| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Kerstin. M, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes mellitus in dog - : No evidence for a type-1-like phenotype
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in dogs, and is commonly proposed to be of autoimmune origin. Although the clinical symptoms of human type 1 diabetes (T1D) and canine DM are similar, the aetiologies may differ. The aim of this study was to investigate if autoimmune aetiology resembling human T1D is as prevalent in dogs as previously reported. Methods Sera from 121 diabetic dogs representing 38 different breeds were tested for islet cell antibodies (ICA) and GAD65 autoantibodies (GADA) and compared with sera from 133 healthy dogs from 40 breeds. ICA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence using both canine and human frozen sections. GADA was detected by in vitro transcription and translation (ITT) of human and canine GAD65, followed by immunoprecipitation. Results None of the canine sera analyzed tested positive for ICA on sections of frozen canine or human ICA pancreas. However, serum from one diabetic dog was weakly positive in the canine GADA assay and serum from one healthy dog was weakly positive in the human GADA assay. Conclusions/interpretations Based on sera from 121 diabetic dogs from 38 different breeds were tested for humoral autoreactivity using four different assays, contrary to previous observations, we find no support for an autoimmune aetiology in canine diabetes.
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| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Kerstin M, et al.
(författare)
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Lack of evidence for a role of islet autoimmunity in the aetiology of canine diabetes mellitus
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:8, s. e105473-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders in dogs and is commonly proposed to be of autoimmune origin. Although the clinical presentation of human type 1 diabetes (T1D) and canine diabetes are similar, the aetiologies may differ. The aim of this study was to investigate if autoimmune aetiology resembling human T1D is as prevalent in dogs as previously reported.METHODS:Sera from 121 diabetic dogs representing 40 different breeds were tested for islet cell antibodies (ICA) and GAD65 autoantibodies (GADA) and compared with sera from 133 healthy dogs. ICA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence using both canine and human frozen sections. GADA was detected by in vitro transcription and translation (ITT) of human and canine GAD65, followed by immune precipitation. Sections of pancreata from five diabetic dogs and two control dogs were examined histopathologically including immunostaining for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreas polypeptide.RESULTS:None of the canine sera analysed tested positive for ICA on sections of frozen canine or human ICA pancreas. However, serum from one diabetic dog was weakly positive in the canine GADA assay and serum from one healthy dog was weakly positive in the human GADA assay. Histopathology showed marked degenerative changes in endocrine islets, including vacuolisation and variable loss of immune-staining for insulin. No sign of inflammation was noted.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS:Contrary to previous observations, based on results from tests for humoral autoreactivity towards islet proteins using four different assays, and histopathological examinations, we do not find any support for an islet autoimmune aetiology in canine diabetes mellitus.
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| 3. |
- Ahlgren, Kerstin, M., et al.
(författare)
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Type I Interferon signature in Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever dogs with steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: Dogs of the breed Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever (NSDTR) are prone to develop a disease complex in some aspects resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human SLE patients have an increased mRNA expression type I interferon (IFN) regulated genes. However, it is unknown whether diseased dogs also display the typical type I IFN signature. Methods: To test canine sera for their capacity to induce type I IFN response Mardin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were cultured with sera from healthy dogs (n=25), immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) dogs with anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA+) (n=30) or dogs with steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) (n=25). mRNA expression of the genes MX1, IFIT1 and CXCL10 was measured by quantitative Real Time PCR. Results: A highly significant (p=0.0009) increase in mRNA expression of the type I IFN responsive gene MX1 was detected in cells stimulated by sera from dogs with SRMA, but not from IMRD ANA+ dogs. Expression of IFIT1 was twice as high in cells stimulated by sera from dogs with SRMA compared to both healthy dogs and ANA+ dogs. The mean expression of CXCL10 was nearly ten times higher in cells stimulated by sera from SRMA dogs than by ANA+ dogs and four times higher compared to cells stimulated by control dogs. Conclusion: Presence of type I IFN in sera from diseased NSDTR dogs was found in this study. This implies that this canine model can be used for identification of pathways of importance for autoimmune disorders in humans and for testing of novel therapeutic approaches. Our results can also be a step on the way towards personalized drugs in these dogs.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bianchi, Matteo, et al.
(författare)
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A Multi-Breed Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Canine Hypothyroidism Identifies a Shared Major Risk Locus on CFA12
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypothyroidism is a complex clinical condition found in both humans and dogs, thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In this study we present a multi-breed analysis of predisposing genetic risk factors for hypothyroidism in dogs using three high-risk breeds-the Gordon Setter, Hovawart and the Rhodesian Ridgeback. Using a genome-wide association approach and meta-analysis, we identified a major hypothyroidism risk locus shared by these breeds on chromosome 12 (p = 2.1x10(-11)). Further characterisation of the candidate region revealed a shared similar to 167 kb risk haplotype (4,915,018-5,081,823 bp), tagged by two SNPs in almost complete linkage disequilibrium. This breed-shared risk haplotype includes three genes (LHFPL5, SRPK1 and SLC26A8) and does not extend to the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II gene cluster located in the vicinity. These three genes have not been identified as candidate genes for hypothyroid disease previously, but have functions that could potentially contribute to the development of the disease. Our results implicate the potential involvement of novel genes and pathways for the development of canine hypothyroidism, raising new possibilities for screening, breeding programmes and treatments in dogs. This study may also contribute to our understanding of the genetic etiology of human hypothyroid disease, which is one of the most common endocrine disorders in humans.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bianchi, Matteo, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-genome genotyping and resequencing reveal the association of a deletion in the complex interferon alpha gene cluster with hypothyroidism in dogs
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : BMC. - 1471-2164. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hypothyroidism is a common complex endocrinopathy that typically has an autoimmune etiology, and it affects both humans and dogs. Genetic and environmental factors are both known to play important roles in the disease development. In this study, we sought to identify the genetic risk factors potentially involved in the susceptibility to the disease in the high-risk Giant Schnauzer dog breed.Results: By employing genome-wide association followed by fine-mapping (top variant p-value=5.7x10(-6)), integrated with whole-genome resequencing and copy number variation analysis, we detected a similar to 8.9 kbp deletion strongly associated (p-value=0.0001) with protection against development of hypothyroidism. The deletion is located between two predicted Interferon alpha (IFNA) genes and it may eliminate functional elements potentially involved in the transcriptional regulation of these genes. Remarkably, type I IFNs have been extensively associated to human autoimmune hypothyroidism and general autoimmunity. Nonetheless, the extreme genomic complexity of the associated region on CFA11 warrants further long-read sequencing and annotation efforts in order to ascribe functions to the identified deletion and to characterize the canine IFNA gene cluster in more detail.Conclusions: Our results expand the current knowledge on genetic determinants of canine hypothyroidism by revealing a significant link with the human counterpart disease, potentially translating into better diagnostic tools across species, and may contribute to improved canine breeding strategies.
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| 11. |
- Boström, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Design proposal of electrical system for linear generator wave power plants
- 2009
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Ingår i: 35TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS. - : IEEE. - 9781424446483 - 9781424446506 ; , s. 4180-4185
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an electrical system layout for a wave power plant connecting linear generators to the grid. The electrical power out from the wave energy converters must be converted before they can be connected to the grid. The conversion is carried out in marine substations that will be placed on the seabed.The paper presents experimental power data from a wave energy converter that has been in operation at the Lysekil research site since March 2006. Moreover, results and analyses from experiments and simulations from tests with the generator connected to a rectifier and filter are presented. A simulation is made to show the difference between having the generator connected to a linear load and a nonlinear load, which would be the case when the generator is connected to the grid.
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| 12. |
- Carlson, R. F., et al.
(författare)
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A method for measuring light ion reaction cross-sections
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 547:2-3, s. 541-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental procedure for measuring reaction cross-sections of light ions in the energy range 20 50 MeV/nucleon, using a modified attenuation technique, is described. The detection method incorporates a forward detector that simultaneously measures the reaction cross-sections for five different sizes of the solid angle in steps from 99.1% to 99.8% of the total solid angle. The final reaction cross-section values are obtained by extrapolation to the full solid angle.
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| 13. |
- Eriksson, Olle, 1967-
(författare)
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Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis Methods : with Applications to a Road Traffic Emission Model
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is always a need to study the properties of complex input–output systems, properties that may be very difficult to determine. Two such properties are the output’s sensitivity to changes in the inputs and the output’s uncertainty if the inputs are uncertain.A system can be formulated as a model—a set of functions, equations and conditions that describe the system. We ultimately want to study and learn about the real system, but with a model that approximates the system well, we can study the model instead, which is usually easier. It is often easier to build a model as a set of combined sub-models, but good knowledge of each sub-model does not immediately lead to good knowledge of the entire model. Often, the most attractive approach to model studies is to write the model as computer software and study datasets generated by that software.Methods for sensitivity analysis (SA) and uncertainty analysis (UA) cannot be expected to be exactly the same for all models. In this thesis, we want to determine suitable SA and UA methods for a road traffic emission model, methods that can also be applied to any other model of similar structure. We examine parts of a well-known emission model and suggest a powerful data-generating tool. By studying generated datasets, we can examine properties in the model, suggest SA and UA methods and discuss the properties of these methods. We also present some of the results of applying the methods to the generated datasets.
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| 14. |
- Fondell, Elinor, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity, Stress, and Self-Reported Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
- 2011
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 43:2, s. 272-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is the most common reason for seeking primary care in many countries. Still, little is known about potential strategies to reduce susceptibility. We investigated the relationships between physical activity level, perceived stress, and incidence of self-reported URTI. Methods: We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study of 1509 Swedish men and women aged 20-60 yr with a follow-up period of 4 months. We used a Web-based questionnaire to assess disease status and lifestyle factors at the start of the study. We assessed physical activity and inactivity as total MET-hours (MET task) per day and perceived stress by the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale. Participants were contacted every 3 wk via e-mail to assess incidence of URTI. They reported a total of 1181 occurrences of URTI. We used Poisson regression models to control for age, sex, and other potential confounding factors. Results: We found that high levels of physical activity (>= 55 MET.h.d(-1)) were associated with an 18% reduced risk (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.69-0.98) of self-reporting URTI compared with low levels of physical activity (< 45 MET.h.d(-1)). This association was stronger among those reporting high levels of stress (IRR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43-0.78), especially among men (IRR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.24-0.59), but absent in the group with low levels of stress. Conclusions: We found that high physical activity was associated with a lower risk of contracting URTI for both men and women. In addition, we found that highly stressed people, particularly men, appear to benefit more from physical activity than those with lower stress levels.
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| 15. |
- Gezelius, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating Levels of the Cardiovascular Biomarkers ST2 and Adrenomedullin Predict Outcome within a Randomized Phase III Lung Cancer Trial (RASTEN)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary Cardiovascular disease is common in patients with small cell lung cancer, partly reflecting its high correlation with smoking. Cardiovascular comorbidities may limit patient tolerance to cytotoxic drugs, thereby influencing the choice and intensity of treatment and, ultimately, patient survival. In light of the challenges relating to assessing cardiovascular status clinically in newly diagnosed lung cancer, objective biomarkers of cardiovascular vulnerability are warranted. Here, we show that circulating levels of ST2, an established biomarker in heart failure, and adrenomedullin, a vasodilator peptide known to reflect several aspects of cardiovascular status, strongly correlate with survival in small cell lung cancer. Our data, which are based on a large, randomized trial cohort, suggest the potential use of cardiovascular biomarkers in guiding clinicians in making individualized treatment decisions. Cardiovascular comorbidity is common in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and may significantly affect treatment tolerability and patient outcome. Still, there are no established biomarkers for objective and dynamic assessment as a tool for improved treatment decisions. We have investigated circulating levels of midregional-pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), midregional-pro-atrial-natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), copeptin (surrogate for vasopressin) and suppression-of-tumorigenicity-2 (ST2), all known to correlate with various aspects of cardiovascular function, in a SCLC cohort (N = 252) from a randomized, controlled trial (RASTEN). For all measured biomarkers, protein levels were inversely associated with survival, particularly with ST2 and MR-proADM, where the top versus bottom quartile was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.40 (95% CI 1.44-3.98; p = 0.001) and 2.18 (95% CI 1.35-3.51; p = 0.001), respectively, in the entire cohort, and 3.43 (95% CI 1.73-6.79; p < 0.001) and 3.49 (95% CI 1.84-6.60; p < 0.001), respectively, in extensive disease patients. A high combined score of MR-proADM and ST2 was associated with a significantly reduced median OS of 7.0 months vs. 14.9 months for patients with a low combined score. We conclude that the cardiovascular biomarkers MR-proADM and ST2 strongly correlate with survival in SCLC, warranting prospective studies on the clinical utility of MR-proADM and ST2 for improved, individualized treatment decisions.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Isaeva, Leyla, et al.
(författare)
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Amorphous W-S-N thin films: the atomic structure behind ultra-low friction
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 82, s. 84-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous W–S–N in the form of thin films has been identified experimentally as an ultra-low friction material, enabling easy sliding by the formation of a WS2 tribofilm. However, the atomic-level structure and bonding arrangements in amorphous W–S–N, which give such optimum conditions for WS2 formation and ultra-low friction, are not known. In this study, amorphous thin films with up to 37 at.% N are deposited, and experimental as well as state-of-the-art ab initio techniques are employed to reveal the complex structure of W–S–N at the atomic level. Excellent agreement between experimental and calculated coordination numbers and bond distances is demonstrated. Furthermore, the simulated structures are found to contain N bonded in molecular form, i.e. N2, which is experimentally confirmed by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Such N2 units are located in cages in the material, where they are coordinated mainly by S atoms. Thus this ultra-low friction material is shown to be a complex amorphous network of W, S and N atoms, with easy access to W and S for continuous formation of WS2 in the contact region, and with the possibility of swift removal of excess nitrogen present as N2 molecules.
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| 19. |
- Kádas, Krisztina, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides on TiC1-xAx surfaces (A=S, Se, Te) : A theoretical study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0884-2914 .- 2044-5326. ; 29:2, s. 207-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using first principle density functional calculations, we study the formation of 2D transition metaldichalcogenides (TMDs) on TiC1-xAx, (A = S, Se, and Te) surfaces. We examine the structural misfits between chalcogen-containing TiC and different TMDs and demonstrate that the conditions for formation of TMDs are fulfilled in TiC1-xAx. We also demonstrate the influence of chalcogens on the cohesive properties and electronic structure of the carbides. We find that they react with W and form W-dichalcogenides. In the experimentally reported Ti–C–S nanocomposite coatings, the carbide grains are embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. We discuss here the role ofthis matrix in the reaction. We propose that TiC1-xTex and TiC1-xSex are the favorable sources fordichalcogenide formation and suggest an alternative way to produce 2D materials in general. Furthermore, we argue that using Ti–C–Te or Ti–C–Se in nanocomposite coatings may be more advantageous for tribological applications than that of Ti–C–S.
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| 20. |
- Kimming, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass from agriculture in small-scale combined heat and power plants - A comparative life cycle assessment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 35, s. 1572-1581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results show that the biomass-based scenarios reduce greenhouse gas emissions considerably compared to the scenario based on fossil fuel, but have higher acidifying emissions. Scenario 1 has by far the best performance with respect to global warming potential and the advantage of utilizing a byproduct and thus not occupying extra land. Scenario 2 and 3 require less primary energy and less fossil energy input than 1, but set-aside land for willow production must be available. The low electric efficiency of scenario 3 makes it an unsuitable option. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Kimming, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of energy self-sufficiency systems based on agricultural residues for organic arable farms
- 2011
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 102, s. 1425-1432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The agricultural industry today consumes large amounts of fossil fuels. This study used consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) to analyse two potential energy self-sufficient systems for organic arable farms, based on agricultural residues. The analysis focused on energy balance, resource use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A scenario based on straw was found to require straw harvest from 25% of the farm area: 45% of the total energy produced from the straw was required for energy carrier production and GHG emissions were reduced by 9% compared with a fossil fuel-based reference scenario. In a scenario based on anaerobic digestion of ley, the corresponding figures were 13%, 24% and 35%. The final result was sensitive to assumptions regarding, e.g., soil carbon content and handling of by-products. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Korsgren, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Imagining a better future for all people with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Endocrinology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5029 .- 1759-5037. ; 15:11, s. 623-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For a person with type 1 diabetes mellitus, lifelong insulin treatment is the only therapeutic option. However, increased blood levels of glucose are just a symptom of impaired beta-cell function. Approaching the centenary of the first insulin injection, broadening of international therapeutic guidelines to improve diagnostics, as well as monitor and preserve beta-cell function, is warranted.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Leijon, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Wave Energy from the North Sea : Experiences from the Lysekil Research Site
- 2008
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Ingår i: Surveys in geophysics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3298 .- 1573-0956. ; 29:3, s. 221-240
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a status update on the development of the Swedish wave energy research area located close to Lysekil on the Swedish West coast. The Lysekil project is run by the Centre for Renewable Electric Energy Conversion at Uppsala University. The project was started in 2004 and currently has permission to run until the end of 2013. During this time period 10 grid-connected wave energy converters, 30 buoys for studies on environmental impact, and a surveillance tower for monitoring the interaction between waves and converters will be installed and studied. To date the research area holds one complete wave energy converter connected to a measuring station on shore via a sea cable, a Wave Rider™ buoy for wave measurements, 25 buoys for studies on environmental impact, and a surveillance tower. The wave energy converter is based on a linear synchronous generator which is placed on the sea bed and driven by a heaving point absorber at the ocean surface. The converter is directly driven, i.e. it has no gearbox or other mechanical or hydraulic conversion system. This results in a simple and robust mechanical system, but also in a somewhat more complicated electrical system.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Neiman, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Multiplexing DNA methylation markers to detect circulating cell-free DNA derived from human pancreatic β cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: JCI Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 5:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed that unmethylated insulin promoter fragments in plasma derive exclusively from β cells, reflect their recent demise, and can be used to assess β cell damage in type 1 diabetes. Herein we describe an ultrasensitive assay for detection of a β cell–specific DNA methylation signature, by simultaneous assessment of 6 DNA methylation markers, that identifies β cell DNA in mixtures containing as little as 0.03% β cell DNA (less than 1 β cell genome equivalent). Based on this assay, plasma from nondiabetic individuals (N = 218, aged 4–78 years) contained on average only 1 β cell genome equivalent/mL. As expected, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from β cells was significantly elevated in islet transplant recipients shortly after transplantation. We also detected β cell cfDNA in a patient with KATP congenital hyperinsulinism, in which substantial β cell turnover is thought to occur. Strikingly, in contrast to previous reports, we observed no elevation of β cell–derived cfDNA in autoantibody-positive subjects at risk for type 1 diabetes (N = 32), individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (<4 months, N = 92), or those with long-standing disease (>4 months, N = 38). We discuss the utility of sensitive β cell cfDNA analysis and potential explanations for the lack of a β cell cfDNA signal in type 1 diabetes.
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| 28. |
- Parwal, Arvind, et al.
(författare)
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Wave Energy Research at Uppsala University and The Lysekil Research Site, Sweden : A Status Update
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a summarized status update ofthe Lysekil wave power project. The Lysekil project is coordinatedby the Div. of Electricity, Uppsala University since 2002, with theobjective to develop full-scale wave power converters (WEC). Theconcept is based on a linear synchronous generator (anchored tothe seabed) driven by a heaving point absorber. This WEC has nogearbox or other mechanical or hydraulic conversion systems,resulting in a simpler and robust power plant. Since 2006, 12 suchWECs have been build and tested at the research site located atthe west coast of Sweden. The last update includes a new andextended project permit, deployment of a new marine substation,tests of several concepts of heaving buoys, grid connection,improved measuring station, improved modelling of wave powerfarms, implementation of remote operated vehicles forunderwater cable connection, and comprehensive environmentalmonitoring studies.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Sundberg, Jill, et al.
(författare)
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Tribochemically Active Ti–C–S Nanocomposite Coatings
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials Research Letters. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2166-3831. ; 1:3, s. 148-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate a new concept of self-adaptive materials, where sulphur is incorporated into TiC/a-C coatings and may be released in, for example, a tribological contact. By reactive sputtering with H2S, sulphur goes into the carbide to form a TiC x S y phase in an amorphous carbon matrix. The addition of sulphur lowers the friction against steel. Significantly lower friction is obtained against a tungsten counter-surface, as WS2 is generated in the contact. Annealing experiments and formation energy calculations confirm that sulphur can be released from TiC x S y . Ti–C–S coatings are thus chemically active in tribological contacts, creating possibilities of new low-friction systems.
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| 31. |
- Sundberg, Kay, et al.
(författare)
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Positive and negative consequences of childhood cancer influencing the lives of young adults
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 13:3, s. 164-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to describe how young adults who have survived childhood cancer consider their present life to be influenced by the cancer experience. A cohort of 246 long-term survivors were approached a median of 16 years after diagnosis. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted based on the Swedish version of the Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life-Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW). Interviews were analysed using content analyses. When asked if cancer negatively or positively currently affected their lives, 68% reported at least one negative consequence and 53% at least one positive consequence. The most frequently reported negative consequences include a variety of physical impairments and limitations in participating in activities; positive consequences describe a more positive view of life and of self. Women more often than men reported negative psychological impact, a changed body appearance and positive interaction with others. CNS tumours and combined treatment were somewhat associated to a higher extent of negative consequences. Overall, the results indicate that long-term survivors of childhood cancer are getting along quite well despite shortcomings.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Sundberg, Rosita, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized controlled study of a computerized limited education program among young adults with asthma
- 2005
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Ingår i: Respir Med. ; 99:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a computerized limited asthma education program, designed to suit young people. The study was conducted with 97 young adults (18-25 years) with asthma, 48 were randomized to the intervention group and 49 to the control group, and they were followed for 12 months. The intervention group completed an interactive computer program of 30-min duration providing information about asthma, mechanisms, trigger factors, allergies and medication use, which was followed by a 30-min discussion with a specialized asthma nurse. The control group followed the routine schedule for asthma outpatients. The outcomes of the study were number of hospital admissions, emergency visits, asthma symptoms, knowledge about asthma, lung function and quality of life. No effect was found regarding admission to hospital, emergency visits, prevalence of respiratory symptoms, knowledge of asthma or quality of life. However, forced exhaled volume in 1s (FEV(1)) increased significantly, mainly among the atopic subjects. In conclusion, an intervention with a limited asthma education program did not show an effect on asthma symptoms, asthma knowledge or quality of life parameters.
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| 35. |
- Teixeira, Pedro F., et al.
(författare)
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Assisting the implementation of screening for type 1 diabetes by using artificial intelligence on publicly available data
- 2024
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Ingår i: DIABETOLOGIA. - : SPRINGER. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The type 1 diabetes community is coalescing around the benefits and advantages of early screening for disease risk. To be accepted by healthcare providers, regulatory authorities and payers, screening programmes need to show that the testing variables allow accurate risk prediction and that individualised risk-informed monitoring plans are established, as well as operational feasibility, cost-effectiveness and acceptance at population level. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to contribute to solving these issues, starting with the identification and stratification of at-risk individuals. ASSET (AI for Sustainable Prevention of Autoimmunity in the Society; www.asset.healthcare) is a public/private consortium that was established to contribute to research around screening for type 1 diabetes and particularly to how AI can drive the implementation of a precision medicine approach to disease prevention. ASSET will additionally focus on issues pertaining to operational implementation of screening. The authors of this article, researchers and clinicians active in the field of type 1 diabetes, met in an open forum to independently debate key issues around screening for type 1 diabetes and to advise ASSET. The potential use of AI in the analysis of longitudinal data from observational cohort studies to inform the design of improved, more individualised screening programmes was also discussed. A key issue was whether AI would allow the research community and industry to capitalise on large publicly available data repositories to design screening programmes that allow the early detection of individuals at high risk and enable clinical evaluation of preventive therapies. Overall, AI has the potential to revolutionise type 1 diabetes screening, in particular to help identify individuals who are at increased risk of disease and aid in the design of appropriate follow-up plans. We hope that this initiative will stimulate further research on this very timely topic.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- von Bahr, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term complications, immunologic effects, and role of passage for outcome in mesenchymal stromal cell therapy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biology of blood and marrow transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1083-8791 .- 1523-6536. ; 18:4, s. 557-564
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty-one patients treated with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) or hemorrhagic cystitis between 2002 and 2007 were followed to investigate predictors of outcome, immunologic effects in vivo, and long-term survival. There was no correlation between in vitro suppression by MSCs in mixed lymphocyte cultures and outcome. Soluble IL-2 receptors were measured in blood before and after MSC infusion and declined significantly during the first week after MSC infusion (P = .03). Levels of interleukin-6 and HLA-G were unaffected. Infectious complications occurred several years after recovery from aGVHD. Cytomegalovirus viral load was high, and cytomegalovirus disease was common. Among patients recovering from aGVHD, 54% died of late infections, between 4 months and 2 years after MSC treatment. No increase in leukemia relapse or graft rejection was found. Children had a better survival rate than adults (P = .005). In GVHD patients, 1-year survival was 75% in patients who received early-passage MSCs (from passages 1-2) in contrast to 21% using later passage MSCs (from passages 3-4) (P < .01). We conclude that treatment with early-passage MSCs improved survival in patients with therapy-resistant GVHD. Death from infection was common in MSC-treated patients, but there was no increase in leukemia relapse.
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| 38. |
- Waters, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental results from sea trials of an offshore wave energy system
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 90:3, s. 034105-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A full-scale prototype of a wave power plant has been installed off the Swedish west coast and the overall wave energy converter concept has been verified. Initial results have been collected and significant insights discovered. Energy absorption dependency on load as well as output voltage and power is demonstrated. It is shown that great overload capability of the directly driven linear generator is critical, and indicated that, for resistive loads, optimal load does not vary with wave climate. Future grid supplying energy production would necessitate parks of wave power plants in order to reduce power fluctuations.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Waters, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Ocean wave energy absorption in response to wave period and amplitude : offshore experiments on a wave energy converter
- 2011
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Ingår i: IET Renewable Power Generation. - : IEEE Press. - 1752-1416. ; 5:6, s. 465-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of a wave energy converter to capture the energy of ocean waves has been studied in offshore experiments. This study covers 50 days during which the converter was subjected to ocean waves over a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes as well as three different electrical loads. The results present the wave energy converter??s energy absorption as a function of significant wave height, energy period and electrical load. It is shown that the power generated overall continues to increase with wave amplitude, whereas the relative absorption decreases towards the highest periods and amplitudes. The absorption reached a maximum of approximately 24% with the used combination of buoy, generator and electrical load. Absorption to cover for iron and mechanical losses has not been included. A brief study of the nature of the electromagnetic damping force has also been included in the study. The wave energy converter is of the technology that is being researched at Uppsala University and experimented on off the Swedish west coast at the Lysekil wave energy research site.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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