| 1. |
- Ahlborg, Mikael G., et al.
(författare)
-
SoCap YMH - youth mental health, social capital and help-seeking : a study protocol
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The increase in adolescents reporting mental health problems presents a major public health challenge. The complex association between mental health and social capital motivates further investigation of social capital as a crucial aspect in shaping adolescents' help-seeking knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours.Aim: This protocol presents a project that aims to investigate social capital in relation to help-seeking and mental health in close collaboration with adolescents and key stakeholders in the school setting, in the southern part of Sweden.Methods: A mixed-method design with three interconnected work packages (WP) will be undertaken with an emphasis on co-production where adolescents are involved throughout the process. WP1 is a development and validation of two questionnaire instruments for assessing social capital and help-seeking in adolescence. WP2 is a longitudinal quantitative study involving 1,500 adolescents from two regions representing rural and suburban/urban settings. Adolescents aged 15 will be asked to complete questionnaires concerning social capital, mental health, and help-seeking in a baseline and one-year follow-up, allowing for investigation of the role of social capital for help-seeking. WP3 is designed to elucidate experiences and knowledge of adolescents and key stakeholders via collaborative World Café workshops. These will be held along the project to evolve the generated knowledge and maximize it's applicability during and after the project is finalized.Conclusion: The results are expected to further the understanding of the relationship between adolescents' social capital, mental health, and help-seeking, to contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind the paradoxical help-seeking patterns among adolescents today and to narrow the gap between research and practice to produce sustainable and efficient strategies, which may facilitate help-seeking and improve the mental health of adolescents within existing organizational structures.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahlborg, Mikael, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
SoCap YMH - youth mental health, social capital and help-seeking : a study protocol
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Public Health. - Lausanne : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The increase in adolescents reporting mental health problems presents a major public health challenge. The complex association between mental health and social capital motivates further investigation of social capital as a crucial aspect in shaping adolescents' help-seeking knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. Aim: This protocol presents a project that aims to investigate social capital in relation to help-seeking and mental health in close collaboration with adolescents and key stakeholders in the school setting, in the southern part of Sweden. Methods: A mixed-method design with three interconnected work packages (WP) will be undertaken with an emphasis on co-production where adolescents are involved throughout the process. WP1 is a development and validation of two questionnaire instruments for assessing social capital and help-seeking in adolescence. WP2 is a longitudinal quantitative study involving 1,500 adolescents from two regions representing rural and suburban/urban settings. Adolescents aged 15 will be asked to complete questionnaires concerning social capital, mental health, and help-seeking in a baseline and one-year follow-up, allowing for investigation of the role of social capital for help-seeking. WP3 is designed to elucidate experiences and knowledge of adolescents and key stakeholders via collaborative World Café workshops. These will be held along the project to evolve the generated knowledge and maximize it's applicability during and after the project is finalized. Conclusion: The results are expected to further the understanding of the relationship between adolescents' social capital, mental health, and help-seeking, to contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind the paradoxical help-seeking patterns among adolescents today and to narrow the gap between research and practice to produce sustainable and efficient strategies, which may facilitate help-seeking and improve the mental health of adolescents within existing organizational structures. Copyright © 2024 Ahlborg, Morgan, Svedberg, Nygren, Eriksson and Westberg.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ahlborg, Mikael, 1985-
(författare)
-
Social capital and inequalities in mental health among young adolescents in Sweden
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to explore social capital and inequalities in mental health among young adolescents in Sweden. This is a compilation thesis comprising four studies. Studies I and II are quantitative studies of crosssectional data from the Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. The aim of Study I was to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in health using both a subjective and an objective measure of socioeconomic status among Swedish adolescents. The findings showed that subjective socioeconomic status robustly and independently predicted mental health problems, poor life satisfaction and poor general health perception. The association between objective socioeconomic status and mental health was weakened, and even reversed, when subjective socioeconomic status was accounted for in regression models. A Latent Profile Analysis was applied in Study II with the aim of identifying distinct profiles of family, school and peer social capital in a nationally representative sample of adolescents and to explore health outcomes in those profiles. The findings showed that five distinct profiles best represented the data for 11 and 15-year olds, while a four-profile model was optimal for 13-year olds. Significant inequalities were identified between profiles when these were examined in terms of mental health problems and life satisfaction. The design of Study III was a qualitative semi-structured interview study. The aim was to explore social capital from the perspective of adolescents in relation to mental health. Adolescents spoke of having access to a safe space, feeling connected to others and predictability as important aspects of social relationships and networks in relation to mental health. The aim of Study IV was to identify and evaluate the design and psychometric properties of instruments for assessing social capital specifically developed and validated for self-reporting among adolescents (10-19 years). The design was a systematic review, in which 20 instruments were identified. The results revealed a lack of instruments that covered both the multidimensionality of social capital and contextual relevance in relation to adolescents. The conclusion from this thesis is that social capital may be useful for identifying vulnerable individuals and for differentiating between the natural imbalance of adolescence and what may lead to serious illness. Longitudinal research and refinement of the operationalization of the concept are, however, needed to enhance the understanding of these findings.
|
|
| 4. |
- Blomquist, Axel, et al.
(författare)
-
Persistent Aspergillus fumigatus infection in cystic fibrosis : impact on lung function and role of treatment of asymptomatic colonization-a registry-based case-control study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMC Pulmonary Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2466. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common filamentous fungus isolated from the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this study was to investigate how chronic A. fumigatus colonization affects lung function in people with CF, to identify risk factors for colonization, and to evaluate antifungal treatment of asymptomatic Aspergillus colonization.METHODS: Data from 2014-2018 was collected from the Swedish CF registry and medical records. Baseline data before the start of A. fumigatus colonization was compared with the two succeeding years to evaluate how colonization and treatment affected lung function and other clinical aspects.RESULTS: A total of 437 patients were included, of which 64 (14.6%) became colonized with A. fumigatus during the study period. Inhaled antibiotics was associated with A. fumigatus colonization (adjusted OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.6-5.9, p < 0.05). Fungal colonization was not associated with a more rapid lung function decline or increased use of IV-antibiotics compared to the non-colonized group, but patients with A. fumigatus had more hospital days, a higher increase of total IgE, and higher eosinophil counts. In the Aspergillus group, 42 patients were considered to be asymptomatic. Of these, 19 patients received antifungal treatment. Over the follow up period, the treated group had a more pronounced decrease in percent predicted Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (ppFEV1) compared to untreated patients (- 8.7 vs - 1.4 percentage points, p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Inhaled antibiotics was associated with A. fumigatus colonization, but no association was found between persistent A. fumigatus and subsequent lung function decline. No obvious benefits of treating asymptomatic A. fumigatus colonization were demonstrated.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Klintberg, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Fabrication of a paraffin actuator using hot embossing of polycarbonate
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Sensors and Actuators A-Physical. - 0924-4247 .- 1873-3069. ; 103:3, s. 307-316
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a fabrication process for integrating paraffin-actuated structures in polycarbonate is outlined. A paraffin-actuated membrane with a diameter of 2.5 mm, where the volume expansion of 10–15% associated with the solid-to-liquid phase transition of paraffin is utilized, has been fabricated and evaluated. Microstructures fabricated in silicon have via an electroplated nickel mould been replicated in polycarbonate by hot embossing and the resulting structures have been sealed by thermal bonding. The bonding strength was measured by a pressurizing test, and the polycarbonate surfaces were characterized with electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). It was found that the bond strength increased when an oxygen plasma treatment was used prior to bonding. ESCA measurements showed a corresponding increase in oxygen content on the plasma treated surfaces. This procedure also improved the wetting properties. The contact angle between paraffin and polycarbonate decreased from 10° after embossing to about 5° after plasma treatment. The fabricated actuator had a total thickness of 1 mm and the membrane deflected about 140 μm when heating the actuator above the melting point of paraffin. Paraffin wax actuators are possible to integrate in plastic structures making them promising candidates in applications such as disposable microfluidic systems where inexpensive and robust valves and pumps are needed.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Liljegren, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
-
On-line electrochemically controlled solid-phase extraction interfaced to electrospray and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- 2005
-
Ingår i: The Analyst. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0003-2654 .- 1364-5528. ; :130, s. 1358-1368
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemically controlled solid-phase extractions of anions were interfaced on-line to electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), using polypyrrole coated electrodes and a thin-layer electrochemical (EC) flow cell. The results indicate that electrochemically controlled solid-phase extraction (EC-SPE) can be used as a versatile potential controlled sample preparation technique for a range of anions and that the properties of the polypyrrole coatings can be modified by altering the electrodeposition conditions. In the present study, the influence of interfering anions (i.e., fluoride and sulfate), and the anion used during the electropolymerisation, on the bromide extraction recovery was investigated for EC-SPE interfaced to ICP-MS. The results of these experiments show that the interference due to the presence of similar concentrations of sulfate can be reduced when using a polypyrrole coating electropolymerised in the presence of bromide ions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were also used to study the morphology of the coatings, as well as the variations in the film thickness within the coatings. The effect of different desorption techniques on the bromide preconcentration factor in the ICP-MS on-line flow system was also examined. Stopped-flow desorption was found to give rise to significantly increased preconcentration factors in comparison with desorptions in flowing solutions. While the desorption efficiency depends on the type of desorption electrolyte (the electrolyte in which the desorption takes place), due to the competing influx of cations, the influence of the pH on the switching charge of the polypyrrole coating was found to be small, at constant ionic strength. To study the applicability of the EC-SPE technique with respect to real samples, investigations were also made with tap water samples spiked with different bromide concentrations. The results of these experiments, which were carried out using a modified thin-layer EC flow cell allowing in situ polymerisation of polypyrrole yielding a polymer plug covering the cross section of the channel, demonstrate that 3 uM concentrations of bromide could be detected in the tap water sample. This demonstrates that the extraction technique allows extractions of low concentrations of ions in the presence of significantly higher concentrations of other similar ions. The fact that the extraction and desorption steps are electrochemically controlled makes EC-SPE particularly well suited for inclusion in miniaturised lab-on-a-chip systems.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Niska, Anna, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cykling bland barn och unga : en kunskapssammanställning
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cyklandet bland barn och unga har minskat, vilket får negativa effekter på hälsa och barns självständiga mobilitet. VTI har i detta regeringsuppdrag sammanställt kunskap om tänkbara orsaker till detta, baserat på litteraturstudier och kontakter med relevanta aktörer samt analyser av resvanedata och olycksstatisk. Statistiken visar att det är andelen personer som cyklar som minskat medan den cyklade sträckan inte förändrats. Framförallt har barns och ungas fritidscyklande minskat, vilket kan förklaras av ökade avstånd till fritidsaktiviteter, föräldrars heltidsarbete och att barns vardag idag är mer institutionaliserat. Även cyklandet till skolan har minskat, bland annat då det fria skolvalet lett till ökade avstånd. Andra orsaker är fler bilar i hushållen, förändringar i hur barn leker och kommunicerar, bristande faktisk och upplevd säkerhet och trygghet i kombination med föräldrars förställningar om barns trafikförmåga. Cykelresorna har delvis ersatts av bilresor men framförallt av ett ökat gående och resande med kollektivtrafik. Cyklingen har minskar mest bland de äldre barnen. Då de främst ersatt sitt resande med kollektivtrafik, kan en förklaring vara att fler erbjuds gratis busskort. Det finns ett stort engagemang och kompetens kring barns och ungas cykling bland olika aktörer, men behovet är stort av ökad samordning och att de initiativ och åtgärder som vidtas utvärderas systematiskt.
|
|
| 14. |
- Svedberg, Malin, 1972-
(författare)
-
Microstructures for Chemical Analysis : Design, Fabrication and Characterisation
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The interest for miniaturisation in chemical and biological analysis has increased in recent years. In this work, the design, fabrication and characterisation of tools for microanalysis have been studied. The focus is set on polymer microchips for applications in chemical analysis. The work consists of three parts: design and fabrication of paraffin microactuators, design and fabrication of polymer microchips as interfaces in electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and characterisation of conducting films for fused silica capillaries as interfaces in ESI-MS.The principle of the paraffin actuators is based on the volume increase resulting from paraffin melting. Paraffin expansion is utilised to cause membrane deflection. The first plastic microactuator using paraffin as the actuator material was successfully demonstrated.The microchips as interfaces in ESI-MS have been designed with the objective that the interface should be as much a part of the microchip as possible, and as to as large extent as possible, be fabricated in the same step as the microchannels. Sheathless electrospray from microchips was demonstrated for the first time. In addition a simplified fabrication process for ESI-MS interfaces in poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) was developed.The degradation of conductive coatings for sheathless ESI-MS on fused silica capillaries was studied. It was shown that electrochemical experiments could successfully be used to simulate the electrospray conditions and predict the failure of different gold coatings.It was concluded that a common issue in the fabrication of thermoplastic microchips is the crucial sealing of microchannels and cavities. From this point of view, PDMS is a more advantageous material in microfluidics.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Svedberg, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Sheathless Electrospary from a Polymer Microchip
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 75:15, s. 3934-3940
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Vikingsson, Svante, et al.
(författare)
-
Novel rapid liquid chromatography tandem masspectrometry method for vemurafenib and metabolites in human plasma, including metabolite concentrations at steady-state.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMC Biomedical chromotography. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-3879 .- 1099-0801. ; 30:8, s. 1234-1239
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry method for quantification of vemurafenib in human plasma, that also for the first time allows for metabolite semi-quantification, was developed and validated to support clinical trials and therapeutic drug monitoring. Vemurafenib was analysed by precipitation with methanol followed by a 1.9 min isocratic liquid chromatography tandem masspectrometry analysis using an Acquity BEH C18 column with methanol and formic acid using isotope labelled internal standards. Analytes were detected in multi reaction monitoring mode on a Xevo TQ. Semi-quantification of vemurafenib metabolites was performed using the same analytical system and sample preparation with gradient elution. The vemurafenib method was successfully validated in the range 0.5-100 µg/mL according to international guidelines. The metabolite method was partially validated due to the lack of commercially available reference materials. For the first time concentration levels at steady-state for melanoma patients treated with vemurafenib is presented. The low abundance of vemurafenib metabolites suggests that they lack clinical significance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
