| 1. |
- Hammarlund, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
The Alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Does Not Affect Neonatal Brain Injury
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Biomedicines. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9059. ; 10:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inflammation plays a central role in the development of neonatal brain injury. The alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha 7nAChR) can modulate inflammation and has shown promising results as a treatment target in rodent models of adult brain injury. However, little is known about the role of the alpha 7nAChR in neonatal brain injury. Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury was induced in male and female C57BL/6 mice, alpha 7nAChR knock-out (KO) mice and their littermate controls on postnatal day (PND) 9-10. C57BL/6 pups received i.p. injections of alpha 7nAChR agonist PHA 568487 (8 mg/kg) or saline once daily, with the first dose given directly after HI. Caspase-3 activity and cytokine mRNA expression in the brain was analyzed 24 h after HI. Motor function was assessed 24 and 48 h after HI, and immunohistochemistry was used to assess tissue loss at 24 h and 7 days after HI and microglial activation 7 days after HI. Activation of alpha 7nAChR with the agonist PHA 568487 significantly decreased CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/RANTES and IL-6 gene expression in the injured brain hemisphere 24 h after HI compared with saline controls in male, but not female, pups. However, alpha 7nAChR activation did not alter caspase-3 activity and TNF alpha, IL-1 beta and CD68 mRNA expression. Furthermore, agonist treatment did not affect motor function (24 or 48 h), neuronal tissue loss (24 h or 7 days) or microglia activation (7 days) after HI in either sex. Knock-out of alpha 7nAChR did not influence neuronal tissue loss 7 days after HI. In conclusion, targeting the alpha 7nAChR in neonatal brain injury shows some effect on dampening acute inflammatory responses in male pups. However, this does not lead to an effect on overall injury outcome.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahlström, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
An Earth system law perspective on governing social-hydrological systems in the Anthropocene
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Earth System Governance. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-8116. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global hydrological cycle is characterized by complex interdependencies and self-regulating feedbacks that keep water in an ever-evolving state of flux at local, regional, and global levels. Increasingly, the scale of human impacts in the Anthropocene is altering the dynamics of this cycle, which presents additional challenges for water governance. Earth system law provides an important approach for addressing gaps in governance that arise from the mismatch between the global hydrological cycle and dispersed regulatory architecture across institutions and geographic regions. In this article, we articulate the potential for Earth system law to account for core hydrological problems that complicate water governance, including delay, redistribution, intertwinements, permanence, and scale. Through merging concepts from Earth system law with existing policy and legal principles, we frame an approach for addressing hydrological problems in the Anthropocene and strengthening institutional fit between established governance systems and the global hydrological cycle. We discuss how such an approach can be applied, and the challenges and implications for governing water as a cycle and complex social-hydrological system, both in research and practice.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Hedvig, et al.
(författare)
-
Emotional Dysregulation and Trauma Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Childhood Abuse and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common in adolescents. Emotion dysregulation has been identified as a core mechanism in the development and maintenance of NSSI and it is therefore an important target when addressing NSSI. The pathogenic connection between different kinds of childhood abuse, difficulties in emotion regulation and NSSI needs further investigation. The objective of this study was to examine whether difficulties with emotion regulation and trauma symptoms, separately and together, mediate the relationships between sexual, physical and emotional abuse and NSSI. MethodCross-sectional data was collected from 3,169 adolescent high-school students aged 16-19 years (M = 18.12, SD = 0.45). Data from self-reported experiences of childhood abuse, current difficulties with emotion regulation (measured with the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale, DERS-16) and trauma symptoms (measured with the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children, TSCC), and NSSI were collected. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed relationships between variables. ResultsThe prevalence of life-time NSSI was 27.4%. Prevalence of reported childhood abuse was 9.2, 17.5, and 18.0% for sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, respectively. Childhood abuse, difficulties with emotion regulation and trauma symptoms exhibited significant positive associations with NSSI in adolescents. Emotional dysregulation and trauma symptoms were both found to mediate the relationship between childhood abuse and NSSI. Latent variable models were found to fit data well. ConclusionResults indicate that increased levels of emotional dysregulation and trauma symptoms in relation to childhood abuse contribute to the increased risk of NSSI. Further, results point to some aspects of emotional dysregulation and trauma symptoms being more important in this regard. Clinical implications are discussed.
|
|
| 4. |
- Annerback, Eva-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Child physical abuse and concurrence of other types of child abuse in Sweden : Associations with health and risk behaviors
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 36:7-8, s. 585-595
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the associations between child physical abuse executed by a parent or caretaker and self-rated health problems/risk-taking behaviors among teenagers. Further to evaluate concurrence of other types of abuse and how these alone and in addition to child physical abuse were associated with bad health status and risk-taking behaviors.Methods: A population-based survey was carried out in 2008 among all the pupils in 2 different grades (15 respectively 17 years old) in Sodermanland County, Sweden (n = 7,262). The response rate was 81.8%. The pupils were asked among other things about their exposure to child physical abuse, exposure to parental intimate violence, bullying, and exposure to being forced to engage in sexual acts. Adjusted analyses were conducted to estimate associations between exposure and ill-health/risk-taking behaviors.Results: Child physical abuse was associated with poor health and risk-taking behaviors with adjusted odds ratios (OR) ranging from 1.6 to 6.2. The associations were stronger when the pupils reported repeated abuse with OR ranging from 2.0 to 13.2. Also experiencing parental intimate partner violence, bullying and being forced to engage in sexual acts was associated with poor health and risk-taking behaviors with the same graded relationship to repeated abuse. Finally there was a cumulative effect of multiple abuse in the form of being exposed to child physical abuse plus other types of abuse and the associations increased with the number of concurrent abuse.Conclusions: This study provides strong indications that child abuse is a serious public health problem based on the clear links seen between abuse and poor health and behavioral problems. Consistent with other studies showing a graded relationship between experiences of abuse and poor health/risk-taking behaviors our study shows poorer outcomes for repeated and multiple abuse. Thus, our study calls for improvement of methods of comprehensive assessments, interventions and treatment in all settings where professionals meet young people.
|
|
| 5. |
- Annerbäck, Eva-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Characteristic Features of Severe Child Physical Abuse-A Multi-informant Approach
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of family Violence. - : Springer. - 0885-7482 .- 1573-2851. ; 25:2, s. 165-172
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Minor child physical abuse has decreased in Sweden since 1979, when a law banning corporal punishment of children was passed, but more serious forms have not decreased. The aim of this study was to examine risk and background factors in cases of severe child abuse reported to the police. Files from different agencies (e.g., Social services, Adult and Child psychiatry and Pediatric clinic) for 20 children and 34 caretakers were studied. An accumulation of risk factors was found. It is concluded that when the following four factors are present, there is a risk for severe child abuse: 1) a person with a tendency to use violence in conflict situations; 2) a strong level of stress on the perpetrator and the family; 3) an insufficient social network that does not manage to protect the child; 4) a child that does not manage to protect him or herself. Thus, multiple sources of information must be used when investigating child abuse.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Annerbäck, Eva-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Child physical abuse : factors influencing the associations between self-reported exposure and self-reported health problems
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1753-2000. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child physical abuse (CPA) is an extensive public health problem because of its associations with poor health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine which of the background factors of CPA committed by a parent or other caregiver relates to self-reported poor health among girls and boys (13; 15 and 17 years old): perpetrator, last year exposure; severity and frequency; socioeconomic load and foreign background.Methods: In a cross-sectional study in a Swedish county (n = 8024) a path analysis was performed to evaluate a model where all background variables were put as predictors of three health-status variables: mental; physical and general health problems. In a second step a log linear analysis was performed to examine how the distribution over the health-status categories was different for different combinations of background factors.Results: Children exposed to CPA reported poor health to a much higher extent than those who were not exposed. In the path analysis it was found that frequency and severity of abuse (boys only) and having experienced CPA during the last year, was significantly associated with poor health as well as socioeconomic load in the families. Foreign background was significantly negatively associated with all three health indicators especially for girls. Neither mother nor father as perpetrator remained significant in the path analysis, while the results from the log linear analyses showed that mother-abuse did in fact relate to poor general health and mental as well as physical health problems among boys and girls. Father-abuse was associated with poor mental health if severe abuse was reported. Poor mental health was also associated with mild father-abuse if exposure during the last year was reported.Conclusion: Despite the limitations that cross-sectional studies imply, this study provides new knowledge about factors associated with poor health among physically abused children. It describes details of CPA that have significant associations to different aspects of poor health and thus what needs to be addressed by professionals within mental health providers and social services. Understanding how different factors may contribute to different health outcomes for exposed children is important in future research and needs further studies.
|
|
| 8. |
- Annerbäck, Eva-Maria, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
-
Child Physical Abuse and concurrence of other types of Child Abuse : associations with health and risk behaviors
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2134 .- 1873-7757. ; 36:7-8, s. 585-595
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the associations between child physical abuse and health problems/risk-taking behaviors among teen-agers. Further to evaluate concurrence of other types of abuse and how these alone and in addition to child physical abuse were associated with bad health status and risk-taking behaviors.Methods: A population-based survey was carried out in 2008 among all the pupils in two different grades (15 respectively 17 years old) in Södermanland County, Sweden (N=7 262). The response rate was 81.8 %. The pupils were asked among other things about their exposure to child physical abuse, exposure to parental intimate violence, bullying and exposure to being forced to engage in sexual acts. Adjusted analyses were conducted to estimate associations between exposure and illhealth/risk-taking behaviors.Results: Child physical abuse was associated with poor health and risk-taking behaviors with adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) ranging from 1.6 to 6.2. The associations were stronger when the pupils reported repeated abuse with OR ranging from 2.0 to 13.2. Also experiencing parental intimate partner violence, bullying and being forced to engage in sexual acts was associated with poor health and risk-taking behaviors with the same graded relationship to repeated abuse. Finally there was a cumulative effect of multiple abuse in the form of being exposed to child physical abuse plus other types of abuse and the associations increase with the number of concurrent abuse.Conclusions: This study provides strong indications that child abuse is a serious public health problem based on the clear links seen between abuse and poor health and behavioral problems. Consistent with other studies showing a graded relationship between experiences of abuse and poor health/risk-taking behaviors our study shows poorer outcomes for repeated and multiple abuse. Thus, our study calls for improvement of methods of comprehensive assessments, interventions and treatment in all settings where professionals meet young people.
|
|
| 9. |
- Annerbäck, Eva-Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence and characteristics of child physical abuse in Sweden : findings from a population-based youth survey
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:8, s. 1229-1236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine prevalence rates of child physical abuse perpetrated by a parent/caretaker, abuse characteristics and the extent of disclosures. Methods: A population-based survey was carried out in 2008 amongst all the pupils in three different grades (n = 8494) in schools in Sodermanland County, Sweden. The pupils were asked about their exposure to violence and their experiences of parental intimate-partner violence. Data were analysed with bi- and multivariate models and a comparison between means of accumulating risk factors between three groups were performed. Results: A total of 15.2% of the children reported that they had been hit. There were strong associations between abuse and risk factors and there was a dose-response relationship between risks and reported abuse. It was shown that children who reported parental intimate-partner violence were at a considerably higher risk for abuse than other children and that only 7% of the children exposed to violence had disclosed this to authorities. Conclusion: Even though child abuse in Sweden has decreased markedly during the last 40 years, violence against children is still a considerable problem. It is a challenge to develop methods of assessment and interventions that will ensure that the violence and its underlying causes are directly addressed.
|
|
| 10. |
- Annerbäck, Eva-Maria, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
-
Severe child abuse: a study of cases reported to the police
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 96:12, s. 1760-1764
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the characteristics of severe abuse of children and possible differences in comparison with less severe abuse. Method: Cases of abuse reported to the police within a single police district (n = 142) in Sweden were studied. The severe cases were compared to all the remaining cases. Results: Severe abuse constituted 14% of the total cases and was reported by agencies to a greater degree than minor cases. The suspected perpetrators were socially disadvantaged people in both groups. Half of the most serious cases led to conviction in the courts, compared to 8% in the reference group. The children who had been subjected to abuse were often already known to social services and reports of child abuse had frequently been made. Conclusion: In comparison between cases of severe and minor child abuse reported to the police, the results did not show any crucial differences except the pattern of reporting and a higher occurrence of prosecution/conviction in the severe cases. This finding places a responsibility on agencies outside of the justice system to consider all cases of reported abuse as serious warning signals and to make independent evaluations to identify risks and the possible need for child protection.
|
|
| 11. |
- Beausang, Angela, et al.
(författare)
-
"Möjligheten att rädda några av dessa kvinnors liv har inte vägts in"
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Dagens Medicin. - : Dagens Medicin.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Namnet på Socialstyrelsens vägledning lyder: Hur upptäcka våldsutsatthet? Ja, det kan man verkligen fråga sig efter att ha läst detta föga vägledande dokument, skriver ett stort antal kritiska debattörer.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Bälter, Olle, et al.
(författare)
-
Lärstrategier på längden och tvären
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 5:e Utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar, Uppsala universitet. - : Uppsala universitet.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studiestrategier påverkar vad studenter får ut av sin utbildning. Vi har genomfört enkätstudier (ASSIST och RSPQ) för att mäta strategierna hos civilingenjörsstudenter på två olika program (Datateknik respektive Medicinsk teknik) på KTH. Resultaten visar att för denna tämligen homogena studentgrupp finns det inga större skillnader mellan årskurser eller program, men studenter med ytinriktad studiestrategi kommer efter eller hoppar av i större utsträckning än andra. Eftersom det åtminstone går att normalisera studiestrategier är det viktigt att arbeta för att normen är konstruktiv, det vill säga minska inslaget av ytinriktade strategier. De bägge instrumenten korrelerar runt 0,5 med varandra och enstaka frågor går att ifrågasätta, varför tolkningar av enstaka mätningar bör göras med försiktighet.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Bälter, Olle, et al.
(författare)
-
Student approaches to learning in relation to online course completion
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Higher Education. - : The Canadian Journal of Higher Education/la Revue canadienne d'enseignement superieur. - 0316-1218 .- 2293-6602. ; 43:3, s. 1-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the relationship between approaches to studying and course completion in two online preparatory university courses in mathematics and computer programming. The students participating in the two courses are alike in age, gender, and approaches to learning. Four hundred and ninety-three students participating in these courses answered the short version of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). Results show that students demonstrating a deep approach to learning in either course are more likely to complete. In the mathematics course, a combination of deep and strategic approaches correlates positively with course completion. In the programming course, students who demonstrate a surface approach are less likely to complete. These results are in line with the intentions of the course designers, but they also suggest ways to improve these courses. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that ASSIST can be used to evaluate course design.
|
|
| 16. |
- Dahlström, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
-
Functions of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses in a Large Community Sample of Adolescents
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Psychological Assessment. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1040-3590 .- 1939-134X. ; 27:1, s. 302-313
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given that nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent in adolescents, structured assessment is an essential tool to guide treatment interventions. The Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM) is a self-report scale that assesses frequency, methods, and functions of NSSI. FASM was administered to 3,097 Swedish adolescents in a community sample. With the aim of examining the underlying factor structure of the functions of FASM in this sample, the adolescents with NSSI who completed all function items (n = 836) were randomly divided into 2 subsamples for cross-validation purposes. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the mean and variance adjusted weighted least squares (WLSMV) estimator in the Mplus statistical modeling program. The results of the EFA suggested a 3-factor model (social influence, automatic functions, and nonconformist peer identification), which was supported by a good fit in the CFA. Factors differentiated between social/interpersonal and automatic/intrapersonal functions. Based on learning theory and the specific concepts of negative and positive reinforcement, the nonconformist peer identification factor was then split into 2 factors (peer identification and avoiding demands). The resulting 4-factor model showed an excellent fit. Dividing social functions into separate factors (social influence, peer identification, and avoiding demands) can be helpful in clinical practice, where the assessment of NSSI functions is an important tool with direct implications for treatment.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Enqvist, Johan Pecanha, et al.
(författare)
-
Stewardship as a boundary object for sustainability research : Linking care, knowledge and agency
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Landscape and Urban Planning. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-2046 .- 1872-6062. ; 179, s. 17-37
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current sustainability challenges - including biodiversity loss, pollution and land-use change require new ways of understanding, acting in and caring for the landscapes we live in. The concept of stewardship is increasingly used in research, policy and practice to articulate and describe responses to these challenges. However, there are multiple meanings and framings of stewardship across this wide user base that reflect different disciplinary purposes, assumptions and expertise, as well as a long history of use in both academic and lay contexts. Stewardship may therefore be considered a 'boundary object'; that is, a conceptual tool that enables collaboration and dialogue between different actors whilst allowing for differences in use and perception. This paper seeks to map out the multiple meanings of stewardship in the literature and help researchers and practitioners to navigate the challenges and opportunities that come with using the term. We provide the first qualitative systematic review of stewardship, and identify four distinct meanings of the concept in the literature: Ethic, Motivation, Action and Outcome. We then develop a novel framework for thinking through and connecting these multiple meanings, centered around three dimensions: care, knowledge and agency. This framework is used to identify the care dimension and relational approaches as important areas for future stewardship research. In these efforts - and for scholars engaging with the stewardship concept more broadly - this paper can act as a helpful 'centering device', connecting practitioners, policy-makers and researchers from multiple disciplines in pursuit of sustainability.
|
|
| 19. |
- Green-Landell, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of a modified version of the Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire for use in adolescents.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1753-2000. ; 3:1, s. 36-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Social phobia (social anxiety disorder - SAD) is a rather common but often undetected and undertreated psychiatric condition in youths. Screening of SAD in young individuals in community samples is thus important in preventing negative outcomes. The present study is the first report on the psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire for Children and adolescents (SPSQ-C). METHODS: The SPSQ-C was administered to a community sample of high-school students. Test-retest reliability over three weeks was evaluated (n = 127) and internal consistency was calculated for items measuring level of fear in eight social situations. To measure concurrent validity, subjects who reported SAD on at least one occasion and randomly selected non-cases were blindly interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I disorders (SCID-I), as gold standard (n = 51). RESULTS: A moderate test-retest reliability, r = .60 (P < .01), and a satisfactory alpha coefficient of .78 was found. Values of sensitivity and specificity were 71% and 86% respectively, and area under the curve (AUC) was .79. Positive likelihood ratio (LR+) showed that a positive screening result was five times more likely to be correct than to reflect a non-case. Negative likelihood ratio (LR -) was .34. In addition, positive predictive value was 45% and negative predictive value was 95%. The prevalence of self-reported SAD was found to be 7.2% at the first assessment. CONCLUSION: The SPSQ-C is a short and psychometrically sound questionnaire for screening of SAD in adolescents, with the advantage of being based on the DSM-IV criteria.
|
|
| 20. |
- Green-Landell, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Longitudinal associations between social anxiety, depressive symptoms and peer victimization in adolescence : A prospective community study
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-reported social anxiety, depressive symptoms and peer victimization was investigated in 350 students in grade 7 and then in grade 8, 9 and 11. Using latent growth modeling, social anxiety was found to be stable over time and to have a time-invariant association with depressive symptoms. Further, social anxiety predicted subsequent depressive symptoms but not vice versa. Support was found for a meditational model. That is, peer victimization in grade 7 was related to higher level of social anxiety, which in turn was associated with more depressive symptoms in grade 8, 9 and 11. The development of social anxiety and depression symptomatology among adolescents can thus be described as one sequential longitudinal process initiated by peer victimization.
|
|
| 21. |
- Green Landell, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Social phobia in Swedish adolescents : Prevalence and gender differences
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 44:1, s. 1-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of self-reported social phobia in a community sample of Swedish adolescents in junior high school, at the risk-period for developing social phobia. Of particular interest was to investigate gender differences in prevalence across ages. Prevalence of sub-threshold social phobia was also studied. Methods Students in grades 6–8 (aged 12–14) from seventeen schools in five Swedish municipalities were screened by means of a self-report questionnaire, the social phobia screening questionnaire-for children (SPSQ-C). Results Data from a sample of 2,128 students were analysed and showed a point-prevalence rate of 4.4% (95%CI 3.5–5.2) and a significant gender difference (6.6% girls vs. 1.8% boys, P < 0.001). No significant differences in prevalence of probable cases emerged across the ages. At sub-threshold level, marked social fear of at least one social situation was reported by 13.8% of the total group. “Speaking in front of class” and “calling someone unfamiliar on the phone” were the most feared social situations. In the social phobia group, 91.4% reported impairment in the school-domain due to their social fear. Conclusion Social phobia is a common psychiatric condition in Swedish adolescents, especially in girls. As impairment in the school-domain is reported to a high degree, professionals and teachers need to recognize social phobia in adolescents so that help in overcoming the difficulties can be offered.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Högberg, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Uppdragsarkeologiska möjligheter : Nya sätt att tänka om en samtidsverksamhet i en framtidsbransch
- 2021
-
Ingår i: In Situ Archaeologica. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 2000-4044 .- 2002-7656. ; 15, s. 5-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this text we discuss how Swedish contract archaeology can develop its social engagement by creating new areas of relevance to society, beyond the general activities of disseminating results. We do so by giving concrete examples of how this can be done, using archaeological excavations as a starting point. The examples include engaging the local community in future planning for a social sustainable living environment, collaboration with the tourism sector, development of teaching materials for secondary schools, memory training for people with acquired brain damage, and school programs focusing on a socially sustainable and inclusive society. The purpose of the text is to inspire change, by showing development opportunities for future contract archaeology that will benefit both performers and recipients, and contribute to society’s multifaceted needs.
|
|
| 24. |
- Jonsson, Linda, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Similarities and Differences in the Functions of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) and Sex as Self-Injury (SASI)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Suicide and Life-threatening Behaviour. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0363-0234 .- 1943-278X. ; 49:1, s. 120-136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differences and similarities were studied in the functions of two different self-injurious behaviors (SIB): nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and sex as self-injury (SASI). Based on type of SIB reported, adolescents were classified in one of three groups: NSSI only (n=910), SASI only (n=41), and both NSSI and SASI (n=76). There was support for functional equivalence in the two forms of SIB, with automatic functions being most commonly endorsed in all three groups. There were also functional differences, with adolescents in the SASI only group reporting more social influence functions than those with NSSI only. Adolescents reporting both NSSI and SASI endorsed the highest number of functions for both behaviors. Clinical implications are discussed, emphasizing the need for emotion regulation skills.
|
|
| 25. |
- Kaldal, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Children's Right to Information in Barnahus
- 2017. - 1
-
Ingår i: Collaborating Against Child Abuse. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319583884 - 9783319583877 - 9783319863955 ; , s. 207-226
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The child’s right to information is part of the child’s fundamental human right of participation and access to justice according to the CRC. The child’s right to information is also stated in the Swedish national guidelines for Barnahus and in Swedish national law. The child´s right to information is, however, connected to both legal dilemmas and dilemmas in practice. In this chapter, we discuss children’s right to participation from a child rights perspective in a criminal investigation in Barnahus.
|
|
| 26. |
- Kvist, Therese, et al.
(författare)
-
Child physical abuse, declining trend in prevalence over 10 years in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : WILEY. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 109:7, s. 1400-1408
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To study trends in prevalence and risk factors of child physical abuse over 10 years in Sweden. Methods This study analysed responses from school surveys in 2008, 2011, 2014 and 2017 in Sodermanland County, Sweden with average 5125 respondents per year, 15 and 17 years old. There were identical questions on exposure to violence and risk factors including parental employment, separated parents, disability or disease, foreign background and lack of adult support. Intimate partner violence was included at three occasions. Data were analysed with bi- and multivariate models, and mean of accumulated risks were compared. Results Child physical abuse decreased significantly between 2008 and 2017. Repeated abuse decreased to a less degree than abuse once. In bivariate analyses, the share of risk factors declined for those exposed to physical abuse. In multiple analyses, it was found significant associations with exposure. There was and a dose-relationship between numbers of accumulated risk categories and self-reported abuse. Conclusion Exposure to child physical abuse decreased substantially between 2008 and 2017. However, prevalence of abuse is still unacceptable, and the finding that prevalence of the more severe forms of CPA decreased less during the same time, draws attention to the need of ongoing efforts.
|
|
| 27. |
- Masterson, Vanessa A., et al.
(författare)
-
The contribution of sense of place to social-ecological systems research : a review and research agenda
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To develop and apply goals for future sustainability, we must consider what people care about and what motivates them to engage in solving sustainability issues. Sense of place theory and methods provide a rich source of insights that, like the social-ecological systems perspective, assume an interconnected social and biophysical reality. However, these fields of research are only recently beginning to converge, and we see great potential for further engagement. Here, we present an approach and conceptual tools for how the sense of place perspective can contribute to social-ecological systems research. A brief review focuses on two areas where relation to place is particularly relevant: stewardship of ecosystem services, and responses to change in social-ecological systems. Based on the review, we synthesize specific ways in which sense of place may be applied by social-ecological systems researchers to analyze individual and social behaviors. We emphasize the importance of descriptive place meanings and evaluative place attachment as tools to study the patterned variation of sense of place within or among populations or types of places and the implications for resilience and transformative capacity. We conclude by setting out an agenda for future research that takes into account the concerns of resilience thinking such as the effects of dynamic ecology, interactions between temporal and spatial scales, and the interplay of rapid and incremental change on sense of place and place-related behaviors. This future research agenda also includes concerns from the broader sense of place literature such as the importance of structural power relationships on the creation of place meanings and how scaling up a sense of place may influence pro-environmental behavior.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Pettersson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Approaches to studying in first-year engineering : comparison between inventory scores and students' descriptions of their approaches through interviews
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Higher Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-1560 .- 1573-174X. ; 75:5, s. 827-838
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This combined interview and survey study explored the relationship between interview data and data from an inventory describing engineering students' ratings of their approaches to studying. Using the 18-item Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) students were asked to rate their approaches to studying in relation to particular statements. A subsample of nine first-year engineering students participated in subsequent interviews exploring their experiences of studying and learning. The students' views were examined and interpreted into inventory scores which were compared to the students' actual ratings. The interviews confirmed the scales measured in the inventory and provided illustrations to them. While students who were extreme in either approach were easier to interpret, others provided a good example of the complex combination of approaches that can exhibit itself in one individual. The study illustrates how combined data sets can contribute to achieve a holistic understanding of student learning in its context.
|
|
| 30. |
- Svedin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
A strategic approach to learning rewards first-year engineering students
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 2013 Learning And Teaching In Computing And Engineering (LATICE 2013). - : IEEE. - 9780769549606 ; , s. 143-147
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a study investigating first-year engineering students’ approaches to learning and studying, a strategic approach to learning was shown to be the best predictor of academic achievement. A surface approach to studying was found to be a negative factor. A questionnaire was distributed to first-year students aiming for Master of Science in Engineering in either Computer Science or Media Technology in the beginning and the end of their first year of study. In the first instance 154 students (62 %) answered the questionnaire and 91 (35 %) participated on both occasions.
|
|
| 31. |
- Svedin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
ASSIST as a tool to evaluate course design
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Learners in the Driving Seat. Users? - Partners? - Consumers? - Peers? Where are we heading to?. ; , s. 110-111
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to analyse the course design in two online preparatory university courses in mathematics and programming, a Swedish translation of the short version of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) was distributed. Four hundred and ninety three students, representing 24 % response rate, participated. The result showed that the mathematics course discouraged students who adopt a deep/strategic approach, while the programming course discouraged students with a deep approach and encouraged students with a surface approach. The indications differences in course design in two online preparatory university courses in mathematics and programming, a Swedish translation of the short version of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) was distributed to the students participating. The result showed that the mathematics course discouraged students who adopt a deep/strategic approach, while the programming course discouraged students with a deep approach and encouraged students with a surface approach. The indications may beare a contribution to the discussion on disciplinary differences in approaches to studying as well as in disposition of online courses.
|
|
| 32. |
- Svedin, Maria
(författare)
-
Do excellent engineers approach their studies strategically? : A quantitative study of students' approaches to learning in computer science education
- 2016
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about students’ approaches to learning (SAL) in computer science education. Since the initial development of SAL instruments and inventories in the 70’s, they have been used as a means to understand students’ approaches to learning better, as well as to measure and predict academic achievement (such as retention, grades and credits taken) and other correlating factors. It is an instrument to measure a student’s study strategies – not how “good” a student is.A Swedish short version of Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) was used to gather information on whether we, through context and content, encouraged sustainable study behaviour among our students. ASSIST was used in two distinct situations: 1) Evaluation and evolvement of an online programming course design, and 2) Engineering education in media technology and computer science in a campus environment where approaches to learning has been evaluated and studied over time during the five year long programmes. Repeated measurements have been analysed against factors predicting academic achievement, and have been evaluated on a cohort level (not individual) in order to clarify patterns rather than individual characteristics.Significant for both projects was that a surface approach to learning correlated negatively with retention. Students who adopted a combination of deep and strategic approach to learning performed better in terms of grades, ECTS credits completed and perceived value of the education. As part of developmental tools it can be beneficial to use ASSIST at a group level in order to see what kind of approach a course design or a programme supports among the students.
|
|
| 33. |
- Svedin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender neutrality improved completion rate for all
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Computer Science Education. - : Routledge. - 0899-3408 .- 1744-5175. ; 26:2-3, s. 192-207
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to investigate if we could improve retention by redesigning an online programming course from a gender perspective, while maintaining the focus on preferable and sustainable learning approaches. The study builds on results from an earlier study that investigated the relationship between approaches to learning and course completion and involves 1067 students that responded to the short version of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) in 2010, 2012 and 2013. Three principles for course material design were identified; gender neutral and non-biased messages, emphasize the interdisciplinary approach and link to everyday examples. Responses to ASSIST were analysed in relation to performed changes in the course literature from a gender perspective. The probability to complete the course increased with 7% points for all students, in particular for men, and decreased for students with a high score in surface approach to learning, especially among women.
|
|
| 34. |
- Svedin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Surface approachers question their education
- 2015
-
Ingår i: 43rd Annual SEFI Conference, June 29 - July 2, 2015, Orléans, France. - : European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the last ten years, out of a total of 1500 students who were admitted to the five- year Master of Science in Engineering in Computer Science (CS) at KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, only 20% graduated within the nominal study period + 1 year. Even though retention is low, employability is high: for 97% of the graduated students the education have lead to employment and 87% got employed already before graduation, which is a reason for the low retention.In this study we investigated if students’ approaches to learning in their penultimate semester of a master program in computer science engineering can be associated with their study results. The focus of the study can be concluded in the research question; whether students who graduate in time differ from their peers in terms of approaches to learning, study results or how useful they perceive skills learned during their education. For students’ approaches we used the short version of Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). For study results we used both finished Master’s thesis, and graduation diploma.
|
|
| 35. |
- West, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Stewardship, care and relational values
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 35, s. 30-38
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stewardship is a popular term for describing action in pursuit of sustainability. There is growing interest in how relational values, such as care, animate stewardship action. In this paper we develop relational understandings of care in stewardship, in so doing infusing the relational values literature with modes of 'relational thinking' increasingly adopted in sustainability science. We use three theoretical perspectives - dwelling, sense of place and biocultural diversity - to articulate three key aspects of relational approaches to care in stewardship: firstly, care as emergent from social-ecological relations, secondly, care as embodied and practiced, and thirdly, care as situated and political. Relational approaches to stewardship research and practice can lead to more nuanced, ethical and effective pathways to sustainability.
|
|
| 36. |
- Zetterqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
A Comparison of Adolescents Engaging in Self-Injurious Behaviors With and Without Suicidal Intent: Self-Reported Experiences of Adverse Life Events and Trauma Symptoms
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Youth and Adolescence. - : Springer. - 0047-2891 .- 1573-6601. ; 42:8, s. 1257-1272
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research comparing adolescents engaging in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), both separately and in combination, is still at an early stage. The purpose of the present study was to examine overlapping and distinguishable features in groups with different types of self-injurious behaviors, using a large community sample of 2,964 (50.6 % female) Swedish adolescents aged 15-17 years. Adolescents were grouped into six categories based on self-reported lifetime prevalence of self-injurious behaviors. Of the total sample, 1,651 (55.7 %) adolescents reported no self-injurious behavior, 630 (21.2 %) reported NSSI 1-4 times, 177 (6.0 %) reported NSSI 5-10 times, 311 (10.5 %) reported NSSI a parts per thousand yen 11 times, 26 (0.9 %) reported lifetime prevalence of suicide attempt and 169 (5.7 %) adolescents reported both NSSI and suicide attempt. After controlling for gender, parental occupation and living conditions, there were significant differences between groups. Pairwise comparisons showed that adolescents with both NSSI and suicide attempt reported significantly more adverse life events and trauma symptoms than adolescents with only NSSI, regardless of NSSI frequency. The largest differences (effect sizes) were found for interpersonal negative events and for symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress. Adolescents with frequent NSSI reported more adversities and trauma symptoms than those with less frequent NSSI. There were also significant differences between all the NSSI groups and adolescents without any self-injurious behavior. These findings draw attention to the importance of considering the cumulative exposure of different types of adversities and trauma symptoms when describing self-injurious behaviors, with and without suicidal intent.
|
|
| 37. |
- Zetterqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
A cross-sectional study of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury : support for a specific distress-function relationship
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1753-2000. ; 8:23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study has investigated the specific relationship between childhood adversities, individual trauma symptoms and the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The aim was to examine whether different self-reported adverse experiences and trauma symptoms predict the need to engage in NSSI, either to regulate emotions or to communicate with and influence others.METHOD: The participants were a community sample of 816 adolescents aged 15-17 years with NSSI. Hierarchical multiple regression was used, controlling for NSSI frequency and gender. The dependent variables were the automatic and social functions of NSSI, respectively. The predictors entered in the model were several different maltreatment and adversity experiences as well as individual trauma symptoms. Mediation analyses were also performed using the bootstrapping method with bias-corrected confidence estimates.RESULTS: Frequency of NSSI, gender (female), emotional abuse, prolonged illness or handicap during upbringing and symptoms of depression uniquely predicted the automatic functions of NSSI in the final regression model, but not the social functions. Symptoms of anxiety uniquely predicted social but not automatic functions. Having experienced physical abuse, having made a suicide attempt and symptoms of dissociation were significant predictors in both final models. The model for automatic functions explained more of the variance (62%) than the social model (28%). The relationship between childhood emotional, physical and sexual abuse and performing NSSI for automatic reasons was mediated by symptoms of depression and dissociation. The relationship between physical abuse and the social functions of NSSI was mediated by symptoms of anxiety and dissociation.CONCLUSIONS: It is important to understand the specific context in which NSSI has developed and is maintained. Experiences of emotional abuse and symptoms of depression could guide clinical work in the direction of emotion regulation skills since in this study these variables were uniquely associated with the need to engage in NSSI to regulate emotions, to self-punish or to generate feelings. The presence of physical abuse, a suicide attempt and symptoms of dissociation could alert clinicians to a broad treatment approach since they were associated with performing NSSI to regulate both social and automatic experiences.
|
|
| 38. |
- Zetterqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
A potential increase in adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury during covid-19 : A comparison of data from three different time points during 2011-2021
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life-time prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has consistently been found to be around 17% in community samples of adolescents. Concerns of threats to mental health in adolescents during covid-19 have been raised. Life-time prevalence of NSSI in high school students in Sweden was compared using the same item to assess NSSI at three different time points. Results showed very similar prevalence of NSSI in 2011 and 2014 (17.2 % vs. 17.7 %), and an increase to 27.6 % during the pandemic of 2020-2021. Our findings imply a need to highlight the potential psychosocial consequences of covid-19 for young people.
|
|
| 39. |
- Zetterqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
A potential increase in adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury during covid-19 : A comparison of data from three different time points during 2011 - 2021.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life-time prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has consistently been found to be around 17% in community samples of adolescents. Concerns of threats to mental health in adolescents during covid-19 have been raised. Life-time prevalence of NSSI in high school students in Sweden was compared using the same item to assess NSSI at three different time points. Results showed very similar prevalence of NSSI in 2011 and 2014 (17.2 % vs. 17.7 %), and an increase to 27.6 % during the pandemic of 2020-2021. Our findings imply a need to highlight the potential psychosocial consequences of covid-19 for young people.
|
|
| 40. |
- Zetterqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: Support for a specific distress – function relationship.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1753-2000. ; 8:23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study has investigated the specific relationship between childhood adversities, individual trauma symptoms and the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The aim was to examine whether different self-reported adverse experiences and trauma symptoms predict the need to engage in NSSI, either to regulate emotions or to communicate with and influence others. Method: The participants were a community sample of 816 adolescents aged 15–17 years with NSSI. Hierarchical multiple regression was used, controlling for NSSI frequency and gender. The dependent variables were the automatic and social functions of NSSI, respectively. The predictors entered in the model were several different maltreatment and adversity experiences as well as individual trauma symptoms. Mediation analyses were also performed using the bootstrapping method with bias-corrected confidence estimates. Results: Frequency of NSSI, gender (female), emotional abuse, prolonged illness or handicap during upbringing and symptoms of depression uniquely predicted the automatic functions of NSSI in the final regression model, but not the social functions. Symptoms of anxiety uniquely predicted social but not automatic functions. Having experienced physical abuse, having made a suicide attempt and symptoms of dissociation were significant predictors in both final models. The model for automatic functions explained more of the variance (62%) than the social model (28%). The relationship between childhood emotional, physical and sexual abuse and performing NSSI for automatic reasons was mediated by symptoms of depression and dissociation. The relationship between physical abuse and the social functions of NSSI was mediated by symptoms of anxiety and dissociation. Conclusions: It is important to understand the specific context in which NSSI has developed and is maintained. Experiences of emotional abuse and symptoms of depression could guide clinical work in the direction of emotion regulation skills since in this study these variables were uniquely associated with the need to engage in NSSI to regulate emotions, to self-punish or to generate feelings. The presence of physical abuse, a suicide attempt and symptoms of dissociation could alert clinicians to a broad treatment approach since they were associated with performing NSSI to regulate both social and automatic experiences.
|
|
| 41. |
- Zetterqvist, Maria, 1970-
(författare)
-
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Swedish Adolescents : Prevalence, Characteristics, Functions and Associations With Childhood Adversities
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), such as intentionally cutting, burning or hitting oneself, is a behavior with potentially detrimental consequences and empirical studies are necessary to gain knowledge of how to prevent NSSI in adolescents. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the prevalence, methods, characteristics and functions of NSSI in a large community sample of Swedish adolescents, and to examine the relationship between NSSI and adverse life events and trauma symptoms. All empirical studies had a cross-sectional design and were based on 3,097 adolescents in the county of Östergötland, aged 15-17 years, in their first year of high school. Participating school classes were selected through a randomization process and administered self-report questionnaires.In study I (n = 3,060) a single item NSSI question resulted in a prevalence rate of 17.2%, while 35.6% of adolescents reported having engaged in NSSI at least once during the past year when given a checklist. The most commonly reported type of NSSI in this sample was “bit yourself”, followed by “hit yourself on purpose”, “erased your skin” and “cut or carved on your skin”. Applying the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of NSSI resulted in a prevalence rate of 6.7%. Results in study II (n = 2,964) showed that after controlling for gender, parental occupation and living conditions, adolescents with no self-injurious behavior reported the lowest level of adversities and trauma symptoms, while adolescents with both NSSI and suicide attempts (5.7%) reported the highest levels compared to those with only NSSI or a suicide attempt. Adolescents reporting frequent NSSI reported more adversities and trauma symptoms than those with less frequent NSSI. Automatic functions, such as affect regulation, self-punishment and feeling-generation, were the most commonly reported functions of NSSI. Attempts in study I to confirm Nock and Prinstein’s (2004) four-factor model of underlying factors of NSSI functions resulted in a close to acceptable fit. An attempt to refine the factor analysis on this community sample of Swedish adolescents, using Mplus with cross-validation, was made in study III (n = 836). An exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three-factor model (social influence, automatic functions and non-conformist peer identification), which was validated in confirmatory analysis. In order to adhere more closely to learning theory and the concept of negative and positive reinforcement, the third factor was then split into two factors, resulting in a four-factor model (social influence, automatic functions, peer identification and avoiding demands), which showed excellent fit to the data in the confirmatory factor analysis. Study IV (n = 816) showed that NSSI frequency, gender (female), self-reported experience of emotional and physical abuse, having made a suicide attempt, prolonged illness or handicap and symptoms of depression and dissociation were significant predictors in the final model of the automatic functions, indicating that these variables are important in understanding the mechanisms underlying the need to engage in NSSI to regulate emotions, generate feelings, gain control or to self-punish. Symptoms of depression and dissociation mediated the relationship between sexual, physical and emotional abuse and the automatic functions. Furthermore, frequency of NSSI, gender, emotional abuse, prolonged illness or handicap and symptoms of depression uniquely predicted automatic functions but not social functions. Self-reported experience of physical abuse, having made a suicide attempt, symptoms of anxiety and dissociation were significant in the final model of social functions, i.e., performing NSSI to influence or communicate with others, to avoid demands or to identify with peers. Of these, symptoms of anxiety were uniquely associated with social functions. Symptoms of anxiety and dissociation mediated the relationship between physical abuse and social functions of NSSI.Taken together, this thesis has shown that NSSI is prevalent in Swedish adolescents and findings contribute to the discussion of a potential NSSI diagnosis. It is important to consider the effect of different types of negative life events and trauma symptoms in relation to NSSI in adolescents. Assessing the specific reinforcing functions of NSSI and the underlying factor structure can be helpful in developing functionally relevant individualized treatment.
|
|
| 42. |
- Zetterqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence and Function of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) in a Community Sample of Adolescents, Using Suggested DSM-5 Criteria for a Potential NSSI Disorder
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0091-0627 .- 1573-2835. ; 41:5, s. 759-773
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous prevalence rates of non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI) in adolescents have varied considerably. In the present cross-sectional study, prevalence rates, characteristics and functions of NSSI were assessed in a large randomized community sample consisting of 3,060 (50.5 % female) Swedish adolescents aged 15–17 years. The suggested criteria for NSSI disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) were used to assess prevalence rates with the aim of arriving at a more precise estimate. Out of the whole sample, 1,088 (35.6 %) adolescents (56.2 % female) reported at least one episode of NSSI during the last year, of which 205 (6.7 %) met suggested DSM-5 criteria for a potential NSSI disorder diagnosis. The NSSI disorder diagnosis was significantly more common in girls (11.1 % vs. 2.3 %, χ2 (1, N=3046) = 94.08, p<0.001, cOR=5.43, 95 % CI [3.73, 7.90]). The NSSI disorder group consisted of significantly more smokers and drug users compared to adolescents with NSSI that did not meet DSM-5 criteria for NSSI disorder, and also differed concerning demographic variables. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on reported functions of NSSI, with the aim of validating Nock and Prinstein’s (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72:885–890, 2004, Journal of Abnormal Psychology 114:140–146, 2005) four-factor model on a Swedish community sample, resulting in a close to acceptable fit. A two-factor model (social and automatic reinforcement) resulted in a slightly better fit. The most frequently reported factors were positive and negative automatic reinforcement. A majority of functions were significantly more often reported by girls than boys. The implications of the suggested DSM-5 criteria and reported functions are discussed.
|
|
| 43. |
- Zetterqvist, Maria, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-reported nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and sex as self-injury (SASI) : Relationship to abuse, risk behaviors, trauma symptoms, self-esteem and attachment
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 265, s. 309-316
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on a conceptually unexplored behavior among adolescents who report deliberately using sex as a means of self-injury. In a large high school-based sample (n = 5743), adolescents who engaged in sex as self injury (SASI, n = 43) were compared to adolescents who reported direct nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI, n = 933) and those who reported both NSSI and SASI (n = 82). Re.sults showed that significantly more adolescents with SASI had experience of penetrating sexual abuse, as well as more sexual partners compared to those with NSSI. The SASI group also had higher levels of self-reported trauma symptoms, such as dissociation, posttraumatic stress and sexual concerns compared to those with NSSI, suggesting a distinct relationship between sexual abuse, trauma symptoms and engaging in sex as self-injury. There was no difference between the SASI and NSSI groups regarding experiences of emotional and physical abuse, self-esteem, parental care or overprotection or symptoms of depression, anxiety and anger. Adolescents who engaged in both NSSI + SASI stood out as a more severe and burdened group, with more experience of abuse, risk behaviors and impaired psychosocial health. Adolescents with traumatic experiences such as sexual abuse need to be assessed for SASI and vice versa.
|
|
| 44. |
- Zetterqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
The psychosocial consequences of covid-19 in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : Springer. - 1753-2000. ; 17:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Young people have been especially affected by the psychosocial consequences of the covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 has potentially also been more stressful for vulnerable groups with mental health problems.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the psychosocial effects of covid-19 in a vulnerable group of adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) from a sample of 1602 Swedish high-school students were examined. Data were collected in 2020 and 2021. First, adolescents with and without NSSI were compared on how they perceived the psychosocial impact of covid-19, and second, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine whether lifetime NSSI experience was associated with perceived psychosocial consequences of covid-19, when demographic variables and symptoms of mental health problems were controlled for. Interaction effects were also examined.RESULTS: Significantly more individuals with NSSI reported being burdened by covid-19 compared to those without NSSI. When demographic variables and mental health symptoms were controlled for, adding NSSI experience did not, however, increase the amount of variance explained in the model. The total model explained 23.2% of the variance in perceived psychosocial impact of covid-19. Perceiving the family's financial situation as poor and neither good nor bad, studying a theoretical high school program, symptoms of depression and difficulties with emotion regulation were significantly associated with perceived negative psychosocial impact of the covid-19 pandemic. There was a significant interaction effect between NSSI experience and depressive symptoms. The effect of NSSI experience was larger when depressive symptoms were lower.CONCLUSIONS: Lifetime NSSI experience in itself was not associated with psychosocial covid-19 consequences when other variables were controlled for, whereas symptoms of depression and difficulties with emotion regulation were. Results imply that vulnerable adolescents with mental health symptoms need special attention and access to mental health support in order to prevent further stress and worsening of mental health symptoms in the wake of the covid-19 pandemic.
|
|
| 45. |
- Öborn, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Litter in Urban Areas May Contribute to Microplastics Pollution: Laboratory Study of the Photodegradation of Four Commonly Discarded Plastics
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of environmental engineering. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 0733-9372 .- 1943-7870. ; 148:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plastic litter in the urban environment has been identified as a source of microplastics and stormwater a pathway for its transportation to freshwater and marine environments. However, few studies exist on the potential for litter to contribute to microplastics in a land-based system. This laboratory-based study involves simulation of the weathering of four polymers [low-density polyethylene (PE-LD), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)] in a land-based environment using accelerated photodegradation with three exposure times. Microplastics generated were quantified with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and identified using a spectra reference library. The results showed differences in release patterns and number of particles produced. For LD-PE, no clear pattern of UV-degradation was demonstrated, because the number of particles released from exposed and unexposed (control) samples was in the same order of magnitude. PS and PET showed similar patterns, where the number of particles released increased with exposure duration. The numbers of particles detected were, on average, 1, 8, and 31 particles/cm2 for PS and 3, 3, and 16 particles/cm2 for PET for exposures of seven, 28, and 56 days, respectively. PP produced the largest number of particles after 28 days exposure (ca. 58 particles/cm2) which then decreased after 56 days (ca. 21 particles/cm2). It was hypothesized that the number of particles increased with exposure time and that the generated particles then further fragmented into pieces of undetectable particle size (<10 μm).
|
|
