| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Wade, G. A., et al.
(författare)
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The MiMeS survey of magnetism in massive stars : introduction and overview
- 2016
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 456:1, s. 2-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The MiMeS (Magnetism in Massive Stars) project is a large-scale, high-resolution, sensitive spectropolarimetric investigation of the magnetic properties of O- and early B-type stars. Initiated in 2008 and completed in 2013, the project was supported by three Large Program allocations, as well as various programmes initiated by independent principal investigators, and archival resources. Ultimately, over 4800 circularly polarized spectra of 560 O and B stars were collected with the instruments ESPaDOnS (Echelle SpectroPolarimetric Device for the Observation of Stars) at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, Narval at the Telescope Bernard Lyot and HARPSpol at the European Southern Observatory La Silla 3.6 m telescope, making MiMeS by far the largest systematic investigation of massive star magnetism ever undertaken. In this paper, the first in a series reporting the general results of the survey, we introduce the scientific motivation and goals, describe the sample of targets, review the instrumentation and observational techniques used, explain the exposure time calculation designed to provide sensitivity to surface dipole fields above approximately 100 G, discuss the polarimetric performance, stability and uncertainty of the instrumentation, and summarize the previous and forthcoming publications.
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| 3. |
- Sawcer, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 476:7359, s. 214-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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| 4. |
- Sundqvist, Hanna S., et al.
(författare)
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Arctic Holocene proxy climate database - new approaches to assessing geochronological accuracy and encoding climate variables
- 2014
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 10:4, s. 1605-1631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a systematic compilation of previously published Holocene proxy climate records from the Arctic. We identified 170 sites from north of 58 degrees N latitude where proxy time series extend back at least to 6 cal ka (all ages in this article are in calendar years before present - BP), are resolved at submillennial scale (at least one value every 400 +/- 200 years) and have age models constrained by at least one age every 3000 years. In addition to conventional meta-data for each proxy record (location, proxy type, reference), we include two novel parameters that add functionality to the database. First, climate interpretation is a series of fields that logically describe the specific climate variable(s) represented by the proxy record. It encodes the proxy-climate relation reported by authors of the original studies into a structured format to facilitate comparison with climate model outputs. Second, geochronology accuracy score (chron score) is a numerical rating that reflects the overall accuracy of C-14-based age models from lake and marine sediments. Chron scores were calculated using the original author-reported C-14 ages, which are included in this database. The database contains 320 records (some sites include multiple records) from six regions covering the circumpolar Arctic: Fennoscandia is the most densely sampled region (31% of the records), whereas only five records from the Russian Arctic met the criteria for inclusion. The database contains proxy records from lake sediment (60 %), marine sediment (32 %), glacier ice (5 %), and other sources. Most (61 %) reflect temperature (mainly summer warmth) and are primarily based on pollen, chironomid, or diatom assemblages. Many (15 %) reflect some aspect of hydroclimate as inferred from changes in stable isotopes, pollen and diatom assemblages, humification index in peat, and changes in equilibrium-line altitude of glaciers. This comprehensive database can be used in future studies to investigate the spatio-temporal pattern of Arctic Holocene climate changes and their causes. The Arctic Holocene data set is available from NOAA Paleoclimatology.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andreasson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Fosfomycin versus Ciprofloxacin as transrectal prostatebiopsy antibiotic prophylaxis an open randomized controlled multicenter drug trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 83:Suppl. 1, s. S180-S180
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction & Objectives: Antibiotic prophylaxis are administered as a routine to decrease the risk for septic complications following transrectal prostate biopsy. Fosfomycin administered 1 h or more prior to biopsy has equal or better infectious complication rates as compared to Ciprofloxacin in both prospective and retrospective studies from countries with high rates of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate if Fosfomycin administered immediately prior to prostate biopsy was as effective as Ciprofloxacin in Sweden, a country with low rates of antibiotic resistance.Materials & Methods: A randomized, controlled, open, multicenter, non-inferiority-study including men of all ages undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy was performed in the urology departments of three Swedish hospitals. The total number of patients were planned for 3448, divided into low and high infection risk groups. The low-risk group was randomized to either one dose of Fosfomycin 3g or Ciprofloxacin 750mg before biopsy. The high-risk group was randomized to either two doses of Fosfomycin 3g prior to biopsy and one more 24 h after biopsy or Ciprofloxacin 500mg once prior to biopsy and then twice daily for three days. The drugs were administered orally. All patients had a rectal swab for culture before and after biopsy. The endpoint was hospitalisation due to urinary tract infection within 14 days from biopsy, follow-up was performed with a phone interview.Results: The safety board prematurely interrupted the study after 42 included patients due to an unusual high number of hospitalisations. Four out of 20 patients (20%), three in the low-risk group and one in the high-risk group, had been hospitalised due to urosepsis in the Fosfomycin group. One further patient described fever symptoms but did not seek health care. No patient in the Ciprofloxacin group (n=21) described symptoms of infection from the urinary tract. One patient was lost to follow-up. A one-sided binomial test showed a p-value of <0.001. Two of the four hospitalised patients had a positive blood culture for Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and one had a positive rectal swab culture for Pseudomonas species both before and after biopsy.Conclusions: The study does not support the use of Fosfomycin administered immediately prior to prostate biopsy. The results may have been affected by the unexpected high number of Pseudomonas infections, a bacteria where Fosfomycin often lack effect. If Fosfomycin is to be used it should be with caution if Pseudomonas has been seen in earlier cultures
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| 7. |
- Forsgren, K., Sundqvist, J., Hårsta, A., Kukli, K., Aarik, J. and Aidla, A., et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of Ta2O5 films prepared by ALCVD
- 2000
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Ingår i: Chemical Vapor Deposition, Fifteenth Int. Conf.. ; , s. 645-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Beecham, Ashley H, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:11, s. 1353-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal variants and identified 135 potentially associated regions (P < 1.0 × 10(-4)). In a replication phase, we combined these data with previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from an independent 14,802 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 26,703 healthy controls. In these 80,094 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 48 new susceptibility variants (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), 3 of which we found after conditioning on previously identified variants. Thus, there are now 110 established multiple sclerosis risk variants at 103 discrete loci outside of the major histocompatibility complex. With high-resolution Bayesian fine mapping, we identified five regions where one variant accounted for more than 50% of the posterior probability of association. This study enhances the catalog of multiple sclerosis risk variants and illustrates the value of fine mapping in the resolution of GWAS signals.
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| 12. |
- Daya, DDNB, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of mev atomic ions with molecular solids: Ion track structure and sputtering phenomena
- 1997
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Ingår i: RADIATION MEASUREMENTS. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1350-4487. ; 28:1-6, s. 101-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent results obtained in our research groups from studies of the interactions of swift, heavy atomic ions with molecular solids are concisely outlined. The focus is on material ejection (sputtering) and surface track formation. The experimental techniqu
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Göransson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Performance of a System for Rapid Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Gram-Negative Bacteria Directly from Positive Blood Culture Bottles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 61:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid administration of optimal antimicrobial treatment is paramount for the treatment of bloodstream infections (BSIs), and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results are essential. Q-linea has developed the ASTar system, a rapid phenotypic AST device. Here, we report the performance of the ASTar BC G- (Gram-negative) kit when assessed according to the ISO 20776-2:2007 standard for performance evaluation of in vitro diagnostic AST devices. The evaluated ASTar BC G- kit uses a broad panel of 23 antimicrobials for the treatment of BSIs caused by Gram-negative fastidious and nonfastidious bacteria across a range of 6 to 14 2-fold dilutions, including cefoxitin as a screening agent for AmpC-producing Enterobacterales. The ASTar system processes blood culture samples to generate data on MICs and susceptible, intermediate, or resistant (SIR) category. The automated protocol includes concentration determination and concentration adjustment to enable a controlled inoculum, followed by broth microdilution (BMD) and microscopy performed continuously to generate MIC values within approximately 6 h once the test is run on the ASTar system. The performance of the ASTar system was assessed against the ISO 20776-2:2007 standard BMD reference method. Testing was performed across three sites, with results from 412 contrived blood cultures and 74 fresh clinical blood cultures. The ASTar system was also tested for reproducibility, with triplicate testing of 11 strains. The accuracy study comprised 8,650 data points of bacterium-antimicrobial tests. The ASTar system demonstrated an overall essential agreement (EA) of 95.8% (8,283/8,650) and a categorical agreement (CA) of 97.6% (8,433/8,639) compared to the reference BMD method. The overall rate of major discrepancies (MDs) was 0.9% (62/6,845), and that of very major discrepancies (VMDs) was 2.4% (30/1,239). This study shows that the ASTar system delivers reproducible results with overall EA and CA of >95%.
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| 15. |
- Idelevich, E. A., et al.
(författare)
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Microbiological diagnostics of bloodstream infections in Europe-an ESGBIES survey
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 25:11, s. 1399-1407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: High-quality diagnosis of bloodstream infections (BSI) is important for successful patient management. As knowledge on current practices of microbiological BSI diagnostics is limited, this project aimed to assess its current state in European microbiological laboratories.Methods: We performed an online questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey comprising 34 questions on practices of microbiological BSI diagnostics. The ESCMID Study Group for Bloodstream Infections, Endocarditis and Sepsis (ESGBIES) was the primary platform to engage national coordinators who recruited laboratories within their countries.Results: Responses were received from 209 laboratories in 25 European countries. Although 32.5% (68/209) of laboratories only used the classical processing of positive blood cultures (BC), two-thirds applied rapid technologies. Of laboratories that provided data, 42.2% (78/185) were able to start incubating BC in automated BC incubators around-the-clock, and only 13% (25/192) had established a 24-h service to start immediate processing of positive BC. Only 4.7% (9/190) of laboratories validated and transmitted the results of identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of BC pathogens to clinicians 24 h/day. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry from briefly incubated sub-cultures on solid media was the most commonly used approach to rapid pathogen identification from positive BC, and direct disc diffusion was the most common rapid AST method from positive BC.Conclusions: Laboratories have started to implement novel technologies for rapid identification and AST for positive BC. However, progress is severely compromised by limited operating hours such that current practice of BC diagnostics in Europe complies only partly with the requirements for optimal BSI management.
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| 16. |
- Jansson, S. -A, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic evaluation of well-characterized allergy to staple foods in adults
- 2014
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 69:9, s. 1241-1247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate if total, direct, indirect, and intangible costs differ between a cohort of adults with well-characterized allergy to staple foods ('cases') and controls. Methods: Swedish adults with objectively diagnosed food allergy to cow's milk, hen's egg, and/or wheat were recruited at an outpatient allergy clinic. Controls age- and sex-matched to cases were recruited from the same geographic area. For assessing the household costs of food allergy, a disease-specific socioeconomic questionnaire, developed within EuroPrevall, was utilized. Results: Overall annual total costs at the household level were significantly higher among adults with food allergy compared with controls (the difference amounted to 8164 (sic) ), whereas direct costs did not differ between cases and controls. However, household healthcare costs and costs for medicines were significantly higher for cases vs controls. Furthermore, indirect costs were significantly higher for households with food-allergic adults vs households without food-allergic adults. Specifically, more time was spent on performing domestic tasks due to a family member's food-allergy-related illness, as well as shopping and preparing food, and seeking food-allergy-related information. Presence of food allergy also affected intangible costs. Adults with food allergy experienced overall lower health status compared with controls. Conclusions: Swedish adults with allergy to staple foods have higher total costs determined as direct, indirect, and intangible costs using the disease-specific socioeconomic questionnaire. Thus, total costs were 8164 (sic) higher per year in households with at least one adult allergic to staple foods compared with controls.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Protudjer, J. L. P., et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life in children with objectively diagnosed staple food allergy assessed with a disease-specific questionnaire
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 104:10, s. 1047-1054
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Among Swedish children of 0-12 years old, we investigated various food allergy-related exposures associated with health-related quality of life using a food allergy-specific questionnaire among children allergic to the staple foods cow's milk, hen's egg and/or wheat, and contextualised worse food allergy-associated health-related quality of life using a generic questionnaire versus controls. Methods: In total, 85 children with objectively diagnosed allergy to the staple foods were included as cases, and 94 children matched for age and sex were included as controls. We administered a food allergy-specific parent-completed questionnaire originally developed by EuroPrevall to cases only, and a generic health-related quality of life questionnaire (EuroQol Health Questionnaire, 5 Dimensions; EQ 5-D); to both cases and controls. Results: Hen's egg was the most common offending staple food, affecting 76% of cases. Approximately 7% of cases were allergic to all three staple foods. Parent-reported respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms were associated with worse health-related quality of life. Elements of disease severity [previous anaphylaxis (p < 0.001); epinephrine autoinjector prescription (p < 0.003)] were negatively associated with health-related quality of life. Cases had worse health-related quality of life measured by the EQ-5D compared to controls (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The use of a disease-specific questionnaire revealed that disease severity in children with objectively diagnosed allergy to the staple foods cow's milk, hen's egg and/or wheat is associated with worse health-related quality of life. The use of a generic questionnaire confirmed that cases have worse health-related quality of life than controls.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Barrio, Isabel C., et al.
(författare)
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Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 40:11, s. 2265-2278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic, low intensity herbivory by invertebrates, termed background herbivory, has been understudied in tundra, yet its impacts are likely to increase in a warmer Arctic. The magnitude of these changes is however hard to predict as we know little about the drivers of current levels of invertebrate herbivory in tundra. We assessed the intensity of invertebrate herbivory on a common tundra plant, the dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex), and investigated its relationship to latitude and climate across the tundra biome. Leaf damage by defoliating, mining and gall-forming invertebrates was measured in samples collected from 192 sites at 56 locations. Our results indicate that invertebrate herbivory is nearly ubiquitous across the tundra biome but occurs at low intensity. On average, invertebrates damaged 11.2% of the leaves and removed 1.4% of total leaf area. The damage was mainly caused by external leaf feeders, and most damaged leaves were only slightly affected (12% leaf area lost). Foliar damage was consistently positively correlated with mid-summer (July) temperature and, to a lesser extent, precipitation in the year of data collection, irrespective of latitude. Our models predict that, on average, foliar losses to invertebrates on dwarf birch are likely to increase by 6-7% over the current levels with a 1 degrees C increase in summer temperatures. Our results show that invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch is small in magnitude but given its prevalence and dependence on climatic variables, background invertebrate herbivory should be included in predictions of climate change impacts on tundra ecosystems.
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| 25. |
- Barrio, Isabel C., et al.
(författare)
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Publisher Correction to : Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome (vol 40, pg 2265, 2017)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 41:8, s. 1653-1654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The above mentioned article was originally scheduled for publication in the special issue on Ecology of Tundra Arthropods with guest editors Toke T. Hoye . Lauren E. Culler. Erroneously, the article was published in Polar Biology, Volume 40, Issue 11, November, 2017. The publisher sincerely apologizes to the guest editors and the authors for the inconvenience caused.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Daya, DDNB, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation damage features on mica and L-valine probed by scanning force microscopy
- 1995
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-583X. ; 106:1-4, s. 38-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The radiation damage tracks on the surface of muscovite mica due to single 78.2 MeV I-127 ions from the Uppsala EN tandem accelerator have been studied using tapping mode scanning force microscopy (TM-SFM). Conically-shaped hillocks having nearly circular
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| 28. |
- Eriksson, J, et al.
(författare)
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Damage cross sections and surface track dimensions of biomolecular surfaces bombarded by swift-heavy-ions
- 1996
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. ; 107:1-4, s. 281-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We measured damage cross sections of the peptide LHRH for various MeV ions with the same velocity and compared the data with simple hit theory calculations. We employed scanning force microscopy to measure dimensions of surface tracks in amino acid L-vali
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- ERIKSSON, J, et al.
(författare)
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HEAVY-ION-INDUCED SPUTTERING AND CRATERING OF BIOMOLECULAR SURFACES
- 1995
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-583X. ; 101:1-2, s. 142-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We measured the electronic-stopping-power dependences of mega-electronvolt atomic-ion-induced sputtering and cratering of bio-organic targets. We employed a collector method to study relative total yields of sputtered intact peptide molecules and scanning
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Eriksson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Municipal Solid Waste Management from a Systems Perspective
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 13:3, s. 241-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different waste treatment options for municipal solid waste have been studied in a systems analysis. Different combinations of incineration, materials recycling of separated plastic and cardboard containers, and biological treatment (anaerobic digestion and composting) of biodegradable waste, were studied and compared to landfilling. The evaluation covered use of energy resources, environmental impact and financial and environmental costs. In the study, a calculation model ( ) based on methodology from life cycle assessment (LCA) was used. Case studies were performed in three Swedish municipalities: Uppsala, Stockholm, and Älvdalen. The study shows that reduced landfilling in favour of increased recycling of energy and materials lead to lower environmental impact, lower consumption of energy resources, and lower economic costs. Landfilling of energy-rich waste should be avoided as far as possible, partly because of the negative environmental impacts from landfilling, but mainly because of the low recovery of resources when landfilling. Differences between materials recycling, nutrient recycling and incineration are small but in general recycling of plastic is somewhat better than incineration and biological treatment somewhat worse. When planning waste management, it is important to know that the choice of waste treatment method affects processes outside the waste management system, such as generation of district heating, electricity, vehicle fuel, plastic, cardboard, and fertiliser.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Developing and evaluating new policy instruments for sustainable waste management
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development (IJESD). - 1474-6778 .- 1478-7466. ; 11:1, s. 19-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to suggest a number of interesting policy instruments that can make the Swedish waste management system more sustainable. Approximately 60 suggestions for policy instruments were gathered through a number of workshops with stakeholders. These were further prioritised in a workshop with stakeholders and by the research team resulting in a list of 15 instruments: information to citizens and companies; tax on raw materials; weight-based waste collection fee; environmentally differentiated waste collection fee; waste minimisation in enterprises; 'Advertising brochures - yes, please!'; recycling certificates; developed collection systems; tax on incineration of waste from fossil fuels; tax on incineration of waste; including waste in green certificates for electricity production; tax on hazardous substances; labelling of goods with hazardous substances; improved control by authorities; differentiated VAT and ban on incineration of recyclable materials. Several policy instruments are needed that can complement each other.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Prager, C. M., et al.
(författare)
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Climate and multiple dimensions of plant diversity regulate ecosystem carbon exchange along an elevational gradient
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecosphere. - : Wiley. - 2150-8925. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impacts of warming on communities and ecosystems are predicted to be significant in mountain ecosystems because physiological processes, including rates of carbon (C) cycling, are often more temperature-sensitive in colder environments. Plant biodiversity can also influence C exchange, yet few studies integrate how biotic and abiotic factors may directly or interactively impact ecosystem C flux. Here, we examine the link between simultaneous changes in multiple dimensions of plant diversity and peak growing season ecosystem C uptake across a climatic gradient in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. We found that taxonomic diversity (species richness), functional diversity (functional evenness), and phylogenetic diversity (mean pairwise distance) were significantly and positively related to peak growing season ecosystem C uptake (i.e., net ecosystem exchange) when considered independently. However, when abiotic and biotic factors were integrated in a structural equation model, only plant phylogenetic diversity was significantly related to C uptake. In addition, we found that actual evapotranspiration (AET-a measure that integrates precipitation and temperature) affected ecosystem C exchange indirectly via its impact on the three dimensions of plant diversity that we examined. These findings highlight complex relationships among key measures of biodiversity and ecosystem C uptake in a rapidly warming ecosystem, and the possible mechanisms that underlie relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. They also point to the need for integrating multiple dimensions of biodiversity into studies of community and ecosystem ecology.
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| 46. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Schön, Thomas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrotyrosine localization to dermal nerves in borderline leprosy
- 2004
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 150:3, s. 570-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Nerve damage is a common and disabling feature of leprosy, with unclear aetiology. It has been reported that the peroxidizing agents of myelin lipids—nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite—are produced in leprosy skin lesions.Objectives To investigate the localization of nitrotyrosine (NT)—a local end-product of peroxynitrite—in leprosy lesions where dermal nerves are affected by a granulomatous reaction.Methods We investigated by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy the localization of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NT in biopsies exhibiting dermal nerves from patients with untreated leprosy.Results There were abundant NT-positive and iNOS-positive macrophages in the borderline leprosy granulomas infiltrating peripheral nerves identified by light microscopy, S-100 and neurofilament immunostaining. Immunoelectron microscopy showed NT reactivity in neurofilament aggregates and in the cell wall of Mycobacterium leprae.Conclusions Our results suggest that NO and peroxynitrite could be involved in the nerve damage following borderline leprosy.
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| 50. |
- Strålin, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of PCR/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry on whole blood for detection of bloodstream microorganisms in patients with suspected sepsis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 58:9, s. e01860-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blood culture (BC) often fails to detect bloodstream microorganisms in sepsis. However, molecular diagnostics hold great potential. The molecular method PCR/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) can detect DNA from hundreds of different microorganisms in whole blood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of this method in a multicenter study including 16 teaching hospitals in the USA (n=13) and Europe (n=3). First, on 2,754 contrived whole blood samples, with or without spiked microorganisms, PCR/ESI-MS produced 99.1% true positive and 97.2% true negative results. Secondly, among 1,460 patients with suspected sepsis (sepsis-2 definition), BC and PCR/ESI-MS on whole blood were positive in 14.6% and 25.6% of cases, respectively, with the following result combinations: BC+/PCR/ESI-MS-, 4.3%; BC+/PCR/ESI-MS+, 10.3%; BC-/PCR/ESI-MS+, 15.3%; and BC-/PCR/ESI-MS-, 70.1%. Compared with BC, PCR/ESI-MS showed the following sensitivities (coagulase-negative staphylococci not included): Gram-positive bacteria, 58%; Gram-negative bacteria, 78%; and Candida species, 83%. The specificities were > 94% for all individual species. Patients treated with prior antimicrobial medications (n=603) had significantly increased PCR/ESI-MS positivity rates compared with patients without prior antimicrobial treatment, 31% vs 22% (p<0.0001), with pronounced differences for Gram-negative bacteria and Candida species. In conclusion, PCR/ESI-MS showed excellent performance on contrived samples. On clinical samples, it showed high specificities, moderately high sensitivities for Gram-negative bacteria and Candida species, and elevated positivity rates during antimicrobial treatment. These promising results encourage further development of molecular diagnostics on whole blood for detection of bloodstream microorganisms in sepsis.
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