| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Claeson, Anna-Sara, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of volatile primary and secondary amines as NIT (naphthylisothiocyanate) derivatives
- 2004
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 378:4, s. 932-939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection was used for the structure elucidation of eighteen primary and secondary amines and ammonia derivatised with naphthylisothiocyanate (NIT). A fragmentation scheme was established using reference compounds and the scheme was applied to real air samples from a tyre repair shop and from the air above a bacterial culture. The sampling was performed using a solid sorbent, XAD-2, impregnated with NIT, and the derivatives were extracted with acetonitrile and analysed with LC-MS/MS. A three-step process was developed for screening and identifying of volatile amines. The first step, selected reaction monitoring; SRM was applied in order to screen the samples for NIT derivatives. In the second step, a precursor ion scan gave the [M+H]+ ion, and in the third step a product ion scan gave the fragments needed for identification. The detection limits varied between 0.12 and 0.25 ng μL−1 when screening for unknown derivatised amines. It was possible to separate and identify all the amines with the structural information obtained and the method proved to be general, sensitive and well suited for sampling and analysis of complex environmental samples.
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| 3. |
- Claeson, Anna-Sara, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on perceived air quality and symptoms of exposure to microbially produced metabolites and compounds emitted from damp building materials
- 2009
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : The Authors Journal compilation. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 19:2, s. 102-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work investigated perceived air quality and health effects fromexposure to low to high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emittedfrom damp building materials and a mixture of molds growing on the materials.A mixture of Wallemia sebi, Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium chrysogenum,Ulocladium botrytis, and Aspergillus versicolor was inoculated on pine wood andparticle board. In Study 1, each of 27 participants took part in two exposureconditions, one with air from molds growing on building materials (low levels ofemissions from the building materials and the mold mixture) and one with blankair, both conditions during 60 min. In Study 2, each of 24 participants wasexposed (10 min) four times in a 2 · 2 design randomly to air from moldybuilding materials (high levels) and blank, with and without nose-clip. Theparticipants rated air quality and symptoms before, during, and after eachexposure. Self-reported tear-film break-up time and attention and processingspeed (Study 1) was also measured. Exposure to high VOC levels increased thereports of perceived poor air quality, and in the condition without nose-clipenhanced skin symptoms were also noted. No such outcome was observed whenexposing the participants to low VOC levels.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Claeson, Anna-Sara, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Volatile metabolites from microorganisms grown on humid building materials and synthetic media
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 4:5, s. 667-672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth of different microorganisms is often related to dampness in buildings. Both fungi and bacteria produce complicated mixtures of volatile organic compounds that include hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds etc. Microbially produced substances are one possible explanation of odour problems and negative health effects in buildings affected by microbial growth. A mixture of five fungi, Aspergillus versicolor, Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Ulocladium botrytis and Wallemia sebi were grown on three different humid building materials (pinewood, particle board and gypsum board) and on one synthetic medium. Six different sampling methods were used, to be able to collect both non-reactive volatile organic compounds and reactive compounds such as volatile amines, aldehydes and carboxylic acids. Analysis was performed using gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography, mass spectrometry was used for identification of compounds. The main microbially produced metabolites found on pinewood were ketones (e.g. 2-heptanone) and alcohols (e.g. 2-methyl-1-propanol). Some of these compounds were also found on particle board, gypsum board and the synthetic medium, but there were more differences than similarities between the materials. For example, dimethoxymethane and 1,3,5-trioxepane and some nitrogen containing compounds were found only on particle board. The metabolite production on gypsum board was very low, although some terpenes (e.g. 3-carene) could be identified as fungal metabolites. On all materials, except gypsum board, the emission of aldehydes decreased during microbial growth. No low molecular weight carboxylic acids were identified.
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| 6. |
- Claeson, Anna-Sara, 1974-
(författare)
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Volatile organic compounds from microorganisms : identification and health effects
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Damp building materials are subjected to degradation processes due to moisture and also microbial growth, with both of these giving rise to emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may contribute to indoor air health problems. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate emissions of reactive and non-reactive VOCs from damp building materials and from the microorganisms growing on them, and also to investigate the possible health impact of these compounds. Three studies were carried out in order to study emissions of VOCs. The first investigated emissions from a mixture of five fungi (Aspergillus versicolor, Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Ulocladium botrytis and Wallemia sebi) and the second emissions from the bacterium Streptomyces albidoflavus. In both studies the microorganisms were cultivated on three different building materials (pine wood, particle board and gypsum board) and one synthetic media, MEA and TGEA respectively. The bacterium was also cultivated on sand. Air samples from the cultures were collected on six different adsorbents and chemosorbents to sample a wide range of compounds such as VOCs, aldehydes, amines and light-weight organic acids. The samples were analyzed with gas chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography and ion chromatography. Mass spectrometry was used for identification of the compounds. Alcohols and ketones were the predominant compound groups identified. The bacterial culture growing on TGEA emitted ammonia, methylamine, diethylamine and ethylamine. The third study dealt with secondary emissions collected from buildings with moisture and mould problems. Samples were taken when the materials were dry and also after they had been wet for a week. Most alcohols and ketones could be identified from the wet materials. Trimethylamine and triethylamine, were identified from sand contaminated by Bacillus. One study looked at the development of a method for analysis of primary and secondary amines with LC-MS/MS. A three-step process was developed, with the first step screening the samples for NIT derivatives with selected reaction monitoring, SRM. In the second step a precursor ion scan gave the [M+H]+ ion, and the last step involved fragmentation with a product ion scan. It was possible to separate and identify all the investigated amines, which showed that the method was both specific and selective and therefore well suited for the analysis of amines in complex environments. The last study comprised two exposure studies. In study 1 each participant took part in two exposure conditions, one with air from mouldy building materials and one with blank air for a 60 minute period. In study 2 each participant was exposed four times (for a period of 10 min) at random to air from mouldy building materials and blank air, with and without nose-clip. The participants rated air quality and symptoms before, during and after each exposure. Exposure to moderate VOC levels resulted in reports of perceived poor air quality, but no such results were received when exposing the participants to low VOC levels.
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| 7. |
- Claeson, Anna-Sara, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from materials collected from buildings affected by microorganisms
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 9:3, s. 240-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study mould damaged materials, including carpet, concrete, gypsum board, insulation, plastic, sand and wood, from 20 different buildings with moisture problems were collected. To study emissions from these materials both conventional methods for sampling, such as collection on Tenax TA, were used as well as complementary methods for sampling a wider spectrum of compounds, such as more volatile VOCs, amines and aldehydes. Analysis was carried out using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Mass spectrometry was used for identification of compounds. Alcohols and ketones were almost exclusively emitted from the materials after they had been wet for a week. Acids were also emitted in large quantities from wet gypsum board and plastic. No primary or secondary amines could be identified, but two tertiary amines, trimethylamine and triethylamine, were emitted from sand contaminated by Bacillus. The most common moulds found were Penicillium and Aspergillus. A multivariate method (partial least squares, PLS) was used to investigate the emission patterns from the materials. Materials with bacterial growth had a different VOC profile to those with only mould growth.
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| 8. |
- Glas, Bo, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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A novel approach to evaluation of adsorbents for sampling indoor volatile organic compounds associated with symptom reports
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 10:11, s. 1297-1303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses problems that complicate attempts to compare methods when several factors may be associated with an effect, but it is not known which factors are relevant. Chemicals that may contribute to 'sick building syndrome' (SBS), and thus should be sampled in investigations of SBS, are not currently known. A study was undertaken to compare the utility of three adsorbents (Carbopack B, Chromosorb 106 and Tenax TA) for detecting differences in personal chemical exposure to volatile organic compounds in indoor air, between persons with and without SBS symptoms (cases and controls). On the basis of office workers' responses to a questionnaire, 15 cases and 15 controls were chosen. They simultaneously carried diffusive samplers with adsorbents during a week at work, and the acquired samples were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The adsorbents were then compared in terms of their ability to separate cases and controls in partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models. This method of comparison takes into account detected differences in chemical exposure between cases and controls measured with the different adsorbents. Tenax TA gave the best PLS-DA models for separating cases and controls, but a combination of measurements with Tenax TA and Carbopack B gave better PLS-DA models than models based on measurements from either adsorbent alone. Adding measurements from Chromosorb 106 did not improve the results.
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| 9. |
- Glas, Bo, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Association of exposure to ozone, formaldehyde, NO2 and terpenes with reported symptoms in office workers
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A number of risk factors for “sick building syndrome” (SBS) are known, including poor ventilation, but the associated substances in the air that are removed by ventilation are unknown. In this study the exposure of office workers to formaldehyde, d-limonene, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and α-pinene at work and at home was measured during a working week. Data on symptoms were obtained by analyzing responses to a questionnaire and participants were divided into cases and controls. We found no significant differences in chemical exposure between cases and controls. However, correlations were found between a number of individual symptoms and exposure to specific substances or combinations of substances.
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| 10. |
- Glas, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of three adsorbents for diffusive sampling of airborne volatile organic compounds in office environments
- 2005
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Ingår i: Indoor air 2005. - Beijing : Tsinghua university press. ; , s. 2713-2717
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Volatile organic compounds were personally sampled by people classified as cases (people having certain SBS symptoms) and controls, i.e. people not fulfilling the criteria's for cases. The aim of the study was to find out which adsorbent that gave the best separation between SBS cases and controls based on their chemical exposure of VOCs. The statistical method used was partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The adsorbents compared were Carbopack B, Chromosorb 106 and Tenax TA. The study included 30 office workers wearing diffusive samplers during one working week. The samplers were analysed with thermal desorption-GC-MS, and each chromatographic peak was included in the data evaluation. Tenax TA gave the best separation between cases and controls with a Q(2) = 0.434 and R(2)Y = 0.873 for three components. Analyses of samples taken with Carbopack B and Chromosorb 106 showed no ability to discriminate between the two classes.
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| 11. |
- Glas, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and terpenes among office workers and associations with reported symptoms
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 88:5, s. 613-622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To compare exposure to formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and terpenes among office workers with and without sick building syndrome and the odds ratio for exposure. Are there significant differences? In this cross-sectional study of office workers, we investigated the associations between exposure to formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, alpha-pinene, and d-limonene using a case-control analysis. Data on perceived general, mucosal, and skin symptoms were obtained by questionnaires. Personal exposure measurements of the compounds were performed among cases and controls, and the odds ratios for exposures to the substances, both singly and in combination, were investigated. Exposures varied for formaldehyde between 0.23 and 45 A mu g/m(3), nitrogen dioxide between 0.26 and 110 A mu g/m(3), ozone between < 16 and 165 A mu g/m(3), alpha-pinene between 0.2 and 170 A mu g/m(3), and d-limonene between 0.8 and 1,400 A mu g/m(3). No consistent differences in exposure odds ratios were found between cases and controls or for individual symptoms.
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| 12. |
- Glas, Bo, 1959-
(författare)
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Methodological aspects of unspecific building related symptoms research
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with methological issues in the study of chemical exposure and sick building syndrome (SBS). SBS is a combination of general, mucosal and skin symptoms that some people experience when staying in specific buildings. The aim was to find chemical patterns associated with SBS, but also to address methological problems in such study. The plan was to conduct a case-control study comparing the two groups’ chemical exposure, where cases were defined as those having at least one general, one mucosal and one skin symptom each week the last three months. For the planning it was necessary to know if cases and controls could be selected from the same building. If everyone in a building have the same chemical exposure it is no use to compare exposure between two persons at the same workplace. In the first paper exposure to more than 100 compounds is compared between 79 participants working in eight buildings. It was found that for the majority of compounds the variation in exposure was larger within buildings than between buildings, which means that cases and controls could be allowed to work in the same building. The second paper is a comparison of three adsorbents usability in finding differences in chemical exposure between SBS cases and controls. This was done by using chemometrical methods but comparisons of sampled amounts, blank values and reproducibility were also done. Tenax TA was found to be the best adsorbent, hence used in the case-control study. In recent years ozone and ozone reaction products with unsaturated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been in focus. Nitrogen dioxide is another gas affecting oxidation of reactive VOCs. Formaldehyde is an irritant formed when unsaturated VOCs are oxidised, and in some studies a relation with SBS has been found. In paper three the relation between personal exposure to formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, terpenes and SBS has been investigated among more than 200 office workers in a case control study in Umeå and Vasa. Cases (based on symptoms during the week of measurements) had lower ozone exposure than controls. No further associations were found at present exposure levels. A planed analysis of relations to VOCs could not be done due to analytical problems, and problems due to difficulties with consistent identification of compounds in a very large data set. These problems are further discussed in the thesis. In the case-control, study participants answered questionnaires about symptoms during "the past three months", "right now" (when answering the questionnaire), and during the week of exposure measurements. In the fourth paper the stability of symptoms were compared by answers at different occasions. It was found that the case/control concept was as stable as individual symptoms. More participants with atopic disease and those 41 years old or younger changed class compared with those without atopic disease and older participants. Measurement activities appeared to make participants report more symptoms. Fatigue, dry eyes and dry skin are suggested to be symptoms with strongest, and illness/dizziness to be weakest association with IAQ.
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| 13. |
- Glas, Bo, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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The stability of office workers’ unspecific building-related symptom reports
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The stability of reported unspecific building-related symptoms, or sick building syndrome (SBS) was investigated in this study. In Umeå and Vasa, two cities in northern Sweden and Finland, 172 subjects were asked about their symptoms in two questionnaires. The first contained questions about symptoms during the past three months, right now (when answering the questionnaire), and if any symptom ameliorated when they were not at their workplaces. Later on, all of the workers took measurements of their personal chemical exposure at work and at home during one week, and at the end of the week they were asked about symptoms during the week. The stability of a case/control concept was investigated as well as individual symptoms. It was found that 67 % of cases and controls did not change class if classifications were based on answers on symptoms during both the past three months and the week of measurements. Corresponding proportions for general, mucosal and skin symptoms were 71 %, 71 % and 78 % respectively. However, measurement activities appeared to increase symptom reports; on average 43 % of controls reported symptoms compatible with the case definition and 53 % of individual symptoms during the week of chemical measurements were not experienced when asked about symptoms during the past three months. Classification of participants with atopic disease and those 41 years old, or younger, were least stable. Nausea/dizziness does not seem to be strongly associated with indoor air quality while other general symptoms, dry eyes and facial skin symptoms are often attributed to staying within the workplace building
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Levin, Jan-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Delprogrammet cancerframkallande ämnen i tätortsluft, personlig exponering och bakgrundsmätningar. : Utveckling av metoder för personburen mätning av PAH.
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna studie har olika metoder för analys av partikulära polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH) efter provtagning på filter utvärderats. Två metoder för ultraljudsextraktion, ett traditionellt ultraljudsvattenbad samt en ultraljudsextraktor specialdesignad för PAH-extraktion (Sonicator) samt två olika analysmetoder gaskromatografi-masspektrometri (GC/MS) och vätskekromatografi med fluorescensdetaktion (LC/Fluo) har studerats. För testerna användes bl.a certifierade referensmaterial av typen Urban Dust och Fly Ash. Sonicatorn gav för Urban Dust en avvikelse på mellan 5-35 % med GC/MS-analys och med LC/Fluo-analys var avvikelsen endast 3 % från det certifierade värdet. För extraktion av Fly Ash med Sonicatorn var avvikeslen <10 % med GC/MS-metoden medan LC/Fluo-metoden endast var ca 30 % av det certifierade värdet, vilket inte är acceptabelt. Extraktion med traditionellt ultraljudsvattenbad följt av LC/Fluo-analys gav för Urban Dust en avvikelse på ca 32%. Filterprover tagna i stadsmiljö analyserade med bägge metoderna gav likvärdiga resultat för B[a]P oberoende av analysmetod. Studien visar att båda analysmetoderna är användbara för mätningar där dammet är av typen Urban Dust, dvs. från utomhus- och tätortsmiljöer. I denna studie har fokus legat på analys av högmolekylära, partikulära PAH-komponenter och då framför allt B[a]P. Förutom B[a]P kan flertalet andra PAH-komponenter analyseras med bägge metoderna, dock har i detta projekt endast B[a]P studerats med LC-fluo-metoden eftersom detta ämne är prioriterat i EU-direktiven. En stor fördel med LC/Fluo-metoden är att den inte kräver lika omfattande provupparbetning före analys. LC/Fluo-metoden har något bättre känslighet, men bägge metoderna är tillräckligt känsliga för dessa analyser. Det är viktigt att påpeka att PAH i allmänluften domineras av PAH med 3-4 ringar dvs PAH som finns i gasfas. PAH-komponenterna fenantren, pyren och fluoranten är till 80-90% i gas fas vid 20°C. Vill man mäta sanna halter av PAH i både gasfas och partikelfas måste någon form av denuder eller motsvarande provtagningsmetod användas. För att få en bra uppfattning om totala mängden gas + partiklar och en ungefärlig uppfattning om fördelning gas/partiklar kan en enkel uppsättning av 13-mm-filter av glasfiber i kombination med adsorbentrör med XAD-2 användas [9-10]. Denna provtagningsutrustning är lättanvänd för personburna mätningar där man inte specifikt behöver mäta PM2,5 och kan användas både för GC-MS-analys och LC-Fluo-analys [9-10]. Ett intressant alternativ för att mäta gasfas-PAH är passiva provtagningstekniker som PUF (polyurethane foam disks) och SPMDs (semipermeable membrane devices) som idag används som tidsintegrerade (2-6 veckor) semikvantitativa provtagare i olika miljöövervakningsprogram för gasfas PAH både i Europa och globalt [11-13]. Det är därför viktigt att också utveckla och validera enkla och billiga metoder och gärna diffusionsprovtagare för att kunna mäta gasfas-PAH både stationärt och personburet. Lagring av prover testades inte i denna studie. Vid långtidslagring kan det vara viktigt att lagra filtren i kylskåp. PAH-föreningar med 5 eller 6 ringar anses dock vara stabila även vid lagring i rumstemperatur [7]. Sammanfattningsvis har utvärderingen visat att det är möjligt att analysera 8 av de 16 PAH-föreningar som EPA anger på personburna teflonfilter provtagna med PM2.5cykloner. Inom HÄMI-luft programmet kan man därmed vid samma provtagningstillfälle få svar på partikelmassekoncentrationen och koncentrationen av ett flertal svårflyktiga PAH-föreningar, däribland benso(a)pyren.
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| 16. |
- Liljelind, Ingrid E, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of self-assessment and expert assessment of occupational exposure to chemicals
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Tyoterveyslaitos, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 27:5, s. 311-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Occupational assessments of chemical exposure are often inadequate because of difficulties in obtaining sufficient numbers of measurements by trained professionals (experts). The objective of this study was to determine whether workers can provide unbiased data via self-assessments of exposure facilitated by the use of simple passive monitors for personal sampling.METHODS: Untrained workers obtained personal measurements of their exposures to gaseous contaminants (terpenes in sawmills and styrene in reinforced plastics factories) with passive monitors and written instructions. To study the validity of the self-assessments, an occupational hygienist performed exposure measurements on the same occupational groups after the workers had obtained two or more measurements independently. The potential bias of the self-assessments was evaluated by comparing the self-assessments with the expert assessments in mixed-effects statistical models.RESULTS: A total of 153 terpene (97 self and 56 expert) and 216 styrene (159 self and 57 expert) measurements were obtained from four sawmills and six reinforced plastics factories, respectively. No significant differences in the geometric mean exposures were observed between the self-assessments and the expert assessments in 3 of 4 sawmills and 5 of 6 reinforced plastics factories (P > 0.10). The potential bias of the self-assessments of exposure ranged from less than 0.1% to 102% and was less than 17% in 9 of the 10 groups investigated.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that untrained, unsupervised workers are able to collect consistently unbiased exposure data by employing currently available passive monitors.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Modig, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Cancerframkallande ämnen i tätortsluft : Exponering och halter i Umeå 2001
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exponeringen för ett antal cancerframkallande ämnen undersöktes i ett slumpmässigt urval av allmänbefolkningen i Umeå, 2001. Den huvudsakliga studien genomfördes från slutet av september till mitten av oktober som personburna 7-dygns mätningar på totalt 60 personer, medan några av mätningarna genomfördes i januari 2002. Parallellt med de personburna mätningarna genomfördes även mätningar vid två stationära platser i Umeå, bibliotekstaket och E4:an. Mätningarna omfattade bensen, 1,3-butadien, formaldehyd, acetaldehyd, PAH (polyaromatiska kolväten) samt kvävedioxid (NO2). Mätningarna genomfördes med passiva provtagare med undantag för PAH där provtagningen genomfördes med hjälp av en pump. Resultatet från de personburna provtagningarna av bensen gav medianvärdet 1,5 μg/m3, vilket kan jämföras med resultatet från fjolårets studie i Göteborg (1μg/m3) och den av Institutet för miljömedicin (IMM) föreslagna lågrisknivån 1,3μg/m3. Exponeringen för bensen var signifikant associerad till tiden som deltagarna vistats inomhus, utomhus på arbetsplatsen, i rum med rökning samt om de var rökare. Det var marginell skillnad mellan medianhalten uppmätt vid E4:an och den personburna halten (1,6 μg/m3 och 1,5 μg/m3) medan halten på bibliotekstaket låg lägre (1,0 μg/m3). Medianvärdet för butadien var 0,4 μg/m3, vilket är samma som halten uppmätt vid E4:an men högre jämfört med halten på bibliotekstaket (0,12 μg/m3). Det var signifikant skillnad mellan rökare och icke-rökare (p=0,007), och tid som tillbringats i rum med rökning var signifikant förknippat med ökad exponering för butadien. Mätningar genomfördes för både formaldehyd och acetaldehyd, dock redovisas enbart resultaten för formaldehyd på grund av problem med provtagningen av acetaldehyd. Bland mätningarna som genomfördes personburet var medianhalten formaldehyd 15 μg/m3 vilket kan jämföras med resultaten från samma studie i Göteborg förra året (19 μg/m3). Resultatet ligger inom det intervall som angivit som lågrisknivå (IMM, 12-60 μg/m3). Halterna som uppmättes vid E4:an och Biblioteket var nästintill lika (3,5 μg/m3 och 3,0 μg/m3), dock var de betydligt lägre jämfört med den halt som uppmättes personburet. Bostadstyp (villa alt lägenhet), framstod som den enda variabeln som var signifikant associerad till den personburna halten formaldehyd. PAH-mätningarna genomfördes stationärt hemma hos 10 deltagare ur befolkningsurvalet, samt personburet och stationärt på 10 personer i anknytning till forskargruppen. Mediankoncentrationen av bens(a)pyren, mätt personburet, var 0,08 ng/m3 vilket är i nivå med resultaten från Göteborg. Halterna hemma hos personerna från befolkningsurvalet samt de med anknytning till kliniken var 0,17 respektive 0,07 ng/m3. De stationära utomhusmätningarna visade att halten vid E4:an var betydligt högre jämfört med halten på Bibliotekstaket (0,3 respektive 0,1 ng/m3). Kvävedioxid (NO2) mättes som ett lokalt tillägg i syfte att undersöka samband mellan NO2, som trafikindikator, och övriga ämnen. Median halten för mätningarna som gjordes personburet var 8 μg/m3 medan resultaten från de stationära mätningarna var betydligt högre. NO2 uppvisade ingen signifikant korrelation till övriga ämnen mätta personburet. Vidare sågs inga samband till vistelse i specifika miljöer.
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| 19. |
- Modig, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Cancerframkallande ämnentätortsluft - Umeå 2001
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exponeringen för ett antal cancerframkallande ämnen undersöktes i ett slumpmässigturval av allmänbefolkningen i Umeå, 2001. Den huvudsakliga studien genomfördesfrån slutet av september till mitten av oktober som personburna 7-dygns mätningar påtotalt 60 personer, medan några av mätningarna genomfördes i januari 2002. Parallelltmed de personburna mätningarna genomfördes även mätningar vid två stationäraplatser i Umeå, bibliotekstaket och E4:an. Mätningarna omfattade bensen, 1,3-butadien, formaldehyd, acetaldehyd, PAH (polyaromatiska kolväten) samtkvävedioxid (NO2). Mätningarna genomfördes med passiva provtagare med undantagför PAH där provtagningen genomfördes med hjälp av en pump.Resultatet från de personburna provtagningarna av bensen gav medianvärdet1,5 μg/m3, vilket kan jämföras med resultatet från fjolårets studie i Göteborg (1μg/m3)och den av Institutet för miljömedicin (IMM) föreslagna lågrisknivån 1,3μg/m3.Exponeringen för bensen var signifikant associerad till tiden som deltagarna vistatsinomhus, utomhus på arbetsplatsen, i rum med rökning samt om de var rökare. Detvar marginell skillnad mellan medianhalten uppmätt vid E4:an och den personburnahalten (1,6 μg/m3 och 1,5 μg/m3) medan halten på bibliotekstaket låg lägre (1,0μg/m3).Medianvärdet för butadien var 0,4 μg/m3, vilket är samma som halten uppmätt vidE4:an men högre jämfört med halten på bibliotekstaket (0,12 μg/m3). Det varsignifikant skillnad mellan rökare och icke-rökare (p=0,007), och tid som tillbringats irum med rökning var signifikant förknippat med ökad exponering för butadien.Mätningar genomfördes för både formaldehyd och acetaldehyd, dock redovisas enbartresultaten för formaldehyd på grund av problem med provtagningen av acetaldehyd.Bland mätningarna som genomfördes personburet var medianhalten formaldehyd15 μg/m3 vilket kan jämföras med resultaten från samma studie i Göteborg förra året(19 μg/m3). Resultatet ligger inom det intervall som angivit som lågrisknivå (IMM,12-60 μg/m3). Halterna som uppmättes vid E4:an och Biblioteket var nästintill lika(3,5 μg/m3 och 3,0 μg/m3), dock var de betydligt lägre jämfört med den halt somuppmättes personburet. Bostadstyp (villa alt lägenhet), framstod som den endavariabeln som var signifikant associerad till den personburna halten formaldehyd.PAH-mätningarna genomfördes stationärt hemma hos 10 deltagare urbefolkningsurvalet, samt personburet och stationärt på 10 personer i anknytning tillforskargruppen. Mediankoncentrationen av bens(a)pyren, mätt personburet, var 0,08ng/m3 vilket är i nivå med resultaten från Göteborg. Halterna hemma hos personernafrån befolkningsurvalet samt de med anknytning till kliniken var 0,17 respektive 0,07ng/m3. De stationära utomhusmätningarna visade att halten vid E4:an var betydligthögre jämfört med halten på Bibliotekstaket (0,3 respektive 0,1 ng/m3).Kvävedioxid (NO2) mättes som ett lokalt tillägg i syfte att undersöka samband mellanNO2, som trafikindikator, och övriga ämnen. Median halten för mätningarna somgjordes personburet var 8 μg/m3 medan resultaten från de stationära mätningarna varbetydligt högre. NO2 uppvisade ingen signifikant korrelation till övriga ämnen mättapersonburet. Vidare sågs inga samband till vistelse i specifika miljöer.
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| 20. |
- Sandström, K. J. Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Amperometric biosensor for formic acid in air
- 2000
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 70:1–3, s. 182-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of developing a simple, inexpensive and specific personal passive “real-time” air sampler incorporating a biosensor for formic acid was investigated. The sensor is based on the enzymatic reaction between formic acid and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a co-factor and Meldola's blue as mediator. An effective way to immobilise the enzyme, co-factor and Meldola's blue on screen-printed, disposable, electrodes was found to be in a mixture of glycerol and phosphate buffer covered with a gas-permeable membrane. Steady-state current was reached after 4–15 min and the limit of detection was calculated to be below 1 mg/m3. However, the response decreased by 50% after storage at −15°C for 1 day.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Strandberg, Bo, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Field evaluation of two diffusive samplers and two adsorbent media to determine 1,3-butadiene and benzene levels in air
- 2006
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 40:40, s. 7686-7695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two types of diffusive samplers, both of which are compatible with thermal desorption, but differ in their geometry-SKC-Ultra (badge-type) and Radiello (radial symmetry-type)-were evaluated indoors and outdoors under varying temperature, humidity and wind speed conditions, using the graphitized adsorbents Carbopack X or Carbograph 5 to measure 1,3-butadiene and benzene in ambient air. The results obtained by diffusive sampling were compared with results obtained using a conventional active sampling method over both long (1 week) and shorter periods (6-24 h). Analysis and detection were performed using an automatic thermal desorber (ATD) connected to a gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Results from each sampler and adsorbent combination were examined using ordinary or multiple linear regression analysis. The overall uncertainty (OU) was also determined. In general, the results obtained with both samplers showed good agreement with those obtained by active sampling. Carbopack X appeared to be a more efficient adsorbent than Carbograph 5 for 1,3-butadiene, but the two adsorbents were equivalent for benzene. No effects of either humidity or air velocity were observed. Minor temperature effects were observed for both samplers for 1,3-butadiene. In summary, the results confirmed the accuracy of sampling rates previously determined for the two samplers and adsorbents. We consider the two samplers to be suitable for stationary and personal monitoring for the general population of 1,3-butadiene and benzene in various environments, indoors and outdoors. They are almost independent of meteorological conditions and may be suitable for monitoring industrial atmospheres.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Sunesson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Passive sampling in combination with thermal desorption and gas chromatography as a tool for self-assessment of chemical exposure
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 4:5, s. 706-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diffusive samplers for monitoring of air quality are user-friendly devices that can normally be operated by the user himself. Hence these samplers are suitable for self-assessment. Practical and work organisational aspects of self-assessment of chemical exposure were studied in different occupational settings. It was found that the diffusive sampler used in these studies, the Perkin-Elmer tube in combination with thermal desorption, worked well for the purpose and could be correctly handled by the individuals using it. The results from self-assessments agreed well with expert measurements carried out by an occupational hygienist. However, in order to obtain a sustainable system of self-assessment strong organizational support is needed.
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| 25. |
- Sunesson, Anna-Lena, 1967-
(författare)
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Volatile metabolites from microorganisms in indoor environments : sampling, analysis and identification
- 1995
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Microorganisms are able to produce a wide variety of volatile organic compounds. This thesis deals with sampling, analysis and identification of such compounds, produced by microorganisms commonly found in buildings.The volatiles were sampled on adsorbents and analysed by thermal desorption cold trap-injection gas chromatography, with flame ionization and mass-spectrometric detection. The injection was optimized, with respect to the recovery of adsorbed components and the efficiency of the chromatographic separation, using multivariate methods. Eight adsorbents were evaluated with the object of finding the most suitable for sampling microbial volatiles. Among the adsorbents tested, Tenax TA proved to have the best properties for the purpose. Some carbon-containing adsorbents, e.g., Tenax GR and Carbopack B, showed a catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of some compounds, mainly terpene derivatives.Five fungal species, Aspergillus versicolor, Pénicillium commune, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Paecilomyces variotii and Phialophora fastigiata, and anactinomycete, Streptomyces albidoflavus, were cultivated on various artificial media and/or building materials. Cultivation was performed in culture flasks, provided with air inlet and outlet tubes. Humidified air was constantly led through the flasks, and samples were taken by attaching adsorbent tubes to the outlet tubes of the flasks. The cultivation medium proved to be of vital importance for metabolite production, quantitatively as well as qualitatively. For Streptomyces albidoflavus the effect of medium, cultivation temperature, and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the supplied air on the production of volatiles, was studied using multivariate techniques. The medium and the temperature exerted the largest influence, but the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels also affected the amounts of some metabolites produced.The produced volatile metabolites were identified by mass spectrometry and reference compounds. Alcohols, ketones, sulphur compounds and terpenes were most frequently found, but hydrocarbons, ethers and esters were also produced by some species. Among the most commonly produced metabolites, which are also suggested as potential indicator substances for excessive growth of microorganisms in buildings, were 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanone, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, dimethyl disulphide, -methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran and geosmin.
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