| 1. |
- Belitsky, Victor, 1955, et al.
(author)
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Facility Heterodyne Receiver for the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment Telescope
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared Millimeter Waves and 15th International conference on Terahertz Electronics, Sept 3-7, 2007, City Hall, Cardiff, Wales, UK. ; , s. 326-328
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Brynolf, Selma, 1984, et al.
(author)
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Improving environmental performance in shipping
- 2016
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In: Shipping and the Environment: Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783662490457 ; , s. 399-418
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This book addresses the environmental issues related to shipping and the natural environment, including descriptions of and proposed solutions to the issues. Currently, challenges exist that must be addressed if shipping is to become sustainable and fulfil the zero vision of no harmful emissions to the environment. In this chapter, we evaluate the steps that have been taken (if any) to limit the various environmental issues and discuss possible steps to be taken to improve environmental performance. Furthermore, future challenges must also be addressed, e.g., the current trend of increasing ship operations in the Arctic. In general, three factors could be addressed in order to reach environmentally sustainable shipping: regulations, technical solutions, and increased environmental awareness. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016. All rights are reserved.
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| 7. |
- Chiavari, C, et al.
(author)
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Atmospheric corrosion of historical organ pipes: The influence of environment and materials
- 2008
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In: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X. ; 50:9, s. 2444-2455
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The corrosion of lead-rich pipes in historical organs in different parts of Europe has been investigated. The influence of the environment and the composition and microstructure of the pipe metal was studied. Pipe Corrosion was documented by visual inspection (boroscope). The corrosion attack and the composition and microstructure of the metal were characterized by OM, SEM, XRD, IC and FAAS. It is shown that the degree of corrosion of the pipes is correlated to the concentration of gaseous acetic and formic acid in the organ. The organic acids are emitted by the wood from which the wind system is built. It is also shown that pipe corrosion decreases with increasing tin content in the range 0-4% (wt). Possible conservation strategies are discussed. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Engkvist, Inga-Lill, et al.
(author)
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Joint investigation of working conditions, environmental and system performance at recycling centres : Development of instruments and their usage
- 2010
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In: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 41:3, s. 336-346
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recycling is a new and developing industry, which has only been researched to a limited extent. This article describes the development and use of instruments for data collection within a multidisciplinary research programme "Recycling centres in Sweden - working conditions, environmental and system performance". The overall purpose of the programme was to form a basis for improving the function of recycling centres with respect to these three perspectives and the disciplines of: ergonomics, safety, external environment, and production systems. A total of 10 instruments were developed for collecting data from employees, managers and visitors at recycling centres. including one instrument for observing visitors. Validation tests were performed in several steps. This, along with the quality of the collected data, and experience from the data collection, showed that the instruments and methodology used were valid and suitable for their purpose.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Flach, Carl-Fredrik, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Does antifouling paint select for antibiotic resistance?
- 2017
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 590, s. 461-468
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is concern that heavy metals and biocides contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance via co-selection. Most antifouling paints contain high amounts of such substances, which risks turning painted ship hulls into highly mobile refuges and breeding grounds for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The objectives of this study were to start investigate if heavy-metal based antifouling paints can pose a risk for co-selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and, if so, identify the underlying genetic basis. Plastic panels with one side painted with copper and zinc-containing antifouling paint were submerged in a Swedish marina and biofilms from both sides of the panels were harvested after 2.5-4 weeks. DNA was isolated from the biofilms and subjected to metagenomic sequencing. Biofilm bacteria were cultured on marine agar supplemented with tetracycline, gentamicin, copper sulfate or zinc sulfate. Biofilm communities from painted surfaces displayed lower taxonomic diversity and enrichment of Gammaproteobacteria. Bacteria from these communities showed increased resistance to both heavy metals and tetracycline but not to gentamicin. Significantly higher abundance of metal and biocide resistance genes was observed, whereas mobile antibiotic resistance genes were not enriched in these communities. In contrast, we found an enrichment of chromosomal RND efflux system genes, including such with documented ability to confer decreased susceptibility to both antibiotics and biocides/heavy metals. This was paralleled by increased abundances of integron-associated integrase and ISCR transposase genes. The results show that the heavy metal-based antifouling paint exerts a strong selection pressure on marine bacterial communities and can co-select for certain antibiotic-resistant bacteria, likely by favoring species and strains carrying genes that provide cross-resistance. Although this does not indicate an immediate risk for promotion of mobile antibiotic resistance, the clear increase of genes involved in mobilizing DNA provides a foundation for increased opportunities for gene transfer in such communities, which might also involve yet unknown resistance mechanisms.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Giorgi, R., et al.
(author)
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Nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide for wood deacidification: Decreasing the emissions of organic acid vapors in church organ environments
- 2009
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In: Journal of Cultural Heritage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1296-2074 .- 1778-3674. ; 10:2, s. 206-213
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acetic and formic acid vapors emitted from woodwork in historical organs are very important corrosive agents for lead pipes. These acids are slowly released from the wood both during playing and when the pipes are silent. To inhibit this emission process. the wood surface can be modified, by creating a protective layer with alkaline features. However, a coating of wood is not recommended since this could modify the appearance and create a layer not perfectly compatible with the substrate. For this reason, we propose to use some innovative nanotechnology that has been successfully applied for the deacidification of wood samples coming from the Vasa shipwreck. Application of calcium (or magnesium) hydroxide nanoparticles, with sizes ranging from 30-150 nm, allowed a homogeneous distribution of particles through the surface layer of wood simply by soaking (or spraying) it in a alcohohc (or mixed with less polar solvents) dispersion of nanoparticies. Nanoparticles do not modify the wood appearance and distribute randomly within the first layers of wood. The small size of particles accounts for the high reactivity with CO2 from the air, to give the alkaline reserve of carbonates that provide high efficacy in the neutralization of gaseous acids. The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the treated wood was determined by using an emission test cell, Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC). The results show that the emissions of acetic acid vapor from nanoparticles treated wood was very low (
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| 13. |
- Gourdon, Mathias, 1980, et al.
(author)
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Pulp mill biorefineries
- 2013
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In: International Process Integration Jubilee Conference, Gothenburg, Sweden, March 18-20 2013.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 14. |
- Guan, Jikui, et al.
(author)
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Clinical response of the novel activating ALK-I1171T mutation in neuroblastoma to the ALK inhibitor ceritinib.
- 2018
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In: Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 2373-2873. ; 4:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tumors with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) fusion rearrangements, including non-small cell lung cancer and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, are highly sensitive to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), underscoring the notion that such cancers are addicted to ALK activity. While mutations in ALK are heavily implicated in childhood neuroblastoma, response to the ALK TKI crizotinib has been disappointing. Embryonal tumors in patients with DNA repair defects such as Fanconi anemia (FA) often have a poor prognosis, due to lack of therapeutic options. Here we report a child with underlying FA and ALK mutant high-risk neuroblastoma responding strongly to precision therapy with the ALK TKI ceritinib. Conventional chemotherapy treatment caused severe, life-threatening toxicity. Genomic analysis of the initial biopsy identified germ-line FANCA mutations as well as a novel ALK-I1171T variant. ALK-I1171T generates a potent gain-of-function mutant, as measured in PC12 cell neurite outgrowth and NIH3T3 transformation. Pharmacological inhibition profiling of ALK-I1171T in response to various ALK TKIs identified an 11-fold improved inhibition of ALK-I1171T with ceritinib when compared with crizotinib. Immunoaffinity-coupled LC-MS/MS phosphoproteomics analysis indicated a decrease in ALK signaling in response to ceritinib. Ceritinib was therefore selected for treatment in this child. Mono-therapy with ceritinib was well tolerated and resulted in normalized catecholamine markers and tumor shrinkage. After 7.5 months treatment, residual primary tumor was surgically removed and exhibited hallmarks of differentiation together with reduced Ki67 levels. Clinical follow-up after 21 months treatment revealed complete clinical remission including all metastatic sites. Therefore, ceritinib presents a viable therapeutic option for ALK-positive neuroblastoma.
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| 15. |
- He, Hongxing, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Forests on drained agricultural peatland are potentially large sources of greenhouse gases – insights from a full rotation period simulation
- 2015
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In: Biogeosciences Discussions. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1810-6277. ; 12, s. 19673-19710
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The CoupModel was used to simulate a Norway Spruce forest on fertile drained peat over 60 years, from planting in 1951 until 2011, describing abiotic, biotic and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO2 and N2O). By calibrating the model against tree ring data we obtained a "reference" model by which we were able to describe the fluxes and controlling factors over the 60 years. We discuss some conceptual issues relevant to improving the model in order to better understand peat soil simulations. However, the present model was able to describe the most important ecosystem dynamics such as the plant biomass development and GHG emissions. The GHG fluxes are composed of two important quantities, the forest carbon (C) uptake, 405 g C m−2 yr−1 and the decomposition of peat soil, 396 g C m−2 yr−1. N2O emissions contribute to the GHG emissions by 0.5 g N m−2 yr−1, corresponding to 56.8 g C m−2 yr−1. The 60-year-old Spruce forest has an accumulated biomass of 164 Mg C ha−1. However, over this period 208 Mg C ha−1 GHG has been added to the atmosphere, which means a net addition of GHG emissions. The main losses are from the peat soil and, indirectly, from forest thinning products, which we assume have a short lifetime. We conclude that after harvest at an age of 80 years, most of the stored biomass carbon is liable to be released, the system having captured C only temporarily and with a cost of disappeared peat, adding CO2 to the atmosphere.
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| 16. |
- He, Hongxing, 1987, et al.
(author)
-
Forests on drained agricultural peatland are potentially large sources of greenhouse gases – insights from a full rotation period simulation
- 2016
-
In: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 13, s. 2305-2318
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The CoupModel was used to simulate a Norway spruce forest on fertile drained peat over 60 years, from planting in 1951 until 2011, describing abiotic, biotic and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO2 and N2O). By calibrating the model against tree ring data a “vegetation fitted” model was obtained by which we were able to describe the fluxes and controlling factors over the 60 years. We discuss some conceptual issues relevant to improving the model in order to better understand peat soil simulations. However, the present model was able to describe the most important ecosystem dynamics such as the plant biomass development and GHG emissions. The GHG fluxes are composed of two important quantities, the spruce forest carbon (C) uptake, 413 g C m-2 yr-1 and the decomposition of peat soil, 399 gCm-2 yr-1. N2O emissions contribute to the GHG emissions by up to 0.7 gNm-2 yr-1, corresponding to 76 g Cm-2 yr-1. The 60-year old spruce forest has an accumulated biomass of 16.0 kg Cm-2 (corresponding to 60 kgCO2 m-2). However, over this period, 26.4 kg m-2 (97 kgCO2eqm-2) has been added to the atmosphere, as both CO2 and N2O originating from the peat soil and, indirectly, from forest thinning products, which we assume have a short lifetime. We conclude that after harvest at an age of 80 years, most of the stored biomass carbon is liable to be released, the system having captured C only temporarily and with a cost of disappeared peat, adding CO2 to the atmosphere.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- He, Hongxing, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Simulating ectomycorrhiza in boreal forests: implementing ectomycorrhizal fungi model MYCOFON in CoupModel (v5)
- 2018
-
In: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 11:2, s. 725-751
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The symbiosis between plants and Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) is shown to considerably influence the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes between the soil, rhizosphere, and plants in boreal forest ecosystems. However, ECM are either neglected or presented as an implicit, undynamic term in most ecosystem models, which can potentially reduce the predictive power of models. In order to investigate the necessity of an explicit consideration of ECM in ecosystem models, we implement the previously developed MYCOFON model into a detailed process-based, soil-plant-atmosphere model, Coup-MYCOFON, which explicitly describes the C and N fluxes between ECM and roots. This new Coup-MYCOFON model approach (ECM explicit) is compared with two simpler model approaches: one containing ECM implicitly as a dynamic uptake of organic N considering the plant roots to represent the ECM (ECM implicit), and the other a static N approach in which plant growth is limited to a fixed N level (nonlim). Parameter uncertainties are quantified using Bayesian calibration in which the model outputs are constrained to current forest growth and soil C / N ratio for four forest sites along a climate and N deposition gradient in Sweden and simulated over a 100-year period. The "nonlim" approach could not describe the soil C / N ratio due to large overestimation of soil N sequestration but simulate the forest growth reasonably well. The ECM "implicit" and "explicit" approaches both describe the soil C / N ratio well but slightly underestimate the forest growth. The implicit approach simulated lower litter production and soil respiration than the explicit approach. The ECM explicit Coup-MYCOFON model provides a more detailed description of internal ecosystem fluxes and feedbacks of C and N between plants, soil, and ECM. Our modeling highlights the need to incorporate ECM and organic N uptake into ecosystem models, and the nonlim approach is not recommended for future long-term soil C and N predictions. We also provide a key set of posterior fungal parameters that can be further investigated and evaluated in future ECM studies.
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| 19. |
- Inganaes, Olle, et al.
(author)
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Alternating fluorene copolymer-fullerene blend solar cells
- 2005
-
In: Optical Science and Engineering. ; 99, s. 387-402
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a new class of alternating fluorene copolymers, which can be combined with a fullerene acceptor, to make polymer blends suitable for photovoltaic energy conversion. By choice of comonomers in the polymer, it is possible to engineer the optical absorption spectrum and to cover the wavelength range down to 900 nm. The transport properties of the polymers investigated so far are competitive with other polymers used in polymer solar cells and the mixing of polymers with acceptors in the form of fullerenes is extensive. These polymers are therefore of interest in the future developments of high-performance polymer solar cells. [on SciFinder (R)]
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Jacobsson, Amanda, et al.
(author)
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”Ambulanssjukvården behöver genomgripande förändringar”
- 2021
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In: Dagens Medicin. - : Dagens Medicin. - 1402-1943. ; :2021-06-23
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Debattörer från Ambulance health research network vill se en nationell ledningsstruktur, ökad evidens för vården, akademisk kompetens i ledningsfunktioner samt en nationell utbildnings- och kompetensstandard.
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| 23. |
- Janhäll, Sara, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Size resolved traffic emission factors of submicrometer particles
- 2004
-
In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 38:26, s. 4331-4340
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Size resolved emission factors for submicrometer particles related to trace gases have been obtained from measurement data at a suburban road side, with a traffic intensity of 18,000 vehicles per day. Number of particles with diameter 10-368 nm, trace gases (NO, NOx, O-3 and SO2) traffic and meteorology parameters were measured outside of Goteborg, Sweden. Size distributions of small particles at the site are presented and their relation to meteorological and traffic related variables was evaluated. Wind speed correlated negatively with 10-368 nm particles and temperature correlated negatively with the smaller particles (10-60 nm). Nitric oxide was shown to be a better tracer for traffic related ultrafine particles, than traffic intensity itself. The calculated emission factor, with errors at 95% confidence level, for particles in the range 10-368 nm is presented in relation to nitrogen oxides. The emission factors were 268+/-60 and 176+/-37 particles cm(-3) per ppb NO and NOx, respectively. The particle emission factors for 10-100, 10-50, 50-170 and 170-368 nm were 260+/-70, 228+/-52, 41+/-11 and <1 particle cm(-3) per ppb NO, respectively. The size distribution of the emissions is given by number of particles normalised by the width of the size bin, i.e. in units of dNd log Dp(-1) ppb(-1). The maximum normalised emission factor was 450 cm(-3) per ppb NO for 20 nm particles. The shape of the size distribution of emissions revealed one sharp peak at 20 nm, with a small shoulder at 70 nm. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Joffrin, E., et al.
(author)
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Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium-tritium operation with the ITER like-wall
- 2019
-
In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:11
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamela et al 2007 Fusion Eng. Des. 82 590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D-T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D-T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D-T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D-T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D-T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D-T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the three-ions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfven eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems...) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D-T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D-T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Loryan, Irena, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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In-depth neuropharmacokinetic analysis of antipsychotics based on a novel approach to estimate unbound target-site concentration in CNS regions : link to spatial receptor occupancy
- 2016
-
In: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 21:11, s. 1527-1536
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current study provides a novel in-depth assessment of the extent of antipsychotic drugs transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into various brain regions, as well as across the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). This is combined with an estimation of cellular barrier transport and a systematic evaluation of nonspecific brain tissue binding. The study is based on the new Combinatory Mapping Approach (CMA), here further developed for the assessment of unbound drug neuropharmacokinetics in regions of interest (ROI), referred as CMA-ROI. We show that differences exist between regions in both BBB transport and in brain tissue binding. The most dramatic spatial differences in BBB transport were found for the P-glycoprotein substrates risperidone (5.4-fold) and paliperidone (4-fold). A higher level of transporter-mediated protection was observed in the cerebellum compared with other brain regions with a more pronounced efflux for quetiapine, risperidone and paliperidone. The highest BBB penetration was documented in the frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus (haloperidol, olanzapine), indicating potential influx mechanisms. BSCB transport was in general characterized by more efficient efflux compared with the brain regions. Regional tissue binding was significantly different for haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone and quetiapine (maximally 1.9-fold). Spatial differences in local unbound concentrations were found to significantly influence cortical 5-HT2A receptor occupancy for risperidone and olanzapine. In conclusion, the observed regional differences in BBB penetration may potentially be important factors contributing to variations in therapeutic effect and side effect profiles among antipsychotic drugs.
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| 32. |
- Minta, Karolina, et al.
(author)
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Brevican and Neurocan Peptides as Potential Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Differentiation Between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
- 2021
-
In: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 79:2, s. 729-741
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Brevican and neurocan are central nervous system-specific extracellular matrix proteoglycans. They are degraded by extracellular enzymes, such as metalloproteinases. However, their degradation profile is largely unexplored in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).OBJECTIVE: The study aim was to quantify proteolytic peptides derived from brevican and neurocan in human CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) compared with controls.METHODS: The first cohort consisted of 75 individuals including 25 patients with AD, 7 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosed with AD upon follow-up, 10 patients with VaD or MCI diagnosed with VaD upon follow-up, and 33 healthy controls and cognitively stable MCI patients. In the second cohort, 31 individuals were included (5 AD patients, 14 VaD patients and 12 healthy controls). Twenty proteolytic peptides derived from brevican (n = 9) and neurocan (n = 11) were quantified using high-resolution parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry.RESULTS: In the first cohort, the majority of CSF concentrations of brevican and neurocan peptides were significantly decreased inVaDas compared withADpatients (AUC = 0.83.0.93, p≤0.05) and as compared with the control group (AUC = 0.79.0.87, p ≤ 0.05). In the second cohort, CSF concentrations of two brevican peptides (B87, B156) were significantly decreased in VaD compared with AD (AUC = 0.86.0.91, p ≤ 0.05) and to controls (AUC = 0.80.0.82, p ≤ 0.05), while other brevican and neurocan peptides showed a clear trend to be decreased in VaD compared with AD (AUC = 0.64.80, p > 0.05). No peptides differed between AD and controls.CONCLUSION: Brevican and neurocan peptides are potential diagnostic biomarkers for VaD, with ability to separate VaD from AD.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Niklasson, Annika, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Air Pollutant Concentrations and Atmospheric Corrosion of Organ Pipes in European Church Environments
- 2008
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In: Studies in Conservation. - 0039-3630 .- 2047-0584. ; 53:1, s. 24-40
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract: The atmospheric environment inside and outside historical organs in several European regions is reported. In each region, comparisons were made between an instrument suffering organ pipe corrosion and an organ without corrosion problems. Concentrations of acetic acid (ethanoic acid), formic acid (methanoic acid), acetaldehyde (ethanal), formaldehyde (methanal) and other volatile organic compounds in the organ environment were determined using active sampling. Temperature and relative humidity were recorded. In addition, polished metal samples that mimic the material used in the historical organ pipes have been exposed in the organ wind systems for up to 22 months. High concentrations of acetic acid and formic acid vapours are present in the wind system of the corroded organs. Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde are also present in smaller amounts. The main source of acetic acid is the wood from which the wind system is built. In contrast, formic acid is generated in the chruch environment outside the wind system. The results show that the two organic acids play an important role in the atmospheric corrosion of organ pipes. It is suggested that the corrosion of lead pipes in historical organs can be effectively reduced by removing the sources of gaseous acetic acid and formic acid in the wind system and in the chruch environment.
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| 35. |
- Niklasson, Annika, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Atmospheric corrosion of lead - The influence of formic acid and acetic acid vapors
- 2007
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In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; , s. 618-625
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present laboratory study investigates the influence of low concentrations of formic acid vapor and the combination of acetic and formic acid vapors on the atmospheric corrosion of lead. The samples were exposed to synthetic air with careful control of relative humidity (95%), temperature (22.00 degrees C), flow conditions and the concentration of formic acid (160 ppb), acetic acid (170 ppb) and CO2 (350 ppm). Exposure time was one, two and four weeks. Corrosion products were analyzed by gravimetry, ion chromatography, quantitative carbonate analysis, X-ray diffraction and environmental scanning electron microscopy. Cross sections of the corroded surface were prepared by focused ion beam milling. Formic acid vapor is very corrosive toward lead, although somewhat less so than acetic acid. The corrosion products, consisting of plumbonacrite (Pb10O(OH)(6)(CO3)(6)) and lead formate hydroxide [Pb(HCOO)(OH)], are evenly distributed. The combination of acetic and formic acid has a synergistic effect on lead corrosion. The corrosion products found were plumbonacrite and massicot (beta-PbO) together with an unidentified phase. Corrosion attack in the mixed pollutant exposure is more localized compared to the acetic and formic acid exposures, clearly indicating the electrochemical nature of corrosion.
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| 36. |
- Niklasson, Annika, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Influence of acetic acid vapor on the atmospheric corrosion of lead
- 2005
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In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; 152:12, s. B519-B525
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study investigates the influence of low concentrations of acetic acid vapor on the atmospheric corrosion of lead. The samples were exposed to synthetic air with careful control of relative humidity (95%), temperature (22.00 degrees C), acetic acid concentration (170-1100 ppb), CO2 concentration (350 ppm), and flow conditions. The exposure times were between 1 and 4 weeks. Mass gain results are reported. The corrosion products were analyzed by ion chromatography, quantitative carbonate analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology of the exposed samples was investigated with environmental scanning electron microscope. The results show that low concentrations of acetic acid vapor are very corrosive toward lead. The mass gain is linear with time and depends linearly on the acetic acid concentration. It is suggested that the corrosion of lead in the presence of traces of acetic acid vapor is electrochemical in nature. The corrosion products found were plumbonacrite, Pb10O(OH)(6)(CO3)(6), lead acetate oxide hydrate (Pb(CH3COO)(2)center dot 2PbO center dot H2O), and lead oxide, PbO. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society.
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| 37. |
- Nyberg, Lena, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Optical mapping of single DNA molecules in nanochannels: A novel method for identification and characterization of antibiotic resistance
- 2015
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In: 18th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2014. - 9780979806476 ; , s. 1045-1047
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use, and overuse, of antibiotics has during the last decade led to a dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance and there is a crying need for novel methods for fast identification of antibiotic resistance genes. We here demonstrate how our previously developed assay for optical mapping of DNA in nanochannels can be used for characterization of resistance genes located on plasmid DNA from bacteria. The assay requires extremely small sample volumes and does neither rely on PCR, nor culturing of bacteria, which greatly reduces the time for analysis.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Oertel, CM, et al.
(author)
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Acetic Acid Vapor Corrosion of Lead-Tin Alloys Containing 3.4 and 15% Tin
- 2009
-
In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1945-7111 .- 0013-4651. ; 156:12, s. C414-C421
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lead-tin alloy pipes in historic organs frequently suffer from damaging atmospheric corrosion. Organic acids emitted from the wood of organ cases had been established previously as the cause of deterioration in pure lead pipes. In the present study, lead-tin alloy samples containing 3.4 and 15 atom % tin were subjected to laboratory exposure experiments under atmospheres of 1100 ppb acetic acid, 350 ppm CO2, and 60 or 95% relative humidity (RH). Wet and dry corrosion mass gains were monitored, and corrosion product compositions and morphologies were characterized by grazing incidence angle X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Cross sections were cut through corrosion sites using a focused ion beam milling method, and elemental information was obtained using wavelength dispersive and energy dispersive X-ray analyses. The corrosion products and morphologies observed in the alloys are the same as those reported for pure lead, but the corrosion susceptibilities of the alloys show a much stronger dependence on RH. The presence of 3.4 or 15 atom % Sn provides corrosion protection at moderate humidity, but this protective effect breaks down at high humidity. These findings highlight the importance of humidity control as well as pipe material selection in the conservation of historic and newly constructed organs.
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| 41. |
- Oertel, CM, et al.
(author)
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Focused ion beam and electron microscopy analysis of corrosion of lead-tin alloys: Applications to conservation of organ pipes
- 2008
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In: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. - 0272-9172. - 9781558999886 ; 1047, s. 115-125
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Across Europe, lead-tin alloy organ pipes are suffering from atmospheric corrosion. This deterioration can eventually lead to cracks and holes, preventing the pipes from producing sound. Organ pipes are found in compositions ranging from >99% Pb to >99% Sn. For very lead-rich (>99% Pb) pipes, organic acids emitted from the wood of organ cases have previously been identified as significant corrosive agents. In order to study the role of alloy composition in the susceptibility of pipes to organic acid attack, lead-tin alloys containing 1.2-15 at.% Sn were exposed to acetic acid vapors in laboratory exposure studies. Corrosion rates were monitored gravimetrically, and corrosion product phases were identified using grazing incidence angle X-ray diffraction. In a new method, focused-ion beam (FIB) cross sections were cut through corrosion sites, and SEM and WDX were used to obtain detailed information about the morphology and chemical composition of the corrosion layers. The combination of FIB and SEM has made it possible to obtain depth information about these micron-scale layers, providing insight into the influence of acetic acid on alloys in the 1.2-15 at.% Sn range.
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| 42. |
- Olofson, K. Frans G., 1976, et al.
(author)
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Arctic aerosol and clouds studied by bistatic lidar technique
- 2009
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In: Journal of Geophysical Research. - Washington, D.C. : American geophysical union. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 114, s. D18208-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aerosol and cloud studies were carried out with a polarimetric bistatic lidar setup at the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR) in Andenes (69°N, 16E°), Norway. The measurements were performed from 10 to 23 October 2006 and covered altitudes between 1.5 and 11 km, corresponding to scattering angles between 130 and 170°. The degree of linear polarization, PL, calculated from the experiments was compared with light scattering calculations using Lorenz‐Mie theory for spherical particles, the T‐matrix approach for nonspherical rotationally symmetric particles, and a geometric optics ray‐tracing method. Average PL values between 0.61 and 0.72 were obtained for the background aerosol under cloud‐free conditions. The aerosol results may be qualitatively reproduced by standard aerosol types if a suitable combination of coarse‐ and fine‐mode spherical particles is assumed. The PL values obtained for thin and mildly opaque clouds were in the range from 0.21 to 0.38. These results were not well described by spherical particles, and the results for relatively small prolate and oblate particles studied with the T‐matrix method tended to be slightly higher than the experimental values. Geometric optics calculations for hexagonal column ice particles with surface roughness were able to reproduce the experimental cloud data. This does not rule out contributions from other types of particles, and particle orientation effects may also have influenced the results. We conclude that the experimental results are consistent with earlier in situ studies of cirrus clouds, and the further development and application of the bistatic lidar technique is discussed.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Pannee, Josef, 1979, et al.
(author)
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The amyloid-beta degradation pattern in plasma A possible tool for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease
- 2014
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In: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 573, s. 7-12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Amyloid beta (A beta) is the main component of plaques, the central neuropathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A beta is derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretase-mediated cleavages. A large number of A beta peptides are found in cerebrospinal fluid and these peptides are produced in specific metabolic pathways, which are important for diagnosis, in drug development and to explore disease pathogenesis. To investigate whether a similar pattern could be found also in blood samples, an immunoprecipitation (IP) based method for enrichment of A beta peptides from human plasma was developed. The peptides were analyzed using matrix-assisted-laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for A beta profiling and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) for MS quantification of A beta 1-38, A beta 1-40 and A beta 1-42 using tripe quadrupole MS. Sixteen N- or C-terminally truncated A beta peptides were reproducibly detected in human plasma, of which 11 were verified by tandem MS. In a pilot study including 9 AD patients and 10 controls, where A beta 1-38, A beta 1-40 and A beta 1-42 were quantified using SRM, no AD-associated change in plasma levels of the peptides were observed. Using MS-based measurement techniques, we show that several A beta peptides can be monitored in a single analysis and the developed methods have the potential to be used as a read out in clinical trials of drugs affecting APP processing or A beta homeostasis.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Romero Lejonthun, Liza, 1973, et al.
(author)
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Formation of Adsorbed Layers by Deposition of Dinitrogen Pentoxide, Nitric Acid, and Water on Graphite
- 2009
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In: J. Phys. Chem. C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). ; 113, s. 7728-7734
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The formation of adsorbed layers of dinitrogen pentoxide, nitric acid, and water on graphite has been studied by molecular beam and light-scattering techniques. The desorption kinetics of N2O5 on graphite were described by the Arrhenius equation with an activation energy of 0.24 ± 0.03 eV and a pre-exponential factor of 2.3 × 10(10 ± 0.73) s−1, and N2O5 is concluded to bind more strongly than H2O to the graphite surface. Elastic helium scattering and light scattering were used to probe the formation of adlayers on the surface. Adsorption of pure N2O5 resulted in formation of thin adlayers at temperatures below 160 K. In coadsorption experiments N2O5 was concluded to facilitate the formation of thick N2O5−H2O ice layers at 155 K. In a similar way coadsorption of HNO3 and H2O resulted in the formation of thick adlayers at 170 K. N2O5 and HNO3 both bind more strongly than water to the graphite surface and are concluded to facilitate nucleation and growth of ice.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Sundin, Erik, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Solvent-free Industrial Cleaning of Printed Circuit Boards
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of EcoDesign 2009, Sapporo, Japan. - 9784888981927 ; , s. 823-828
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The manufacturing industry today uses different kinds of chemicals in its cleaning processes. The industrial cleaners often contain some sort of degreasing chemical to clean parts and components before for instance sur-face treatment processes. These types of cleaning meth-ods imply expensive and dangerous handling of chemi-cals in the manufacturing process, as well as in the transportation of hazardous waste. Furthermore, the cleaning processes also use a substantial amount of en-ergy for cleaning.The aim of this paper is to explore the potential of how ultra-clean water cleaning can be used in the manufac-turing industry. In order to meet the aim, a case study was conducted at a electronic manufacturer. The data for this research was collected mainly through interviews, but also by industrial study visits.The results from this research show that using solvent-free industrial cleaning with ultra-clean water is benefi-cial from the perspectives of quality, environment and business. The quality improvement is the most important benefit that the electronic manufacturer can see by using solvent-free industrial cleaning for their printed circuit boards.
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| 49. |
- Svensson, Anders, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Home healthcare nurses’ experiences of being on stand by as a first responder in a ‘While Waiting For the Ambulance’ assignment
- 2016
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In: Nordic journal of nursing research. - : Sage Publications. - 2057-1585 .- 2057-1593. ; 36:4, s. 184-191
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study is to describe experiences of the ‘While Waiting for the Ambulance’ (WWFA) assignment, as described by home healthcare nurses (HHCNs). Since the early 1990s, municipal resources in Sweden, preferably firefighters, have been dispatched on WWFA. In order to further assist the local residents on an island in the southwest of Sweden, HHCNs have recently begun accompanying firefighters on WWFA. A reflective lifeworld approach was used for data analysis including in-depth interviews with eight HHCNs. When WWFA was established, the HHCNs experienced lack of clarity in where their responsibilities start and end. A split role is described, and there is a paradox in that the responders are meant to collaborate toward saving lives, when the assignment itself has a lack of collaborative structure. Ethical dilemmas and inner emotional worries led to the nurses expressing a need for support before, during and after WWFA.
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| 50. |
- Svensson, Erik, 1977
(author)
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Experimental studies of ice particle formation with tropospheric relevance
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In their fourth assessment report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change points out the influence of particles suspended in air, known as an aerosol, as the main uncertainty in the understanding of the climate system. Aerosols affect climate in a number of ways. The so-called direct effect is due to scattering and absorption of light passing through the atmosphere. The indirect effects are caused by aerosol-cloud interactions. The formation of clouds requires pre-existing particles for the water vapor to condense onto. The number concentration, size distribution and chemical properties, as well as the atmospheric dynamics, determine the development of a cloud. Clouds reflect incoming solar radiation into space, but also trap heat radiation from the ground. Ice formation in clouds affects their interaction with radiation, their lifetime, and it may induce the formation of precipitation. Cloud droplets can be supercooled to very low temperatures, and droplets of pure water freeze by homogeneous nucleation at temperatures below -33°C. However, droplet freezing can be facilitated by solid particles, a process called heterogeneous freezing. This thesis presents results from laboratory studies of ice formation processes of atmospheric relevance. The overall aim has been to improve the understanding of ice cloud microphysics. An electrodynamic balance was developed and used to study freezing of single levitated droplets in the micrometer size range. Evaporation freezing of oxalic acid solution droplets was investigated at temperatures from 236 to 248 K. Freezing was observed in the whole temperature range, but at the higher temperatures freezing took place after a period of droplet evaporation. The process was explained by the formation of oxalic acid precipitates as the droplets evaporated, which in a subsequent step induced freezing. The potential importance of the process in atmosphere is currently unknown, but it may explain observed freezing in evaporating cloud and further studies should elucidate if the process is a general phenomenon for a large group of compounds. The same setup was also used to study freezing induced by kaolinite particle in collisions with pure water droplets. One or a few collisions were usually sufficient to induce freezing at temperatures from 240 to 268 K, and relative humidity was observed to be important for the freezing efficiency. Aerosol and cloud studies were carried out with a bistatic lidar at the ALOMAR research facility in Andenes, Norway. The degree of linear polarization calculated from the experiments was compared with different types of light scattering calculations. Aerosol results obtained below 3.6 km could only be explained by non-spherical particles. The results obtained for thin clouds could be simulated by ice particles with a certain degree of surface roughness. The bistatic lidar method may provide a useful technique for the development of an improved cirrus cloud climatology and it may be used to validate other techniques. Additional laboratory experiments were carried out to study ice formation on graphite, which was used as a proxy for soot particles in the atmosphere. The presence of dinitrogen pentoxide and nitric acid was concluded to facilitate the growth of thick ice layers and the process was sensitive to temperature and gas deposition rate. The experiments provide an improved molecular level understanding of ice formation, and a starting point for further research on systems of increased complexity.
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