| 1. |
- Staffas, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Further characterization of hormonal regulation of glutathione transferase in rat liver and adrenal glands. Sex differences and demonstration that growth hormone regulates the hepatic levels
- 1992
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Ingår i: Biochemical Journal. - : Portland Press. - 0264-6021 .- 1470-8728. ; 286 ( Pt 1), s. 65-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunoblot experiments and reverse-phase h.p.l.c. were used to study the levels of glutathione transferase subunits 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 in the liver and adrenal of intact and hypophysectomized male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. A sexual dimorphism in the levels of several of these isoenzymes and in their responses to hypophysectomy was demonstrated. In the liver of sham-operated females and males there are differences in glutathione transferase activities and isoenzyme pattern. H.p.l.c. analysis showed higher levels of subunits 1, 3 and 4 in male rats compared with females. In contrast with the pronounced sex differences in sham-operated rats, the isoenzyme patterns of hypophysectomized males and females were very similar. In the adrenal glands, however, a sexual dimorphism became apparent only after hypophysectomy, when the level of subunit 4 was increased 14-fold in the female, whereas the corresponding increase in the male rat was only 2.7-fold. The hepatic pattern of glutathione transferase subunits could be altered by continuous infusion of growth hormone to both sham-operated and hypophysectomized rats of both sexes. This treatment feminized the isoenzyme pattern in sham-operated males and a similar effect was obtained upon treating hypophysectomized rats with thyroxine, cortisone acetate and a continuous infusion of growth hormone.
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| 2. |
- Ståhle, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Designguide för Smarta gator
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Designguiden för smarta gator konkretiserar hur de fyra megatrenderna urbanisering, digitalisering, samhällsförändringar och miljöförändringar leder till nya krav och utformningsprinciper för framtidens gator. Guiden är tänkt att fungera som en inspiration och ett underlag för att förnya svensk gatupolicy på nationell, regional och kommunal nivå.Guiden innehåller utöver en inledning följande kapitel: en historisk tillbakablick (gatans utveckling), gatans användning, gatans delar, gatans design, designprocessen, guidens genomförande.
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| 3. |
- Bender, Anke
(författare)
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Environmental Effects from Wave Power : Artificial Reefs and Incidental No-take Zones
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Marine renewable technologies have rapidly been developing over the past decade. Wave power is one of the renewable sources and has the potential securing the renewable electricity production. However, all renewable energy extraction affects the environment in some way and for a true sustainable energy generation, environmental effects need to be investigated. Beside uncertain effects from the technologies to habitats or organisms e.g., collision risks, electromagnetic fields, noise, past studies have also shown benefits on diversity, size and abundance of species around marine renewable technologies as a result of habitat creation by the devices and fishery exclusion in designated offshore park areas.This thesis deals with environmental effects from heaving point-absorber wave energy converters developed at Uppsala University and deployed on the Swedish west coast at the Lysekil research site and the Sotenäs Project wave power park over a period of four years. The scope was the investigation of artificial reef effects from wave power foundations on local mobile, mega and macrofauna during visual inspections using scuba diving on the first hand. On the second hand, the effects from the incidental no-take zone on decapods and two sea pen species were investigated applying cage fishing and ROV seabed surveys. A third focus was on environmental monitoring around MRE sites and monitoring of MRE installations, both in an experimental and theoretical approach.In the Lysekil research site, the results highlight that abundance and diversity can be enhanced locally around wave power foundations compared to control areas. The abundance and size of decapods were not significantly different within the wave power park and up to a distance of 360 m outside of it. In the Sotenäs Project wave power park a positive effect on Nephrops norvegicus size and burrow density but not on abundance was found on a scale of up to 1230 m. Sea pen abundance was enhanced inside the wave power park. However, interannual variation was strong.In conclusion, wave power foundations can influence abundance and diversity of marine organisms around foundations on a very local scale (meters). With the methods in this study, the investigations did not reveal strong effects on the abundance and size of decapods on a larger scale up to 1230 m away from foundations as a result of the no-take zone. However, a focus should be put on a further development of environmental monitoring routines around MRE sites and their evaluation.
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| 4. |
- Brolen, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatocyte-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells specifically via definitive endoderm and a progenitor stage
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4863 .- 0168-1656. ; 145:3, s. 284-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human embryonic stem cells offer a potential unlimited supply for functional hepatocytes, since they can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells displaying a characteristic hepatic morphology and expressing various hepatic markers. These cells could be used in various applications such as studies of drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity, which however, would require a significant expression of drug metabolizing enzymes. To derive these cells we use a stepwise differentiation protocol where growth- and maturation factors are added. The first phase involves the formation of definitive endoderm. Next, these cells are treated with factors known to promote the induction and proliferation towards hepatic progenitor cell types. In the last phase the cells are terminally differentiated and maturated into functional hepatocyte-like cells. The cultures were characterized by analysis of endodermal or hepatic markers and compared to cultures derived without induction via definitive endoderm. Hepatic functions such as urea secretion, glycogen storage, indocyanine green uptake and secretion, and cytochrome P450-expression and activity were evaluated. The DE-Hep showed a hepatocyte morphology with sub-organized cells and exhibited many liver-functions including transporter activity and capacity to metabolize drugs specific for important cytochrome P450 sub-families. This represents an importantstep in differentiation of hESC into functional hepatocytes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Edlund, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Body image and compulsive exercise : Are there associations with depression among university students?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 27:7, s. 2397-2405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Mental health problems among university students have been reported to be significantly increasing and suggested to be associated with college drop-out. Body dissatisfaction and compulsive exercise are both constructs relevant for mental health problems in general and eating disorders in particular. This study examined associations between body dissatisfaction, compulsive exercise and self-reported symptoms of depression among Swedish university students.METHODS: Participants (n = 4262) are students in an ongoing cohort study, and data from the baseline assessment were used. Four linear regression models were built to explore the associations between body dissatisfaction, compulsive weight control exercise and depressive symptoms.RESULTS: Our findings showed that females reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction than males. Body dissatisfaction and compulsive exercise were associated with self-reported symptoms of depression in this non-clinical population. Results showed that compulsive exercise was negatively associated with reported symptoms of depression, while body dissatisfaction was positively associated with symptoms of depression.CONCLUSION: In line with previous research, there was a gender difference in body dissatisfaction where females displayed higher levels of dissatisfaction than males. Body dissatisfaction was positively associated with reported symptoms of depression, suggesting support of previous research indicating body dissatisfaction to increase mental health problems. Compulsive exercise was negatively associated with symptoms of depression suggesting a behavior negatively reinforced, supporting both constructs to be of interest for reported symptoms of depression in a non-clinical population of Swedish university students.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, cohort study.TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ID : NCT04465435.
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| 6. |
- Enroth, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in socioeconomic differentials in old age life expectancy in four Nordic countries : the impact of educational expansion and education-specific mortality
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Ageing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1613-9372 .- 1613-9380. ; 19:2, s. 161-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Overall progress in life expectancy (LE) depends increasingly on survival in older ages. The birth cohorts now reaching old age have experienced considerable educational expansion, which is a driving force for the social change and social inequality. Thus, this study examines changes in old age LE by educational attainment in the Nordic countries and aims to fnd out to what extent the change in national LEs is attributable to education-specifc mortality and the shifting educational composition. We used national register data comprising total 65+populations in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden to create period life tables stratifed by fve-year age groups (65–90+), sex and educational attainment. Difference in LE between 2001 and 2015 was decomposed into the contributions of mortality changes within each educational group and changes in educational composition. Increasing LE at all ages and in all educational groups coincided with persistent and growing educational inequalities in all countries. Most of the gains in LE at age 65 could be attributed to decreased mortality (63–90%), especially among those with low education, the largest educational group in most countries. The proportion of the increase in LE attributable to improved education was 10–37%, with the highest contributions recorded for women in Norway and Sweden. The rising educational levels in the Nordic countries still carry potential for further gains in national LEs. However, the educational expansion has contributed to uneven gains in LE between education groups, which poses a risk for the future increase of inequalities in LE.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Høj Jørgensen, Terese Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Ageing populations in the Nordic countries : Mortality and longevity from 1990 to 2014
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 47:6, s. 611-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Cross-country comparisons of mortality and longevity patterns of Nordic populations could contribute with novel insights into the compositional changes of these populations. We investigated three metrics of population ageing: the proportion of the population aged 75+ and 90+ years, the proportion of birth cohorts reaching 75 and 90 years, and life expectancy (LE) at age 75 and 90 years in Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Denmark and Finland, in the period 1990-2014.Methods: Demographic information was collected from national statistical databases and the Human Mortality Database.Results: All metrics on population ageing increased during the study period, but there were some cross-country variations. Finland experienced a notably steep increase in the proportion of 75+ and 90+ year olds compared to the other countries. Regarding the proportion reaching old ages, the Finnish lagged behind from the beginning, but females decreased this difference. The Danes were more similar to the other countries at the beginning, but did not experience the same increase over time. Gender-specific LE at age 75 and 90 years was similar overall in the five countries.Conclusions: Developments in cross-country variation suggest that survival until old age has become more similar for Finnish females and more different for Danish males and females compared with the other countries in recent decades. This provides perspectives on the potential to improve longevity in Denmark and Finland. Similarities in LE in old age suggest that expected mortality in old age has been more similar throughout the study period.
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| 9. |
- Meinow, Bettina, et al.
(författare)
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Trends over two decades in life expectancy with complex health problems among older Swedes : implications for the provision of integrated health care and social care
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - London, United Kingdom : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Due to population aging, it is essential to examine to what extent rises in life expectancy (LE) consist of healthy or unhealthy years. Most health expectancy studies have been based on single health measures and have shown divergent trends. We used a multi-domain indicator, complex health problems (CHP), indicative of the need for integrated medical and social care, to investigate how LE with and without CHP developed in Sweden between 1992 and 2011. We also addressed whether individuals with CHP more commonly lived in the community in 2011 compared to earlier years.Methods: CHP were defined as having severe problems in at least two of three health domains related to the need for medical and/or social care: symptoms/diseases, cognition/communication, and mobility. The Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD), a nationally representative survey of the Swedish population aged >= 77 years with waves in 1992, 2002 and 2011 (n approximate to 2000), was used to estimate the prevalence of CHP. Age- and gender-specific death rates were obtained from the Human Mortality Database. The Sullivan method was deployed to calculate the remaining life expectancy with and without CHP. The estimates were decomposed to calculate the contribution of changes from morbidity and mortality to the overall trends in LE without CHP.Results: Between 1992 and 2011, both total LE (+ 1.69 years [95% CI 1.56;1.83] and LE without CHP (+ 0.84 years [-0,87;2.55]) at age 77 increased for men, whereas LE at age 77 increased for women (+ 1.33 [1.21;1.47]) but not LE without CHP (-0.06 years [-1.39;1.26]). When decomposing the trend, we found that the increase in LE with CHP was mainly driven by an increase in the prevalence of CHP. Among individuals with CHP the proportion residing in care homes was lower in 2011 (37%) compared to 2002 (58%) and 1992 (53%).Conclusions: The findings, that an increasing number of older people are expected to live more years with CHP, and increasingly live in the community, point towards a challenge for individuals and families, as well as for society in financing and organizing coordinated and coherent medical and social services.
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| 10. |
- Sivertsson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatic differentiation and maturation of human embryonic stem cells cultured in a perfused three-dimensional bioreactor
- 2013
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Ingår i: Stem Cells and Development. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1547-3287 .- 1557-8534. ; 22:4, s. 581-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drug-induced liver injury is a serious and frequently occurring adverse drug reaction in the clinics and is hard to predict during preclinical studies. Today, primary hepatocytes are the most frequently used cell model for drug discovery and prediction of toxicity. However, their use is marred by high donor variability regarding drug metabolism and toxicity, and instable expression levels of liver-specific genes such as cytochromes P450. An in vitro model system based on human embryonic stem cells (hESC), with their unique properties of pluripotency and self-renewal, has potential to provide a stable and unlimited supply of human hepatocytes. Much effort has been made to direct hESC toward the hepatic lineage, mostly using 2-dimensional (2D) cultures. Although the results are encouraging, these cells lack important functionality. Here, we investigate if hepatic differentiation of hESC can be improved by using a 3-dimensional (3D) bioreactor system. Human ESCs were differentiated toward the hepatic lineage using the same cells in either the 3D or 2D system. A global transcriptional analysis identified important differences between the 2 differentiation regimes, and we identified 10 pathways, highly related to liver functions, which were significantly upregulated in cells differentiated in the bioreactor compared to 2D control cultures. The enhanced hepatic differentiation observed in the bioreactor system was also supported by immunocytochemistry. Taken together, our results suggest that hepatic differentiation of hESC is improved when using this 3D bioreactor technology as compared to 2D culture systems.
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| 11. |
- Sundberg, Gunlög, 1956-
(författare)
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Asymmetrier och samförstånd i rekryteringssamtal med andraspråkstalare
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In many institutional settings in today’s globalized job market, people have to deal with different role asymmetries in the co-construction of meaning. In this study, institutional, cultural and linguistic asymmetries are focused on in interviews at an employment agency in Sweden. Interviews between a recruiter and fourteen female job candidates with an academic background from other countries were video taped. Three sequences on personality were analysed: What do you consider to be your strengths? What personal characteristics do you want to improve? and What has made an impact on you? The general aim of the study was to gain knowledge of the processes whereby self-presentations are co-constructed and how participants try to reach common understanding when they do not share common linguistic and cultural resources.Theoretically, the study has a dialogical framework. Discourse is seen as the place where society, culture, situation, individual and language meet and where meaning is constructed through social action. Within an interactional sociolinguistics framework, an holistic approach to methods combines ethnography of communication with ethnomethodology and conversation analysis.The results show that the meaning-making project in this institutional situation is institutionally framed, culturally hidden, socially constrained by face-work and interactionally embedded. The recruiter orients to the institutional frame by embedding reformulations of the candidates’ answers in her uptake, often an adjective, which is filled in on a form and later transferred to a data base. The recruiter also takes on the face-work of the communicative dilemmas that the questions exhibit, for example by using explanations when candidates admit to low self-confidence. It is also shown that for some candidates the hidden agenda of the situation is concealed and that their communicative styles clash with the recruiter’s expectations.The asymmetrical situation can for the candidates be seen as both a resource and a constraint. The linguistic asymmetry is not foregrounded. Instead, the negotiation of meaning concerns the institutional and cultural frame rather than linguistic meanings. On the other hand, the recruiter shows a tendency to normalize the candidates according to her own institutional and cultural knowledge. This dynamic interplay between heterogenization and homogenization tendencies is an important feature in the interviews.
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| 12. |
- Sundberg, Louise
(författare)
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Better all the time? Trends in health and longevity among older adults in Sweden
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The health status of the aging population has become one of the major public health concerns today, as the number of older people increases in both absolute and relative terms and life expectancy continues to increase. The increases in life expectancy observed today is mainly the result of improved survival in old age, and as old age is a major risk factor for disease and disability, a major question of concern is to what extent increasing life expectancy comes with years with or without disability. Aim: The overarching aim of this thesis is to assess whether the increasing old age life expectancy in Sweden has been accompanied by years with or without disability, and to what extent the development differs by gender and education. In addition, the ages and causes of death that drive the increase in life expectancy are investigated. Finally, the burden of disability at exceptional old age is explored in countries with different mortality selection. Data: The data sources used in this thesis come from Statistics Sweden (SCB), The Swedish Cause of Death Register, the Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD), The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), and The 5-Country Oldest Old Project (5-COOP). Study 1: Remaining life expectancy free of severe-disability, mild disability, and mobility limitations at age 77 were estimated at several time points between 1992 and 2011. This was done by combining national mortality statistics from SCB with health data from SWEOLD and SHARE. Results are heterogeneous, but in general years without disability increased more than years with disability. A more favorable development was observed among women and the gender difference in disability-free life expectancy decreased over time. Study 2: The impact of age- and cause-specific mortality on the increase in life expectancy and the decrease in the gender gap in life expectancy between 1997 and 2014 was assessed by using data from the Swedish Cause of Death Registry. Results showed that decreasing mortality from ischemic heart disease in ages 65 and older explained most of the increase in overall life expectancy, and the convergence of the gender gap. On the other hand, certain causes of death had a diminishing impact on life expectancy, most prominently Alzheimer’s disease and unspecified dementia in the age group 85 and above. Study 3: Disability-free life expectancy at age 77 was estimated between 2002 and 2014 by educational attainment. Mortality statistics from SCB by education were combined with disability estimates by education from SWEOLD. Results show that the increase in disability-free life expectancy was greater than the increase in life expectancy for women with both higher and lower education, and for men with higher education. However, for men with lower education, both years with and without disability increased. Overall, there was a more positive development for those with higher education and the inequalities in disability-free life expectancy increased over time. Study 4: The main aim was to test if centenarians in countries with stronger mortality selection into exceptionally old age have a lower level of disability than centenarians in countries with a weaker mortality selection. The 5-COOP survey was used, which includes centenarians from five countries: Japan, France, Switzerland, Denmark, and Sweden. Results indicated that the probability of having disability was lower in the countries with a stronger mortality selection (Denmark and Sweden) than in countries with weaker mortality selection (Japan, France, Switzerland). Nevertheless, the highest probabilities of disability were found in Switzerland, which ranked in the middle in terms of mortality selection Conclusion: There was an overall positive development, where disability-free life expectancy increased more than total life expectancy during the study period, except for men with lower education. Women had greater gains in disability-free years and greater reduction in disabled years than men, and consequently the gender difference in disability-free life expectancy decreased over time. However, educational differences increased over time as those with lower education did not have the same favorable development as those with higher education. The major driver of the observed increase in life expectancy was reduced mortality from ischemic heart disease among those aged 65 and older. Among centenarians, however, the burden of health problems is high and appears to be greater in countries with a weaker mortality selection into exceptionally old age.
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| 13. |
- Sundberg, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing inequalities in disability-free life expectancy among older adults in Sweden 2002-2014
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 51:6, s. 835-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In an aging society with increasing old age life expectancy, it has become increasingly important to monitor the health development in the population. This paper combines information on mortality and disability and explores educational inequalities in disability-free life expectancy in the aging population in Sweden, and to what extent these inequalities have increased or decreased over time. Methods: A random sample of the Swedish population aged 77 years and above (n=2895) provided information about disability in the population in the years 2002, 2004, 2011 and 2014. The prevalence of disability was assessed by five items of personal activities of daily living and incorporated in period life tables for the corresponding years, using the Sullivan method. The analyses were stratified by sex and educational attainment. Estimates at ages 77 and 85 years are presented. Results: Disability-free life expectancy at age 77 years increased more than total life expectancy for all except men with lower education. Women with higher education had a 2.7-year increase and women with lower education a 1.6-year increase. The corresponding numbers for men were 2.0 and 0.8 years. The educational gap in disability-free life expectancy increased by 1.2 years at age 77 years for both men and women. Conclusions: While most of the increase in life expectancy was years free from disability, men with lower education had an increase of years with disability. The educational differences prevailed and increased over the period as the gains in disability-free life expectancy were smaller among those with lower education.
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| 14. |
- Sundberg, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in health expectancies among the oldest old in Sweden, 1992-2011
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 26:6, s. 1069-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Information on the extent to which older people's increasing life expectancy is characterized by good or poor health is important for policy and fiscal planning. This study explores trends in health expectancies among the oldest old in Sweden from 1992 to 2011. Methods: Cross-sectional health expectancy estimates at age 77 were obtained for 1992, 2002, 2004 and 2011 by Sullivan's method. Health expectancy was assessed by severe disability, mild disability and mobility problems. Changes in health expectancies were decomposed into the contributions attributed to changes of mortality rates, and changes in disability and mobility prevalence. Mortality data were obtained from Statistics Sweden and prevalence data from two nationally representative surveys, the Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Results: Years free from severe disability, mild disability and mobility problems increased in both men and women. Decomposition analysis indicates that the increase was mainly driven by the change in health status rather than change in mortality. In relation to total life expectancy, the general patterns suggest that women had a compression of health problems and men an expansion. Conclusion: Men's life expectancy increased more than women's; however, the increased life expectancy among men was mainly characterized by disability and mobility problems. The results suggest that the gender gap in health expectancy is decreasing.
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| 15. |
- Sundberg, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Why is the gender gap in life expectancy decreasing? The impact of age- and cause-specific mortality in Sweden 1997-2014
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 63:6, s. 673-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To enhance the understanding of the current increase in life expectancy and decreasing gender gap in life expectancy. We obtained data on underlying cause of death from the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden for 1997 and 2014 and used Arriaga's method to decompose life expectancy by age group and 24 causes of death. Decreased mortality from ischemic heart disease had the largest impact on the increased life expectancy of both men and women and on the decreased gender gap in life expectancy. Increased mortality from Alzheimer's disease negatively influenced overall life expectancy, but because of higher female mortality, it also served to decrease the gender gap in life expectancy. The impact of other causes of death, particularly smoking-related causes, decreased in men but increased in women, also reducing the gap in life expectancy. This study shows that a focus on overall changes in life expectancies may hide important differences in age- and cause-specific mortality. It also emphasizes the importance of addressing modifiable lifestyle factors to reduce avoidable mortality.
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| 16. |
- Sundberg, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Så håller du midsommarmaten fräsch
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm : AB Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :26 juni
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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