målsättning är att testa möjligheten att se SPRAS-Swe som en ekosystemsurvey vilket innebär att utöver den datainsamling som krävs enligt manual även samla in annan typ av data för att öka kunskapen kring ekosystemet Östersjön. Målet är också att utveckla insamlings- och analysmetoder för att på sikt minska dödligheten av fisk.
|
|
| 38. |
- Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
FISH AND SEABIRD SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE AROUND THE LARGEST SEABIRD COLONY IN THE BALTIC SEA
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Marine Ornithology. - 1018-3337 .- 2074-1235. ; 46:1, s. 61-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the at-sea distribution of two auks (Common Murre Uria aalge, Razorbill Alca torda), two gulls (Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus, Herring Gull Larus argentatus), and Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo during the peak breeding season of 2014 around Stora Karlso, the main Baltic Sea seabird colony. Simultaneously, we quantified forage fish abundance and distribution using hydro-acoustics and pelagic trawling. The auks and gulls had a roughly similar distribution, foraging mainly about 40 km west-northwest from the colony. Great Cormorants were found only in inshore areas, close to the colony. Sprat Sprattus sprattus and herring Clupea harengus biomass was, respectively, 1.38 and 2.68 mt/km(2) averaged over the whole study area. These estimates represent a total biomass for small pelagic fish of 17 900 t in the 4 408 km(2) study area. The estimated prey consumption over the breeding season was 2 310 t for Common Murre and Razorbill combined. Thus, auks may have a non-negligible impact on their prey sources in the region. Common Murres foraged closer to the colony (median 36.3 km) than Razorbills (median 41.1 km), but we found no significant correlation between auk at-sea numbers and fish densities. We discuss how new technology can contribute to detailed monitoring of the interactions between seabirds and fish at different spatial and temporal scales, with the ultimate aim of providing a scientific basis for ecosystem-based management.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Iron triangles and subsidies : understanding the long-term role of the government on Swedish commercial fisheries
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - : RESILIENCE ALLIANCE. - 1708-3087. ; 24:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many natural resources have degraded and collapsed despite being managed under rigorous institutional frameworks set up to ensure rational exploitation. Path dependency of dysfunction institutions has been suggested as an explanation for such undesired outcomes. We explore the role of path dependency in natural resource management by studying a 100-year evolution of Swedish fisheries. We rely on three main types of original longitudinal data collected for the period 1914–2016: (A) policy documents, (B) government spending on management and subsidies, and (C) catch and fleet data. Our analysis contrasts the periods before and after the Swedish entrance into the European Union (1995) because this marks the year when fisheries policy became beyond the direct influence of the Swedish government. We uncover four pieces of evidence suggesting the existence of a path dependent dynamic in the pre-EU period: (1) despite increasing insights on the vulnerability of fish stocks to overexploitation, national policy goals in relation to fisheries continuously promoted incompatible goals of social and economic growth but without any reference to the sustainability of the biological resources; (2) the same policy instruments were used over long periods; (3) actor constellations within the fisheries policy subsystem were stable over time; (4) neither political regime nor macroeconomic variables and fisheries performance (industry production, oil price, landing values) could explain observed temporal variation in subsidies. We conclude that key policy actors in the pre-EU period formed an “iron triangle” and thereby prevented necessary policy changes. These national reinforcing feedbacks have been weakened since EU entrance, and the indicators for path dependency show broader involvement of stakeholders, a shift in spending, and policy goals that now explicitly address ecological sustainability.
|
|
| 42. |
- Hentati Sundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Management Forcing Increased Specialization in a Fishery System
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Ecosystems (New York. Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-9840 .- 1435-0629. ; 18:1, s. 45-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fisheries systems are shaped by dynamic social-ecological interactions that determine their capacity to provide ecosystem services. Human adaptation is often considered a key uncertainty, and there are few quantitative empirical analyses that address long-term social and ecological change in the analyses of fisheries systems. The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to understand how different drivers influenced the adaptations by fishers, and (ii) to evaluate different consequences of such adaptations, especially with regard to diversity of social and ecological links. We used the Baltic Sea as a case study, a system with different fisheries, largely managed with a single-stock advice, in a top-down basis. The study period 1995-2009 was characterized by profound inter-annual fluctuations in fish stock status and prices, and introduction of new types of management measures. We used multivariate statistical methods to define longitudinal changes in fishing tactics and strategies based on logbook data. Our results indicate that changes in fishing strategies have mainly been driven by regulations, and there were only weak linkages between fishing activities, fish stocks, and price fluctuations. We found contrasting trends between large- and small-scale fishers, where large-scale fishers became more specialized and inflexible, whereas small-scale fishers diversified over time. We conclude that management has had a dominating role in shaping fishing patterns, leading to a reduction of important qualities related to the resilience in this social-ecological system.
|
|
| 43. |
- Hentati Sundberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
Population trends and status of four seabird species (Uria aalge, Alca torda, Larus fuscus, Larus argentatus) at Stora Karlsö in the Baltic Sea
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ornis Svecica. - 1102-6812. ; 27, s. 64 - 93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The island of Stora Karlsö hosts the largest colonies of fish-eating seabirds in the Baltic Sea. However, recent and reliable estimates of the number of breeding pairs of the main species have been missing. Based on a complete census in 2014, we estimated the number of Common Guillemots Uria aalge to 15700 pairs, more than half (up to 70%) of the Baltic Sea population. The number has almost tripled since the early 1970s and the increase has been particularly strong the last 11 years, with an annual increase of 5.1%. We counted 24 600 individual adult Razorbills Alca torda and estimated it to correspond to a maximum of 12 300 pairs in 2015–2016 (census over two seasons). The colony has grown strongly; on average by 5.6% annually since the early 1970s, and Stora Karlsö now hosts up to 30% of the Baltic Sea population. Stora Karlsö also hosts colonies with about 300 pairs each of Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus and Herring Gull Larus argentatus. The gulls’ trends are negative, with an average annual decline the last 10-year period by 5.0% and 6.2%, respectively
|
|
| 44. |
- Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, 1983-
(författare)
-
SEA CHANGE : Social-ecological co-evolution in Baltic Sea fisheries
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sustainable management of natural resources requires an in-depth understanding of the interplay between social and ecological change. Linked social-ecological systems (SES) have been described as complex adaptive systems (CAS), which mean that they are irreducible, exhibit nonlinear dynamics, have interactions across scales and are uncertain and unpredictable. These propositions have however rarely been tested empirically, in part due to a lack of methodological approaches and suitable datasets. In this thesis, I address this methodological and empirical gap in a study of long-term change of Baltic Sea fisheries. In Paper I, we develop the concept of fishing style through integrating multivariate statistical analysis and in-depth interviews. We thereby identify an intermediate level of detail for analyzing social-ecological dynamics, embracing the case specific and context dependent approaches of the social sciences with the generalizable and quantifiable approaches from the natural sciences. In Paper II we ask: How has the Baltic Sea fishery been regulated over time, and can we identify a way to quantify regulations in order to be able to analyze their effects? We analyze all regulatory changes in Sweden since 1995 with a new methodology and conclude that there is a clear trend towards increased micro-management. In Paper III, we use the fishing styles developed in Paper I and examine how they have changed over time. We relate these changes to the dynamics of regulation (Paper II), as well as to the dynamics of fish stocks and prices. We conclude that regulation has been the main driving force for observed changes, but also that regulation has prompted significant specialization and decline in flexibility for fishers over time. These changes are unintended consequences and may represent a looming risk for the long-term sustainability of this social-ecological system. Paper IV zooms in on a particular fishery, the pelagic trawl fishery for sprat Sprattus sprattus and Atlantic herring Clupea harengus, mainly targeted for the production of fishmeal and fish oil. Suspicions of non-compliance in this fishery motivated us to apply a statistical approach where we used socioeconomic data to re-estimate the historical catches in this fishery (a novel approach to catch-reconstruction estimates). We found that catches had been significantly underreported over several years, with consequences for the quality of stock assessments and management. The study underlines the importance of understanding linked social, economic and ecological dynamics for sustainable outcomes. Finally, Paper V takes a longer historical look at the Baltic Sea fishery, using regionally disaggregated data from 1914-2009 (96 years), which were analyzed with a novel type of nonlinear statistical time-series methods (Empirical Dynamical Modeling). Our analysis explicitly recognized the potential nonlinear dynamics of SES and showed high predictability across regions of catches and prices of cod Gadus morhua and herring. The signal was generally nonlinear and predictability decreased strongly with time, suggesting that the dynamics of this SES are ever-changing. To our knowledge, this is the first long-term analysis of a SES using empirical data and methods developed from the CAS field of research. The main contributions of this thesis are the integrated analysis of social and ecological data, the development of novel methods for understanding SES dynamics, insights on the ever-changing nature of CAS and the quantitative analysis of management outcomes. Future work should focus on assessing the generality of these findings across a broad range of SES and evaluate alternative governance approaches given the complexity and uncertainty of SES suggested by this thesis.
|
|
| 45. |
- Hentati Sundberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
Seabird-induced natural mortality of forage fish varies with fish abundance: Evidence from five ecosystems
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Fish and Fisheries. - : Wiley. - 1467-2960 .- 1467-2979. ; 22, s. 262-279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forage fish populations often undergo large and rapid fluctuations in abundance. However, most of their predators are buffered against such fluctuations owing to their slower pace of life, which allows them to maintain more stable populations, at least during short periods of food scarcity. In this study, we investigated top-down processes exerted by seabirds on forage fish stocks in five contrasted marine ecosystems, compiling numerous data sets on seabird counts, diets, energetic needs and prey energy content and abundance. Off Norway, South Africa, Peru, Sweden and Scotland, we found that predation pressure-estimated as the proportion of a fish stock consumed by seabirds-was generally low (median = 1%), but increased sharply at low levels of prey abundance. When prey biomass decreased below 15-18% of its maximum recorded value, predation by seabirds became a source of important additional pressure on prey stocks (similar to 20% of prey biomass is consumed by seabirds). An earlier empirical study advocated for keeping forage stocks from falling below a threshold of 33% of long-term maximum prey biomass in order to safeguard seabird breeding success, but here we further suggest that a threshold of 18% should be considered as a limit not to be exceeded for the sake of the forage fish themselves, and below which extra cautious management of fisheries may be required. Nevertheless, despite exceptionally high rates of predation on some occasions, predation pressure was not correlated with prey dynamics, suggesting an absence of prey entrapment due to seabirds alone in these five ecosystems.
|
|
| 46. |
- Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Seabird surveillance: combining CCTV and artificial intelligence for monitoring and research
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation. - : Wiley. - 2056-3485. ; 9:4, s. 568-581
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecological research and monitoring need to be able to rapidly convey information that can form the basis of scientifically sound management. Automated sensor systems, especially if combined with artificial intelligence, can contribute to such rapid high-resolution data retrieval. Here, we explore the prospects of automated methods to generate insights for seabirds, which are often monitored for their high conservation value and for being sentinels for marine ecosystem changes. We have developed a system of video surveillance combined with automated image processing, which we apply to common murres Uria aalge. The system uses a deep learning algorithm for object detection (YOLOv5) that has been trained on annotated images of adult birds, chicks and eggs, and outputs time, location, size and confidence level of all detections, frame-by-frame, in the supplied video material. A total of 144 million bird detections were generated from a breeding cliff over three complete breeding seasons (2019–2021). We demonstrate how object detection can be used to accurately monitor breeding phenology and chick growth. Our automated monitoring approach can also identify and quantify rare events that are easily missed in traditional monitoring, such as disturbances from predators. Further, combining automated video analysis with continuous measurements from a temperature logger allows us to study impacts of heat waves on nest attendance in high detail. Our automated system thus produces comparable, and in several cases significantly more detailed, data than those generated from observational field studies. By running in real time on the camera streams, it has the potential to supply researchers and managers with high-resolution up-to-date information on seabird population status. We describe how the system can be modified to fit various types of ecological research and monitoring goals and thereby provide up-to-date support for conservation and ecosystem management.
|
|
| 47. |
- Hentati Sundberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
Sillgrisslorna på Stora Karlsö
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Fauna och flora. - 0014-8903. ; 111, s. 30-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 48. |
- Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, 1983-
(författare)
-
Social-ecological dynamics in a highly regulated fisheries system - Sources of resilience and limits to command-and-control management
- 2013
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sustainable governance of natural resources is challenged by the poor understanding of complex human-nature couplings. Major advancements in resilience theory, acknowledging the importance of social-ecological linkages and the self-organizing capacity of social-ecological systems, provides a new perspective on research in sustainability science. Yet, limitations in methods and data for integrated studies of social-ecological systems limit progress in science and management. This PhD project aims to generate and test specific hypotheses building on social-ecological systems theory using a variety of methods and a long-term, multidimensional empirical dataset of the Baltic Sea social-ecological fisheries system.In paper 1, we ask which factors have impacted change in fisheries patterns in the Baltic Sea over a 15 year period, 1995-2009. We conclude that the responses of fishers are largely driven by top-down management regulations, which has favoured increasing scale of operations and specialization, and that the capacity of fishers to engage in ecosystem stewardship is low. Resilience could be enhanced through an increased focus on governance actions that can stimulate the self-organising capacity of the systemPaper 2 focuses on one particular fishery, whose long-term dynamics have been strongly driven by an ecological regime-shift in the Baltic Sea. High potential profits and weak control has raised suspicions of widespread misreporting in this fishery. By developing a new method for reconstructing catches, we suggest that under-reporting has been significant, and likely driven by high economic incentives created by ill-designed policy. This misreporting risks contributing to a negative feed-back that substantially alters the management cycle, and thereby constitutes a part of a social-ecological trap in this fishery.The research within this project so far indicates that there are good prospects for using the Baltic Sea as case for integrated social-ecological studies, aiming at informing resilience theory. Some ideas on future direction of the research are outlined.
|
|
| 49. |
- Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Strong nonlinearities in an ever-changing social-ecological system : A data-driven empirical study of the historical development of the Baltic Sea
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding linked social and ecological dynamics is a pre-requisite for sustainable use of natural resources. Integrated quantitative studies of such linked systems have however been scarce due to lack of suitable methods and data. In this paper, we apply state-of-the-art nonlinear time series methods (EDM) to nine decades of spatially explicit fisheries data to investigate their empirical dynamics. We found that fish prices, and to a less extent fish catches, were predictable beyond linear change or temporal correlations, and highly nonlinear. Moreover, we found that the system appeared to be drifting, indicating gradual changes in internal feedback strength and thus limiting predictability over long time periods. Our results indicate that predictability in social-ecological systems may be relatively modest, which may call for an adaptive, risk-averse approach to ecosystem management.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
