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| 10. |
- Thurfjell, M G, et al.
(författare)
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Effect on sensitivity and specificity of mammography screening with or without comparison of old mammograms
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 41:1, s. 52-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate the effect of old mammograms on the specificity and sensitivity of radiologists in mammography screening. Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty sets of screening mammograms were examined by 3 experienced screeners twice: once without and once in comparison with older mammograms. The films came from a population-based screening done during the first half of 1994 and comprised all 35 cancers detected during screening in 1994, 12/24 interval cancers, 14/34 cancers detected in the following screening and 89 normal mammograms. Results: Without old mammograms, the screeners detected an average of 40.3 cancers (range 37-42), with a specificity of 87% (85-88%). With old mammograms, the screeners detected 37.7 cancers (range 34-42) with a specificity of 96% (94-99%). The change in detection rate was not significant. However, the increase in specificity was significant for each screener (p=0.0002-0.03). Conclusion: Mammography screening with old mammograms available for comparison decreased the false-positive recall rate. The effect on sensitivity, however, was unclear.
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| 12. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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- Davidsson, Kent, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Potassium, chlorine, and sulfur in ash, particles, deposits, and corrosion during wood combustion in a circulating fluidized-bed boiler
- 2007
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 21:1, s. 71-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of the addition of chlorine and/or sulfur to the fuel on fly ash composition, deposit formation, and superheater corrosion has been studied during biomass combustion in a circulating fluidized-bed boiler. The chlorine (HCl (aq)) and sulfur (SO2 (g)) were added in proportions of relevance for the potassium chemistry. The composition of the bottom and the fly ashes was analyzed. Gas and particle measurements were performed downstream of the cyclone before the convection pass and the flue gas composition was recorded in the stack with a series of standard instruments and an FTIR analyzer. At the position downstream of the cyclone, a deposit probe was situated, simulating a superheater tube. Deposits on the probe and initial corrosion were examined. It is concluded that addition of sulfur and chlorine increases the formation of submicron particles leading to deposition of potassium sulfate and chloride. The results compare well with earlier work based on laboratory-scale experiments concerning effects of chlorine and sulfur on potassium chemistry.
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| 19. |
- Donia, M., et al.
(författare)
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Acquired Immune Resistance Follows Complete Tumor Regression without Loss of Target Antigens or IFN gamma Signaling
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - : American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 77:17, s. 4562-4566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer immunotherapy can result in durable tumor regressions in some patients. However, patients who initially respond often experience tumor progression. Here, we report mechanistic evidence of tumoral immune escape in an exemplary clinical case: a patient with metastatic melanoma who developed disease recurrence following an initial, unequivocal radiologic complete regression after T-cell-based immunotherapy. Functional cytotoxic T-cell responses, including responses to one mutant neoantigen, were amplified effectively with therapy and generated durable immunologic memory. However, these immune responses, including apparently effective surveillance of the tumor mutanome, did not prevent recurrence. Alterations of the MHC class I antigen-processing and presentation machinery (APM) in resistant cancer cells, but not antigen loss or impaired IFN gamma signaling, led to impaired recognition by tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. Our results suggest that future immunotherapy combinations should take into account targeting cancer cells with intact and impaired MHC class I-related APM. Loss of target antigens or impaired IFN gamma signaling does not appear to be mandatory for tumor relapse after a complete radiologic regression. Personalized studies to uncover mechanisms leading to disease recurrence within each individual patient are warranted.
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| 20. |
- Elfors, Susanna, 1972-
(författare)
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Environmental Research as a Tool for Change : Theoretical and methodological implications from two case studies producing knowledge for environmentally sustainable housing
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The theme of this thesis is environmental research as a tool for change. In the first part of the thesis a “Situation of Opportunity” is studied, i.e. a situation when the opportunities to reduce negative environmental impacts are larger than usual. The maintenance of a multi- family residential area, here called a Small Neighbourhood, is studied as a series of Situations of Opportunity. To explore the prerequisites for using maintenance as a Situation of Opportunity, two case studies were carried out and reported as a licentiate thesis. The first one on the rental area Idö-Våldö in Stockholm managed by the association Stockholms Kooperativa Bostadsförening (SKB), and the second one on Järven, a housing cooperative in Malmö that cooperates with the management organisation HSB Malmö. In the study the researcher developed long-term environmental strategies based on the planned maintenance of the areas. Besides exploring the prerequisites for using planned maintenance as a Situation of Opportunity, the intention was that the studies would initiate an environmental practice within the areas studied. Results indicated that maintenance, at least in principle, creates many possibilities for reducing negative environmental impacts and that it to some extent also can be used for creating a dialogue between residents and managers. However, the conditions for using maintenance in the cases studied were limited by low interest among the residents as well as the economical and organisational prerequisites of the cases. The studies did not initiate an environmental practice as intended. The reason for that might be the mentioned conditions, but it could also depend on the researcher’s limited knowledge on action-oriented and collaborative research. Thus, the second part of the thesis aims at developing a research methodology for such research. Based on empirical experiences from the Idö-Våldö and Järven-studies and a literature study, a methodology for action-oriented research for environmentally sustainable housing (ARESH) is outlined. It is proposed that methods of action research and of case study methodology could be applied in ARESH. However, there are several potential conflicts in ARESH. The researcher has for instance to judge if the study should be led in the first hand by participants or by researchers, or if it should be more oriented towards theory than practice. One conclusion is that a research methodology for such research needs to be further discussed and also further explored in practice. Since there are indications that a collaborative and action-oriented research is evolving in the field of environmental research, it is hoped that the findings of the thesis can contribute to a discussion on how to carry out research as a tool for change
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| 27. |
- Jonsson, Daniel K., et al.
(författare)
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Energy at your service : highlighting energy usage systems in the context of energy efficiency analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 4:3, s. 355-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing energy efficiency has for a long time been identified as an important means of mitigating climate change. However, the full potential for technical energy efficiency has seldom been fully exploited. The traditional approach in energy systems analysis and policy is still largely supply-orientated, i.e. focusing on the management of energy conversion, production and distribution, and final use of energy in the form of energy carriers. This paper contributes to previous discussions on how to highlight and explore the user side in the analysis of energy systems in an efficiency context. The energy usage systems approach, including end-use technologies and the production of service demanded by a human activity system, is used to promote a dynamic bottom-up perspective on energy. In determining the possible potential for change by increasing energy efficiency, the demand for energy should not be considered synonymous with the demand for neither energy carriers, nor the measurable service volumes (such as kilometres travelled, square metre conditioned space, etc.), without considering the sociocultural context in which the service is being used or called upon. In summary, the predominant paradigm dealing with the energy system as a technical system managing resources and providing energy carriers should thus be complemented with the view of a socio-technical system facilitating and/or managing the services.
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| 28. |
- Kanchana, V., et al.
(författare)
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First-principles study of elastic properties of CeO2, ThO2 and PoO2
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 18:42, s. 9615-9624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using first-principles density functional calculations, the structural and elastic properties of fluorite type oxides CeO2, ThO2 and PoO2 were studied by means of the full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method. Calculations were performed within the local density approximation (LDA) as well as generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to the exchange correlation potential. The calculated equilibrium lattice constants and bulk moduli are in good agreement with the experimental results, as are the computed elastic constants for CeO2 and ThO2. For PoO2 this is the first quantitative theoretical prediction of the ground state properties, and it still awaits experimental confirmation. The calculations find PoO2 to be a semiconductor with an indirect band gap and elastic constants similar in magnitude to those of CeO2 and ThO2.
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| 29. |
- Kanchana, V., et al.
(författare)
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Lattice dynamics and elastic properties of the 4 f electron system : CeN
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 84:20, s. 205135-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure, structural stability, and lattice dynamics of cerium mononitride are investigated using ab initio density-functional methods involving an effective potential derived from the generalized gradient approximation and without special treatment for the 4 f states. The 4 f states are hence allowed to hop from site to site, without an on-site Hubbard U, and contribute to the bonding, in a picture often referred to as itinerant. It is argued that this picture is appropriate for CeN at low temperatures, while the anomalous thermal expansion observed at elevated temperatures indicates entropy-driven localization of the Ce f electrons, similar to the behavior of elemental cerium. The elastic constants are predicted from the total energy variation of strained crystals and are found to be large, typical for nitrides. The phonon dispersions are calculated showing no soft modes, and the Gruneisen parameter behaves smoothly. The electronic structure is also calculated using the quasiparticle self-consistent GW approximation (where G denotes the Green's function and W denotes the screened interaction). The Fermi surface of CeN is dominated by large egg-shaped electron sheets centered on the X points, which stem from the p-f mixing around the X point. In contrast, assuming localized f electrons leads to a semimetallic picture with small band overlaps around X.
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- Leifland, K, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of stereotactic fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy in 522 non-palpable breast lesions
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 44:4, s. 387-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To compare the accuracy of stereotactic fine needle aspiration cytologies (S-FNAC) and stereotactic core needle biopsies (S-CNB) in non-palpable breast lesions. Material and Methods: Between May 1993 and December 2000, 696 patients with mammographically detected lesions were biopsied both with S-FNAC and S-CNB. S-FNAC was performed with spinal needle 22- or 20-gauge and S-CNB with an automated 14-gauge gun. Results: Of the 696 patients, 522 (75%) underwent breast surgery with postoperative histopathology. In all, 448 of these 522 women (86%) had malignant and 74 (14%) had benign lesions. S-FNAC revealed cancer in 254 (57%) and probable cancer in 48 (11%) (sensitivity 68%, specificity 99.6%) and S-CNB revealed cancer in 388 (87%) and probable cancer in 18 (4%) (sensitivity 90%, specificity 98.8%) of these 448 patients. Conclusion: S-CNB was more accurate than S-FNAC in the diagnosis of non-palpable breast cancer.
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| 32. |
- Leifland, K, et al.
(författare)
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Stereotactic core needle biopsy in non-palpable breast lesions. What number is needed?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 45:2, s. 142-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate whether three stereotactic core needle biopsies (S‐CNB) in non‐palpable breast lesion are enough for accurate preoperative diagnosis. Material and Methods: Between September 1994 and December 2000, 523 patients with mammographically detected breast lesions and who proceeded to surgery were preoperatively stereotactically biopsied with an automated 14‐gauge biopsy device. Three samples were taken from each lesion irrespective of whether the lesion presented as “microcalcifications only”, “microcalcifications and a mass”, or a “mass, architectural distorsion, or stellate lesion without microcalcifications”. The histopathology was divided into three subgroups: diagnostic, atypia (ranging from atypical cells to probably cancer), and non‐diagnostic material. Results: Post‐surgical histopathology diagnosed 454 (87%) malignant tumors and 69 (13%) benign lesions. Three S‐CNB correctly diagnosed the malignant tumors in 84% in the subgroup “microcalcifications only”. In the category “microcalcifications and a mass”, the diagnostic accuracy was 97% and in the subgroup “mass, architectural distorsion, or stellate lesion without microcalcifications” 3 S‐CNB resulted in 93% correct diagnostic material. In 19 of the 454 patients (4%) 1, 2 or all 3 preoperative S‐CNB showed atypia. In 20 patients (4%), all 3 S‐CNB were non‐diagnostic. Thirteen of these 20 patients had “microcalcifications only” and 7 had a mass without microcalcifications. Conclusion: Three S‐CNB were enough for correct diagnosis in “masses, architectural distorsions, or stellate lesions without microcalcifications” and in “microcalcifications and a mass”, but were not sufficient in “microcalcifications only”.
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| 40. |
- Moberg, K, et al.
(författare)
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Radiological review of incidence breast cancers
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of medical screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 7:4, s. 177-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To examine the rate of incidence cancers detectable on review of previous screening mammograms using two reviewing methods. To compare the results with a previous study of interval cancers using the same reviewing methods. Setting Almost 50 000 women are regularly invited for service screening at Stockholm Söder Hospital. From 1989 to 1993, 119 women were identified with breast cancer detected at screening and the previous round attendance (incidence cancer). Methods Screening mammograms, obtained before detection of the incidence cancers, were reviewed first mixed with other screening images (ratio 1:8) and then non-mixed. Reviewers from the screening unit responsible for the mammograms as well as reviewers from other units interpreted all images by both single and double reading. Results The proportion detected on retrospective review varied between 5% and 50% depending on the review method used and the number of reviewers included to classify a case as truly identified. Generally more cancers were detected when non-mixed samples of mammograms were reviewed than when mixed samples were reviewed (mean increase 23%) and when interpreted by double reading compared with single reading (mean increase 14%). Conclusions In an experimental retrospective set up, fewer incidence cancers were identified in mixed than in non-mixed review. Generally more incidence cancers were identified on review (22%) than previously reported for interval cancers (14%), probably reflecting differences in tumour biology and growth. How many women with potentially visible incidence cancers would have benefited from earlier tumour detection still needs to be evaluated.
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| 41. |
- Moberg, K, et al.
(författare)
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Two models for radiological reviewing of interval cancers
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of medical screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 6:1, s. 35-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To compare two different review methods of examining how many of our interval cancers could be regarded as missed cases (overlooked and misinterpreted owing to observer's error). Setting A mass screening programme in Stockholm 1989–91, performed at five independent screening units. 107 846 women attended for screening (70.6% of those invited), and 207 women with interval breast cancers were identified. Interval cancers from two of the units, 104 cases, are reviewed in this study. Methods Screening examinations preceding the interval cancer diagnoses were reviewed both mixed with other screening images in a ratio 1:8 and non-mixed. Both internal reviewers (from the two units responsible for the screening mammograms) and external reviewers (from the other units) took part in the study. Results The proportion regarded as missed cases varied between 7% and 34%, depending on what review method was used, and on the number of reviewers included to identify a case as missed. Mixed reviewing reduced the number identified as missed cases by 50% compared with non-mixed reviewing. Whether the reviewer was internal or external made no difference to the results. Conclusions Comparing the rate of missed cases from different studies may be misleading unless the same review method is used. No difference in detection rate could be shown whether the radiologist reviewed images from his/her own screening unit or not. Most of our interval cancers were not regarded as missed cases by either of the two methods.
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| 47. |
- Svane, G, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical experience of photon counting breast tomosynthesis: comparison with traditional mammography
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 52:2, s. 134-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In two-dimensional mammography, a well-known problem is over- and underlying tissue which can either obstruct a lesion or create a false-positive result. Tomosynthesis, with an ability to layer the tissue in the image, has the potential to resolve these issues. Purpose To compare the diagnostic quality, sensitivity and specificity of a single tomosynthesis mammography image and a traditional two-view set of two-dimensional mammograms and to assess the comfort of the two techniques. Material and Methods One hundred and forty-four women, mainly chosen because of suspicious features on standard mammograms (76 malignant), had a single tomosynthesis image taken of one breast using a novel photon counting system. On average, the dose of the tomosynthesis images was 0.63 times that of the two-view images and the compression force during the procedure was halved. The resulting images were viewed by two radiologists and assessed both individually and comparing the two techniques. Results In 56% of the cases the radiologists rated the diagnostic quality of the lesion details higher in the tomosynthesis images than in the conventional images (and in 91% equal or higher), which means there is a statistically significant preference for the tomosynthesis technique. This included the calcifications which were rated as having better quality in 41% of the cases. While sensitivity was slightly higher for traditional mammography the specificity was higher for tomosynthesis. However, neither of these two differences was large enough to be statistically significant. Conclusion The overall accuracy of the two techniques was virtually equal despite the radiologist's very limited experience with tomosynthesis images and vast experience with two-dimensional mammography. As the diagnostic quality of the lesion details in the tomosynthesis images was valued considerably higher this factor should improve with experience. The patients also favored the tomosynthesis examination, rating the comfort of the procedure as much higher than regular mammography which might affect screening attendance.
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| 50. |
- Svane, G, et al.
(författare)
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Ten years of screening in Stockholm
- 2002
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER. - 0959-8049. ; 38, s. S37-S37
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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