| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ahsan, Tahmina, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Efficient Design Features for Residential Buildings in Tropical Climates : The Context of Dhaka, Bangladesh
- 2010
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Ingår i: SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (SAUD 2010), VOL IV. - : CSAAR PRESS-CENTER STUDY ARCHITECTURE ARAB REGION. ; , s. 183-202
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at identifying passive design features through literature study that can be incorporated in residential buildings of Dhaka to make them energy efficient. The study also aimed at identifying changes in the design process that can affect energy efficiency in residential buildings. It has analyzed the present electric energy use for cooling and lighting typical residential buildings of upper middle income households in Dhaka through a case study conducted in Dhaka. It has also calculated the possible energy savings by adopting certain energy efficient features in the case study building. The findings from this study indicate that doubling the thickness of external walls on east and west of the building, use of hollow clay tiles instead of weathering course for roofs and use of appropriate horizontal overhang ratios for all four orientations can reduce the cooling load of the case study building by 64% and thus reduce the total energy use of the building by 26%. Finally, it can be concluded that the process of designing energy efficient residential buildings is not a 'one-man's show'. Architects, developers, interior designers and clients are the other actors who can bring a change in the design practice.
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| 3. |
- Elfors, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Action Research for Environmentally Sustainable Housing : Using research as a tool for change
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Transdisciplinary Environmental Studies. - 1602-2297. ; 7:2, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Critics claim that neither results from sustainable housing demonstration projects nortools for the environmental impact assessment of buildings are used in mainstream housing practice.Th is raises the question of how research-based knowledge for energy effi ciency and environmentalsustainability in the built environment could be transferred to practice in a better way. In this articlewe propose a model to address this problem by combining refl ective research and “green engineering”.Th e model was developed through applying action research theory on generalized fi ndings ofempirical studies by diff erent researchers. Th e model is called Action Research for EnvironmentallySustainable Housing (ARESH). In this kind of research it is permissible to be openly normativeand to strive for change, but not to neglect critical refl ection. To achieve this, the researcher has toco-operate closely with co-researchers such as residents and housing managers, and, furthermore, tobalance between taking the roles of researcher, team member and teacher/preacher. On the positiveside, the model permits dissemination of information targeted at researchers as well as practitioners,and also “leaves behind” practical knowledge with the co-researchers after the project properhas ended.
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| 4. |
- Elfors, Susanna, 1972-
(författare)
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Environmental Research as a Tool for Change : Theoretical and methodological implications from two case studies producing knowledge for environmentally sustainable housing
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The theme of this thesis is environmental research as a tool for change. In the first part of the thesis a “Situation of Opportunity” is studied, i.e. a situation when the opportunities to reduce negative environmental impacts are larger than usual. The maintenance of a multi- family residential area, here called a Small Neighbourhood, is studied as a series of Situations of Opportunity. To explore the prerequisites for using maintenance as a Situation of Opportunity, two case studies were carried out and reported as a licentiate thesis. The first one on the rental area Idö-Våldö in Stockholm managed by the association Stockholms Kooperativa Bostadsförening (SKB), and the second one on Järven, a housing cooperative in Malmö that cooperates with the management organisation HSB Malmö. In the study the researcher developed long-term environmental strategies based on the planned maintenance of the areas. Besides exploring the prerequisites for using planned maintenance as a Situation of Opportunity, the intention was that the studies would initiate an environmental practice within the areas studied. Results indicated that maintenance, at least in principle, creates many possibilities for reducing negative environmental impacts and that it to some extent also can be used for creating a dialogue between residents and managers. However, the conditions for using maintenance in the cases studied were limited by low interest among the residents as well as the economical and organisational prerequisites of the cases. The studies did not initiate an environmental practice as intended. The reason for that might be the mentioned conditions, but it could also depend on the researcher’s limited knowledge on action-oriented and collaborative research. Thus, the second part of the thesis aims at developing a research methodology for such research. Based on empirical experiences from the Idö-Våldö and Järven-studies and a literature study, a methodology for action-oriented research for environmentally sustainable housing (ARESH) is outlined. It is proposed that methods of action research and of case study methodology could be applied in ARESH. However, there are several potential conflicts in ARESH. The researcher has for instance to judge if the study should be led in the first hand by participants or by researchers, or if it should be more oriented towards theory than practice. One conclusion is that a research methodology for such research needs to be further discussed and also further explored in practice. Since there are indications that a collaborative and action-oriented research is evolving in the field of environmental research, it is hoped that the findings of the thesis can contribute to a discussion on how to carry out research as a tool for change
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| 5. |
- Evliati, Maria Angeliki, et al.
(författare)
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How to “Renew a New City District”? : The citizens’ initiative HS2020 in Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- How does the citizens’ initiative HS2020 realise its vision to ”Renew a New City District”? We followed the project organisation development between 2011-2014 and we applied strategic niche management and elements of actor network theory in order to assess barriers and opportunities. Hammarby Sjöstad is, since 1997, internationally renowned for its environmental ambitions. HS2020’s visions are an extension and further development of the latter, exploring potential contributions to sustainable urban development. HS2020 has been developing an actor network to implement projects in electric mobility, energy efficiency, culture and ICT. It is a unique but instructive initiative: if realised, its visions contribute profoundly to Swedish environmental quality objectives. It offers a little explored approach to city district management, between construction and refurbishment. Its potential contribution to sustainable urban development makes it important to explore and fine-tune the organisational elements for similar processes in other city districts.
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Daniel K., et al.
(författare)
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Energy at your service : highlighting energy usage systems in the context of energy efficiency analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 4:3, s. 355-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing energy efficiency has for a long time been identified as an important means of mitigating climate change. However, the full potential for technical energy efficiency has seldom been fully exploited. The traditional approach in energy systems analysis and policy is still largely supply-orientated, i.e. focusing on the management of energy conversion, production and distribution, and final use of energy in the form of energy carriers. This paper contributes to previous discussions on how to highlight and explore the user side in the analysis of energy systems in an efficiency context. The energy usage systems approach, including end-use technologies and the production of service demanded by a human activity system, is used to promote a dynamic bottom-up perspective on energy. In determining the possible potential for change by increasing energy efficiency, the demand for energy should not be considered synonymous with the demand for neither energy carriers, nor the measurable service volumes (such as kilometres travelled, square metre conditioned space, etc.), without considering the sociocultural context in which the service is being used or called upon. In summary, the predominant paradigm dealing with the energy system as a technical system managing resources and providing energy carriers should thus be complemented with the view of a socio-technical system facilitating and/or managing the services.
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| 7. |
- Jonsson, Daniel K., 1973-
(författare)
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Situations of opportunity for infrasystems : understanding and pursuing change towards environmental sustainability
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Infrasystems are the large technical systems in society delivering water and electricity, making communications and transports possible, managing the gathering and treatment of refuse and sewage, and many other services. Infrasystems mean welfare, convenience and economic growth, but also considerable environmental impacts. The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of aspects and prerequisites of infrasystem change in a sustainable direction, by way of elaborating conceptual knowledge. The first main point of departure is the concept of infrasystem, and the related approach Large Technical Systems (LTS), primarily associated the field of history of technology. A key feature is to highlight a socio-technical systems perspective, rather than separating technology from social and institutional aspects. The second main point of departure is the change perspective Situations of Opportunity (SITOP), which is a draft theory developed within a research programme at the Royal Institute of Technology. SITOP set out from the notion that the possibility to implement changes in a sustainable direction is greater than average at certain moments in time. A situation of opportunity is associated with a prehistory, limiting the field of options for the actors utilising a formative moment. When SITOP, LTS and other related socio-technical perspectives are cross-fertilised some directions of where to look for future situations of opportunity for infrasystem change in a sustainable direction can be pointed out, e.g. in connection with certain problems or crises in the systems’ development. On the one hand different aspects on how to widen the field of options are discussed, e.g. to promote inter-sectorial actor networks, to identify system synergies and social innovations (paper 1-3), and to highlight services and functions rather than sectors and technology (paper 2). On the other hand, in order to approach the great changes needed in the context of sustainable development, the socio-technical regimes of today have to undergo major alterations, which probably presupposes new sets of actors and actor networks. A more moderate view however, is to seek positive synergies between everyday decision- and policy-making and the long-term striving for sustainable development. Issues often considered as necessities, e.g. renovations of old buildings, or building more roads to moderate congestion – ‘what must be done’ – should be combined with ‘what should be done’, e.g. implementing energy saving solutions in the built environment, or reducing society’s transport dependency. The array of conceivable combinations widens the field of options. The results also concern indirect effects of infrasystems, which might contribute to processes evaluating fields of options. Infrastructure investments affect activity patterns and the built environment (paper 4). Moreover infrasystems are associated with indirect energy use (paper 5). The conceptual views presented in this thesis are no immediate means, ready to be used in concrete infrasystem management, but can in the steps that follow primary policy-making support the process of finding out when to implement change, and moreover assessing plausible solutions. In other words – identify situations of opportunity and explore the field of options.
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| 8. |
- Jöhnemark, Anna-Maja, et al.
(författare)
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What if Sharing Were Part of the Citizen Initiative’s Vision? : Exploring Collaborative Consumption as implemented in Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- “Renewing a New City” is the vision of citizen initiative HS2020, established in the ongoing brownfield development of Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm. Previous research indicates that there is a potential to further develop the Sjöstad, contributing to urban sustainable development. The Sjöstad is internationally renowned for its environmental profile and refurbishment lies in the far future. Therefore, this is of great general interest, although HS2020 in itself is totally unique.This paper presents a futures study exploring how HS2020 could work also with Collaborative Consumption, i.e. the residents’ sharing of goods, services, and space instead of owning it. It uses elements of explorative and normative scenario approaches to create future images of Hammarby Sjöstad in 2020. The images incorporate Collaborative Consumption in six established HS2020 sub-projects, on e.g. Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Interactive ICT, Recycling and Electric Vehicles. The images were generated through workshops with participants from the citizen initiative, with inputs from a literature review. In the HS2020 projects, sharing could take the form of Collaborative Lifestyles, Redistribution Markets or Product Service Systems. It could be open for anyone, restricted to members, or to residents within a building. These different groups could also initiate, own and maintain the sharing solution. Other potential actors are private companies, the municipality and non-profit organizations. Qualitative assessment indicates that Collaborative Consumption in the Sjöstad projects could reduce energy use and other environmental impacts. It could also help building local community, but realisation in itself also calls for elements of community and trust among participants.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Malmqvist, Tove, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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How can Hammarby Sjöstad become more sustainable? : Master Students’ assessments using the CityLab tool
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report summarizes master students’ assessment of the district HammarbySjöstad in Stockholm. The aim of the students’ work was to assess thesustainability of three sub-districts of Hammarby Sjöstad through the CityLabcertificationtool. Additionally, the students should find other relevantsustainability issues, which are not included in the certification. Finally, the roleof ElectriCITY, a citizen initiative in the district is discussed, since another aimof this report was to use the CityLab tool to connect their activities to the UNSustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Hammarby Sjöstad – although being presented as a sustainable example – stillshows much room for improvement, according to the students’ assessment. Interms of service availability, safety, public spaces and storm water treatment,the district already performs quite well. Improvements could be made to reachthe targets set by CityLab for energy use in buildings, residual waste andsustainable travel and other. Other issues found by the students were relatedto private consumption, connection of residents with nature, water use andmany others. In order to be able to improve these issues in Hammarby Sjöstad,the students suggest measures in the form of activity plans, which containpossible ideas and solutions for each of the issues, as well as suggestions, whocan implement them. The feasibility of these solutions in a newly built districtas well as the role of ElectriCITY in implementing them and to what extent theCityLab-certification actually measures/adresses the sustainability of a districtare discussed.Some of the solutions are seen as unfeasible, since they are too expensive ordifficult to argue for, since they require a major physical change, like changingthe insulation of the buildings. Other ideas related to education, betteranalyses of the relevant indicators and community initiatives might be easier toimplement. The students see ElectriCITY in the role of the coordinator, initiatorand mediator of possible projects. Through connecting the ElectriCITY activitiesas well as their aims and visions to the CityLab targets, the connection of theinitiative to the SDGs is drawn. The closest relation can be found to the goalsthat deal with energy use and climate impacts, as well as sustainable cities andconsumption. Another possible focus that is discussed is partnerships on thegoals, since the initiative already focuses on partnerships and connectionswithin a smaller range.
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| 14. |
- Olson, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Mind the gap! Backcasting local actors? : climate transition in Hammarby Sjo?stad, Stockholm
- 2021
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Ingår i: Futures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-3287 .- 1873-6378. ; 128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change calls for rapid and extensive transition worldwide, and citizen empowerment is a key to change at city district level. A backcasting study in Stockholm?s recent brownfield development Hammarby Sjo?stad explores this, asking: ?What must local actors do to reduce citizens? consumption-based emissions by half till 2030? ?Individual actors? transition pathways are explorative and concern ground transport, food, housing, aviation and other consumption. In a quantitative scenario, these pathways are scaled up to district level, asking ?How many actors must do how much, to reach the target?? An interwoven qualitative approach highlights organizational aspects. The upscaled backcasting scenario is normative, in part prognostic and explorative. Feasibility is ensured through integrating the issues of ?What to Change? and? Change by Whom?. Results indicate that the local target is feasible if most actors maximize the use of their individual transition pathways. Additionally, Stockholm City and other external actors must realize their targets, including technological development. New organizational models must involve energy managers, supermarkets, car sharing companies etc. as change agents. The whole is catalyzed by a citizen engagement process, driven by local network builder and transition agent ElectriCITY, enabled through action research within the Sharing Cities Sweden research and innovation program.
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| 15. |
- Senkatuka, Ian, 1970-
(författare)
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Management with the People : An Enabling Approach to Neighbourhood Road Infrastructure Management in Kampala City
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapid urbanization occurring in many developing countries coupled with the constraints they are facing, has affected road infrastructure service delivery by public authorities charged with managing them. In Kampala City’s mixed income neighbourhood areas that have a disparity between neighbourhood community members, inadequate neighbourhood road management by Kampala City Council who are charged with managing these roads has led to neighbourhood roads that are in a poor state of disrepair, and do not meet many of the needs of their users. A number of interventions have been attempted to improve service delivery with limited success.Given this background, a modified or different approach to the management of neighbourhoodroads may be needed if the neighbourhood roads are to be able to meet the needs of their users.Opportunities exist within the neighbourhoods and their external environment that may be able to enhance neighbourhood road management. The neighbourhood community might be able to participate in the management of their neighbourhood roads, enabling them to meet the needs of their users. There is a lack of knowledge about community participation, and how the neighbourhood community could participate in the management of neighbourhood roads that might not be a priority to some ofthem, given their other needs. The community participation process is unclear to the neighbourhood community and to the public authorities. The main objective of this research study was to produce knowledge that shows how the management of neighbourhood roads in Kampala can be improved through participation, andthus better meet the needs and wants of its users. The Case Study Method was used to undertake the research, with neighbourhood areas being purposefully selected in Kampala City. In the selected neighbourhood areas, which were located on both public and private land, some members of the neighbourhood community had attempted to participate in the improvement of their neighbourhood roads in a manner that didnot meet the needs of their users. Different data collection methods that included a review of litterature and official records, a survey, interviews, focus group discussions, and observation,were utilized. The results of the thesis reveal that community participation could be used in the management of neighbourhood roads in neighbourhoods such as those found in Kampala City i.e. with a social and economic disparity between neighbourhood community members, to meet the needs of some of their users given the constraints that exist in the neighbourhoods. This would call for an enabling environment, the enhancement of the sense of community, an approach that meets theneeds of community members with other priorities, and the use of components of the enabling strategy. This can be done with support from other stakeholders. The neighbourhood communityand the other stakeholders with a role to play in the management of the neighbourhood roads atneighbourhood, city or national level, need to understand their roles in the process and to genuinely support the activity. Factors that enhance and affect community participation that can be utilized and mitigated exist in the neighbourhood and in its external environment. A community participation process that allows for flexibility, and the roles of the different stakeholders involved in the management of the neighbourhood roads are outlined. An enabling community participation model for the management of neighbourhood roads was subsequently developed. The findings will contribute to the ability of the neighbourhood community to participate in the management of their neighbourhood roads in Kampala city’s neighbourhoods, although furtherresearch from different disciplines will be needed to add to it. City authorities in Kampala should manage the neighbourhood roads using a two-pronged approach that would utilise both the provider model and the supporter model that would involve a partnership between the city and the community, if neighbourhood roads in the city are to bemanaged effectively to meet the needs of their users.
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| 16. |
- Svane, Örjan
(författare)
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A sustainable neighbourhood : a place and its people, its services and exchange with nature
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna avhandling presenteras en teori, som syftar till att främja utvecklingen av miljöarbete i bostadsförvaltning. Ett litet grannskap, dess tjänster till de boende och dess utbyte med naturen studeras. Miljöarbetets övergripande mål är att göra utbytet mellan natur och grannskap mera uthålligt utan att minska värdet på tillhandahållna tjänster. Bostadsföretagets anställda och de boende är miljöarbetets aktörer, ansvariga för dess förverkligande. Miljöarbetets yttersta mål är "Ett uthålligt grannskap". Skillnaden mellan detta tillstånd och dagens genomsnittliga utbyte visar vad som är mer eller mindre svårt att förändra och vilka egenskaper hos grannskapet som kan hotas. Teorin är därför delvis normativ, anger hur saker borde vara, eller syftar åtminstone till att underlätta för aktörerna att fatta beslut som främjar ett bra miljöarbete. I det första kapitlet, A Small Neighbourhood (Ett litet grannskap), introduceras teorins viktigaste begrepp i form av en begreppslig modell. I kapitlet Architecture, Economics and Physics (Arkitektur, ekonomi och fysik) härleds teorin från litteratur och dess viktigaste begrepp diskuteras närmare. Ytterligare två modeller presenteras och diskuteras i Exchange - Today and for the Grandchildren (Utbytet- idag och för våra barnbarn). I den första kvantifieras det uthålliga utbytet mellan ett litet grannskap och naturen, i den andra kvantifieras dagens genomsnittliga utbyte på motsvarande sätt. I det sista kapitlet, On Theory, Systems and Models (Om teori, system och modeller), behandlas avhandlingen som vetenskapligt arbete. Källor och metoder beskrivs, resultatens autenticitet och trovärdighet diskuteras.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Svane, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Compromise and learning when negotiating sustainabilities : The brownfield development of hammarby sjöstad, stockholm
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1946-3138 .- 1946-3146. ; 3:2, s. 141-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the environmental management of Stockholm's large brownfield development Hammarby Sjöstad through the concept of negotiating sustainabilities. An Environmental Programme injected exceptional aims into an ongoing, ordinary planning process involving developers, consultants, contractors and other stakeholders. In parallel, a project team was established and given the task of realising aims through governing, networking, negotiation and persuasion. Discourse theory is used to analyse the epistemological disagreement between actors on how to operationalise the aims. Theories on governance networks and meta-governance facilitate the understanding of the project team's role in negotiations. The analysis is divided into two parts: ‘Playing the game’ focuses on the aim contents and how these were negotiated between actors, while ‘… but the game was staged’ highlights how negotiations were conditioned from the outside. The results indicate that negotiations on, for example, development contracts were circumscribed by a prehistory of institutional and interactive positioning, thus leaving only a small imprint on the actual outcome. Negotiations during events unburdened by path dependency affected outcomes more. Staging of the project team's activities was initially strong, but gradually waned. Learning within the team was rapid and gradually resulted in a higher level of aim fulfilment. After 10 years, learning is clearly discernible in other Stockholm developments too, such as the Royal Seaport. International interest, as manifested through study visits to the area, remains high. The main general lessons learned include the need for introducing exceptional aims and project organisations early in the project, and the potentially positive effects of active networking to increase actor collaboration and thus the project's field of options.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Svane, Örjan
(författare)
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Energy Efficiency in Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm through ICT and smarter infrastructure : survey and potentials
- 2013
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Ingår i: ICT4S 2013. - Zürich. ; , s. 190-196
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internationally, Stockholm’s brownfield development Hammarby Sjöstad is seen as one of the world’s highest profile examples of Sustainable City Development. Is its energy efficiency already optimal, or is there an untapped potential for "Renewing a New City", for example through the innovative implementation of ICT? This is the main issue of the study reported in this paper. In the mid 1990s, after some five years of comprehensive planning, the City's politicians and leading officials agreed that Hammarby Sjöstad should be the Olympic Village when applying for the 2004 Olympic Games. To strengthen the application, an environmental programme was passed in the city parliament, a project team comprising representatives of the main city administrations was established, and the team was given the task of injecting the novel features of the programme into an ongoing, ordinary planning process [1, 2]. In 1997, the Olympic committee gave the Games to Athens. Nonetheless, the environmental programme and the project team were retained, and for more than a decade of construction the area has been marketed as a spearhead of urban sustainable development [3, 4]. However, evaluations indicate that its energy efficiency is average if benchmarked towards other developments of the same period [5]. Dispersion is wide, a factor three. As part of development, the national government subsidized a number of projects to support the environmental profile, some of them being targeted towards ICT and "smart homes" technology [6, 7, 8, 9]. This is interesting, since it is often argued that the innovative application of ICT should markedly increase energy efficiency [10]. In research at KTH, Stockholm, we therefore explore this as applied to Hammarby Sjöstad: To what extent do systems rely on smart infrastructure to control energy use and its impacts – in the electric system, in the district heating? Does ICT integrate citywide and local energy system components through automation, does ICT interact with operators, managers or residents, informing or persuading them to be energy efficient? For the purpose of this study, smart infrastructure is defined as systems that make it easy for users and managers to keep energy use and its impacts low, without compromising utility or comfort Data is collected from documents and interviews. Eight real estate units with elements of smart infrastructure were identified. Thus, about 5 per cent of the flats have this feature, mainly to automatically integrate novel components such as photovoltaics or geothermal energy into the large-scale ordinary energy systems. There is also a single example of a passive house. This is the only Sjöstad real estate unit to comply with the original energy objectives of using no more than 60 kWh/m2yr. The addition of local energy sources to a large-scale energy system influences the routines of operators and managers, introducing an element of smartness. It was also found that in a few cases, buildings were provided with “smart homes technology”, i.e. ICT that actively interacts with the residents. However, findings indicate that some of the technology does not function properly or has already become obsolete. In three cases, managers and owners are ignorant whether an element of smart infrastructure is operational or not. On the other hand, already from 2000 on, the district was provided with a comprehensive fibre network, which is still up to date. From this follows that on district level the potential for smart infrastructure is there, but as mentioned it is only in part utilised in the individual buildings.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Svane, Örjan
(författare)
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Helping, Informing or Coaxing the Consumer? : Exploring Persuasive Technology as applied to households’ energy use
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Nordic Consumer Policy Research Conference 2007.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Let us assume, that people could be persuaded to reduce their energy use in the home through a“dialogue” with a computer. What information, what means of persuasion could the dialogueconsist of? Which is the technical hardware? Who persuades, and what about personal integrity?In this paper we explore the merging of two computer-based technologies – “smart homes” and“persuasive technology”.There are computer programmes that persuade children to brush their teeth, and others thatsupport regular physical exercise: Persuasive technology combines the persuasive powers of TVadvertising with the computers’ interactive information handling. Smart homes technologyprovides residents with information and control, to keep a good indoor climate and a smallenergy bill. However, the merging of these two concepts has not been explored.Energy use in housing is a considerable part of society’s whole and the potentials for reductionthrough changes in the consumers’ habits are large. Often, dwellings’ indoor climate couldbecome better through simple measures. There might be a conflict between low energy use andgood indoor climate; but on the whole, better control can achieve both. Therefore it is worthwhileto explore how “smart homes” technology could be developed to include computerizedpersuasion.Based on a “Master’s Class” at TU Eindhoven and a literature review, we discuss:• How can households be persuaded to reduce their energy use through interaction with acomputer?• Which are the technical prerequisites?• How much could be saved?• What forms could the persuasive dialogue take?• What differences in control and persuasion follow from the form of tenure?• Which are the ethical restrictions?We don’t assume that this kind of persuasion is by necessity a good thing. Instead, we explore theissue to enable discussion on its merits and shortcomings – in terms of environmental impacts,comfort, health, technology and consumer ethics.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Svane, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Kampala City’s Neighbourhood Roads : More Than just a Transit Conduit
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faced with many constraints, the infrastructure provider - Kampala City Council, is failing to manage the neighbourhood roads in Kampala City. Many of them are therefore in a poor state of disrepair. This is evidenced by; the potholes that can be seen in many of them, the poor storm water drains, the lack of clearly defined pedestrian walkways, etc. This affects the comfort and the convenience of vehicular and pedestrian users, from inside and outside the neighbourhood, especially during the rainy seasons. To attempt to improve the management of these neighbourhood roads, and their actual state, it is important to look at the way the neighbourhood roads are used. This paper looks at neighbourhood roads found in neighbourhood areas, in Uganda's capital city Kampala that is urbanising rapidly. The development of the theoretical framework is still ongoing. However this research identifies with a number of theoretical fields that will be utilised in this study. The first is the management of neighbourhood road infrastructure, the second is the neighbourhood roads and their use, and the third is the actors/agents of change. In each of these theoretical frameworks, relevant concepts will be identified. Included in the theories of urban management will be the concepts of: urban governance, participation and self-help. Others concepts used will include place attachment by residents and other users, social cohesion by members of the community, and home based enterprises that serve road users. Not much research has been done that combines the three aspects described above, or that looks at the neighbourhood road from a wider perspective. Neighbourhood roads are looked at as a distinct technical element of the actual neighbourhood that enables people to move from one place to another. However the relationship between the road and the neighbourhood's people is not taken into consideration. The neighbourhood road is mainly seen as a transit conduit. However is that all it is used for? What does the neighbourhood road do for the local people who live along it or off it, and to others who use it? What potential improvements can be identified to improve it The neighbourhood roads in Kampala city need to be looked at with a wider perspective, for it is used for many more activities, other than as a transit route. Case Study Methodology: As part of an ongoing PHD research study, a case study of a selected road located within Kansanga in Makindye division, which is a mixed income neighbourhood of Kampala City, is being undertaken to show how the road is used, and how people living along and off it, relate to it. This case was chosen because it is information rich, and will be able to show how different income groups use and relate to the neighbourhood road. Preliminary results from the case study confirmed that in addition to being used as a transit conduit, the neighbourhood road is used for many more activities that include trade, social activities, etc. Facilities for trade that can be found along neighbourhood roads include groceries, fruit and vegetable stalls, charcoal stalls, bars, etc. The identified uses of the neighbourhood road, involve many stakeholders, some of who depend on it. However while the road is a means of livelihood to some, to others it is an insecure boundary to their properties. They use it to as a means of getting to a place where they feel secure and seclude themselves from it using boundary walls, gates, etc, as they try to protect themselves from crime. Preliminary results also highlighted the poor state of the neighbourhood road that will need to be improved, to make it comfortable and convenient for all its many users. It is therefore in their common interest to improve it. With this wider definition of the neighbourhood road and what it is used for, a wider group of stakeholders can be identified. From this it follows that new opportunities for improving the management and the maintenance of the neighbourhood road can be found. Some of the stakeholders identified, may be able to contribute to the improvement of the road, or they may be potential managers of the neighbourhood road, complementing or supplementing Kampala City Council in its role, if their needs can be met .The creation of community organisations and the involvement of the community in improving the neighbourhood roads, could also contribute to the development of a sense of community in the neighbourhood, which may lead to a safer neighbourhood. Thus looking at the road through a wider perspective should provide knowledge that could contribute to the improved management and the overall improvement of neighbourhood roads in Kampala city.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Svane, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
-
MAMMUT – Managing the Metabolism of Urbanization : Testing Theory through a Pilot Study of the Stockholm Underground
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Development. - : Wiley. - 0968-0802 .- 1099-1719. ; 14:5, s. 312-326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research project MAMMUT explores synergies between the processes of urbanization and sustainable development. In a pilot study, we tested the assumption that the concept of situations of opportunity can define the project's unit of analysis. We applied MAMMUT's conceptual framework to the Stockholm Underground, identified that situation's formative moment (1941, when main decisions were taken) and analysed its prehistory and factual outcome. To illustrate its field of options, a counterfactual highway and roads scenario was developed. For outcome and scenario, we outlined the resulting urban structure, the institutions of development and operation and the households' ways of life, and assessed environmental impacts. The situation concept was found to be useful for identifying and analysing synergies between urbanization and sustainable development. It needs to be further developed to study the relationships between its four disciplinary aspects. Applying it to futurological studies calls for methodological development including scenario techniques and backcasting.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Svane, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
-
Negotiated outcomes - Actor-oriented modelling of energy efficiency in a Stockholm city district renewal
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th Biennial Meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society. ; , s. 1768-1775
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- "What if the renewal of Rinkeby-Kista, Stockholm, were to make it part of a 2 kW Society?" Renewal of the city district's 25 000 flats from the 1970s is due and a network organisation, "Järva Boost" is established. A cross-disciplinary team of KTH researchers develop a computerised model to simulate energy efficiency gains resulting from actors' decisions. Inputs are measures that building owners, energy providers, residents, planners etc. might propose. They can be technical institutional or socio-cultural. Outputs are energy use in kW/person and CO2 emissions. To guide model development, an "ideal type" usage situation is outlined. The energy system is modelled "upstream" from end use, to identify larger efficiency potentials. The model interface is designed to enable the "staging" of actors' negotiations: The manager influences the properties of the climate shell, the residents the energy used for cooking, and the energy provider the primary energy mix. The concepts of "Household Activities System" and "Energy Usage Systems" give theoretical framework for modelling. The former conceptualises residents' activities, the latter the technology providing services to the activity. Simulations give contrasting outcomes: "business as usual" vs. "most favourable". Used in practice, simulations might simplify negotiations and coming to agreement.
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| 37. |
- Svane, Örjan
(författare)
-
Nordic consumers and the challenge for sustainable housing
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Development. - : Wiley. - 0968-0802 .- 1099-1719. ; 10:1, s. 51-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Nordic countries, housing is one of society's greatest users of resources. Making housing more sustainable will call for changes in buildings, management routines and residents' habits, each having its possibilities as well as a built in resistance against change. Households might play a key role in this change, directly as consumers, but also indirectly and jointly as pressure groups towards real estate owners, managers and local society. Making housing more sustainable can be seen as society's 'sustainability challenge' to the housing consumers. In this paper, the extent of this challenge is discussed for the households of the Nordic countries, for different types of ownership and building etc. Its realization is seen in a ten-year perspective and in relation to the acquisition, maintenance, operation and use of the dwellings. Preliminary results indicate that a move to a new dwelling will give the household an opportunity to influence many aspects of its environmental impacts, but that moving will have little direct effect on the environmental performance of the built environment as a whole. Furthermore, that the activities of daily living have a potential for improvement without the inertia of reconstructing the building stock. In the end, however, co-operation between households and other stakeholders of the building sector is often a prerequisite for change.
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| 38. |
- Svane, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
-
Routines and Communities of Practice in Public Environmental Procurement Processes
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Environmental procurement has received increasing attention as a policy tool promoting change towards sustainable consumption and production. The successful implementation of public environmental procurement policy requires the establishment of new routines for user-producer-supplier relationships that enable the integration of environmental aspects. The aim of the study is to analyse the roles of different communities of practice and learning patterns in environmental procurement processes. Building on experiences from the procurement of ecological food and sustainable construction in Stockholm, the paper identifies learning patterns and codes of practice when environmental criteria are introduced into existing routines for economic and technical specifications in public procurement processes.
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| 39. |
- Svane, Örjan
(författare)
-
Situations of Opportunity : Hammarby Sjöstad and Stockholm City’s Process of Environmental Management
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. - : Wiley. - 1535-3958 .- 1535-3966. ; 15:2, s. 76-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hammarby Sjöstad is a large brownfield development in Stockholm guided by extensive environmental objectives. This case study focuses on the environmental management of the city's project team. A main aim was methodology development related to the concept of situations of opportunity - how to study those periods when the team had great influence over the process. Goal conflicts on for example energy use and the lake view were identified. The team used policy instruments such as development contracts and design competitions. Some of the situations identified contributed little to the environmental management, for example the detailed planning. Others were more successful, for example the integration of infrastructural systems. Success situations were unique or created by the team, and had less formal power. Other situations had more power, but were burdened with a prehistory of routines and agreements. The methodology should also be applicable to other processes of environmental management.
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| 40. |
- Svane, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
-
Situations of Opportunity in City Transformation : – enriching evaluative case study methodology with scenarios and backcasting, exploring the sustainable development of three Stockholm city districts
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the ENHR Conference 2009, Prague.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To keep global warming at 2°C, society faces challenges of a totally new magnitude. In Swedenlike any high-income country, it becomes a powerful driving force in city transformation. Tackling this challenge of urban sustainable development poses problems for planners and researchers alike: What planning processes, what urban structures enable transformation, how can planners and other actors combine forces to deliberate themselves from path dependency,extending their freedom of action? In this paper, we explore how evaluative case study methodology merged with techniques from Futures Studies provide a cross-disciplinary research approach that defines the challenge in scope and time while retaining its complexity. Case studies are in-depth analyses of a small number of units, enabling studies of complex phenomena; for us, complexity means integrating the issues of What to change and change by Whom in order to explore How change can come about and evaluate How much it could contributeto urban sustainable development. How can this approach be developed to explore the future? Futures Studies can indicate the probable or supply visions of the desirable, it can be normative or descriptive. For our purpose, it is normative, focusing on the long-term necessityof mitigating global warming. Through it, we develop scenarios that explore the path of transformation of three Stockholm City Districts, from today’s climate changing society towardsa 2060s vision of a low carbon, low energy society. From historical studies we learned that there are shorter periods – Situations of Opportunity – when inertia against change is low. This concept we now apply to future Situations, making these our cases proper. For each Situation in every district we develop three representations of their realisation in the upcomingdecades: the Final Scenario is a narrative of the whole, seen from the future; the computerisedEnergy Usage Model quantifies outcomes in terms of reduced energy use; the Transformative Governance Network illustrates the process of change, its agents and their forms of co-operation. Elements of the approach could contribute to the practice of planning.
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| 41. |
- Svane, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
-
Situations of Opportunity in City Transformation– enriching evaluative case study methodology with scenarios and backcasting, exploring the sustainable development of three Stockholm city districts
- 2009
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To keep global warming at 2°C, society faces challenges of a totally new magnitude. In Sweden like any high-income country, it becomes a powerful driving force in city transformation.Tackling this challenge of urban sustainable development poses problems for planners and researchers alike: What planning processes, what urban structures enable transformation, how can planners and other actors combine forces to deliberate themselves from path dependency, extending their freedom of action? In this paper, we explore how evaluative case study methodology merged with techniques from Futures Studies provide a cross-disciplinary research approach that defines the challenge in scope and time while retaining its complexity. Case studies are in-depth analyses of a small number of units, enabling studies of complex phenomena; for us, complexity means integrating the issues of Whom to urban sustainable development. How can this approach be developed to explore the future? Futures Studies can indicate the probable or supply visions of the desirable, it can be normative or descriptive. For our purpose, it is normative, focusing on the long-term necessity of mitigating global warming. Through it, we develop scenarios that explore the path of transformation of three Stockholm City Districts, from today’s climate changing society towards a 2060s vision of a low carbon, low energy society. From historical studies we learned that there are shorter periods – Situations of Opportunity – when inertia against change is low. This concept we now apply to future Situations, making these our cases proper. For each Situation in every district we develop three representations of their realisation in the upcoming decades: the Final Scenario is a narrative of the whole, seen from the future; the computerised Energy Usage Model quantifies outcomes in terms of reduced energy use; the Transformative Governance Network illustrates the process of change, its agents and their forms of co-operation. Elements of the approach could contribute to the practice of planning.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Svenfelt, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Decreased energy use in buildings by 50% by 2050 : a backcasting study using stakeholder groups
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 78:5, s. 785-796
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a backcasting study focusing on fulfilment of a national target to decrease energy consumption in residential and commercial buildings by 50% by 2050 compared with the consumption in 1995, and identifying possible measures for achieving it. A method based on a combination of backcasting methodology and focus group methodology was used. Two different scenarios were developed. They were used in discussions with stakeholders in the building sector, to explore and identify measures and actors important for target fulfillment. The main outcomes were ideas for strategies and measures needed to achieve the target. The current potential for target fulfilment was also analysed and discussed. The discussions in the different stakeholder groups were mainly concerned with changes in attitude and behaviour and the need for radical changes in social structures. For example, enhanced communication between actors in the building chain, and the need for relevant feedback in order to illustrate the link between the effort in decreasing energy use and actual outcome. The findings suggest that there is sufficient technical potential to achieve the target by 2050 but that this potential will not be realised to a sufficient extent. Achieving the target would be facilitated by policy that is oriented more towards identifying actors with direct influence to promote change. An analysis of incentives for these actors to act, and how different actors can cooperate for energy-efficient solutions should be integrated into the process of suggesting and implementing policy measures.
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| 45. |
- Thoresson, Josefin
(författare)
-
Omställning – Tillväxt – Effektivisering : Energifrågor vid renovering av flerbostadshus
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Flerbostadshus anses viktiga för att minska energianvändningen i byggnader, och potentialen att energieffektivisera i samband med renovering är stor. Denna studie behandlar hur arbete med energifrågor genomförs i renovering av flerbostadshus byggda under miljonprogrammet i stadsdelen Östra Sätra i Gävle. Avhandlingens analytiska verktyg baseras på perspektiv utvecklade inom teknik och vetenskapsstudier (STS) och aktörsnätverksteori (ANT) samt urbana studier. I studien utvecklas och tillämpas verktyget energisammansättningar. Genom en symmetrisk ansats studeras energifrågors definition och innehåll i renoveringen genom att spåra kedjor av översättningar. Det empiriska underlaget är kvalitativa intervjuer, mål- och strategidokument, beslutsprotokoll och observationer.Avhandlingen visar att energiarbetets innehåll flätades samman med exempelvis kommunal planering och energipolitik, med bostadsbolagets befintliga arbetssätt för renoveringar och dess relationer till sina kunder, samt med lagen för allmännyttiga bostadsbolag. Studien identifierar också att spänningar uppstod i energiarbetet inom flera områden. Dessa rör hur de ekonomiska vinsterna och kostnaderna för energiarbete ska beräknas och fördelas, översättningar av energimål, var och hur energiarbete ska prioriteras i den bebyggda miljön, i vilken takt energiarbetet ska ske och hur de boende ska delta i energiarbete. Studien visar att energieffektiviserande åtgärder prioriterades i renoveringen så länge som de beräknades vara ekonomiskt affärsmässiga och en del av det allmännyttiga arbetet, men även hur förändringar var svåra att genomföra om de utmanade eller förändrade befintliga relationer och arbetssätt. Det gällde särskilt i relationen till de boende i området och till ekonomiska kostnader för renoveringen.
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| 46. |
- Wangel, Josefin, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Engineers of the future : using scenarios methods in sustainable development education
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Engineering Education for Sustainable Development, Cambridge, UK. September 22 – 25, 2013.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scenario methods are used and taught in a variety of courses related to sustainable development by teachers at KTH – the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. In this article we explore how futures studies approaches, understood in a wide sense, can contribute to education for sustainable development. Based on our experiences from these courses, we identify positive outcomes as well as some key challenges. The four courses presented and discussed in the paper include 3rd through 5th year courses from engineering programmes in urban planning, media technology, and industrial design.
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| 47. |
- Wangel, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
-
Goal-based socio-technical scenarios : Greening the mobility practices in the Stockholm City District of Bromma, Sweden
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Futures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-3287 .- 1873-6378. ; 47, s. 79-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a new five-part method for developing goal-based socio-technical scenarios. In the first part, Scenario 'Seeds' are identified or created. The Scenario Content part focuses on the question of what could be changed and by whom, a fundamental element being iterative identification of objects and actors of change. Scenario Outcome focuses on the question of how to assess the potential contribution of these changes, estimated through modelling the scenario in terms of energy usage systems. Scenario Process explores the question of how to develop and represent a scenario in terms of a process of governance. Scenario Content, Outcome and Process are then combined into a Final Scenario which is further assessed and evaluated using qualitative methods. The development of Scenario Content is tested and exemplified in this paper through a scenario study of green mobility in the district of Bromma in Stockholm, Sweden. Preliminary findings indicate that by supporting explicit inclusion of actors and 'the social' aspect, the what-who iteration in Scenario Content also helps identify opportunities and obstacles of a social character, thus contributing to creation of socio-technically more consistent and comprehensive scenarios.
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| 48. |
- Wangel, Josefin
(författare)
-
Making Futures : On Targets, Measures and Governance in Backcasting and Planning
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about the making of futures – in the sense of planning, through which the world of tomorrow is crafted, and in the sense of images of the future, developed through the futures studies approach of backcasting. The point of departure for the thesis is that more visionary and strategic forms of planning are needed if the challenges of sustainable development are to be met, and that backcasting, through its long-term, integrative and normative character, can be a helpful tool towards this end.The thesis explores how backcasting can be used when planning for sustainability by looking into three areas of problems and possibilities. The first of these concerns target setting, for which was found that both backcasting and planning tend to use targets that are elusive, rendering it difficult to understand what is included in the target and what is omitted. As a way to rectify this, a framework of methodological considerations for target setting is presented (Paper I). There is also a need for further methodological development on how to set targets for environmental aspects other than energy and GHG gases.The second area concerns the identification of measures and actors, where both backcasting and planning were found to have the problem of being techno-biased and/or taking a rather superficial approach to ‘the social’ which means that the socio-technical complexity of everyday life is left unattended (Paper II). This has consequences in terms of delimiting the scope of measures identified and proposed and of the potential of these to result in intended changes. Two approaches are suggested to deal with this: a methodology for developing socio-technical scenarios, in which an iterative identification of objects and agents of change is a central trait (Paper III), and a service-orientated energy efficiency analysis, in which the social logic of energy use is highlighted (Paper IV).The third area concerns how backcasting can be used in a more explorative approach to the governance of change, instead of leaving this unaddressed and/or unaltered (Paper V). In relation to this, the institutional and political dimensions of planning for sustainability are emphasised, with the focus on path dependency, discursive power and critical junctures (Paper VI).The connection described between the fields of backcasting and planning for sustainability study and practice is thus beneficial for planning by showing how this could be made more visionary and strategic, while also contributing to the theoretical and methodological advancement of backcasting. One of the main contributions of the thesis is the exploration of how backcasting studies could benefit from including the question of ‘Who?’: Who could make the changes happen? Who should change (whose) lifestyle? Who (what group/s in society) benefits and who loses from the images of the future that are developed? And who is invited to take part in the making of futures and whose futures are being heard? Including the question of ‘who’ highlights the normative character of sustainable development and makes issues of environmental justice and equity visible.The formulation of images of the future is also a question of resources and ultimately of power. In relation to this there is a need for groups of society besides those in power to be encouraged to develop their images of the (sustainable, desired) future, and to give room for these in policy-making and planning. The openness of the future renders desirability and ethics, and not probability, the basis on which the feasibility of images of the future must be assessed.
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| 49. |
- Weingaertner, Carina, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Daladala Buses Deregulated - Analysing Urbanization's Situations of Oppotunity via Tanzanian Example
- 2008
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning. - : WIT Press. - 1743-7601. ; 3:1, s. 16-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the development and growth of cities, certain stages or segments in time are considered more important than the others. Analysts have identifi ed these points in time as ‘formative moments’, ‘policy windows’ or ‘situations of opportunity’, and argue that they present policy makers and stakeholders with a unique opportunity to implement change. Thus, in an ongoing project, Managing the Metabolism of Urbanisation (MAMMUT), we need methods for identifying and analysing this kind of situations in historical processes as well as in backcasting from future scenarios. When did these situations open up and what did they consist of? Was the process intentional, accidental or even the effect of an evolutionary process? Furthermore, which was, in terms of the MAMMUT project, the ‘fi eld of options’ available to the stakeholders? (in historical situations, we can identify counterfactual alternatives though they were not elaborate or even considered at that time). From political scientist Rothstein we get the means for identifying formative moments in institutional processes of decision-making. Elinor Ostrom supplies theory that should facilitate the analysis of situations of opportunity. In order to test the feasibility of these methods in the project, we related them to fi ndings from an empirical pilot study on the city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In the pilot study, the situation of opportunity is the deregulation and privatisation of the Daladala local bus transport system from the 1970s. The pilot study indicates that this turnover indeed was a formative moment or a situation of opportunity, albeit a missed one. Furthermore, these methods could also be used for analysis, at least of the institutional aspect of the situation. The social and urban structural aspects as well as the assessment of the outcome in terms of environmental impacts call for a wider set of methodologies.
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| 50. |
- Weingaertner, Carina, 1978-
(författare)
-
Identifying Strategic Initiatives to Promote Urban Sustainability
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- is thesis explores the overarching topic of the capacity of strategic urban development decisions and initiatives (including planning initiatives) to positively and powerfully influence the ability of a city to promote sustainable patterns of development. The work is presented in six scientific papers, the first four of which focus on the development of an inter-disciplinary conceptual framework and research methodology. The concept of Situations of Opportunity and its related Field of Options is proposed as a means to identify and analyse periods in the growth of cities when urbanisation can be more easily managed so as to promote sustainable development goals. Historical studies in the cities of Stockholm, Dar es Salaam and Curitiba are used to develop the methodology. Another paper looks ahead and refines the methodology in combination with future studies, presenting a research strategy that employs Situations of Opportunity as a means to identify and explore periods in the future urban growth with significant potential for change. Building on the method developed, the remaining two papers consider the social dimension of sustainable development and how it can be promoted in the urban context, during ongoing Situations of Opportunity. The concept of social sustainability is reviewed and discussed from two different disciplinary perspectives (urban development; companies and products), exploring commonalities and differences in approaches, and identifying core themes that cross disciplinary boundaries. A case study of Eastside, a brownfield redevelopment site in Birmingham (UK), reveals how the retention of established small food outlets can provide opportunities for promoting social sustainability goals in an urban regeneration area. Overall, this thesis provides a better understanding of how transformative change can happen in cities. The Situations of Opportunity concept developed here can be a helpful way to study strategic initiatives that promote sustainability in cities.
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