| 1. |
- Becker, Christiane, et al.
(author)
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Nanophotonic enhanced perovskite-silicon solar cell devices
- 2019
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In: ; , s. 858-859
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells are a promising concept for overcoming the limits of conventional silicon single-junction technology. Light management is doubtless a key issue for further boosting efficiency. We discuss the impact of photonic nanostructures on the optical performance of perovskite-silicon devices. We experimentally and numerically demonstrate shallow antireflective nanotextures, which are compatible with perovskite solution processing. We further showcase enhanced photon up-conversion using perovskite nanoparticles interacting with photonic nanostructures and discuss the applicability for spectral conversion of sunlight.
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| 2. |
- Fischer, Hubertus, et al.
(author)
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Palaeoclimate constraints on the impact of 2 °C anthropogenic warming and beyond
- 2018
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In: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 11:7, s. 474-485
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming were forced differently than future anthropogenic change, such periods can provide insights into potential future climate impacts and ecosystem feedbacks, especially over centennial-to-millennial timescales that are often not covered by climate model simulations. Our observation-based synthesis of the understanding of past intervals with temperatures within the range of projected future warming suggests that there is a low risk of runaway greenhouse gas feedbacks for global warming of no more than 2 °C. However, substantial regional environmental impacts can occur. A global average warming of 1–2 °C with strong polar amplification has, in the past, been accompanied by significant shifts in climate zones and the spatial distribution of land and ocean ecosystems. Sustained warming at this level has also led to substantial reductions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, with sea-level increases of at least several metres on millennial timescales. Comparison of palaeo observations with climate model results suggests that, due to the lack of certain feedback processes, model-based climate projections may underestimate long-term warming in response to future radiative forcing by as much as a factor of two, and thus may also underestimate centennial-to-millennial-scale sea-level rise.
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| 3. |
- Mühlemann, Barbara, et al.
(author)
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Diverse variola virus (smallpox) strains were widespread in northern Europe in the Viking Age
- 2020
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In: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 369:6502
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Smallpox, one of the most devastating human diseases, killed between 300 million and 500 million people in the 20th century alone. We recovered viral sequences from 13 northern European individuals, including 11 dated to ~600-1050 CE, overlapping the Viking Age, and reconstructed near-complete variola virus genomes for four of them. The samples predate the earliest confirmed smallpox cases by ~1000 years, and the sequences reveal a now-extinct sister clade of the modern variola viruses that were in circulation before the eradication of smallpox. We date the most recent common ancestor of variola virus to ~1700 years ago. Distinct patterns of gene inactivation in the four near-complete sequences show that different evolutionary paths of genotypic host adaptation resulted in variola viruses that circulated widely among humans.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Thompson, Haydn, et al.
(author)
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Platforms4CPS, Key Outcomes and Recommendations
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Europe has key strengths in the CPS domain with many world leading companies in important business sectors such as Automotive, Aerospace, Rail, Energy and Health, as well as supporting technology and research providers in terms of SMEs and academia. This document summarises the findings of the Platforms4CPS project, co-financed by the European Commission under the H2020 Research and Innovation Programme, to identify business opportunities, develop a CPS Community Roadmap, a Technology and Research Radar and make recommendations for strategic action required for operational and future deployment of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). In order to exploit the business opportunities highlighted in this report, recommendations are provided for Research, Innovation, Societal, Legal and Business challenges, that need addressing to ensure that:The right technology areas are supportedThere is successful transfer of new ideas to European companies via innovation mechanismsSocietal concerns which are barriers to uptake of new technologies such as trust, privacy, regulation, liability, and security of employment are addressedEuropean citizens can rely on trustable systemsIn the shorter term these can begin to be addressed under Horizon 2020 and existing Digitising European Industry activities via engagement with and expansion of the Digital Innovation Hubs, linking PPPs to work in synergy and supporting the development of platforms and large-scale pilots in key domains such as Automotive, Agriculture, Medicine, etc. Further in the future the recommendations address Horizon Europe linking with developing ideas within the Commission such as the Edge 2030 vision.
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