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- Ahlbäck, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A Nordic model of gender and military work? Labour demand, gender equality and women’s integration in the armed forces of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 72:1, s. 49-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article traces the political process towards full formal integration of women in the military professions in Scandinavia and Finland, investigating the shifting roles played by military labour demands and politics of gender equality. It provides the first comparative overview of these developments in the Nordic region. The analysis demonstrates the importance of historical continuity in women’s military participation. Due to military labour demands, women were throughout the post-war decades recruited into a range of auxiliary, voluntary and hybrid capacities in the Scandinavian armed forces. The reforms opening the military professions to women in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the 1970s were the outcome of a double crisis, as military needs for the regulation of these women’s organisational status coincided with new political demands for gender equality in the labour market. Corresponding reforms in Finland were delayed by the country’s lack of continuity in women’s military participation as well as its sufficient supply of male military personnel. A common Nordic model of gender and military work nonetheless emerged in the 1990s, marked by equal rights to military participation for women on a voluntary basis, combined with mandatory military conscription for men.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Heinemann, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Unpacking Coercion in Gendered War Labour
- 2023
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Ingår i: Labor history. - 0023-656X .- 1469-9702. ; 64:3, s. 225-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While in recent decades there have been growing bodies of literature on gender and war, on war and military labor, and on various forms and degrees of labor coercion, rarely have these areas – gender, coercion and war labor – been analyzed together as intersecting and interdependent themes. The special issue on Gender, War and Coerced Labor aims to fill this gap, and this introduction to the issue will not only present the five papers but also establish the three intersecting themes uniting these papers. Together the introduction and the papers contribute toward larger debates about the place of coercion, of degrees of exploitation, and of free/unfree continuums in a variety of gendered war work.
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| 4. |
- Hultin Rosenberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Contributivist views on democratic inclusion : on economic contribution as a condition for the right to vote
- 2022
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Ingår i: Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-8230 .- 1743-8772.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior to the democratic breakthrough in most Western countries, the right to vote was premised on a person’s economic contribution. No country today reserves voting rights exclusively to contributors, but economic contribution matters once again. It matters for immigrants’ access to citizenship and its associated political rights, and it matters for emigrants’ attempts to keep the right to vote in their ‘home country’. Economic contribution has attracted very little attention in the literature on democratic inclusion. The few scholars who have discussed it have rejected it based on its expected implications, without going into detail about its different instantiations and normative underpinnings. This paper lays the foundation for a more thorough critique. Informed by historical practices, we distinguish between two main types of economic contributivist regulations: those that condition the right to vote on the size of the contribution, and those that condition it on compliance with legally required contributions. We suggest that contributivism can be based either on property rights or on reciprocity. We conclude the paper by contrasting contributivism with established principles of democratic inclusion (such as the all-affected principle), and by arguing that, unlike these other principles, contributivism is incompatible with the democratic ideal of self-rule.
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| 5. |
- Strand, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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Solving ‘the Uniform Issue’ : Gender and Professional Identity in the Swedish Military
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - Denmark : Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - 2245-0157. ; 12:4, s. 3-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article contributes empirical knowledge about the shifting ways in which the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) has articulated and addressed ‘the uniform issue’, that is, matters concerning servicewomen’s access to adequate uniforms and other equipment, since the 1980s. Drawing on analytical tools employed within post-structural policy analysis, we demonstrate how ‘the uniform issue’ has gone from being articulated as a problem for servicewomen, and to be solved by servicewomen, to a problem for the SAF in its pursuit to become an attractive employer and a legitimate public authority. By shedding light on how ‘the uniform issue’ has been problematized in shifting ways since Swedish women first were allowed to serve in all military positions, this article also contributes important insights into broader scholarly debates about workplace discrimination, gender equality, and gendered occupational identities in military work.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sundevall, Fia, Docent, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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An Unfinished Suffrage Reform : Voting Rights in Sweden After the ‘Democratic Breakthrough’
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0346-8755 .- 1502-7716. ; 49:3, s. 376-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the complex and non-linear process of democratization in Sweden after the introduction of so-called universal suffrage in 1921. The research questions address the excluded groups post-1921, the reasons for their exclusion, and the historical processes that led to further expansions of suffrage rights. The study shows that the expansion of suffrage rights in Sweden after 1921 was not guided primarily by a desire to broaden voter inclusion and/or rectify the limitations of the1921 legislation. Instead, the motivations were embedded in a more intricate and multifaceted tapestry of political aims and alliances as well as situational factors that included various social, economic, and cultural shifts. The article concludes that the history of suffrage in Sweden after 1921 has been one of continuous negotiations, transformations, and adaptations, and that this provides valuable insights for addressing challenges of political inclusion and representation in the present and future.
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| 8. |
- Sundevall, Fia, 1974-
(författare)
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Det sista manliga yrkesmonopolet : Genus och militärt arbete i Sverige 1865-1989
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The last male bastion in the labour market: gender and military work in Sweden 1865-1989 Throughout history, gender has been a central component of the Swedish armed forces’ division of labour. Its most striking expression is that soldiers have almost exclusively been, and expected to be, male. In Sweden, the last barrier to women’s access to military work was removed in 1989. No other occupational area remained closed for women that long. The main objective of this thesis is to examine how women received full formal economic citizenship through the removal of the last formal barriers to women’s paid labor. A secondary objective is to analyze the perceptions and importance of duty and obligations in women’s economic citizenship. The author argues for the need of a historical perspective to understand the processes that led to gendered equal rights in access to paid military work. For this reason, the thesis explores continuity and change in women’s military work and the gendered division of labor of the Swedish armed forces, from the year of 1865, when women’s military work entered a new phase through the establishment of voluntary defense organizations. The study ends in 1989 when the last barrier to women’s access to military work was removed and women thus received full formal economic citizenship in terms of equal formal rights to choose one’s profession and compete in the labor market. Drawing on a wide range of printed and unprinted source material, the thesis highlights the interaction between practice, norms, and legislation, where practice (women’s military work and its developments) broadened the perceptions and norms (of women working in the military), thus creating conditions for a more widespread practice through legislative changes.
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