| 1. |
- Munk, P., et al.
(författare)
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Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Nicolas, Aude, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Cell Press. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 97:6, s. 1268-1283.e6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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| 5. |
- Roselli, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ethnic genome-wide association study for atrial fibrillation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:9, s. 1225-1233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 33 million individuals worldwide(1) and has a complex heritability(2). We conducted the largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for AF to date, consisting of more than half a million individuals, including 65,446 with AF. In total, we identified 97 loci significantly associated with AF, including 67 that were novel in a combined-ancestry analysis, and 3 that were novel in a European-specific analysis. We sought to identify AF-associated genes at the GWAS loci by performing RNA-sequencing and expression quantitative trait locus analyses in 101 left atrial samples, the most relevant tissue for AF. We also performed transcriptome-wide analyses that identified 57 AF-associated genes, 42 of which overlap with GWAS loci. The identified loci implicate genes enriched within cardiac developmental, electrophysiological, contractile and structural pathways. These results extend our understanding of the biological pathways underlying AF and may facilitate the development of therapeutics for AF.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ehlerding, A., et al.
(författare)
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The dissociative recombination of fluorocarbon ions III : CF2+ and CF3
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 39:4, s. 805-812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross sections and branching ratios are presented for the dissociative recombination of the CF2+ and C-3(+) ions with electrons. It is found that the channel producing CF + F is dominant for the reaction with CF2+ and the production of CF2 + F is dominant for the reaction with CF3+. The cross sections for these two ions are very similar.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Novotny, O, et al.
(författare)
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The dissociative recombination of fluorocarbon ions : II. CF
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 38:10, s. 1471-1482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dissociative recombination and excitation of CF+ have been measured at the ASTRID and CRYRING storage rings. Though examination of the available potential energy curves would suggest that the recombination rate would be large for this ion, in fact a rate constant of 5.2 +/- 1.0 x 10(-8) (T-e/300)(-0.8) cm(3) s(-1) was found. The recombination cross section at low energies falls off to a minimum at 0.5 eV centre-of-mass collision energy but exhibits resonances at energies above this. The dissociative excitation cross section leading to C+ + F was also measured and this displays an onset beginning at about 7 eV.
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| 11. |
- Malengo, A., et al.
(författare)
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Final report on EURAMET project 1395/EURAMET.M.FF-K4.1.2016 : Volume comparison at 20 L
- 2020
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Ingår i: Metrologia. - : Institute of Physics Publishing. - 0026-1394 .- 1681-7575. ; 57:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the EURAMET TC-F annual meeting, held in Boras in 2015, it was agreed to perform the follow up of the CCM.FF-K4.1.2011 organized for the EURAMET NMIs for volume of liquids at 20 L. The transfer standard was a 20 L pipette supplied by CENAM. The participants of this comparison also involved in the comparison CCM.FF-K4.1.2011 were: CENAM, INRIM, IPQ, RISE and VSL, in total there were twenty-one participants. The comparison was organized in two petals, INIRM perform three measurements, at the beginning, after the first petal and at the end of the circulation. The comparison measurements started in April 2016 and ended in October 2017. It should be noted that most of the participants (thirteen) declared an expanded uncertainty less than 0,005 %. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
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| 12. |
- Fowler, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental benefits of leaving offshore infrastructure in the ocean
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 1540-9295. ; 16:10, s. 571-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The removal of thousands of structures associated with oil and gas development from the world's oceans is well underway, yet the environmental impacts of this decommissioning practice remain unknown. Similar impacts will be associated with the eventual removal of offshore wind turbines. We conducted a global survey of environmental experts to guide best decommissioning practices in the North Sea, a region with a substantial removal burden. In contrast to current regulations, 94.7% of experts (36 out of 38) agreed that a more flexible case-by-case approach to decommissioning could benefit the North Sea environment. Partial removal options were considered to deliver better environmental outcomes than complete removal for platforms, but both approaches were equally supported for wind turbines. Key considerations identified for decommissioning were biodiversity enhancement, provision of reef habitat, and protection from bottom trawling, all of which are negatively affected by complete removal. We provide recommendations to guide the revision of offshore decommissioning policy, including a temporary suspension of obligatory removal.
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| 13. |
- Sator, Lea, et al.
(författare)
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Overdiagnosis of COPD in Subjects With Unobstructed Spirometry A BOLD Analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 156:2, s. 277-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There are several reports on underdiagnosis of COPD, while little is known about COPD overdiagnosis and overtreatment. We describe the overdiagnosis and the prevalence of spirometrically defined false positive COPD, as well as their relationship with overtreatment across 23 population samples in 20 countries participating in the BOLD Study between 2003 and 2012.METHODS: A false positive diagnosis of COPD was considered when participants reported a doctor's diagnosis of COPD, but postbronchodilator spirometry was unobstructed (FEV1/FVC > LLN). Additional analyses were performed using the fixed ratio criterion (FEV1/FVC < 0.7).RESULTS: Among 16,177 participants, 919 (5.7%) reported a previous medical diagnosis of COPD. Postbronchodilator spirometry was unobstructed in 569 subjects (61.9%): false positive COPD. A similar rate of overdiagnosis was seen when using the fixed ratio criterion (55.3%). In a subgroup analysis excluding participants who reported a diagnosis of "chronic bronchitis" or "emphysema" (n = 220), 37.7% had no airflow limitation. The site-specific prevalence of false positive COPD varied greatly, from 1.9% in low- to middle-income countries to 4.9% in high-income countries. In multivariate analysis, overdiagnosis was more common among women, and was associated with higher education; former and current smoking; the presence of wheeze, cough, and phlegm; and concomitant medical diagnosis of asthma or heart disease. Among the subjects with false positive COPD, 45.7% reported current use of respiratory medication. Excluding patients with reported asthma, 34.4% of those with normal spirometry still used a respiratory medication.CONCLUSIONS: False positive COPD is frequent. This might expose nonobstructed subjects to possible adverse effects of respiratory medication.
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| 14. |
- Studnicka, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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COPD : Should Diagnosis Match Physiology?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 157:2, s. 473-475
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
- Artigas, J., et al.
(författare)
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Towards a renewed research agenda in ecotoxicology
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491. ; 160, s. 201-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New concerns about biodiversity, ecosystem services and human health triggered several new regulations increasing the need for sound ecotoxicological risk assessment. The PEER network aims to share its view on the research issues that this challenges. PEER scientists call for an improved biologically relevant exposure assessment. They promote comprehensive effect assessment at several biological levels. Biological traits should be used for Environmental risk assessment (ERA) as promising tools to better understand relationships between structure and functioning of ecosystems. The use of modern high throughput methods could also enhance the amount of data for a better risk assessment. Improved models coping with multiple stressors or biological levels are necessary to answer for a more scientifically based risk assessment. Those methods must be embedded within life cycle analysis or economical models for efficient regulations. Joint research programmes involving humanities with ecological sciences should be developed for a sound risk management. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Grunddal, K. V., et al.
(författare)
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Neurotensin Is Coexpressed, Coreleased, and Acts Together With GLP-1 and PYY in Enteroendocrine Control of Metabolism
- 2016
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 157:1, s. 176-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 2 gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) are well known to be coexpressed, costored, and released together to coact in the control of key metabolic target organs. However, recently, it became clear that several other gut hormones can be coexpressed in the intestinal-specific lineage of enteroendocrine cells. Here, we focus on the anatomical and functional consequences of the coexpression of neurotensin with GLP-1 and PYY in the distal small intestine. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, laser capture, and triple staining demonstrated that GLP-1 cells in the crypts become increasingly multihormonal, ie, coexpressing PYY and neurotensin as they move up the villus. Proglucagon promoter and pertussis toxin receptor-driven cell ablation and reappearance studies indicated that although all the cells die, the GLP-1 cells reappear more quickly than PYY- and neurotensin-positive cells. High-resolution confocal fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that neurotensin is stored in secretory granules distinct from GLP-1 and PYY storing granules. Nevertheless, the 3 peptides were cosecreted from both perfused small intestines and colonic crypt cultures in response to a series of metabolite, neuropeptide, and hormonal stimuli. Importantly, neurotensin acts synergistically, ie, more than additively together with GLP-1 and PYY to decrease palatable food intake and inhibit gastric emptying, but affects glucose homeostasis in a more complex manner. Thus, neurotensin is a major gut hormone deeply integrated with GLP-1 and PYY, which should be taken into account when exploiting the enteroendocrine regulation of metabolism pharmacologically.
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| 17. |
- Neerland, B. E., et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonists for the prevention of delirium and cognitive decline after open heart surgery (ALPHA2PREVENT): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Postoperative delirium is common in older cardiac surgery patients and associated with negative short-term and long-term outcomes. The alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine shows promise as prophylaxis and treatment for delirium in intensive care units (ICU) and postoperative settings. Clonidine has similar pharmacological properties and can be administered both parenterally and orally. We aim to study whether repurposing of clonidine can represent a novel treatment option for delirium, and the possible effects of dexmedetomidine and clonidine on long-term cognitive trajectories, motor activity patterns and biomarkers of neuronal injury, and whether these effects are associated with frailty status. Methods and analysis This five-centre, double-blind randomised controlled trial will include 900 cardiac surgery patients aged 70+ years. Participants will be randomised 1:1:1 to dexmedetomidine or clonidine or placebo. The study drug will be given as a continuous intravenous infusion from the start of cardiopulmonary bypass, at a rate of 0.4 mu g/kg/hour. The infusion rate will be decreased to 0.2 mu g/kg/hour postoperatively and be continued until discharge from the ICU or 24 hours postoperatively, whichever happens first. Primary end point is the 7-day cumulative incidence of postoperative delirium (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition). Secondary end points include the composite end point of coma, delirium or death, in addition to delirium severity and motor activity patterns, levels of circulating biomarkers of neuronal injury, cognitive function and frailty status 1 and 6 months after surgery. Ethics and dissemination This trial is approved by the Regional Committee for Ethics in Medical Research in Norway (South-East Norway) and by the Norwegian Medicines Agency. Dissemination plans include publication in peer-reviewed medical journals and presentation at scientific meetings.
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| 18. |
- Svendsen, JI, et al.
(författare)
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Late quaternary ice sheet history of northern Eurasia
- 2004
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791. ; 23:11-13, s. 1229-1271
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maximum limits of the Eurasian ice sheets during four glaciations have been reconstructed: (1) the Late Saalian (> 140 ka), (2) the Early Weichselian (100-80 ka), (3) the Middle Weichselian (60-50 ka) and (4) the Late Weichselian (25-15 ka). The reconstructed ice limits are based on satellite data and aerial photographs combined with geological field investigations in Russia and Siberia, and with marine seismic- and sediment core data. The Barents-Kara Ice Sheet got progressively smaller during each glaciation, whereas the dimensions of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet increased. During the last Ice Age the Barents-Kara Ice Sheet attained its maximum size as early as 90-80,000 years ago when the ice front reached far onto the continent. A regrowth of the ice sheets occurred during the early Middle Weichselian, culminating about 60-50,000 years ago. During the Late Weichselian the Barents-Kara Ice Sheet did not reach the mainland east of the Kanin Peninsula, with the exception of the NW fringe of Taimyr. A numerical ice-sheet model, forced by global sea level and solar changes, was run through the full Weichselian glacial cycle. The modeling results are roughly compatible with the geological record of ice growth, but the model underpredicts the glaciations in the Eurasian Arctic during the Early and Middle Weichselian. One reason for this is that the climate in the Eurasian Arctic was not as dry then as during the Late Weichselian glacial maximum.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Hedin, Eva M. K., et al.
(författare)
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Implications of surface charge and curvature for the binding orientation of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase on negatively charged or zwitterionic phospholipid vesicles as studied by ESR spectroscopy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 44:50, s. 16658-16671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The triglyceride lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) binds with high affinity to unilamellar phospholipid vesicles that serve as a diluent interface for both lipase and substrate, but it displays interfacial activation on only small and negatively charged such vesicles [Cajal, Y., et al. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 413-423]. The productive-mode binding orientation of TLL at the lipid-water interface of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) consisting of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyi-sn-glycero-3-phosphati-dylglycerol (POPG) was previously determined using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in combination with site-directed spin-labeling [Hedin, E. M. K., et al. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 1418514196]. In our investigation, we have studied the interfacial orientation of TLL when bound to large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) consisting of POPG, and bound to SUV consisting of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylsn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC). Eleven single-cysteine TLL mutants were spin-labeled as previously described, and studied upon membrane binding using the water soluble spin-relaxation agent chromium(III) oxalate (Crox). Furthermore, dansyl-labeled vesicles revealed the intermolecular fluorescence quenching efficiency between each spin-label positioned on TLL, and the lipid membrane. ESR exposure and fluorescence quenching data show that TILL associates closer to the negatively charged PG surface than the zwitterionic PC surface, and binds to both POPG LUV and POPC SUV predominantly through the concave backside of TLL opposite the active site, as revealed by the contact residues K74C-SL, R209C-SL, and T192C-SL. This orientation is significantly different compared to that on the POPG SUV, and might explain the differences in activation of the lipase. Evidently, both the charge and accessibility (curvature) of the vesicle surface determine the TLL orientation at the phospholipid interface.
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| 21. |
- Hedin, Eva . M. K., et al.
(författare)
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Interfacial orientation of Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase on phospholipid vesicles investigated by electron spin resonance relaxation spectroscopy
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 41:48, s. 14185-14196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The binding orientation of the interfacially activated Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL, EC 3.1.1.3) on phospholipid vesicles was investigated using site-directed spin labeling and electron spin resonance (ESR) relaxation spectroscopy. Eleven TLL single-cysteine mutants, each with the mutation positioned at the surface of the enzyme, were selectively spin labeled with the nitroxide reagent (1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-Delta(3)-pyrroline-3-methyl) methanethiosulfonate. These were studied together with small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) consisting of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG), to which TLL has previously been shown to bind in a catalytically active form [Cajal, Y., et al. (2000) Biochemistry, 39, 413-423]. The orientation of TLL with respect to the lipid membrane was investigated using, a water-soluble spin relaxation agent. chromium(III) oxalate (Crox), and a recently developed ESR relaxation technique [Lin, Y., et al. (1998) Science 279, 1925-1929], here modified to low microwave amplitude (< 0.36 G). The exposure to Crox for the spin label at the different positions on the surface of TLL was determined in the absence and presence of vesicles. The spin label at positions Gly61-Cys and Thr267-Cys, closest to the active site nucleophile Ser146 of the positions analyzed, displayed the lowest exposure factors to the membrane-impermeable spin relaxant, indicating the proximity to the vesicle surface. As an independent technique, fluorescence spectroscopy was employed to measure fluorescence quenching of dansyl-labeled POPG vesicles as exerted by the protein-bound spin labels. The resulting Stern-Volmer quenching constants showed excellent agreement with the ESR exposure factors. An interfacial orientation of TLL is proposed on the basis of the obtained results.
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| 22. |
- Hedin, Eva. M. K., et al.
(författare)
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Selective reduction and chemical modification of oxidized lipase cysteine mutants
- 2002
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Ingår i: Canadian journal of chemistry (Print). - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0008-4042 .- 1480-3291. ; 80:6, s. 529-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirteen single-cysteine mutants of the 33 kDa fungal triacylglycerol lipase Thermomyces (formerly Humicola) lanuginosa lipase (TLL, EC 3.1.1.3) Were produced and characterized for the purpose of site-directed chemical modification with spectroscopic reporter groups. All cysteine mutants were found to be predominantly blocked by oxidation to disulfides with endogenous cysteine during production. The fraction of lipase molecules with free sulfhydryl groups was analyzed by labeling with N-biotinylaminoethyl methanethiosulfonate, followed by a novel dot-blot method based on biotin-streptavidin interactions. A non-invasive method for the reduction of the introduced cysteine was elaborated for this protein containing three native disulfide bridges. The site-specifically reduced TLL mutants were then labeled with the sulfhydryl-specific reagents 2-(5-dimethylaminonaphth-1-ylsulfonamido)ethyl methanethiosulfonate or (1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-Delta(3)-pyrroline-3-methyl) methanethiosulfonate, and studied by fluorescence and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.
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| 23. |
- Hubberten, HW, et al.
(författare)
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The periglacial climate and environment in northern Eurasia during the Last Glaciation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791. ; 23:11-13, s. 1333-1357
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes the results of studies of the Late Weichselian periglacial environments carried out in key areas of northern Eurasia by several QUEEN teams (European Science Foundation (ESF) programme: "Quaternary Environment of the Eurasian North"). The palaeoglaciological boundary conditions are defined by geological data on timing and extent of the last glaciation obtained in the course of the EU funded project "Eurasian Ice Sheets". These data prove beyond any doubt, that with the exception of the northwestern fringe of the Taymyr Peninsula, the rest of the Eurasian mainland and Severnaya Zemlya were not affected by the Barents-Kara Sea fee Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Inversed modelling based on these results shows that a progressive cooling which started around 30 ka BP, caused ice growth in Scandinavia and the northwestern areas of the Barents-Kara Sea shelf, due to a maritime climate with relatively high precipitation along the western flank of the developing ice sheets. In the rest of the Eurasian Arctic extremely low precipitation rates (less than 50 mm yr(-1)), did not allow ice sheet growth in spite of the very cold temperatures. Palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental conditions for the time prior to, during, and after the LGM have been reconstructed for the non-glaciated areas around the LGM ice sheet with the use of faunal and vegetation records, permafrost, eolian sediments, alluvial deposits and other evidences. The changing environment, from interstadial conditions around 30 ka BP to a much colder and drier environment at the culmination of the LGM at 20-15 ka BP, and the beginning of warming around 15 ka BP have been elaborated from the field data, which fits well with the modelling results. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Jorgensen, R. B., et al.
(författare)
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Simulated Restaurant Cook Exposure to Emissions of PAHs, Mutagenic Aldehydes, and Particles from Frying Bacon
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1545-9624 .- 1545-9632. ; 10:3, s. 122-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the exposure of cooks to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), higher mutagenic aldehydes, total particles, and ultrafine particles during cooking. Experiments were performed by pan frying fresh and smoked bacon on both electric and gas stoves, and with the gas alone. Detailed analyses of PAHs were performed, with analyses of the levels of 32 different PAHs. A TSI-3939 scanning mobility particle sizer system was used to measure the ultrafine particles. The results showed that total PAHs were in the range of 270–300 ng/m3 air. However, the smoked bacon experiment showed a somewhat different PAH pattern, whereby retene constituted about 10% of the total PAHs, which is a level similar to that of the abundant gas phase constituent phenanthrene. The reason for the elevated retene emissions is unknown. The total cancer risk, expressed as toxic equivalency factors, showed a somewhat higher risk on the electric stove (p < 0.05) compared with the gas stove. Levels of trans, trans-2,4-decadienal were between 34 and 54 μg/m3 air. The level of total particles was between 2.2 and 4.2 mg/m3. Frying on a gas stove caused a statistically significant higher amount of ultrafine particles compared with frying on an electric stove. Large variations in the mobility diameter at peak particle concentration were found (74.4 nm–153.5 nm). The highest mobility diameter was found for frying on an electric stove. The gas flame itself showed a maximum production of 19.5-nm-sized particles and could not be the explanation for the difference between frying on the gas stove and frying on the electric stove. No single indicator for the exposure to cooking fume could be selected. Each compound should be measured independently to provide a comprehensive characterization of the cooking exposure.
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| 26. |
- Schnabel, Renate B., et al.
(författare)
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Searching for Atrial Fibrillation Poststroke : A White Paper of the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration
- 2019
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 140:22, s. 1834-1850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiac thromboembolism attributed to atrial fibrillation (AF) is responsible for up to one-third of ischemic strokes. Stroke may be the first manifestation of previously undetected AF. Given the efficacy of oral anticoagulants in preventing AF-related ischemic strokes, strategies of searching for AF after a stroke using ECG monitoring followed by oral anticoagulation (OAC) treatment have been proposed to prevent recurrent cardioembolic strokes. This white paper by experts from the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration summarizes existing evidence and knowledge gaps on searching for AF after a stroke by using ECG monitoring. New AF can be detected by routine plus intensive ECG monitoring in approximately one-quarter of patients with ischemic stroke. It may be causal, a bystander, or neurogenically induced by the stroke. AF after a stroke is a risk factor for thromboembolism and a strong marker for atrial myopathy. After acute ischemic stroke, patients should undergo 72 hours of electrocardiographic monitoring to detect AF. The diagnosis requires an ECG of sufficient quality for confirmation by a health professional with ECG rhythm expertise. AF detection rate is a function of monitoring duration and quality of analysis, AF episode definition, interval from stroke to monitoring commencement, and patient characteristics including old age, certain ECG alterations, and stroke type. Markers of atrial myopathy (eg, imaging, atrial ectopy, natriuretic peptides) may increase AF yield from monitoring and could be used to guide patient selection for more intensive/prolonged poststroke ECG monitoring. Atrial myopathy without detected AF is not currently sufficient to initiate OAC. The concept of embolic stroke of unknown source is not proven to identify patients who have had a stroke benefitting from empiric OAC treatment. However, some embolic stroke of unknown source subgroups (eg, advanced age, atrial enlargement) might benefit more from non-vitamin K-dependent OAC therapy than aspirin. Fulfilling embolic stroke of unknown source criteria is an indication neither for empiric non-vitamin K-dependent OAC treatment nor for withholding prolonged ECG monitoring for AF. Clinically diagnosed AF after a stroke or a transient ischemic attack is associated with significantly increased risk of recurrent stroke or systemic embolism, in particular, with additional stroke risk factors, and requires OAC rather than antiplatelet therapy. The minimum subclinical AF duration required on ECG monitoring poststroke/transient ischemic attack to recommend OAC therapy is debated.
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| 27. |
- Song, S., et al.
(författare)
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Crystalline GaSb-core optical fibers with room-temperature photoluminescence
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optical Materials Express. - : OPTICAL SOC AMER. - 2159-3930. ; 8:6, s. 1435-1440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glass-clad, GaSb-core fibers were drawn and subsequently laser annealed. The as-drawn fibers were found to be polycrystalline, possess Sb inclusions, and have oxide contamination concentrations of less than 3 at%. Melting and resolidifying regions in the cores using 10.6 mu m CO2 laser radiation yielded single crystalline zones with enhanced photoluminescence (PL), including the first observation of strong room temperature PL from a crystalline core fiber. Annealed fibers show low values of tensile strain and a bandgap close to that of bulk GaSb.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Wang, Yucheng, et al.
(författare)
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Late Quaternary Dynamics of Arctic Biota from Ancient Environmental Genomics
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 600:7887, s. 86-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last glacial–interglacial cycle, Arctic biotas experienced substantial climatic changes, yet the nature, extent and rate of their responses are not fully understood1–8. Here we report a large-scale environmental DNA metagenomic study of ancient plant and mammal communities, analysing 535 permafrost and lake sediment samples from across the Arctic spanning the past 50,000 years. Furthermore, we present 1,541 contemporary plant genome assemblies that were generated as reference sequences. Our study provides several insights into the long-term dynamics of the Arctic biota at the circumpolar and regional scales. Our key fndings include: (1) a relatively homogeneous steppe–tundra fora dominated the Arctic during the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by regional divergence of vegetation during the Holocene epoch; (2) certain grazing animals consistently co-occurred in space and time; (3) humans appear to have been a minor factor in driving animal distributions; (4) higher efective precipitation, as well as an increase in the proportion of wetland plants, show negative efects on animal diversity; (5) the persistence of the steppe–tundra vegetation in northern Siberia enabled the late survival of several now-extinct megafauna species, including the woolly mammoth until 3.9 ± 0.2 thousand years ago (ka) and the woolly rhinoceros until 9.8 ± 0.2 ka; and (6) phylogenetic analysis of mammoth environmental DNA reveals a previously unsampled mitochondrial lineage. Our fndings highlight the power of ancient environmental metagenomics analyses to advance understanding of population histories and long-term ecological dynamics
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| 30. |
- Wang, Yucheng, et al.
(författare)
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Reply to: When did mammoths go extinct?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 612:7938, s. 4-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 31. |
- Zabel, M, et al.
(författare)
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Corrigendum
- 2019
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Ingår i: ESC heart failure. - : Wiley. - 2055-5822. ; 6:4, s. 899-899
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
- Zor, K., et al.
(författare)
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A compact multifunctional microfluidic platform for exploring cellular dynamics in real-time using electrochemical detection
- 2014
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 4:109, s. 63761-63771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Downscaling of microfluidic cell culture and detection devices for electrochemical monitoring has mostly focused on miniaturization of the microfluidic chips which are often designed for specific applications and therefore lack functional flexibility. We present a compact microfluidic cell culture and electrochemical analysis platform with in-built fluid handling and detection, enabling complete cell based assays comprising on-line electrode cleaning, sterilization, surface functionalization, cell seeding, cultivation and electrochemical real-time monitoring of cellular dynamics. To demonstrate the versatility and multifunctionality of the platform, we explored amperometric monitoring of intracellular redox activity in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and detection of exocytotically released dopamine from rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used in both applications for monitoring cell sedimentation and adhesion as well as proliferation in the case of PC12 cells. The influence of flow rate on the signal amplitude in the detection of redox metabolism as well as the effect of mechanical stimulation on dopamine release were demonstrated using the programmable fluid handling capability. The here presented platform is aimed at applications utilizing cell based assays, ranging from e.g. monitoring of drug effects in pharmacological studies, characterization of neural stem cell differentiation, and screening of genetically modified microorganisms to environmental monitoring.
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| 33. |
- Aarestrup, K., et al.
(författare)
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Survival and progression rates of anadromous brown trout kelts Salmo trutta during downstream migration in freshwater and at sea
- 2015
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 535, s. 185-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The marine migration of post-spawning anadromous fish remains poorly understood. The present study examined survival and progression rates of anadromous brown trout Salmo trutta L. after spawning (kelts) during downriver, fjord, and sea migration. Kelts (n = 49) were captured in the Danish River Gudenaa, tagged with acoustic transmitters and subsequently recorded by automatic receivers. Kelts spent on average 25 d moving down the 45 km river and through the brackish fjord. The fish entered the Kattegat Sea between 14 April and 30 May. Eighteen of the 49 kelts disappeared in the river and fjord during outward migration, likely due to mortality. Survival was not significantly related to gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity, suggesting that physiological adaptation to saltwater may be less critical for adults compared to juveniles (smolts). Of the 31 fish that entered the Kattegat Sea, 45% survived and returned to the fjord. The duration of the entire marine migration, from leaving to entering the river, was on average 163 d. The fish returned from the Kattegat Sea to the fjord between 22 July and 21 October. Upon return, the fish spent 1-90 d passing through Randers Fjord, with most individuals completing the reach within 4 d, suggesting that the kelts spent limited time foraging after returning to the fjord. The total survival during the entire marine migration, including the fjord, was a minimum of 29%. Our study provides data that are important for management of anadromous brown trout, and the high survival highlights that kelts may represent a valuable resource for both population reproduction and recreational fisheries.
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| 34. |
- Abbot, Stewart, et al.
(författare)
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Report of the international conference on manufacturing and testing of pluripotent stem cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biologicals. - : Elsevier BV. - 1045-1056. ; 56, s. 67-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sessions included an overview of past cell therapy (CT) conferences sponsored by the International Alliance for Biological Standardization (IABS). The sessions highlighted challenges in the field of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and also addressed specific points on manufacturing, bioanalytics and comparability, tumorigenicity testing, storage, and shipping. Panel discussions complemented the presentations. The conference concluded that a range of new standardization groups is emerging that could help the field, but ways must be found to ensure that these efforts are coordinated. In addition, there are opportunities for regulatory convergence starting with a gap analysis of existing guidelines to determine what might be missing and what issues might be creating divergence. More specific global regulatory guidance, preferably from WHO, would be welcome. IABS and the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) will explore with stakeholders the development of a practical and innovative road map to support early CT product (CTP) developers.
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| 35. |
- Abrahamsen, R., et al.
(författare)
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Association of respiratory symptoms and asthma with occupational exposures: findings from a population-based cross-sectional survey in Telemark, Norway
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and physiciandiagnosed asthma and assess the impact of current occupational exposure. Design: Cross-sectional analyses of the prevalence of self-reported respiratory health and association with current occupational exposure in a random sample of the general population in Telemark County, Norway. Settings: In 2013, a self-administered questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of the general population, aged 16-50, in Telemark, Norway. The overall response rate was 33%, comprising 16 099 responders. Outcome measures: The prevalence for respiratory symptoms and asthma, and OR of respiratory symptoms and asthma for occupational groups and exposures were calculated. Occupational exposures were assessed using self-reported exposure and an asthma-specific job-exposure matrix (JEM). Results: The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 11.5%. For the occupational groups, the category with agriculture/fishery workers and craft/related trade workers was associated with wheezing and asthma attack in the past 12 months, showing OR 1.3 (1.1 to 1.6) and 1.9 (1.2 to 2.8), respectively. The group including technicians and associated professionals was also associated with wheezing OR 1.2 (1.0 to 1.3) and asthma attack OR 1.4 (1.1 to 1.9). The JEM data show that exposure to flour was associated with wheezing OR 3.2 (1.4 to 7.3) and woken with dyspnoea OR 3.5 (1.3 to 9.5), whereas exposures to diisocyanates, welding/soldering fumes and exposure to vehicle/motor exhaust were associated with dyspnoea OR 2.9 (1.5 to 5.7), 3.2 (1.6 to 6.4) and 1.4 (1.0 to 1.8), respectively. Conclusions: The observed prevalence of physiciandiagnosed asthma was 11.5%. The 'manual' occupations were associated with respiratory symptoms. Occupational exposure to flour, diisocyanates, welding/soldering fumes and vehicle/motor exhaust was associated with respiratory symptoms in the past 12 months and use of asthma medication. However, prospective data are needed to confirm the observed associations.
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| 36. |
- Abrahamsen, R., et al.
(författare)
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Non-response in a cross-sectional study of respiratory health in Norway
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Declining participation in epidemiological studies has been reported in recent decades and may lead to biased prevalence estimates and selection bias. The aim of the study was to identify possible causes and effects of non-response in a population-based study of respiratory health in Norway. Design: The Telemark study is a longitudinal study that began with a cross-sectional survey in 2013. Setting: In 2013, a random sample of 50 000 inhabitants aged 16-50 years, living in Telemark county, received a validated postal questionnaire. The response rate was 33%. In this study, a random sample of 700 non-responders was contacted first by telephone and then by mail. Outcome measures: Response rates, prevalence and OR of asthma and respiratory symptoms based on exposure to vapours, gas, dust or fumes (VGDF) and smoking. Causes of non-response. Results: A total of 260 non-responders (37%) participated. Non-response was associated with younger age, male sex, living in a rural area and past smoking. The prevalence was similar for responders and non-responders for physician-diagnosed asthma and several respiratory symptoms. The prevalence of chronic cough and use of asthma medication was overestimated in the Telemark study, and adjusted prevalence estimates were 17.4% and 5%, respectively. Current smoking was identified as a risk factor for respiratory symptoms among responders and non-responders, while occupational VGDF exposure was a risk factor only among responders. The Breslow-Day test detected heterogeneity between productive cough and occupational VGDF exposure among responders. Conclusions: The Telemark study provided valid estimates for physician-diagnosed asthma and several respiratory symptoms, while it was necessary to adjust prevalence estimates for chronic cough and use of asthma medication. Reminder letters had little effect on risk factor associations. Selection bias should be considered in future investigations of the relationship between respiratory outcomes and exposures.
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| 37. |
- Barker, Roger A, et al.
(författare)
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Stem Derived Dopamine Neurons : Will They Replace DBS as the Leading Neurosurgical Treatment for Parkinson's Disease?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Parkinson's Disease. - 1877-718X. ; 11:3, s. 909-917
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of stem cell derived dopamine neurons for treating patients with Parkinson's disease has now evolved to the first in human clinical trials. In this debate, we argue that assuming these trials give positive outcomes that this therapy will supercede DBS as the neurosurgical treatment of choice for PD patients in the future given it is a one-off therapy that repairs a critical pathway in the parkinsonian brain.
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| 38. |
- Bartel, T., et al.
(författare)
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Investigations on enhanced Fischer–Burmeister NCP functions : application to a rate-dependent model for ferroelectrics
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Archive of Applied Mechanics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-1533 .- 1432-0681. ; 89:6, s. 995-1010
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This contribution deals with investigations on enhanced Fischer–Burmeister nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP) functions applied to a rate-dependent laminate-based material model for ferroelectrics. The framework is based on the modelling and parametrisation of the material’s microstructure via laminates together with the respective volume fractions. These volume fractions are treated as internal-state variables and are subject to several inequality constraints which can be treated in terms of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. The Fischer–Burmeister NCP function provides a sophisticated scheme to incorporate Karush–Kuhn–Tucker-type conditions into calculations of internal-state variables. However, these functions are prone to numerical instabilities in their original form. Therefore, some enhanced formulations of the Fischer–Burmeister ansatz are discussed and compared to each other in this contribution.
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| 39. |
- Baturova, Maria A., et al.
(författare)
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Atrial fibrillation as a clinical characteristic of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy : Experience from the Nordic ARVC Registry
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 298, s. 39-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent studies in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) patients have drawn attention to atrial fibrillation (AF) as an arrhythmic manifestation of ARVC and as an indicator of atrial involvement in the disease progression. We aimed to assess the prevalence of AF in the Scandinavian cohort of ARVC patients and to evaluate its association with disease clinical manifestations. Methods: Study sample comprised of 293 definite ARVC patients by 2010 Task Force criteria (TFC2010) and 141 genotype-positive family members (total n = 434, 43% females, median age at ARVC diagnosis 41 years [interquartile range (IQR) 28–52 years]). ARVC diagnostic score was calculated as the sum of major (2 points) and minor (1 point) criteria in all categories of the TFC2010. Results: AF was diagnosed in 42 patients (10%): in 41 patients with definite ARVC diagnosis (14%) vs in one genotype-positive family member (1%), p < 0.001. The median age at AF onset was 51 (IQR 38–58) years. The prevalence of AF was related to the ARVC diagnostic score: it significantly increased starting with the diagnostic score 4 (2% in those with score 3 vs 13% in those with score 4, p = 0.023) and increased further with increased diagnostic score (Somer's d value is 0.074, p < 0.001). Conclusion: AF is seen in 14% of definite ARVC patients and is related to the severity of disease phenotype thus suggesting AF being an arrhythmic manifestation of this cardiomyopathy indicating atrial myocardial involvement in the disease progression.
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| 40. |
- Baturova, Maria A., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of P-wave indices during long-term follow-up as markers of atrial substrate progression in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press. - 1099-5129 .- 1532-2092. ; 23:Supplement_1, s. i29-i37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) have increased prevalence of atrial arrhythmias indicating atrial involvement in the disease. We aimed to assess the long-term evolution of P-wave indices as electrocardiographic (ECG) markers of atrial substrate during ARVC progression.METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 100 patients with a definite ARVC diagnosis according to 2010 Task Force criteria [34% females, median age 41 (inter-quartile range 30-55) years]. All available sinus rhythm ECGs (n = 1504) were extracted from the regional electronic ECG databases and automatically processed using Glasgow algorithm. P-wave duration, P-wave area, P-wave frontal axis, and prevalence of abnormal P terminal force in lead V1 (aPTF-V1) were assessed and compared at ARVC diagnosis, 10 years before and up to 15 years after diagnosis.Prior to ARVC diagnosis, none of the P-wave indices differed significantly from the data at ARVC diagnosis. After ascertainment of ARVC diagnosis, P-wave area in lead V1 decreased from -1 to -30 µV ms at 5 years (P = 0.002). P-wave area in lead V2 decreased from 82 µV ms at ARVC diagnosis to 42 µV ms 10 years after ARVC diagnosis (P = 0.006). The prevalence of aPTF-V1 increased from 5% at ARVC diagnosis to 18% by the 15th year of follow-up (P = 0.004). P-wave duration and frontal axis did not change during disease progression.CONCLUSION: Initial ARVC progression was associated with P-wave flattening in right precordial leads and in later disease stages an increased prevalence of aPTF-V1 was seen.
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| 41. |
- Bodén, Petra, et al.
(författare)
-
Pronunciation in Swedish multietnolect
- 2010
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Ingår i: Multilingual Urban Scandinavia. New Linguistic Practices. - 9781847693136 ; , s. 65-78
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 42. |
- Caboi, F, et al.
(författare)
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Lipase action on a monoolein/sodium oleate aqueous cubic liquid crystalline phase - a NMR and X-ray diffraction study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. - 1873-4367. ; 26:1-2, s. 159-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of adding Thermomyces (formerly Humicola) lanuginosa lipase (TLL) to a monoolein (MO)/sodium oleate (NaO) aqueous cubic liquid crystalline phase has been studied. H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, H-1-PGSE (Pulsed-magnetic field Gradient Spin-Echo) self-diffusion measurements, and Small Angle X-ray Diffraction were used to follow the degradation of the cubic phase. The reaction sequence in terms of phase transitions follows the order bicontinuous cubic --> reverse hexagonal --> micellar cubic --> micellar phase and corresponds to the previously determined phase diagrams. These changes correlate with changes in the lipid composition observed by C-13-NMR and confirmed by HPLC analysis. The initial decrease of the diffusion coefficients of water and lipid can be related to the transformation of the bicontinuous cubic phase to a reverse hexagonal structure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 43. |
- Campos, J, et al.
(författare)
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On the interaction between adsorbed layers of monoolein and the lipase action on the formed layers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. - 1873-4367 .- 0927-7765. ; 26:1-2, s. 172-182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used the Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) and ellipsometry techniques to study the interaction forces and the adsorption behavior of monoolein (MO), respectively. MO was adsorbed from water to a hydrophobised mica or silica surface. In addition the effect of added lipase, Thermomyces (Humicula) lanuginosa lipase (TLL), to an adsorbed layer of MO was investigated. The force versus distance curves between two MO covered surfaces feature a strong repulsive interaction beneath 400 A. The range of the repulsive force decreases, however, with the number of approaches. No adhesion was observed, provided that the surfaces were not taken to hydrophobic contact. The surface separation at MO-MO contact was determined to about 55 Angstrom This means a layer thickness of about 27 Angstrom, which is comparable to the thickness (25 Angstrom) determined by ellipsometry. The repulsive force may arise from compression of a cubic phase of MO. This phase are suggested to form between the surfaces when they approach close contact due to capillary induced phase separation (CIPS) from the saturated MO solution. The repulsive force changes significantly with time after addition of TLL (concentration of about 1 x 10(-8) M). In contrast to the force curves recorded before adding TLL, the surfaces do not seem to be completely covered with MO as we always observed an attractive force (inward jump) of similar range as was observed between pure OTE surfaces. Ellipsometry measurement of TLL action on MO covered hydrophobic surface reveals a significant and sharp decrease of the amounts adsorbed. Furthermore, the rate of decrease and reduction in adsorbed amount increased with TLL concentration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights. reserved.
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| 44. |
- Clarhed, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational exposure and the risk of new-onset chronic rhinosinusitis - a prospective study 2013-2018.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Rhinology. - 0300-0729. ; 58:6, s. 597-604
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aetiology behind chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the onset of CRS and several common occupational exposures over time.An adult random population from Telemark, Norway, comprising 7,952 subjects, who answered a comprehensive respiratory questionnaire including questions on CRS and occupational exposure first in 2013 and again in 2018.New-onset CRS during the five-year follow-up was independently associated with occupational exposure to hair-care products, cleaning agents among women, super glue, strong acids, cooking fumes and wood dust.In this random population cohort from Norway, exposure to several common occupational agents, such as hair-care products, super glue and wood dust, was associated with the onset of CRS. It is important that physicians who see patients with CRS inquire about workplace exposure.
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| 45. |
- Dickson, L. T., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms to control laser-plasma coupling in laser wakefield electron acceleration
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams. - 2469-9888. ; 25:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental results, supported by precise modeling, demonstrate optimization of a plasma-based injector with intermediate laser pulse energy (<1 J), corresponding to a normalized vector potential a0=2.15, using ionization injection in a tailored plasma density profile. An increase in electron bunch quality and energy is achieved experimentally with the extension of the density downramp at the plasma exit. Optimization of the focal position of the laser pulse in the tailored plasma density profile is shown to efficiently reduce electron bunch angular deviation, leading to a better alignment of the electron bunch with the laser axis. Single peak electron spectra are produced in a previously unexplored regime by combining an early focal position and adaptive optic control of the laser wavefront by optimizing the symmetry of the prefocal laser energy distribution. Experimental results have been validated through particle-in-cell simulations using realistic laser energy, phase distribution, and temporal envelope, allowing for accurate predictions of difficult to model parameters, such as total charge and spatial properties of the electron bunches, opening the way for more accurate modeling for the design of plasma-based accelerators.
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| 46. |
- Dusthakar, D. K., et al.
(författare)
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Laminate-based modelling of single and polycrystalline ferroelectric materials – application to tetragonal barium titanate
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Mechanics of Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6636. ; 117, s. 235-254
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present contribution deals with the development of a laminate-based model designed to study the single and polycrystalline tetragonal ferroelectric material behaviour. Laminate-based models are micromechanically motivated and consider the volume fraction of the distinct ferroelectric variants directly in their formulation. At first, a single crystal laminate-based model is established by considering the average strain and polarisation compatibility conditions. A suitable thermodynamic electric Gibbs energy and a rate-dependent dissipation equation are postulated to capture the dissipative hysteretic material response. The update of the inequality constrained volume fractions is solved by adopting a Fischer–Burmeister-type algorithm in combination with a Newton–Raphson scheme. Following the single crystal formulation, a homogenisation procedure based on random orientation of the individual grains in a polycrystalline aggregate is considered. The material properties and the polarisation switching response of the randomly oriented individual grains are averaged using a finite element framework in order to study the macroscopic polycrystalline behaviour. A parameter fitting procedure based on experimental data for single crystalline response, taken from the literature, is detailed and the material model as well as the algorithmic scheme are verified by solving representative boundary value problems. Moreover, the finite element based simulation results are compared with newly generated experimental hysteresis data for a barium titanate piezoceramic.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Fell, A. K. M., et al.
(författare)
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Breath-taking jobs: a case-control study of respiratory work disability by occupation in Norway
- 2016
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 73:9, s. 600-606
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The current knowledge on respiratory work disability is based on studies that used crude categories of exposure. This may lead to a loss of power, and does not provide sufficient information to allow targeted workplace interventions and follow-up of patients with respiratory symptoms. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify occupations and specific exposures associated with respiratory work disability. Methods In 2013, a self-administered questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of the general population, aged 16-50, in Telemark County, Norway. We defined respiratory work disability as a positive response to the survey question: Have you ever had to change or leave your job because it affected your breathing?' Occupational exposures were assessed using an asthma-specific job-exposure matrix, and comparison of risks was made for cases and a median of 50 controls per case. Results 247 workers had changed their work because of respiratory symptoms, accounting for 1.7% of the respondents ever employed. The breath-taking jobs' were cooks/chefs: adjusted OR 3.6 (95% CI 1.6 to 8.0); welders: 5.2 (2.0 to 14); gardeners: 4.5 (1.3 to 15); sheet metal workers: 5.4 (2.0 to 14); cleaners: 5.0 (2.2 to 11); hairdressers: 6.4 (2.5 to 17); and agricultural labourers: 7.4 (2.5 to 22). Job changes were also associated with a variety of occupational exposures, with some differences between men and women. Conclusions Self-report and job-exposure matrix data showed similar findings. For the occupations and exposures associated with job change, preventive measures should be implemented.
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| 49. |
- Fell, A. K. M., et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke and respiratory symptoms in non-smoking adults: cross-sectional data from the general population of Telemark, Norway
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In Norway, data on the association between second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure at home and respiratory symptoms in adults are limited. Methods: We assessed the association between self-reported exposure to SHS and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among never-smokers aged 16 to 50 years from the general population who were included in a cross-sectional population-based study in Telemark County, Norway. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios of symptoms among 8850 never-smokers who provided an affirmative response to questions regarding SHS; 504 (5.7%) of these reported that they lived in a home with daily or occasional indoor smoking. Results: Productive cough and nocturnal dyspnoea were statistically associated with daily SHS exposure (ORs 1.5 [95% CI 1.04-2.0] and 1.8 [1.2-2.7], respectively). In analyses stratified by gender, nocturnal dyspnoea was associated with SHS among women (OR 1.8 [1.1-3.1]), but not among men (OR 0.93 [0.49-1.8]). Symptoms were not associated with occasional SHS exposure in the entire group, but infrequent exposure among men only was associated with increased prevalence of chronic cough; (OR 1.6; [1.04-2.6]) and was negatively associated with wheeze; (OR 0.44 [0.21-0.92)]. Conclusions: Daily SHS exposure in private homes was associated with productive cough and nocturnal dyspnoea. Our results suggest that preventive measures may be needed to reduce the respiratory effects of SHS at home.
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| 50. |
- Fjellstedt, J., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental analysis of the intermediary phases AlB2, AlB12 and TiB2 in the Al-B and Al-Ti-B systems
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 283:1-2, s. 192-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phases AlB2, AlB12 and TiB2 were studied in Al-rich Al-B and Al-Ti-B alloys produced by several different sample fabrication methods. The samples were examined using light optical microscopy (LOM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results indicate that only a limited solubility of Al in TiB2 and Ti in AlB2 exists, hence a continuous compound (Al,Ti)B2 is not stable. © 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
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