| 1. |
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| 2. |
- vanDoorslaer, E, et al.
(författare)
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Income-related inequalities in health: Some international comparisons
- 1997
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0167-6296. ; 16:1, s. 93-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents evidence on income-related inequalities in self-assessed health in nine industrialized countries. Health interview survey data were used to construct concentration curves of self-assessed health, measured as a latent variable. Inequali
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Auce, A, et al.
(författare)
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Reaction cross sections for 38, 65, and 97 MeV deuterons on targets from Be-9 to Pb-208
- 1996
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW C-NUCLEAR PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0556-2813. ; 53:6, s. 2919-2925
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reaction cross sections for deuterons have been measured for Be-9, C-12, O-16, Si-28, Ca-40,Ca-48, Ni-58,Ni-60, Sn-112,Sn-116,Sn-120,Sn-124, and Pb-208 at 37.9, 65.5, and 97.4 MeV.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Baker, C. P., et al.
(författare)
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Female adolescent singing voice characteristics : an exploratory study using LTAS and inverse filtering
- 2022
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Ingår i: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; , s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: To date, little research is available that objectively quantifies female adolescent singing-voice characteristics in light of the physiological and functional developments that occur from puberty to adulthood. This exploratory study sought to augment the pool of data available that offers objective voice analysis of female singers in late adolescence. Methods: Using long-term average spectra (LTAS) and inverse filtering techniques, dynamic range and voice-source characteristics were determined in a cohort of vocally healthy cis-gender female adolescent singers (17 to 19 years) from high-school choirs in Aotearoa New Zealand. Non-parametric statistics were used to determine associations and significant differences. Results: Wide intersubject variation was seen between dynamic range, spectral measures of harmonic organisation (formant cluster prominence, FCP), noise components in the spectrum (high-frequency energy ratio, HFER), and the normalised amplitude quotient (NAQ) suggesting great variability in ability to control phonatory mechanisms such as subglottal pressure (Psub), glottal configuration and adduction, and vocal tract shaping. A strong association between the HFER and NAQ suggest that these non-invasive measures may offer complimentary insights into vocal function, specifically with regard to glottal adduction and turbulent noise in the voice signal. Conclusion: Knowledge of the range of variation within healthy adolescent singers is necessary for the development of effective and inclusive pedagogical practices, and for vocal-health professionals working with singers of this age. LTAS and inverse filtering are useful non-invasive tools for determining such characteristics.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Bennet, W, et al.
(författare)
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Incompatibility between human blood and isolated islets of Langerhans: a finding with implications for clinical intraportal islet transplantation?
- 1999
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 48:10, s. 1907-1914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The remarkable difference in success rates between clinical pancreas transplantation and islet transplantation is poorly understood. Despite the same histocompatibility barrier and similar immunosuppressive treatments in both transplantation procedures, human intraportal islet transplantation has a much inferior success rate than does vascularized pancreas transplantation. Thus far, little attention has been directed to the possibility that islets transplanted into the blood stream may elicit an injurious incompatibility reaction. We have tested this hypothesis in vitro with human islets and in vivo with porcine islets. Human islets were exposed to nonanticoagulated human ABO-compatible blood in surface-heparinized polyvinyl chloride tubing loops. Heparin and/or the soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) TP10 were tested as additives. Adult porcine islets were transplanted intraportally into pigs, and the liver was recovered after 60 min for immunohistochemical staining. Human islets induced a rapid consumption and activation of platelets. Neutrophils and monocytes were also consumed, and the coagulation and complement systems were activated. Upon histological examination, islets were found to be embedded in clots and infiltrated with CD11+ leukocytes. Furthermore, the cellular morphology was disrupted. When heparin and sCR1 were added to the blood, these events were avoided. Porcine islets retrieved in liver biopsies after intraportal islet allotransplantation showed a morphology similar to that of human islets perifused in vitro. Thus, exposure of isolated islets of Langerhans to allogenic blood resulted in significant damage to the islets, a finding that could explain the unsatisfactory clinical results obtained with intraportal islet transplantation. Because administration of heparin in combination with a soluble complement receptor abrogated these events, such treatment would presumably improve the outcome of clinical islet transplantation by reducing both initial islet loss and subsequent specific immune responses.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Cerutti, P. O., et al.
(författare)
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The socioeconomic and environmental impacts of wood energy value chains in Sub-Saharan Africa : A systematic map protocol
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The vast majority of households in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) depend on wood energy - comprising firewood and charcoal - for their daily energetic needs. Such consumption trends are expected to remain a common feature of SSA's wood energy production and supply chains, at least in the short- to medium-terms. Notwithstanding its importance, wood energy generally has low priority in SSA national policies. However, the use of wood energy is often considered a key driver of unsustainable management and negative environmental consequences in the humid and dry forests. To date, unsystematic assessments of the socio-economic and environmental consequences of wood energy use have underplayed its significance, thus further hampering policy debates. Therefore, a more balanced approach which considers both demand and supply dynamics is needed. This systematic map aims at providing a comprehensive approach to understanding the role and impacts of wood energy across all regions and aspects in SSA. Methods: The objective of this systematic map is to collate evidence from studies of environmental and socio-economic impacts of wood energy value chains, by considering both demand and supply within SSA. The map questions are framed using a Populations, Exposure, Comparators and Outcomes (PECO) approach. We name the supply and demand of wood energy as the "exposure," composed of wood energy production, harvesting, processing, and consumption. The populations of interest include both the actors involved in these activities and the forest sites where these activities occur. The comparator is defined as those cases where the same wood energy activities occur with i) available/accessible alternative energy sources, ii) regulatory frameworks that govern the sector and iii) alternative technologies for efficient use. The outcomes of interest encompass both socioeconomic and environmental impacts that can affect more than the populations named above. For instance, in addition to the direct socioeconomic impacts felt by participants in the wood energy value chain, forest dwellers may experience livelihood changes due to forest degradation caused by external harvesters. Moreover, intensified deforestation in one area may concurrently lead to forest regeneration in another.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Dowsey, M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Variations in pain and function before and after total knee arthroplasty : A comparison between Swedish and Australian cohorts
- 2017
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Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1063-4584. ; 25:6, s. 885-891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Preoperative pain and function is viewed as an important predictor of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes. We examined whether variations in pain and function outcomes existed at 12 months between two centres in Sweden and Australia, and whether this was explained by variations in patient presentation for TKA. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Patients from one centre in Australia (St. Vincent's Hospital (SVH), N = 516) and in Sweden (Trelleborg (TBG), N = 899) who underwent primary TKA between 2012 and 2013. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) was analysed pre- and 12 months' post TKA from which non-response to surgery was determined using the OMERACT-OARSI criteria. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between change in pain and function and surgery centre, adjusting for preoperative patient characteristics and surgical technique. Results: Despite worse preoperative outcomes in all subscales of the WOMAC for the SVH cohort, there were no clinically meaningful differences in 12-month WOMAC subscales nor change in WOMAC subscales between SVH and TBG. Almost identical proportions of patients were considered OMERACT-OARSI responders, 85.7% (SVH) and 85.9% (TBG), however for the SVH cohort 25 (4.9%) were moderate and 417 (80.8%) were high responders, compared to the TBG cohort of which 225 (25%) were moderate and 547 (60.9%) were high responders. Conclusion: Despite differences in preoperative presentation between 2 countries, improvements in pain and function and the proportion of individual who responded to TKA surgery at 1 year were similar. Factors related to poor response to TKA surgery require further elucidation.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Ek, L., et al.
(författare)
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Randomized phase III trial of low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin in addition to standard treatment in small-cell lung cancer : The RASTEN trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534. ; 29:2, s. 398-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Coagulation activation and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are hallmarks of malignant disease and represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer. Coagulation inhibition with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) may improve survival specifically in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients by preventing VTE and tumor progression; however, randomized trials with well-defined patient populations are needed to obtain conclusive data. The aim of RASTEN was to investigate the survival effect of LMWH enoxaparin in a homogenous population of SCLC patients. Patients and methods: We carried out a randomized, multicenter, open-label trial to investigate the addition of enoxaparin at a supraprophylactic dose (1 mg/kg) to standard treatment in patients with newly diagnosed SCLC. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), and secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), incidence of VTE and hemorrhagic events. Results: In RASTEN, 390 patients were randomized over an 8-year period (2008-2016), of whom 186 and 191 were included in the final analysis in the LMWH and control arm, respectively. We found no evidence of a difference in OS or PFS by the addition of enoxaparin [hazard ratio (HR), 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89-1.38; P=0.36 and HR, 1.18; 95% CI 0.95-1.46; P=0.14, respectively]. Subgroup analysis of patients with limited and extensive disease did not show reduced mortality by enoxaparin. The incidence of VTE was significantly reduced in the LMWH arm (HR, 0.31; 95% CI 0.11-0.84; P=0.02). Hemorrhagic events were more frequent in the LMWH-treated group but fatal bleedings occurred in both arms. Conclusion: LMWH enoxaparin in addition to standard therapy did not improve OS in SCLC patients despite being administered at a supraprophylactic dose and despite resulting in a significant reduction in VTE incidence. Addition of LMWH cannot be generally recommended in the management of SCLC patients, and predictive biomarkers of VTE and LMWHassociated bleeding in cancer patients are warranted.
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| 24. |
- Ekman, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Skala upp den befintliga digitala vården i Sverige
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dagens Medicin. - Stockholm : Bonnier. - 1104-7488.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ge Socialstyrelsen ett nationellt uppdrag att beställa och ersätta vårdgivare av digital vård, föreslår en grupp forskare med anledning av covid-19.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Developing and evaluating new policy instruments for sustainable waste management
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development (IJESD). - 1474-6778 .- 1478-7466. ; 11:1, s. 19-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to suggest a number of interesting policy instruments that can make the Swedish waste management system more sustainable. Approximately 60 suggestions for policy instruments were gathered through a number of workshops with stakeholders. These were further prioritised in a workshop with stakeholders and by the research team resulting in a list of 15 instruments: information to citizens and companies; tax on raw materials; weight-based waste collection fee; environmentally differentiated waste collection fee; waste minimisation in enterprises; 'Advertising brochures - yes, please!'; recycling certificates; developed collection systems; tax on incineration of waste from fossil fuels; tax on incineration of waste; including waste in green certificates for electricity production; tax on hazardous substances; labelling of goods with hazardous substances; improved control by authorities; differentiated VAT and ban on incineration of recyclable materials. Several policy instruments are needed that can complement each other.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Policy Instruments towards a sustainable waste management
- 2016
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Ingår i: Solid waste management: Policy and planning for a sustainable society. - : Apple Academic Press. - 9781771883740 - 9780429091650 ; , s. 185-246, s. 185-246
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Gezelius, E., et al.
(författare)
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Low-molecular-weight heparin adherence and effects on survival within a randomised phase III lung cancer trial (RASTEN)
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 118, s. 82-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Coagulation activation is a hallmark of cancer, and anticoagulants have shown tumour-inhibiting properties. However, recent trials have failed to demonstrate improved survival with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in cancer populations. This has raised the question of suboptimal adherence as a possible explanation for the lack of benefit. Still, there is no standardised method to directly monitor LMWH in patient plasma. Here, we directly determine LMWH levels in patients using the Heparin Red assay to objectively assess adherence and how this associates with the patient outcome in the RASTEN trial. Methods: RASTEN is a multicentre, randomised phase III trial investigating if the addition of LMWH to standard therapy can improve survival in small-cell lung cancer. LMWH was measured in plasma (N = 258) by the Heparin Red assay and compared with the anti-factor Xa (anti-FXa) activity assay. Results: Both methods could differentiate patients in the LMWH arm from the control arm and patients receiving therapeutic LMWH owing to thrombosis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis yielded adherence rates of 85% for anti-FXa and 68% for Heparin Red. No survival benefits were found in the adherent subgroup compared with the control arm (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95-1.67; P = 0.105 and HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.89-1.60; P = 0.248 for anti-FXa and Heparin Red, respectively). Heparin Red could define patients with high probability of adherence to LMWH treatment, which warrants prospective studies for further validation. Our finding that the LMWH-adherent subpopulation did not show improved survival excludes that the negative outcome of RASTEN was due to poor adherence. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 32. |
- Granqvist, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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Paranasal sinus ventilation by humming
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 119:5, s. 2611-2617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gas nitric oxide (NO) is generated in the human paranasal sinuses and can be measured in nasally exhaled air. During humming, a marked increase in exhaled NO content has been observed. The acoustic phenomenon responsible for this evacuation of NO gas from the sinuses was analyzed. A tube model was constructed with a syringe containing NO gas attached radially. This tube was excited with an air stream modulated by a sine wave. Increased evacuation was observed whenever the syringe was not located at a pressure node of the exciting sine wave. A computer model of the system showed a good matching of observed pressure versus frequency data in the syringe resonator. The results thus suggest that the alternating pressure in the nasal cavity forces the air plug in the ostium of the paranasal sinus resonators to vibrate, thus expelling from the cavity NO gas, which is transported to free air by the exhalatory air stream.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Guadagnino, E., et al.
(författare)
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A collaborative study on the determination of hexavalent chromium in container glasses : A report of ICGITC2 "Chemical Durability and Analysis"
- 2001
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Ingår i: Glass Technology. - 1753-3554. ; 42:6, s. 148-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enforcement of the Packaging Directive 62194 has required the development of reliable reference methods for the determination of heavy metals in glass. After considering Pb, Cd and Hg TC2 has undertaken a collaborative study for the determination of hexavelent chromium. In this recommended procedure the glass sample is digested with a mixture of sulphuric acid and ammonium hydrogen fluoride at room temperature, then diphenylcarbazide is added to form a violet complex which is measured with a spectrophotometer. Decomposition efficiency, matrix effect and interferences produced by foreign ions are discussed. For container glasses of common production no alteration of the chromium valence state was highlighted due to the dissolution process. This is not assured for glasses containing other redox pairs that should be examined case by case. The final round robin conducted on a glass containing given amounts of barium, did not reveal any significant absorption of hexavalent chromium on the low soluble salts that are formed during the dissolution process. The method is sensible down to 2 mgCr6+/kg of glass.
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| 35. |
- Guadagnino, E., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of some parameters on the approximation of European Pharmacopoeia and ISO Standard 4802 : Reasons for harmonization - a collaborative study of ICG/TC2, `Chemical Durability and Analysis'
- 2000
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Ingår i: Glass Technology. - 1753-3554. ; 41:3, s. 91-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most widely used Standards to test the inner surface of glass containers for pharmaceutical use, European Pharmacopoeia and ISO 4802, may differ significantly in the results because of relevant differences in the procedures. In this study the rinsing procedures, effect of prolonging the cooling time to 95 °C, as prescribed by EN norms on safe operation practice, and the combination of the two factors were investigated. Nine laboratories participated in the collaborative study, the resulting extract solutions were analyzed both by titration and flame photometry. Results were evaluated by two way ANOVA with the aim of estimating three sources of variation: between procedures, between laboratories and random variation due to experimental error. For soda-lime-silica glass there is evidence that the different procedures influence the hydrolytic resistance of the inner surface of glass containers whichever method is used. Differences between laboratories were, however, much greater and results vary more due to which laboratory conducted the measurement rather than which procedure is employed. For borosilicate glass variations between procedures were found not to be significant. It is strongly recommended that ISO and EP shall adopt measures to minimize those factors that proved to exert great influence on reproducibility of results.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Havel, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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Eliminating paranasal sinus resonance and its effects on acoustic properties of the nasal tract
- 2016
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Ingår i: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; 41:1, s. 33-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The significance of nasal resonance and anti-resonance to voice production is a classical issue in vocal pedagogy and voice research. The complex structure of the nasal tract produces a complex frequency response. This complexity must be heavily influenced by the morphology of the paranasal cavities, but their contributions are far from being entirely understood. Detailed analyses of these cavities are difficult because of their limited accessibility. Here we test different methods aiming at documenting the acoustical properties of the paranasal tract. The first set of experiments was performed under in vivo conditions, where the middle meatus was occluded by means of targeted application of a maltodextrin mass under endoscopic control. The efficiency of this occlusion method was verified by measuring the nasal nitric oxide (NO) output during humming. In another experiment the frequency responses to sine sweep excitation of an epoxy mould of a nasal cavity were measured, with and without elimination of paranasal sinuses. The third experiment was conducted in a cadaveric situs, with and without maltodextrin occlusion of the middle meatus and the sphenoidal ostia. The results show that some nasal tract resonances were unaffected by the manipulation of the paranasal cavities. Providing access to a maxillary sinus resulted in marked dips in the response curve while access to the sphenoidal ostium caused only minor effects.
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| 38. |
- Hentati-Sundberg, J., et al.
(författare)
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Eagle effects on seabird productivity : Effects of a natural experiment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Altered human presence, which resulted from COVID-19 lockdowns, led to instant and wide-ranging effects on wildlife across the globe. While humans have gradually reappeared in nature after the lockdowns, it has remained unclear how persistent these lockdown effects have been on ecosystems. We have earlier reported an unexpected chain of events linked to the closing of the tourist traffic to an iconic seabird island in the Baltic Sea. When tourists disappeared, the number of white-tailed eagles rose dramatically, which had strong negative ef-fects on breeding common murres. Using data from the first post-lockdown season (2021), when human presence increased, we document a sudden return to pre-lockdown conditions with fewer eagles, lowered disturbance of murres and recovered murre productivity. However, eagle disturbances of murres remained in an isolated part of the island, revealing that the interaction between humans, eagles and seabirds occur at a small geographical scale. This suggests that small-scale mediation of human behavior can be effective in mediating animal behavior and thereby allow for co-existence between seemingly conflicting conservation goals.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Huezo-Diaz, P, et al.
(författare)
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CYP2C19 genotype predicts steady state escitalopram concentration in GENDEP
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-7285 .- 0269-8811. ; 26:3, s. 398-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In vitro work shows CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 contribute to the metabolism of escitalopram to its primary metabolite, N-desmethylescitalopram. We report the effect of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotypes on steady state morning concentrations of escitalopram and N-desmethylescitalopram and the ratio of this metabolite to the parent drug in 196 adult patients with depression in GENDEP, a clinical pharmacogenomic trial. Subjects who had one CYP2D6 allele associated with intermediate metabolizer phenotype and one associated with poor metabolizer (i.e. IM/PM genotypic category) had a higher mean logarithm escitalopram concentration than CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EMs) ( p = 0.004). Older age was also associated with higher concentrations of escitalopram. Covarying for CYP2D6 and age, we found those homozygous for the CYP2C19*17 allele associated with ultrarapid metabolizer (UM) phenotype had a significantly lower mean escitalopram concentration (2-fold, p = 0.0001) and a higher mean metabolic ratio ( p = 0.0003) than EMs, while those homozygous for alleles conferring the PM phenotype had a higher mean escitalopram concentration than EMs (1.55-fold, p = 0.008). There was a significant overall association between CYP2C19 genotypic category and escitalopram concentration ( p = 0.0003; p = 0.0012 Bonferroni corrected). In conclusion, we have demonstrated an association between CYP2C19 genotype, including the CYP2C19*17 allele, and steady state escitalopram concentration.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Ingemarsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Reaction cross sections for 65 MeV protons on targets from Be-9 to Pb-208
- 1999
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 653:4, s. 341-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reaction cross sections for 65.5 MeV protons have been measured for Be-9, C-12, O-16, Si-28, Ca-40, Ni-58.60, Sn-112.116.118.120.124, and Pb-208. The results are compared with optical model predictions using relativistic global potentials. (C) 1999 Elsevi
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| 47. |
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