| 1. |
- Durcik, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
New Dual Inhibitors of Bacterial Topoisomerases with Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity and In Vivo Efficacy against Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 66:6, s. 3968-3994
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new series of dual low nanomolar benzothiazole inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV were developed. The resulting compounds show excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and multidrug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus strains [best compound minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs): range, <0.03125–0.25 μg/mL] and against the Gram-negatives Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae (best compound MICs: range, 1–4 μg/mL). Lead compound 7a was identified with favorable solubility and plasma protein binding, good metabolic stability, selectivity for bacterial topoisomerases, and no toxicity issues. The crystal structure of 7a in complex with Pseudomonas aeruginosa GyrB24 revealed its binding mode at the ATP-binding site. Expanded profiling of 7a and 7h showed potent antibacterial activity against over 100 MDR and non-MDR strains of A. baumannii and several other Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Ultimately, in vivo efficacy of 7a in a mouse model of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus thigh infection was also demonstrated.
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| 2. |
-
Blurring the Lines: Market-Driven and Democracy-Driven Freedom of Expression
- 2016
-
Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Blurring the Lines: Market-Driven and Democracy-Driven Freedom of Expression focuses on challenges from the market to free speech and how free speech can be protected, promoted and developed when lines between journalism and advertising are blurred. With contributions from 20 scholars in law, media studies and philosophy, it explores an issue deserving greater attention, market pressures on freedom of expression. The role of commercial constraints on speech, restrictions and control of media content and the responsibility of state institutions in protecting free speech are some of the topics scrutinized from a democratic free speech perspective. (Print and OA) CONTENT: Preface Eva-Maria Svensson, Andrew T. Kenyon, Maria Edström: Introduction: Rethinking Freedom of Expression and Media Freedom. Ulla Carlsson: Opening speech: Freedom of Expression in Transition. A Media Perspective I. FREE SPEECH, THE STATE AND TENSIONS Andrew T. Kenyon:Who, What, Why and How. Questions for Positive Free Speech and Media Systems. Kari Karppinen:Beyond Positive and Negative Conceptions of Free Speech. Hans-Gunnar Axberger: Freedom of Expression as a Public Service. Victor Pickard:Toward a People’s Internet. The Fight for Positive Freedoms in an Age of Corporate Libertarianism. Katharine Sarikakis: Europe’s Many Crises and the Confinement of Democracy-Driven Free Speech. John Morison:The Democratic Dynamics of Government Consultations. Speaking Freely and Listening Properly. II. IN BETWEEN ADVERTISING AND JOURNALISM Justin Lewis: The Commercial Constraints on Speech Limit Democratic Debate. Tamara R. Piety: Killing the Golden Goose. Will Blending Advertising and Editorial Content Diminish the Value of Both? Eva-Maria Svensson: Upholding the Division Between Editorial and Commercial Content in Legislation and Self-Regulation. Fredrik Stiernstedt: Blurring the Boundaries in Practice? Economic, Organisational and Regulatory Barriers Against Native Advertising. Maria Edström: Audience Advertising Fatigue and New Alliances to Finance Content in Broadcasting. Bengt Johansson, Stina Bengtsson: On-Line Life in a Commercialised World. The Commodification of Mediated Social Relations. Crystal Abidin, Mart Ots: Influencers Tell All? Unravelling Authenticity and Credibility in a Brand Scandal. III. RESTRICTIONS AND CONTROL OF MEDIA CONTENT Torbjörn von Krogh: “Self-Regulate, or We Will Regulate Your Content”. Are State Threats of Regulation Threats to Freedom of Speech? Marta Martín-Llaguno: Limiting Market-Driven Freedom of Expression by Regulating Sexist Advertising in Spain. An Evaluation of and Some Shadows from the First Decade. David Brax: Hate Speech and the Distribution of the Costs and Benefits of Freedom of Speech. Magnus Hoem Iversen:Breaking the Ban. The Use of Televised Political Advertising in Norway.
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| 3. |
- Edström, Maria, 1960, et al.
(author)
-
Cultural narratives and representations in Swedish law and media regarding age discrimination
- 2017
-
In: Cultural Narratives, Processes and Strategies in Representations of Age and Aging. Graz, Austria: 27-30 April.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper explores narratives on ageing in age discrimination court cases and how they are represented in media. Sweden is a welfare state, considered good place to grow old, ranked No 3 in Global Agewatch Index 2015. However, Sweden was one of the last countries in EU to adopt legislation against age discrimination. Age has been a ground for discrimination since 2009, and so far very few cases have been brought to action. These cases, together with the media coverage of the cases, and the newspaper reporting on the role of the Discrimination Ombudsman (DO), are the empirical material. The research questions are: -What narratives of age and employment become visible in the texts? -What other factors interacts with age, such as gender, profession and ethnicity? -How does these representations relate to the ongoing challenge to society labour availability for older people and the use/misuse of their human capital and competences? The approach is interdisciplinary and takes its starting point in the capability concept used in the transdisciplinary research platform Centre for Ageing and Health, AgeCap, at the University of Gothenburg. Capability can refer to the individual’s ability to perform actions in order to reach goals he or she has reason to value. Here, in this paper. Focus is on factors on a macro level; application of laws that affect working older people and representations of media of these issues. Together they form narratives of ageing and ageism (i.e. the relation between perceptions of age and discriminatory practices).
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| 4. |
- Edström, Maria, 1960, et al.
(author)
-
Gendered consequences of the commercialisation of freedom of speech
- 2012
-
In: Gardens of Justice, Critical Legal Confernce, Stockholm, 14-16 sept 2012.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Gender stereotypes and sex discriminatory images are commonly used in adver¬tising. They are considered to sell. Advertisement is a large part of the content in media, and what is more, commercial messages are to a great extent blurred with editorial messages. With a strengthening of the legal protection for commercial messages the space for gender stereotypes is consolidated. Focus in this paper is gendered consequences of challenges from the market on freedom of speech in the media. With the expression commercialization of freedom of speech we try to capture a process in which commercial interest to communicate commercially is claimed to be a legitimate interest. Commercial messages are framed as com¬mercial speech, and commercial communication is framed as commercial freedom of speech. By doing so, commercial interests are framed as legitimate interests worth protection by law. Commercial speech has a weaker protection in many constitutions, but during the last years we have seen a growing discussion about giving commercials the same protection as other expressions. With a situation in which commercial messages are considered to be speeches worth protecting by law, and in which commercial interests claim more and more of the space for com¬munication in society, we would like to turn the way we understand and think of communication and space for communication up-side-down out of a citizen and a gender-equal-promoting perspective. The claim for what kind of interests should be legitimate interests to protect as part of the right to freedom of speech, have to be reconsidered.
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| 5. |
- Edström, Maria, 1960, et al.
(author)
-
Intersectionality to the rescue? A cross-national analysis of equal opportunities policies and tools in four national contexts
- 2012
-
In: 8th European Feminist Research Conference, Budapest, 17-20 May 2012.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Despite a common legal framework within EU (and partly also in EFTA) there are differences in national legislation when it comes to gender equality. In Great Britain and Sweden there is no longer separate legislation for equal opportunities. Instead there is a joint Discrimination Act and joint Discrimination Ombudsman encompassing all specifically defined discrimination grounds. In France and Norway there is still a separate legislation, but in Norway there is also a joint Ombudsman. What are the impacts of these different paths for dealing with discrimination in Europe for gender equality? Is gender equality strengthened or the contrary, does a joint discrimination legislation make the discrimination protection and the active measures less efficient? This paper aims to map the development of gender equality in Europe by comparing the different strategies of mainstreaming discrimination in four countries; France, Great Britain, Norway and Sweden. What are the current measures to promote and protect gender equality and how is gender equality related to other grounds for discrimination? Gender mainstreaming as an equality instrument has been encouraged by the UN and EU and since the mid 90-ies. The parallel processes towards joint legislation on discrimination are based on the insight that there are layers of discrimination that demand to be addressed. This is also what feminist theories on intersectionality is emphasising when they argue that different power structures such as age, class and ethnicity interact with gender. Intersectionality could be a way of strengthening gender mainstreaming. But there is also a risk that gender equality is forgotten when other discrimination grounds are focused.
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| 6. |
- Edström, Maria, 1960, et al.
(author)
-
Promoting Gender Equality in Media Content: A Limitation or Extension of Freedom of Expression?
- 2023
-
In: The Handbook on Gender, Communication, and Women's Human Rights, Margaret Gallagher & Aimee Vega Montiel (Eds.). - Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley. - 9781119800682 ; , s. 195-212
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Is promoting gender equality in media content a limitation or an extension of freedom of expression? This question addresses the complicated intertwining of two political values essential in a democratic system. Whereas freedom of expression has long been safeguarded in international and national legal instruments, gender equality was established as a human right more recently. Fulfilling the goal of gender equality in media content through regulation is often perceived as a limitation of freedom of expression by the media industry as well as policymakers. Both self-regulation and regulation through legislation are needed to achieve gender equality in media content when it comes to eliminating gender stereotypes and combating sexist hate speech. Measures to safeguard gender equality in the media should be understood as expanding freedom of expression. It demands a system that goes far beyond protecting the individual right to free speech and the right to freedom from discrimination.
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| 7. |
- Edström, Maria, 1960, et al.
(author)
-
Trust and values for sale. Market-Driven and Democracy-driven Freedom of Expression
- 2016
-
In: In Carlsson, U. (Ed.) Freedom of Expression and Media in Transition. Studies and Reflections in the Digital Age. - Göteborg : Nordicom. - 9789187957222 ; , s. 67-74
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the common search to safeguard freedom of expression, one aspect has been less discussed than others, commercial influences on free speech. The important distinction between journalism and advertising, emphasized in both legislation and self-regulation, is perceived as a necessary condition for trust and legitimacy for media. This trust is being challenged by new types of content, such as native advertising. Values are also at risk, one example is the reluctance towards limiting gender stereotyping in advertising. The changing media landscape and the different positions and arguments can be analysed by using the conceptual distinction between market-driven and democracy-driven freedom of expression.
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| 8. |
-
Gender Equality and Media Regulation Study : Sweden
- 2022
-
Editorial collection (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Freedom of expression and gender equality are core human rights. But women’s voices and perspectives are still missing in most of the news media all over the world, The 6th Global Media Monitoring project indicate that women make up only 25 percent of the news subjects and sources. Could regulation and/or self- regulation of the media be part of the problem - or part of the solution - to increase gender balance in the media?This mapping project, initiated by Fojo Media Institute in collaboration with Gothenburg University’s Department of Journalism, Media & Communication (JMG) and other partners1 is one in a set of country case studies conducted to understand how gender equality and women’s freedom of expression are integrated in media regulation, self-regulation and within media inhouse policies.The foundation for this work is The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action for the Advancement of women (BPfA) adopted at the Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women (1995) that called on governments and other actors to “increase the participation and access of women to expression and decision making in and through the media and new technologies of communication”, (Strategic objective J.1.) and “promote a balanced and non- stereotyped portrayal of women in the media” (Strategic objective J.2.).Similar to provisions in other policy instruments prior to and following the BPfA’s adoption, area J intimated at possible tensions between guaranteeing (women’s) freedom of expression on the one hand and media independence on the other hand. Freedom of expression and media freedom, however, are not mutually exclusive. Both are necessary for democracy and protected in international standards. Only in a society where there is a plurality of voices that participate in an accessible and dynamic public sphere is there room for the development and improvement of democracy.The case studies were implemented in some of the countries where Fojo is active, namely Armenia, Bangladesh, Rwanda, Somalia, Sweden and Zimbabwe. The case studies accompany a broader global study of gender in media law and policy at international, regional and country levels spanning more than 100 nations.The national studies are based on a pre-formulated framework of questions and tables that then was adapted for the individual country. The inclusion of Sweden as a case was due to both the fact that Fojo Media Institute is based in Sweden and that Sweden has a high standard of living that includes a strong infrastructure both regarding gender equality and freedom of expression. (Due to time restrictions, the Swedish report is quite brief).Ultimately, the global study and the individual country studies presented within the framework of Fojo Media Institute and its partners, seek to guide media development bodies and other stakeholders in their work to promote gender equality in and through the media with full respect for other human rights involved, particularly the right to freedom of expression and freedom of information.Kersti ForsbergDirector, Fojo Media Institute
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| 9. |
- Kenyon, Andrew, et al.
(author)
-
Building and Sustaining Freedom of Expression, Considering Sweden
- 2017
-
In: Nordicom Review 2017:1. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1403-1108. ; 38:1, s. 31-45
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although countries protect and promote freedom of expression in different ways, free speech can be understood to have two basic aspects in democratic constitutional systems: non-censorship and diversity of voices. This article examines how the approach to free speech in Sweden contains both these aspects. Selected comparisons with the US First Amendment, and German broadcasting law, indicate the value in the Swedish approach but also reveal challenges that it faces if free speech’s dual aspects are not clearly recognised – a danger that some contemporary statements suggests is real. Articulating free speech in terms of both non-censorship and diversity may aid Swedish parliamentary processes to uphold important structural aspects of the freedom, but it would also bring into focus larger questions about the limits of parliamentary processes alone in building a viable system of freedom of expression for the future.
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| 10. |
- Kenyon, Andrew, et al.
(author)
-
Building Systems for Freedom of Expression in a Digital Era: Considering Sweden
- 2015
-
In: Nordmedia Mobile presence-Mobile Modernities.13-15 Aaug. Copenhagen.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- By combining law and media studies this paper considers the challenges posed to freedom of expression in a changing media landscape. When media business models are in a crisis, the regulatory framework is also put under pressure. Policies, legislation and self-regulation have all been developed in accordance with business models based on a division between editorial and commercial content. This division is important for press legitimacy, which relies on independence not only from the state but also from commercial interests. We focus on how to build sustainable democratic regulatory frameworks for the media and consider different roles for the state as non-intervening or active. The goal is a system with a high degree of media independence guaranteeing freedom of expression as a right for individuals and as a common good. Two diverging ideas are relevant here, which in an international context are often framed as negative vs. positive freedom of expression. The negative view is that the state should intervene as little as possible; this view advocates a limitation on government action that restricts speech. The positive view is that the state should do more and be active in supporting freedom of expression; merely not restricting speech is insufficient to create the conditions for the media’s democratic role. Future challenges include how to maintain the division between editorial and commercial content, and who should take responsibility for maintaining the division, the state or the market.
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| 11. |
- Kenyon, Andrew T., et al.
(author)
-
Selling short media accountability? The importance of addressing market-driven claims on media freedom
- 2019
-
In: Media Accountability in the Era of Post-Truth Politics European Challenges and Perspectives, 1st Edition. - London; New York: Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in European communication research and education; 14 : Routledge. - 9780815361671 ; , s. 119-134
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Media accountability is an important building block in the democratic rationale for free speech. The value of media accountability for free speech is two-fold. The most addressed value in the media studies literature concerns media’s ability to be accountable in relation to their stakeholders (von Krogh 2012, Fengler et al. 2014, Bardoel & D´Haenens 2004, Bertrand 2000, McQuail 1997). Another value is media’s obligation to seek to hold the powerful to account (e.g. Kenyon et al. forthcoming 2016). The former relates to the trustworthy-ness of the media; the latter invokes perhaps more directly the democratic function of journalism. This paper explores the idea that these two aspects of media accountability should be addressed together, using the example of advertising and editorial content in contemporary media. This broader approach to media accountability clearly involves both self-regulation and legislation—and not self-regulation as merely an alternative to legislation or a method of avoiding legislation. The two techniques operate on somewhat distinct areas, and together they aim to support the values of media accountability for a democratic and free media.
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| 12. |
- Lindstrand, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Genome sequencing is a sensitive first-line test to diagnose individuals with intellectual disability
- 2022
-
In: Genetics in Medicine. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1098-3600 .- 1530-0366. ; 24:11, s. 2296-2307
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and/or neurodevelopment disorders (NDDs) are currently investigated with several different approaches in clinical genetic diagnostics. Methods: We compared the results from 3 diagnostic pipelines in patients with ID/NDD: genome sequencing (GS) first (N = 100), GS as a secondary test (N = 129), or chromosomal microarray (CMA) with or without FMR1 analysis (N = 421). Results: The diagnostic yield was 35% (GS -first), 26% (GS as a secondary test), and 11% (CMA/FMR1). Notably, the age of diagnosis was delayed by 1 year when GS was performed as a secondary test and the cost per diagnosed individual was 36% lower with GS first than with CMA/FMR1. Furthermore, 91% of those with a negative result after CMA/FMR1 analysis (338 individuals) have not yet been referred for additional genetic testing and remain undiagnosed. Conclusion: Our findings strongly suggest that genome analysis outperforms other testing strategies and should replace traditional CMA and FMR1 analysis as a first-line genetic test in individuals with ID/NDD. GS is a sensitive, time-and cost-effective method that results in a confirmed molecular diagnosis in 35% of all referred patients. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 13. |
- Melin, Eva O., et al.
(author)
-
Gender, alexithymia and physical inactivity associated with abdominal obesity in type1 diabetes mellitus : a cross sectional study at a secondary care hospital diabetes clinic
- 2017
-
In: BMC Obesity. - : Springer. - 2052-9538. ; 4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Obesity is linked to cardiovascular diseases and increasingly common in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) since the introduction of intensified insulin therapy. Our main aim was to explore associations between obesity and depression, anxiety, alexithymia and self-image measures and to control for lifestyle variables in a sample of persons with T1DM. Secondary aims were to explore associations between abdominal and general obesity and cardiovascular complications in T1DM.Methods: Cross sectional study of 284 persons with T1DM (age 18–59 years, men 56%), consecutively recruited from one secondary care hospital diabetes clinic in Sweden. Assessments were performed with self-report instruments (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 items and Structural Analysis of Social Behavior). Anthropometrics and blood samples were collected for this study and supplemented with data from the patients ’ medical records. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference men/women (meters): ≥ 1.02/≥0.88, and general obesity as BMI ≥30 kg/m2 for both genders. Abdominal obesity was chosen in the analyses due to the high association with cardiovascular complications. Different explanatory logistic regression models were elaborated for the associations and calibrated and validated for goodness of fit with the data variables.Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 49/284 (17%), men/women: 8%/29% (P < 0.001). Abdominal obesity was associated with women (AOR 4.9), physical inactivity (AOR 3.1), alexithymia (AOR 2.6) and age (per year) (AOR 1.04). One of the three alexithymia sub factors, “difficulty identifying feelings” (AOR 3.1), was associated with abdominal obesity. Gender analyses showed that abdominal obesity in men was associated with “difficulty identifying feelings ” (AOR 7.7), and in women with use of antidepressants (AOR 4.3) and physical inactivity (AOR 3.6). Cardiovascular complications were associated with abdominal obesity (AOR 5.2).Conclusions: Alexithymia, particularly the alexithymia subfactor “difficulty identifying feelings”, physical inactivity, and women, as well as cardiovascular complications were associated with abdominal obesity. As abdominal obesity is detrimental in diabetes due to its association with cardiovascular complications, our results suggest two risk factor treatment targets: increased emotional awareness and increased physical activity.
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| 14. |
- Nilsson, Eva, 1963-
(author)
-
Barn i rättens gränsland. : Om barnperspektiv vid prövning om uppehållstillstånd.
- 2007
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this study is to highlight problems regarding the status of children in determining the granting of residence permits. Central to the study are the rules contained in the Swedish Aliens Act (2005:716) about hearing children in the course of proceedings and the child’s best interests. The rules are based on Articles 3 and 12 respectively, in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). They were introduced into the Swedish legislation in 1997, after an intense debate questioning whether Sweden was meeting its obligations under the Convention. The application in aliens matters has, however, continued to be criticized after the revision of 1997, especially in matters concerning children. In 2006 a new Aliens Act came into force, involving a shift in the handling of such matters from administrative authorities and the Government to a system where appeals are tried in administrative courts. The legislation also involves comprehensive changes concerning the material legislation. The question has been raised, however, as to whether these changes have had any vital impact concerning the general construction of the material regulation. The apparent gap between the legislator’s intentions and the application of the law raises questions about the limitations of law and how the spirit and intentions of the CRC have been implemented in the Aliens Act, and, in view of this, the limits of law. The study involves an analysis of the fundamental premises that the legislation and application rest on, the general provisions of the proceedings and the technical formulation and also the material content of these rules. There is also an analysis of the impact and function of the legislation in practical applications. The conclusion is that the legislation allows extensive scope for assessing the circumstances in each case. This is the case, particularly in matters concerning children. Nevertheless, in practical applications, children often become irrelevant; children are simply not the real focus of the laws that affect them. Key words: Children’s rights, residence permit, asylum, immigration, equality, feminist perspectives. Eva Nilsson, Juridiska institutionen, Umeå universitet, 901 87 Umeå.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Schömer, Eva, et al.
(author)
-
Osynliggörande av multipel diskriminering i den svenska diskrimineringslagstiftningen
- 2012
-
In: På vei. Kjønn og rett i Norden. - 9789170611049 ; , s. 115-144
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- I artikeln belyses den samlade svenska diskrimineringslagen (2009) från ett perspektiv av intersektionalitet. Genom en analys av ett antal mål från den svenska arbetsdomstolen där minst två diskrimineringsgrunder har varit aktuella, visar författare att det det både brister hos arbetsdomstolen när det gäller att förstå individers utsatthet när det gäller multipel diskriminering och lagen som sådan, eftersom den saknar instrument för att bedöma och hantera liknande tvister. Författaren avslutar artikeln med att förorda ett nytt perspektiv på rättvisa: kompensatorisk (kommutativ) global rättvisa.
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| 17. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Cultural narratives and representations in Swedish law and media regarding age discrimination, paper presentation at: Performances, Processes and Representations of Age and Ageing Joint Workshop: AgeCap & Aging Graz Research Group, Graz, October 17-19, 2018
- 2018
-
In: Performances, Processes and Representations of Age and Ageing Joint Workshop: AgeCap & Aging Graz Research Group, Graz, October 17-19, 2018.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The paper is a further elaboration from a paper presented at the 3rd ENAS Conference, 1st Joint ENAS & NANAS Conference, 9th International Symposium on Cultural Gerontology; Cultural Narratives, Processes and Strategies in Representations of Age and Aging at the University of Graz, Austria, April 27-30, 2017. It explores narratives on ageing in age discrimination court cases. Sweden is a welfare state, considered good place to grow old, ranked No 3 in Global Agewatch Index 2015. However, Sweden was one of the last countries in EU to adopt legislation against age discrimination. Age has been a ground for discrimination since 2009, and so far very few cases have been brought to action. These cases, together with the media coverage of the cases, and the newspaper reporting on the role of the Discrimination Ombudsman (DO), are the empirical material. The research questions are: -What narratives of age and employment become visible in the texts? -What other factors interacts with age, such as gender, profession and ethnicity? -How does these representations relate to the ongoing challenge to society labour availability for older people and the use/misuse of their human capital and competences? The approach is interdisciplinary and takes its starting point in the capability concept used in the transdisciplinary research platform Centre for Ageing and Health, AgeCap, at the University of Gothenburg. Capability can refer to the individual’s ability to perform actions in order to reach goals he or she has reason to value. Here, in this paper. Focus is on factors on a macro level; application of laws that affect working older people and representations of media of these issues. Together they form narratives of ageing and ageism (i.e. the relation between perceptions of age and discriminatory practices).
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| 18. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Freedom of expression vs. Gender equality – conflicting values when regulating gender stereotypes in advertising
- 2014
-
In: Tidsskrift for Rettsvitenskap. - 0040-7143. ; 127:5/2014, s. 479-511
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The persistence of negative gender stereotypes, even in more gender-equal and progressive Scandinavian countries, has been pointed out as an obstacle to the achievement of gender equality. Gender equality is a fundamental condition for the full enjoyment of human rights by women and men, and the promotion of gender equality is a worldwide obligation. According to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), gender stereotypes are considered a form of discrimination against women that States parties must take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to modify. This article focuses on legal and political measures undertaken (or not undertaken) by States parties on gender stereotypes in advertisements. So far, many States parties have been reluctant to legislate against gender stereotypes in advertising, referring to freedom of expression as an obstacle. Instead they prefer self-regulation, even though such efforts may be questioned in terms of efficiency. Sweden is used as the case, of specific relevance due to its explicit commitment to both freedom of expression and gender equality.
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| 19. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Introduction: Rethinking Freedom of Expression and Media Freedom
- 2016
-
In: Blurring the Lines, Market-Driven and Democracy-Driven Freedom of Expression - Maria Edström, Andrew T. Kenyon & Eva-Maria Svensson (eds.). - Göteborg : Nordicom. - 9789187957369 ; , s. 9-18
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- FROM THE INTRODUCTION: Freedom of expression is an essential part of democracy, and free speech goes hand in hand with a free media. Thomas Jefferson, the principal author of the American Declaration of Independence, wrote in 1816: “Where the press is free and every man able to read, all is safe” (Jefferson 1816/1900). And as emphasized in the UK’s Leveson report earlier this decade, “With these rights, however, come responsibilities to the public interest: to respect the truth, to obey the law and to uphold the rights and liberties of individuals. In short, to honour the very principles proclaimed and articulated by the industry itself ” (Leveson 2012:4). Although the principle of free speech could be said to remain largely the same over time, the conditions for free speech and free media do not; they are certainly not the same as when Jefferson made his statement. Today the conditions are more democratic overall and the level of state censorship is lower (at least in parts of the world), concerns about state surveillance notwithstanding. However, the market pressure on media financing models and market-driven ideas that suggest the state should not ‘interfere’ in the media ecology makes journalism more vulnerable and less independent from commercial interests. It is these changing conditions of state and market that this book explores. We seek to make it at least a little more difficult to discuss free speech without addressing such contemporary conditions. //From a Nordic perspective, the theme is highly topical because it coincides with the 250 th anniversary of the world’s oldest constitutional protection for a free press and free speech, the Swedish Press Act of 1766, passed 50 years before Jefferson made his statement, quoted above.The overall aim of this book is to focus on challenges from the market to free speech and how free speech can be protected, promoted and developed in a time when the lines between journalism and advertising are blurred. Its scope covers both structural and individual levels. It analyses tensions between what can be called democracy-driven and market-driven freedom of expression ...
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| 20. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Market-Driven Challenges for the Press: Freedom of Speech and the Interaction between the State, Citizens and the Fourth Estate in a Digital Era.
- 2014
-
In: World Congress of Constitutional Law 2014 Constitutional Challenges: Global and Local, 16-20 June 2014, Oslo, Workshop 8: The Citizen and the State in the Digital Age.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- One of the pre-conditions for the Press to perform its controlling function in the democracy is independency. In most business models of the press, advertising has been a major income source, together with a large share of household subscriptions. In this situation, it has been and is still crucial to uphold a distinction between journalism and commercial communication. In the Nordic countries there are substantial state subsidies for the press in order to safeguard diversity of opinions through the press as a democratic values in society. With the expansion of digital communication advertisers have turned from investments in traditional publishing media to arenas monitored by new actors such as Google and Facebook. One consequence of this development is that the press is loosing one of its major economic sources, journalists are given notice and the newsrooms are shrinking. This in turn leads to that the scrutinizing ability of the press is diminished and in a long-term perspective the press risk to loose its legitimacy and credibility. At the same time the new actors do not have the same explicit democratic mission in terms of the common good and the controlling function that the press has. Out of a citizen’s perspective the digital platforms often serve as an open access arena for discussions where anyone can publish their own stories and news. Every citizen has the potential to become a “journalist”, part of what is commonly known as citizen journalism. On the other hand, the resource demanding investigating journalism and holding someone accountable is hardly to be expected by individuals without resources to scrutinize the power structures in society. What is more, much of the communication is monitored or used by commercial actors. The democratic risks of the transition of the business models for the press are yet to be seen. A crucial question is whether the division between market and journalism can be sustained.
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| 21. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Market-Driven Challenges to Freedom of Expression and the Interaction Between the State, the Market, and the Media
- 2016
-
In: Nordicom Review. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1403-1108 .- 2001-5119. ; 37 (2016):2, s. 1-16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The controlling function of the media is essential for freedom of expression in a democratic society. One of the pre-conditions of this controlling function is independence in relation not only to the state but also in relation to commercial interests. It is the latter relationship that is the focus of this article. Recent changes in the media landscape have put pressure on the independence of the media. Commercial interests seem to gain more influence on media content. The distinction between journalism and advertising has become less clear and it is not always maintained despite both legislation and self-regulation that dictate such a division. The aim of this article is to analyse the consequences of the changes in the media land - scape and the challenges posed to the infrastructure for freedom of expression in Sweden, including legislation and self-regulation. The analysis is made with the help of the analytical distinction between market-driven and democracy-driven freedom of expression.
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| 22. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Marknadsdriven yttrandefrihet
- 2015
-
In: Bokmässan 2015, 25 september 2015.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Är det fria ordet hotat av jakten på finansiering av medierna? Om olika, ibland motstridiga, anspråk på yttrandefriheten. - See more at: http://www.bokmassan.se/sv/program/arets-program/?eventid=12258#sthash.yK6AT1LM.dpuf
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| 23. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Mobilisation, problem representation and silencing – paradoxes in Swedish policy around stereotypes, gender equality and free speech
- 2016
-
In: Critical Legal Conference (CLC) 2016, Stream: Feminist turning points.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Gender equality and freedom of expression are two core values. The purpose of this paper is to analyse policy processes in Sweden when the values are in conflict, and why freedom of expression tend to weigh heavier than gender equality. The starting-point is the ratification and the implementation of CEDAW in Sweden, where the core values are explicitly branded as hallmarks, with a focus on policy processes around article 5a, concerning the elimination of gender stereotypes. The issue is of specific interest in Sweden when it comes to legislation against sex and gender discriminatory advertising, a topic of concern for the women’s movement since the 1970s. Despite repeated government inquiries proposing legislation against this type of advertising, the perception of the impossibility to legislate due to it being a threat against freedom of expression is still persistent. The policy processes (including legislative processes) are analysed with help of theories on policy processes, and the concepts mobilisation, problem representation and silencing (Bacchi). Which actors have been active in the implementation of CEDAW’s article 5a? How has article 5a been framed? Which aspects of the article have been debated and which have been silenced? We have earlier stated that the core values are understood as colliding and freedom of expression is considered the most important (Svensson & Edström 2014). In this paper we address why Sweden has this position, a country known for its governance feminism. We see mainly two explanations, the long Swedish tradition of freedom of expression compared to the more recent tradition of gender equality, in combination with an increasing importance and emphasis on the value of the freedom to conduct a business, the core value and a fundamental right of the market economy. With the help of Wendy Brown’s theory the latter explanation will be explored.
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| 24. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Mobilisering och undanskjutande – Paradoxen i svensk politik kring stereotyper, jämställdhet och yttrandefrihet
- 2016
-
In: G16, Gränser, mobilitet och mobilisering Norrköping 23-25 nov 2016..
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Jämställdhet och yttrandefrihet är två kärnvärden i den svenska demokratin. Syftet med detta paper är att problematisera och förklara ’mobilisering’ och ’undanskjutande’ i policyprocesser, när jämställdhet och yttrandefrihet kommer i konflikt med varandra. Utgångspunkten är Sveriges anslutning till CEDAW (1979) och hur denna konvention har implementerats, särskilt granskas processer kring artikel 5a. Denna artikel handlar om att eliminera könsstereotyper eller som det står i den svenska översättningen ”ändra mäns och kvinnors sociala och kulturella beteendemönster för att därmed avskaffa fördomar samt seder och bruk som grundar sig på föreställningen om det ena könets underlägsenhet eller på stelnade roller för män och kvinnor”. Uttolkningen av denna artikel förstärks i Pekingplattformen (1995 Section J). I Sverige har denna artikel aktualitet särskilt när det gäller frågan om lagstiftning mot könsdiskriminerande reklam, där kvinnorörelsen varit pådrivande sedan 1970-talet. Trots upprepade utredningar betraktas eventuell lagstiftning fortfarande som ett hot mot yttrandefriheten. Värt att notera är att övriga nordiska länder (samt exempelvis Spanien) gör en annan tolkning och på olika sätt har reglerat könsdiskriminerande reklam i lag. Processerna på politisk nivå och som rättslig fråga kommer att analyseras med begreppsparet mobilisering – undanskjutande med hjälp av Carol Bacchi och andra teorier om policyprocesser. Vilka aktörer har varit aktiva i implementeringen? Hur har artikel 5a ramats in eller skjutits undan? Vilka aspekter av artikeln har lyfts till debatt? Vi har tidigare visat att kärnvärdena jämställdhet och yttrandefrihet står emot varandra på medieområdet och att yttrandefrihet ofta får väga tyngre än jämställdhet. Här är fokus på frågan varför det är så i Sverige. Vi ser att det finns huvudsakligen två förklaringar, yttrandefrihetens historiska betydelse för den svenska demokratin medan jämställdhet är ett senare värde, i kombination med en allt starkare betoning av näringsfrihetens värde. Med hjälp av teoretiker som Wendy Brown kommer vi att analysera den senare förklaringen.
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| 25. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Political and legal attitudes toward gender images in media
- 2014
-
In: NORA conference: Voices in Nordic Gender Research, 5-7 Nov 2014, Roskilde, Stream: The power of gender imaginaries.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Women and men are often portrayed stereotypically in media, despite explicit political and legal ambitions to promote non stereotype images. Imaginaries of gender are considered to have great impact on both individual and structural levels. Gender stereotypes in advertising is a highly topical issue. In 2015, the twentieth anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women and the adoption of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action will be celebrated. All State parties are called upon to undertake comprehensive national-level reviews of the progress made and challenges encountered in the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action.1 One of the critical areas of concern pointed out in the Declaration and Platform was Women and the media (area J). One of two strategic objectives in this area was to promote balanced and non-stereotyped portrayal of women in the media (J.2.). The focus of this paper is on a specific section of media where stereotyped portrayals of women and men are common, namely adverts. Adverts are not only something exposed in media, but is also an important income source for media. The mutual dependency between media and advertisement forms the context for this paper, focusing on stereotypes in adverts and the political and legal measures undertaken by the Nordic countries. Whereas Sweden has been reluctant to legislate in this matter, the other countries have done so. The main reason for Sweden’s hesitation is the perception that a law against gender stereotypes in adverts is in conflict with freedom of speech. With the notions market-driven and democracy-driven freedom of expression, respectively, and by developing and expanding a theoretical framework on normative patterns to encompass gender (in)equality as a noramtive pattern, two conflicting and contradictory interests are analysed. 2 Gender stereotypes in adverts highlight the political and legal tension between freedom of expression and gender equality. First, restrictions of commercial communication are considered to be in conflict with freedom of expression. Second, gender stereotypes in adverts are considered to be in conflict with the value of gender equality.
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| 26. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Representations of age discrimination in law and media
- 2019
-
In: IAGG-ER Conference 2019.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objectives: This paper explores representations of ageing in age discrimination court cases and how they are represented in media. These cases, together with the media coverage of the cases, and the newspaper reporting on the role of the Discrimination Ombudsman (DO), are the empirical material. The research questions are What narratives of age and employment become visible in the texts? What other factors interacts with age, such as gender, profession and ethnicity? How does these representations relate to the ongoing challenge to society labour availability for older people and the use/misuse of their human capital and competences? In 2019, ten years have passed since age became one of the protected discrimination grounds in the Swedish Discrimination Act. The Swedish welfare state is considered to be a good place to grow old within, ranked as number three in the Global Agewatch Index 2015. At the same time, Sweden was one of the last countries in EU to explicitly include age discrimination in legislation. Since 2009, reports of presumed age discrimination have been filed at the Discrimination Ombudsman. Even though the amount of reports has been around two hundred every year, very few cases have been brought to action within the legal system. Theories and methods: The approach is interdisciplinary and takes its starting point in Sen and Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach. Capability refer to the individual’s ability to perform actions in order to reach goals he or she has reason to value. Here, in this paper focus is on factors on the macro level; application of laws that affects working older people and representations of media of these issues. Together they form narratives of ageing and age discrimination. Results: The interest for age discrimination in media has, during the same period of time, been quite weak. The number of articles is low both specifically on these cases as well as on age discrimination in general. Conclusion: Representations of age in law and media may preserve ageism, by not being reflective and critical.
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| 27. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Selling short media accountability? The importance of addressing market-driven claims on media freedom
- 2016
-
In: ECREA Pre-conference: Media Accountability at the Crossroads: European Challenges and Perspectives at the University of New York in Prague (Czech Republic), 8th November 2016.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Media accountability is an important building block in the democratic rationale for free speech. The value of media accountability for free speech is two-fold. The most addressed value in the media studies literature concerns media’s ability to be accountable in relation to their stakeholders (von Krogh 2012, Fengler et al. 2014, Bardoel & D´Haenens 2004, Bertrand 2000, McQuail 1997). Another value is media’s obligation to seek to hold the powerful to account (e.g. Kenyon et al. forthcoming 2016). The former relates to the trustworthy-ness of the media; the latter invokes perhaps more directly the democratic function of journalism. This paper explores the idea that these two aspects of media accountability should be addressed together, using the example of advertising and editorial content in contemporary media. This broader approach to media accountability clearly involves both self-regulation and legislation—and not self-regulation as merely an alternative to legislation or a method of avoiding legislation. The two techniques operate on somewhat distinct areas, and together they aim to support the values of media accountability in a democratic society. Increased market pressures mean an area worthy of further examination when addressing media accountability is the relationship between journalism and advertising. We have previously defined this challenge as a tension between market-driven and democracy-driven freedom of expression (Edström & Svensson 2016). The distinction signifies two ideal types of rationalities and assumptions.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Trovärdighet till salu?
- 2016
-
In: MEG - Mediedagarna 2016. 7-8 april 2016, Göteborg..
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vad händer när man inte längre kan se skillnad på journalistik och reklam? Är partnerstudios och native advertising vägen till svarta siffror eller undergräver det trovärdigheten? I såväl lagstiftning som självreglering förutsätts att skillnaden mellan journalistik och reklam är tydlig, men i praktiken ser det inte alltid så ut. I ett panelsamtal diskuteras olika konsekvenser av ett förändrat medielandskap. Medverkande: Elisabeth Trotzig/Reklamombudsman, Jonas Nordling/ Journalistförbundets ordförande, Maria Edström/lektor, JMG, GU, Eva-Maria Svensson/professor i rättsvetenskap, Juridiska institutionen, GU.
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| 30. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Trovärdighet till salu?
- 2016
-
In: Bokmässan 2016.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vad händer med mediernas trovärdighet när man inte längre kan se skillnad på journalistik och reklam? Hur efterlevs lagar och självreglering?
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| 31. |
- Svensson, Eva-Maria, 1958, et al.
(author)
-
Yttrandefrihet för den som betalar?
- 2015
-
In: Almedalen, Västsvenska arenan, Göteborgs universitet, 29 juni 2015.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Native advertising, advertorials och partnermedia, många nya format är under utveckling. -Vad händer med trovärdigheten för journalistiken när blandformer av redaktionellt och kommersiellt innehåll utvecklas som ett svar på i jakten på finansiering av medier? Går vi mot en framtid där endast den som betalar för ett innehåll får det publicerat? Vad händer då med journalistikens roll i demokratin? Och hur stämmer detta med grundlagens värnande av det fria ordet och med självreglerande system för att värna en fri debatt? Kommersiella meddelandens rättsliga status som skyddsvärda yttranden är omdebatterad. Krav på ett utökat skydd för dessa har delvis tillgodosetts i flera rättsordningar runt om i världen. Är det rätt väg att gå? Hur agerar de självreglerade organen PO och RO? Vilken betydelse har det senaste årets fällningar fått? Forskningsprojektet Marknadsdriven och demokratidriven yttrandefrihet bjuder in till ett samtal om olika, ibland motstridiga, anspråk på yttrandefriheten
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| 32. |
- Svensson, Pierre, et al.
(author)
-
Las viktig i kampen mot sextrakasserier
- 2018
-
In: Göteborgs-Posten, 2018-04-06.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Var tredje kvinna har utsatts för sexuella trakasserier på jobbet och många lämnar sin anställning. Därför är det allvarligt att lagen om anställningsskydd nu ifrågasätts från flera håll. Ett försvagat anställningsskydd skulle vara förödande i arbetet mot sexuella trakasserier på arbetsplatsen, skriver Pierre Svensson och Camilla Lundgren från Unionen, tillsammans med Eva-Maria Svensson och Ninni Carlsson från Göteborgs universitet
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Aevarsson, Arnthór, et al.
(author)
-
Going to extremes - a metagenomic journey into the dark matter of life
- 2021
-
In: FEMS Microbiology Letters. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1574-6968. ; 368:12
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Virus-X-Viral Metagenomics for Innovation Value-project was a scientific expedition to explore and exploit uncharted territory of genetic diversity in extreme natural environments such as geothermal hot springs and deep-sea ocean ecosystems. Specifically, the project was set to analyse and exploit viral metagenomes with the ultimate goal of developing new gene products with high innovation value for applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutical, medical, and the life science sectors. Viral gene pool analysis is also essential to obtain fundamental insight into ecosystem dynamics and to investigate how viruses influence the evolution of microbes and multicellular organisms. The Virus-X Consortium, established in 2016, included experts from eight European countries. The unique approach based on high throughput bioinformatics technologies combined with structural and functional studies resulted in the development of a biodiscovery pipeline of significant capacity and scale. The activities within the Virus-X consortium cover the entire range from bioprospecting and methods development in bioinformatics to protein production and characterisation, with the final goal of translating our results into new products for the bioeconomy. The significant impact the consortium made in all of these areas was possible due to the successful cooperation between expert teams that worked together to solve a complex scientific problem using state-of-the-art technologies as well as developing novel tools to explore the virosphere, widely considered as the last great frontier of life.
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| 35. |
- Ahlqvist, Josefin, et al.
(author)
-
Crystal structure of DNA polymerase I from Thermus phage G20c
- 2022
-
In: Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology. - 2059-7983. ; 78:Pt 11, s. 1384-1398
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study describes the structure of DNA polymerase I from Thermus phage G20c, termed PolI_G20c. This is the first structure of a DNA polymerase originating from a group of related thermophilic bacteriophages infecting Thermus thermophilus, including phages G20c, TSP4, P74-26, P23-45 and phiFA and the novel phage Tth15-6. Sequence and structural analysis of PolI_G20c revealed a 3'-5' exonuclease domain and a DNA polymerase domain, and activity screening confirmed that both domains were functional. No functional 5'-3' exonuclease domain was present. Structural analysis also revealed a novel specific structure motif, here termed SβαR, that was not previously identified in any polymerase belonging to the DNA polymerases I (or the DNA polymerase A family). The SβαR motif did not show any homology to the sequences or structures of known DNA polymerases. The exception was the sequence conservation of the residues in this motif in putative DNA polymerases encoded in the genomes of a group of thermophilic phages related to Thermus phage G20c. The structure of PolI_G20c was determined with the aid of another structure that was determined in parallel and was used as a model for molecular replacement. This other structure was of a 3'-5' exonuclease termed ExnV1. The cloned and expressed gene encoding ExnV1 was isolated from a thermophilic virus metagenome that was collected from several hot springs in Iceland. The structure of ExnV1, which contains the novel SβαR motif, was first determined to 2.19 Å resolution. With these data at hand, the structure of PolI_G20c was determined to 2.97 Å resolution. The structures of PolI_G20c and ExnV1 are most similar to those of the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I (PDB entry 2kzz) from Escherichia coli, DNA polymerase I from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (PDB entry 1knc) and Taq polymerase (PDB entry 1bgx) from Thermus aquaticus.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Björling, Erik, et al.
(author)
-
The Role of Legal Theory in Legal Education: A Reflection on Professional and Scholarly Ideals in Nordic Legal Education
- 2021
-
In: Nordic Journal on Law and Society. - : Umea University Library. - 2002-7788. ; 4:3, s. 1-31
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The article addresses the role of legal theory in legal education. Today, a multitude of perspectives is present within legal theory and, as a subject, it is not as distinct as it is sometimes claimed to be. It is evident when considering syllabuses in the Nordic countries that nearly all LLM programmes have ambitions to teach legal theory as embracing a multitude of theoretical and methodological perspectives. This multitude of perspectives promises adaptable content for the subject of legal theory in various legal contexts, and could facilitate a reflection on how knowledge is acquired and why. The challenge addressed in the article is the presence of explicit or implicit ideas from the subject of legal theory as comprising a coherent “legal method” and a specific list of accepted theories. The persistence of such ideas is scrutinised in this article with help of the concepts of “professional knowledge” and “scholarly knowledge”. In order to navigate the complex field of legal theories, students need meta-reflective skills, which means the ability to reflect upon the underlying complexity and multitude of the subject. This is shown by a case study from the Department of Law at the University of Gothenburg, together with examples from curricula and textbooks from legal theory courses across the Nordic countries.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Bunse, Carina, et al.
(author)
-
Response of marine bacterioplankton pH homeostasis gene expression to elevated CO2
- 2016
-
In: Nature Climate Change. - : Macmillan Publishers Ltd.. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 6:5, s. 483-487
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human-induced ocean acidification impacts marine life. Marine bacteria are major drivers of biogeochemical nutrient cycles and energy fluxes1; hence, understanding their performance under projected climate change scenarios is crucial for assessing ecosystem functioning. Whereas genetic and physiological responses of phytoplankton to ocean acidification are being disentangled2, 3, 4, corresponding functional responses of bacterioplankton to pH reduction from elevated CO2 are essentially unknown. Here we show, from metatranscriptome analyses of a phytoplankton bloom mesocosm experiment, that marine bacteria responded to lowered pH by enhancing the expression of genes encoding proton pumps, such as respiration complexes, proteorhodopsin and membrane transporters. Moreover, taxonomic transcript analysis showed that distinct bacterial groups expressed different pH homeostasis genes in response to elevated CO2. These responses were substantial for numerous pH homeostasis genes under low-chlorophyll conditions (chlorophyll a <2.5 μg l−1); however, the changes in gene expression under high-chlorophyll conditions (chlorophyll a >20 μg l−1) were low. Given that proton expulsion through pH homeostasis mechanisms is energetically costly, these findings suggest that bacterioplankton adaptation to ocean acidification could have long-term effects on the economy of ocean ecosystems.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Burman, Monica, Professor, 1962-, et al.
(author)
-
Women's human rights in the governance of the Arctic : gender equality and violence against indigenous women
- 2018
-
In: The Yearbook of Polar Law. - : Brill | Nijhoff. - 1876-8814 .- 2211-6427. - 9789004342415 ; 9:1, s. 53-78
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous studies show a lack of deference and activities when it comes to women's human rights and gender equality in the multi-level governance of the Arctic. According to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, women in the Arctic are vulnerable, in particular indigenous and rural women. Their rights are not upheld in the Arctic states for example when it comes to exposure to violence, equal participation in governing bodies, and economic self-support. The public governing bodies have almost no focus on gender equality at all, despite far-reaching international obligations and, for several of the states, national ambitious agendas for gender equality politics. International instruments with obligations to strive for gender equality, such as the CEDAW, the ILO Convention 169 and UNDRIP, are scarcely referred to and not sufficiently implemented by the public governance bodies. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of the obligations set up by human rights documents to promote women' rights in the governance of the Arctic, in order to put pressure on the states to develop strategies for a future gender equal governance. We have a special focus on the general lack of awareness within public governance, and on men's intimate partner violence against indigenous women.
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| 44. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(author)
-
Att planera för hela skogslandskapet : utmaningar och möjligheter
- 2016
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Skogens många värden behöver samplaneras och sättas i sitt sammanhang utifrån ett landskapsperspektiv. Vi intervjuade skogsägare och skogliga intressenter om hur de ser på skogens värden, äganderätten och skogspolitiska förutsättningar, samt synen på att samarbeta och ta hänsyn till varandras intressen. Vi utgår från behov identifierade i planeringsprocesser som inkluderar många deltagare och intressen, när det gäller att förbättrakommunikation, information och mötesplatser. Vi ser tre möjliga verktyg för att skapa förutsättningar för ett landskapsperspektiv i planeringen av skogens värden: en landskapslots, en samverkansarena, samt utformningen och användandet av skogsbruksplanen.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Carlsson, Julia, et al.
(author)
-
Opportunites for Integrated Landscape Planning : the Broker, the Arena, the Tool
- 2017
-
In: Landscape Online. - 1865-1542. ; 55, s. 1-20
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As an integrated social and ecological system, the forest landscape includes multiple values. The need for a landscape approach in land use planning is being increasingly advocated in research, policy and practice. This paper explores how institutional conditions in the forest policy and management sector can be developed to meet demands for a multifunctional landscape perspective. Departing from obstacles recognised in collaborative planning literature, we build an analytical framework which is operationalised in a Swedish context at municipal level. Our case illustrating this is Vilhelmina Model Forest, where actual barriers and opportunities for a multiple-value landscape approach are identified through 32 semi-structured interviews displaying stakeholders’ views on forest values, ownership rights and willingness to consider multiple values, forest policy and management premises, and collaboration. As an opportunity to overcome the barriers, we suggest and discuss three key components by which an integrated landscape planning approach could be realized in forest management planning: the need for a landscape coordinator (broker), the need for a collaborative forum (arena), and the development of the existing forest management plan into an advanced multifunctional landscape plan (tool).
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Caspersen, Siri, et al.
(author)
-
Organic production systems in Northern highbush blueberries
- 2013
-
In: NJF Report. - 1653-2015. ; 9, s. 141-142
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The production of highbush blueberries is increasing worldwide. Organic production of blueberries in Sweden is presently very limited but is expected to have a great potential to expand as the berries are popular and have a good shelf life. The fact that blueberries require acid soils raises several questions concerning suitable substrates in combination with mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilization in organic production systems. Field and pot experiments have been established during 2011 and 2012 with the aim of developing a sustainable production system for high quality organic blueberries. After the second experimental year, total fruit yields were similar for plants grown in a plastic tunnel and in the open field. Yields were not affected by the addition of 10% forest soil to the peat-based substrate. Inoculation with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi had little effect on shoot length in a greenhouse pot experiment. Blueberries may be particularly suitable for organic production as the need for fertilizers is low combined with a relatively low disease pressure on the blueberry crop in the Nordic countries. The Swedish blueberry production might be expected to expand in the near future. The development of a successful and resource-efficient growing system for organic blueberries may encourage new blueberry growers to chose organic production.
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| 49. |
-
Dette brenner jeg for! Festskrift til Hege Brækhus 70 år
- 2019
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I dette festskriftet til Hege Brækhus bidrar et stort antall kolleger og kontakter til å anerkjenne Hege og hennes engasjement på ulike områder innenfor rettsvitenskapen i samfunnsmessig viktige spørsmål. Interessen for og betoningen av økonomien som sentral for et menneskes selvstendighet, i kombinasjon med det rent konkrete rommet, er så karakteristisk for Hege. Hun er en uvanlig person innenfor akademia, en person som har evne til å kombinere en akademisk karriere med et sterkt innslag av pragmatisme og nærhet til hverdagens praktiske aspekter, som arbeidsvilkår, lønn og karriereutvikling. Forfatterne representerer både samfunnsvitenskap og et bredt spekter av rettsvitenskap. Alle har skrevet om noe de selv brenner for - samfunnsmessige spørsmål av ulik art, behov for regelendringer, praksis man er kritisk til, osv. Boka har et stort spenn, både tematisk og ved inkludering av ulike fag, tradisjoner og metoder. Som helhet utgjør dette et festskrift som avspeiler «state of the art» når det gjelder engasjement blant forskere anno 2019.
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