| 1. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Albin, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Situation for carers of the elderly in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Studies of Community Welfare: Chiiki Fukushi Kenkyu. - : Nihon Seimei Saiseikai Osaka. ; :38, s. 72-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In most societies informal care of the elderly (often given by a relative) plays an important role, this article describes the situation and support for carers that exist in Sweden. The description is partly based on the results from the evaluation of a project (“Anhörig 300”) aimed to develop support for carers in the County of Kronoberg as well as from information and documents. Four different typical situations for carers are identified and is an indication of how different situations for carers can be. In the future the support for carers must be paid attention to and further developed. The National Development Plan for the Nursing and Care for elderly in Sweden suggest increased support for carers as a supplement to the public sector elderly care. It is important to involve voluntary organizations to break isolation and loneliness among carers.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Utslagen fiskrekrytering och sviktande fiskbestånd i Kalmar läns kustvatten
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Undersökningar gjorda 1994-1997 i ett antal områden i Kalmarsund visade minskande bestånd av främst gädda och abborre samt en låg årsyngelproduktion vid jämförelse med tidigare studier. Observationerna stöddes av rapporter från fiskare och allmänhet och uppfattades så allvarliga, att ett tvåårigt forskningsprojekt beslutades genomföras för att dels dokumentera skadornas karaktär och geografiska utbredning, dels analyserade bakomliggande orsakerna. Projektet, som pågick under 1998-1999, omfattade ett flertal områden efter Kalmarsunds fastlandskust, ett område öster om Öland, samt några referensområden norr om sundet och ett söder därom. Inventerande provfisken och årsyngelundersökningar gjordes för att kartlägga fisksamhällets sammansättning och rekryteringen till de vuxna bestånden. Trålningar genomfördes under abborrens kläckningsperiod för att mäta tätheten av fisklarver samt undersöka deras överlevnad och tillväxt. I samband med detta gjordes insamlingar av djurplankton för att kartlägga larvernas födounderlag. Fält- och laboratorieexperiment genomfördes för att studera romutveckling, kläckning och larvöverlevnad hos gädda och abborre. Som stöd vid tolkningarna av resultaten inhämtades vattenkemiska data från den samordnade kustvattenkontrollen i Kalmar län.Tätheten av främst vuxen abborre men även gädda var mycket låg i området mellan Emån och Revsudden i sundets mitt och andelen gamla fiskar var stor. Även längre ner mot länsgränsen fanns tecken på att bestånden var negativt påverkade. På lokalen vid östra Öland var tätheterna likaså mycket låga. Inventeringen av årsyngel gav en ännu mer negativ bild. Bara ett fåtal yngel av abborre och gädda fångades i hela Kalmarsundsområdet. Även yngel av karpfiskar,strömming och stubbar förekom i lågatätheter. Något påverkade alltså fiskrekryteringen så negativt, att även de vuxna bestånden av flertalet arter reducerats. Det strandnära yngel- och småfisksamhället dominerades av spiggar, vilka förekom i högre tätheter än i referensområdena. Resultaten från de lokaler som besökts vid upprepade tillfällen visade att skadorna förvärrats med tiden.Vattenkemiska data visade, att högsalt- eller ammoniumhalt knappast kunde vara en tänkbar förklaring till den uteblivna rekryteringen. Ammoniumhalterna når inte skadliga nivåer i rekryteringsområdena, och salthalten har minskat i stället för ökat i kustområdet under de senaste 10 åren. Såväl fält- som laboratorieexperimenten gav resultat som talar emot en toxisk påverkan på föräldrafiskar eller ägg och larver. Befruktningsgrad, kläckning och larvöverlevnad vartill synes normala. Undersökning av snäckor från de områden där kläckningsförsök och rekryteringsstudier genomfördes, visade att det åtminstone detta år inte förekom larver eller cerkarier ögonsugmasken Diplostomum sp. under den känsliga period då fisklarver kan dödas av parasitangrepp. Eutrofiering har förts fram som en tänkbar orsak till den sviktande fiskrekryteringen. Närsaltsdata visar att området är övergött, och en förändrad kväve/fosforkvot antyder att primärproduktionen blivit alltmer kvävebegränsad under produktionsperioden senare år.Eutrofieringen yttrar sig som en ökning av primärproduktionen. Halterna klorofyll-a har tenderat att öka i de kustnära vattnen och bedöms som höga enligt Naturvårdsverkets bedömningsgrunder för miljökvalitet, Kust och Hav (1999). Under de senaste 4-5 åren har halterna emellertid sjunkit, vilket kan kopplas till ökat siktdjup. Utvecklingen indikerar att en större del av primärproduktionen under senare år sker i det bentiska växtsamhället. Denna utveckling ses inte i referensområdena. Även om en rik bottenvegetation normalt är positivt för fisk, kan alltför kraftig algpåväxt ha flera negativa effekter, t ex att leksubstraten försämras. En förskjutning av produktionen från pelagiska mikroalger till det bentiska systemet kan också innebära att fiskens födotillgång påverkas. Analyserna av zooplanktonproven visade tydliga avvikelser jämfört med referensmaterialen, såväl vad avser artsammansättning som täthet, och indikerar att födounderlaget försämrats för pelagiska fisklarver, t ex abborre, strömming och stubbar.Utsläppen från Mönsterås Bruk har också ansetts utgöra en möjlig förklaring. Om skadorna på fisk beror på eutrofiering, kan effekterna av brukets utsläpp ses som ett bidrag bland andra till den antropogena belastningen i området. Risken för att toxiska eller hormonellt störande ämnen i avloppsvattnet påverkat fisken måste enligt resultaten från fält och laboratorieexperimenten bedömas vara liten.Kalmarsund hyser landets tätaste skarvkolonier. Teoretiska beräkningar, baserat på uppskattningar av skarvbeståndets storlek, visar att dess konsumtion skulle kunna uppgå till den totala produktionen av stationär fisk i området vilket kan vara en viktig förklaring till de minskande tätheterna. Det finns dock observationer som talar mot skarven som den enda bakomliggande faktorn. Årsyngel utnyttjas normalt inte som föda av skarvarna, och rekryteringen försämrades inte bara för de stationära arterna abborre och gädda, utan även för stubbar och sillar vars vuxna bestånd inte påverkas lika starkt av skarv. Modellsimuleringar visar dock, att i dagens situation kan skarvpredationen effektivt motverka att bestånden återhämtar sig när, förhoppningsvis, rekryteringen åter börjar bli normal.
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| 6. |
- Axelsson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Multi-level Social Learning for Sustainable Landscapes : Perspective of a Development Initiative in Bergslagen, Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 42:2, s. 241-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To implement policies about sustainable landscapes and rural development necessitates social learning about states and trends of sustainability indicators, norms that define sustainability, and adaptive multi-level governance. We evaluate the extent to which social learning at multiple governance levels for sustainable landscapes occur in 18 local development initiatives in the network of Sustainable Bergslagen in Sweden. We mapped activities over time, and interviewed key actors in the network about social learning. While activities resulted in exchange of experiences and some local solutions, a major challenge was to secure systematic social learning and make new knowledge explicit at multiple levels. None of the development initiatives used a systematic approach to secure social learning, and sustainability assessments were not made systematically. We discuss how social learning can be improved, and how a learning network of development initiatives could be realized.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Boström, Pontus, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Hypoxia converts human macrophages into triglyceride-loaded foam cells.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. - 1524-4636. ; 26:8, s. 1871-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerotic lesions have regions that are hypoxic. Because the lesion contains macrophages that are loaded with lipid, we investigated whether hypoxia can influence the accumulation of lipids in these cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: Exposure of human macrophages to hypoxia for 24 hours resulted in an increased formation of cytosolic lipid droplets and an increased accumulation of triglycerides. Exposure of the macrophages to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) increased the accumulation of cytosolic lipid droplets because of an increase in cellular cholesterol esters. The accumulation of lipid droplets in oxLDL-treated cells was further increased after hypoxia, caused by an increased level of triglycerides. Expression analyses combined with immunoblot or RT-PCR demonstrated that hypoxia increased the expression of several genes that could promote the accumulation of lipid droplets. Hypoxia increased the mRNA and protein levels of adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP). It is well known that an increased expression of ADRP increases the formation of lipid droplets. Hypoxia decreased the expression of enzymes involved in beta-oxidation (acyl-coenzyme A synthetase and acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) and increased the expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase, an important enzyme in the fatty acid biosynthesis. Moreover, exposure to hypoxia decreased the rate of beta-oxidation, whereas the accumulation of triglycerides increased. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that exposure of human macrophages to hypoxia causes an accumulation of triglyceride-containing cytosolic lipid droplets. This indicates that the hypoxia present in atherosclerotic lesions can contribute to the formation of the lipid-loaded macrophages that characterize the lesion and to the accumulation of triglycerides in such lesions.
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| 9. |
- Boström, Pontus, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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The SNARE protein SNAP23 and the SNARE-interacting protein Munc18c in human skeletal muscle are implicated in insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 59:8, s. 1870-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Our previous studies suggest that the SNARE protein synaptosomal-associated protein of 23 kDa (SNAP23) is involved in the link between increased lipid levels and insulin resistance in cardiomyocytes. The objective was to determine whether SNAP23 may also be involved in the known association between lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes in humans, as well as to identify a potential regulator of SNAP23. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy, insulin-sensitive control subjects for expression (mRNA and protein) and intracellular localization (subcellular fractionation and immunohistochemistry) of SNAP23, and for expression of proteins known to interact with SNARE proteins. Insulin resistance was determined by a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Potential mechanisms for regulation of SNAP23 were also investigated in the skeletal muscle cell line L6. RESULTS: We showed increased SNAP23 levels in skeletal muscle from patients with type 2 diabetes compared with that from lean control subjects. Moreover, SNAP23 was redistributed from the plasma membrane to the microsomal/cytosolic compartment in the patients with the type 2 diabetes. Expression of the SNARE-interacting protein Munc18c was higher in skeletal muscle from patients with type 2 diabetes. Studies in L6 cells showed that Munc18c promoted the expression of SNAP23. CONCLUSIONS: We have translated our previous in vitro results into humans by showing that there is a change in the distribution of SNAP23 to the interior of the cell in skeletal muscle from patients with type 2 diabetes. We also showed that Munc18c is a potential regulator of SNAP23.
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| 10. |
- Bredewold, Obbo W, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular Risk Following Conversion to Belatacept From a Calcineurin Inhibitor in Kidney Transplant Recipients : A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Kidney Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0595. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), a belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen is associated with beneficial effects on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors compared with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based regimens. Our objective was to compare the calculated CV risk between belatacept and CNI (predominantly tacrolimus) treatments using a validated model developed for KTRs.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, investigator-initiated, international multicenter trial.SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: KTRs aged 18-80 years with a stable graft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate > 20 mL/min/1.73 m2), 3-60 months after transplantation, treated with tacrolimus or cyclosporine A, were eligible for inclusion.INTERVENTION: Continuation with a CNI-based regimen or switch to belatacept for 12 months.OUTCOMES: Comparison of the change in the estimated 7-year risk of major adverse CV events and all-cause mortality, changes in traditional markers of CV health, as well as measures of arterial stiffness.RESULTS: Among the 105 KTRs randomized, we found no differences between the treatment groups in the predicted risk for major adverse CV events or mortality. Diastolic blood pressure, measured both centrally by using a SphygmoCor device and peripherally, was lower after the belatacept treatment than after the CNI treatment. The mean changes in traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including kidney transplant function, were otherwise similar in both the treatment groups. The belatacept group had 4 acute rejection episodes; 2 were severe rejections, of which 1 led to graft loss.LIMITATIONS: The heterogeneous baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate and time from transplantation to trial enrollment in the participants. A limited study duration of 1 year.CONCLUSIONS: We found no effects on the calculated CV risk by switching to the belatacept treatment. Participants in the belatacept group had not only lower central and peripheral diastolic blood pressure but also a higher rejection rate.FUNDING: The trial has received a financial grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb.TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT no. 2013-001178-20.
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| 11. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Den nya rödlistan har 746 svampar
- 2010
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Ingår i: Svensk mykologisk tidskrift. - 1653-0357. ; 31:2, s. 37-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new Red List that was recently presented by the Swedish Species Information Centre (Gärdenfors 2010) includes 746 species of fungi considered to be threatened. Compared to the previous Red List published in 2005, 36 species have been down-listed whereas 150 species have been added, thus the list has increased by 114. The changes are above all due to increased knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution. In the present paper members of the Species Specialist Group for Fungi 2006-2010 summarize the background and results of the red-listing process and present the habitats in which the red-listed species occur.
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| 12. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Svampar – Fungi
- 2010
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Ingår i: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2010 – The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species. - 9789188506351 ; , s. 231-246
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Svampar Fungi
- 2020
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Ingår i: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2020. - 9789187853548 ; , s. 67-88
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Svampar Fungi
- 2015
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Ingår i: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2015. - 9789187853104 ; , s. 53-71
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Jan R, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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SAMLIC : pilotförsöket
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Growing cities are increasing the demand for goods carrying traffic to function well with other traffic. The number of zones for unloading goods in the centre of Linköping is small compared to the number of delivery addresses and the number of goods distributors. The attendant phenomena are congestion and costs of congestion. Therefore the local network for freight forwarders in Linköping has taken the initiative to the SAMLIC project. SAMLIC stands for Coordinated Retail Distribution in Linköping City. The aim of SAMLIC is to create an economically and logistically efficient system for goods distribution that is persistent and friendly to the environment. Economic profitability is neccessary for a system with a joint venture in coordinated distribution. The savings with coordinated distribution for the freight forwarders must be of such a dimension that they find it profitable to join instead of delivering the goods by themselves. During a trial period of nine weeks in the spring of 2004 there was a coordinated distribution to the centre of Linköping. Three freight forwarders took part in this project. The experience of the trial shows that the needed number of trucks decreased by 33 %, the total time for the distribution decreased by 15-20 % and the total driving kilometers in the centre decreased by at least 50 %.
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| 16. |
- Gillen, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of a spacer on total systemic and lung bioavailability in healthy volunteers and in vitro performance of the Symbicort® (budesonide/formoterol) pressurized metered dose inhaler
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1094-5539 .- 1522-9629. ; 52, s. 7-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma experience difficulties in coordinating inhalation with pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) actuation. The use of a spacer device can improve drug delivery in these patients. The aim of this study was to establish the relative bioavailability of single doses of Symbicort® (budesonide/formoterol) pMDI 160/4.5 μg/actuation (2 actuations) used with and without a spacer device. In addition, an in vitro study was conducted to characterize performance of the inhaler when used in conjunction with a spacer device. Methods: A Phase I, randomized, open-label, single-dose, single-center, crossover study in 50 healthy volunteers (NCT02934607) assessed the relative bioavailability of single-dose Symbicort® pMDI 160/4.5 μg/actuation (2 actuations) with and without a spacer (AeroChamber Plus® Flow-Vu®). Inhaled doses were administered without or with activated charcoal (taken orally) to estimate total systemic exposure and exposure through the lung, respectively. The in vitro study characterized the effect of the spacer with respect to delivered dose, fine particle dose, and dose during simulated breathing of budesonide and formoterol. Results: In terms of total systemic exposure, use of the spacer increased the relative bioavailability determined by AUC(0-last) and Cmax by 68% (spacer:no spacer treatment ratio, 167.9%; 90% CI, 144.1 to 195.6) and 99% (ratio, 198.7%; 90% CI, 164.4 to 240.2) for budesonide, and 77% (ratio, 176.6%; 90% CI, 145.1 to 215.0) and 124% (ratio, 223.6%; 90% CI, 189.9 to 263.3) for formoterol, respectively, compared with pMDI alone. Similarly, the lung exposure of budesonide and formoterol increased (AUC(0-last) and Cmax by 146% [ratio, 246.0%; 90% CI, 200.7 to 301.6] and 127% [ratio, 226.5%; 90% CI, 186.4 to 275.4] for budesonide, and 173% [ratio, 272.8%; 90% CI, 202.5 to 367.4] and 136% [ratio, 236.2%; 90% CI, 192.6 to 289.6] for formoterol, respectively) when the pMDI was administered through the spacer. When assessed by AUC(0-last) quartile without spacer, subjects in the lowest exposure quartile (indicating poor inhalation technique) with Symbicort® pMDI 160/4.5 μg/actuation (2 actuations) had markedly increased total systemic and lung exposure when the same dose was administered with the spacer. In contrast, for subjects in the highest exposure quartile with pMDI alone, total systemic and lung exposure of formoterol and budesonide was similar with and without the spacer. In the in vitro study, the fine particle dose (<5 μm) of both budesonide and formoterol from the spacer at delay time (i.e. pause period after actuation) = 0 s (instantaneous) after actuation was similar to the fine particle dose when not using the spacer. The delivered doses of budesonide and formoterol from the spacer were both lower compared with the doses administered without the spacer. There was also a decrease in delivered dose with increasing delay time. Conclusions: The clinical study demonstrated that in subjects with poor inhalation technique the use of the AeroChamber Plus® Flow-Vu® spacer increased the bioavailability of Symbicort® pMDI to a level observed in subjects with good inhalation technique without a spacer. The findings from the in vitro study support the fine particle dose characteristics of Symbicort® pMDI with the AeroChamber Plus® Flow-Vu® spacer.
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| 17. |
- Hadimeri, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A fixed protocol for outpatient clinic routines in the care of patients with severe renal failure
- 2013
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Ingår i: Renal failure. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0886-022X .- 1525-6049. ; 35:6, s. 845-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The primary aim of this study was to assess whether a fixed protocol, using a specially trained team, for intermediate follow-up to fulfillment of guideline targets is non-inferior to conventional follow-up in the care of uraemic patients. A secondary aim was to investigate possible impact on patient outcome.Methods: The cohort comprised 424 patients from seven centers. Inclusion criteria were either serum creatinine exceeding 200 mu mol/l or calculated clearance below 30 ml/min, representing CKD 4 or 5a. Six centers followed a standardized protocol (group 1). One center provided controls (group 2). The study design was prospective and interventional. The variables measured were blood hemoglobin, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone, albumin, renal function variables, blood pressure and RAAS blockade. The number of patients achieving the set goals was analyzed as a time trend to determine if the intervention resulted in an improvement.Results: At baseline, group 1 had significantly lower GFR and higher serum creatinine, calcium, phosphate, calcium x phosphate product and bicarbonate, lower mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressures and less use of RAAS. During the intervention, group 1 improved in the direction of guidelines for blood hemoglobin, albumin, bicarbonate and MAP. Outcome of secondary endpoints gave a risk of death of 30% in both groups, while the risk of renal replacement therapy was higher in group 1.Conclusions: However, the time to renal replacement therapy was significantly shorter in the intervention group, indicating that other variables than guideline achievements are important for the patient.
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| 18. |
- Ihse, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Riktlinjer för handläggning av patienter med pankreascancer
- 2002
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 99:15, s. 1676-1683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of pancreatic cancer has fallen during the last ten years in Sweden. Early signs and symptoms of the disease are still undiscovered and when diagnosis is made the disease is incurable in most patients. Transabdominal ultrasonography is the first-line imaging test followed by spiral computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if required for definite diagnosis. Spiral CT is also the imaging test of choice for assessment of resectability of the tumor. Surgical removal of the tumor is the only chance of cure. Markedly improved hospital mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy is reported and an association between hospital volume and outcome of the operation has been established. Longterm survival after attempted curative resection continues to be dismal, however. Adjuvant treatment should not be given outside clinical studies. Palliative treatment has improved thanks to progress in the field of endoscopy, interventional radiology and in management of pain and nutrition. Palliative chemotherapy should only be given selectively outside clinical studies. Radiotherapy has no proven effects on survival. Special pancreatic cancer treatment teams with catchment areas of 2-4 million inhabitants are recommended by international authorities.
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| 19. |
- Ihse, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Riktlinjer för handläggning av patienter med pankreascancer [Guidelines for management of patients with pancreatic cancer]
- 2002
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 99:15, s. 1676-1685
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transabdominellt ultraljud är förstahandsundersökning vid misstänkt pankreascancer, följt av spiral-DT eller MR för mer definitiv diagnos. Tumörmarkörer har ingen plats i rutindiagnostiken. Spiral-DT är basen i resektabilitetsbedömningen. Resektion av tumören är en förutsättning för bot. Ett samband har påvisats mellan antalet resektioner som görs vid ett sjukhus årligen och postoperativ mortalitet. Långtidsöverlevnaden efter resektion är oförändrat kort medan postoperativ mortalitet minskat dramatiskt vid enheter som rapporterat sina resultat. Adjuvant behandling efter resektion bör endast ges inom ramen för kliniska studier. Det palliativa omhändertagandet har förbättrats främst genom utveckling inom endoskopi, interventionell radiologi, smärt- och nutritionsbehandling. Palliativ cytostatikabehandling bör endast ges selektivt utanför kliniska studier. Radioterapi har ingen dokumenterad effekt på överlevnaden vid icke-resektabel pankreascancer. Internationellt rekommenderas speciella behandlingsteam för pankreascancer med tillräckliga upptagningsområden (2–4 miljoner invånare).
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| 20. |
- Iraola, Aitor, et al.
(författare)
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Microtomography-based Inter-Granular Network for the simulation of radionuclide diffusion and sorption in a granitic rock
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-7722 .- 1873-6009. ; 207, s. 8-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Field investigation studies, conducted in the context of safety analyses of deep geological repositories for nuclear waste, have pointed out that in fractured crystalline rocks sorbing radionuclides can diffuse surprisingly long distances deep into the intact rock matrix; i.e. much longer distances than those predicted by reactive transport models based on a homogeneous description of the properties of the rock matrix. Here, we focus on cesium diffusion and use detailed micro characterisation data, based on micro computed tomography, along with a grain-scale Inter-Granular Network model, to offer a plausible explanation for the anomalously long cesium penetration profiles observed in these in-situ experiments. The sparse distribution of chemically reactive grains (i.e. grains belonging to sorbing mineral phases) is shown to have a strong control on the diffusive patterns of sorbing radionuclides. The computed penetration profiles of cesium agree well with an analytical model based on two parallel diffusive pathways. This agreement, along with visual inspection of the spatial distribution of cesium concentration, indicates that for sorbing radionuclides the medium indeed behaves as a composite system, with most of the mass being retained close to the injection boundary and a non-negligible part diffusing faster along preferential diffusive pathways.
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| 21. |
- Landgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Health before and after adoption from Eastern Europe
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 95:6, s. 720-725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DESIGN: A population-based study of pre-adoption, arrival and post-adoption health.AIM: To report prenatal and postnatal background factors, morbidity, growth and development in adoptees from Eastern Europe.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All 99 children born in Eastern Europe between 1990 and 1995 and adopted to western Sweden during 1993-1997 were invited to participate in the study. Altogether, 76 (77%) participated. Medical records from the birth countries, from the examination at arrival and from medical reports made during a mean post-adoption period of 5 years were evaluated.RESULTS: Low birth weight (< or = 2500 g) occurred in 48%. Congenital malformations were found in 22%. The biological mothers of 33% of the children had been considered alcoholics, and 16% of the children's mothers had been diagnosed with a psychiatric disability. A high incidence of infectious diseases, neurodevelopment disorders and growth retardation had been noted during the pre-adoption period. Upon arrival in Sweden 75% were diagnosed with a medical condition, most often an infection. After a 5-year post-adoption period, small head circumference was associated with alcohol exposure during pregnancy and 46% had at least one neurodevelopment or behavioural disorder.CONCLUSION: Adverse prenatal and perinatal factors, congenital malformations and post-adoption neurodevelopment disorders were common. Adoptees and adopters have complex needs for health support and information.
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| 22. |
- Liu, Johan, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Stem Cell Growth and Migration on Nanofibrous Polymer Scaffolds and Micro-Fluidic Channels on Silicon-Chip
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2009 Electronic Components and Technology Conference. - 0569-5503. - 9781424444762 ; , s. 1080-1085
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stem cell growth and migration on nanofibrous scaffolds and micro-fluidic channels on Silicon-Chip were studied by using neural stem cells isolated from adult rats' brain. Electrospinning and lithographic technique were used for developing nanofibrous-polylactic acid (PLA) and polyurethane (PU) based-scaffolds and micro-fluidic channels on Si-Chips respectively. Immunocytochemical and morphological analysis showed better cell-matrix interaction with profound adhesion, proliferation and migration on the developed scaffolds. Cell culture assay with microfluidic channel revealed the ability of developed channel system in guiding neuronal stem cell growth towards specified directions. These studies extend the possibility of using developed nanofibrous scaffolds and micro-fluidic channel system for future electrical signal transmission based on living neural stem cells.
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| 23. |
- Moradikouchi, Anis, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Terahertz Frequency-Domain Sensing Combined with Quantitative Multivariate Analysis for Pharmaceutical Tablet Inspection
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-5173 .- 1873-3476. ; 632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Near infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis are established techniques for the identification and quantification of chemical properties of pharmaceutical tablets like the concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). However, these techniques suffer from a high sensitivity to particle size variations and are not ideal for the characterization of physical properties of tablets such as tablet density. In this work, we have explored the feasibility of terahertz frequency-domain spectroscopy, with the advantage of low scattering effects, combined with multivariate analysis to quantify API concentration and tablet density. We studied 33 tablets, consisting of Ibuprofen, Mannitol, and a lubricant with API concentration and filler particle size as the design factors. The terahertz signal was measured in transmission mode across the frequency range 750 GHz to 1.5 THz using a vector network analyzer, frequency extenders, horn antennas, and four off-axis parabolic mirrors. The attenuation spectral data were pre-processed and orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) regression was applied to the spectral data to obtain quantitative prediction models for API concentration and tablet density. The performance of the models was assessed using test sets. While a fair model was obtained for API concentration, a high-quality model was demonstrated for tablet density. The coefficient of determination (?2) for the calibration set was 0.97 for tablet density and 0.98 for API concentration, while the relative prediction errors for the test set were 0.7% and 6% for tablet density and API concentration models, respectively. In conclusion, terahertz spectroscopy demonstrated to be a complementary technique to Raman and NIR spectroscopy, which enables the characterization of physical properties of tablets like tablet density, and the characterization of API concentration with the advantage of low scattering effects.
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| 24. |
- Mukonzo, Jackson K, et al.
(författare)
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A novel polymorphism in ABCB1 gene, CYP2B6*6 and sex predict single-dose efavirenz population pharmacokinetics in Ugandans.
- 2009
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Ingår i: British journal of clinical pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2125 .- 0306-5251. ; 68:5, s. 690-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Efavirenz exhibits pharmacokinetic variability causing varied clinical response. The aim was to develop an integrated population pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic model and investigate the impact of genetic variations, sex, demographic and biochemical variables on single-dose efavirenz pharmacokinetics among Ugandan subjects, using NONMEM. METHODS: Efavirenz plasma concentrations (n = 402) from 121 healthy subjects were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Subjects were genotyped for 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which six were novel SNPs in CYP2B6, CYP3A5 and ABCB1. The efavirenz pharmacokinetics was described by a two-compartment model with zero- followed by first-order absorption. RESULTS: Apparent oral clearance (95% confidence interval) was 4 l h l(-1) (3.5, 4.5) in extensive metabolizers. In the final model, incorporating multiple covariates, statistical significance was found only for CYP2B6*6 and CYP2B6*11 on apparent oral clearance as well as ABCB1 (rs3842) on the relative bioavailability. Subjects homozygous for CYP2B6*6 (G516T, A785G) and *11 displayed 21 and 20% lower apparent oral clearance, respectively. Efavirenz relative bioavailability was 26% higher in subjects homozygous for ABCB1 (rs3842). The apparent peripheral volume of distribution was twofold higher in women compared with men. CONCLUSIONS: The model identified the four factors CYP2B6*6, CYP2B6*11, a novel variant allele in ABCB1 (rs3842) and sex as major predictors of efavirenz plasma exposure in a healthy Ugandan population after single-dose administration. Use of mixed-effects modelling allowed the analysis and integration of multiple pharmacogenetic and demographic covariates in a pharmacokinetic population model.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Saghaleyni, Rasool, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced metabolism and negative regulation of ER stress support higher erythropoietin production in HEK293 cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 39:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recombinant protein production can cause severe stress on cellular metabolism, resulting in limited titer and product quality. To investigate cellular and metabolic characteristics associated with these limitations, we compare HEK293 clones producing either erythropoietin (EPO) (secretory) or GFP (non-secretory) protein at different rates. Transcriptomic and functional analyses indicate significantly higher metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in EPO producers compared with parental and GFP cells. In addition, ribosomal genes exhibit specific expression patterns depending on the recombinant protein and the production rate. In a clone displaying a dramatically increased EPO secretion, we detect higher gene expression related to negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including upregulation of ATF6B, which aids EPO production in a subset of clones by overexpression or small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown. Our results offer potential target pathways and genes for further development of the secretory power in mammalian cell factories.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Svensson, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Grains, grids and mineral surfaces : approaches to grain-scale matrix modeling based on X-ray micro-computed tomography data
- 2019
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Ingår i: SN Applied Sciences. - : Springer Nature. - 2523-3963 .- 2523-3971. ; 1:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray micro-computed tomography (X-μCT) generates 3D mineral distribution maps currently with a resolution of about 10 μm. For tight crystalline rocks, this implies that the mineral grains are well resolved, while micro-fractures, having apertures of less than 10 μm, are not resolved. In this study, we propose a method to analyze the properties (size, volume, surface area) of the mineral grains based on X-μCT data. The numerical approach uses a resolution similar to that of the X-μCT data and hence shares the same limitations. For example, it is clear that a large fraction of the mineral surface area is due to so-called roughness, with scales below 10 μm. In the second part of the study, methods to generate the diffusion-available pore space are discussed. The inter-granular space (distance between grains) is often smaller than 10 μm, and we need to design methods to be able to perform diffusion simulations in the matrix. Three methods, all based on X-μCT, are discussed, and it is demonstrated that models with realistic global properties (mean porosity and effective diffusion coefficient) can be developed based on the suggested techniques.
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| 29. |
- Svensson, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the diffusion-available pore space of an unaltered granitic rock matrix using a micro-DFN approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 559, s. 182-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In sparsely fractured rock, the ubiquitous heterogeneity of the matrix, which has been observed in different laboratory and in situ experiments, has been shown to have a significant influence on retardation mechanisms that are of importance for the safety of deep geological repositories for nuclear waste. Here, we propose a conceptualisation of a typical heterogeneous granitic rock matrix based on micro-Discrete Fracture Networks (micro-DFN). Different sets of fractures are used to represent grain-boundary pores as well as micro fractures that transect different mineral grains. The micro-DFN model offers a great flexibility in the way inter- and intra-granular space is represented as the different parameters that characterise each fracture set can be fine tuned to represent samples of different characteristics. Here, the parameters of the model have been calibrated against experimental observations from granitic rock samples taken at Forsmark (Sweden) and different variant cases have been used to illustrate how the model can be tied to rock samples with different attributes. Numerical through-diffusion simulations have been carried out to infer the bulk properties of the model as well as to compare the computed mass flux with the experimental data from an analogous laboratory experiment. The general good agreement between the model results and the experimental observations shows that the model presented here is a reliable tool for the understanding of retardation mechanisms occurring at the mm-scale in the matrix.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- von Euler, Mia, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretation of the presence of 6-monoacetylmorphine in the absence of morphine-3-glucuronide in urine samples : evidence of heroin abuse
- 2003
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Ingår i: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0163-4356 .- 1536-3694. ; 25:5, s. 645-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of morphine in a urinary sample may be caused not only by intake of heroin but also by intake of poppy-seed-containing food shortly before urine sampling or intake of drugs containing morphine, ethyl morphine, or codeine. To facilitate the interpretation, the heroin-specific metabolite 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) can be analyzed along with morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) in an LC-MS verification analysis. In sporadic samples positive in the immunologic opiate screening test, 6-MAM, but not M3G, was found. To systematically analyze the finding all specimens with positive 6-MAM and/or M3G found during a 1-year period were investigated (n = 1923). Of these, 423 were positive for 6-MAM. In 32 (7.6%) of the samples 6-MAM was detected while the M3G concentrations were below cutoff (300 ng/mL) and in some cases even below the limit of detection (15 ng/mL). The 32 samples with this excretion pattern came from 13 different individuals, all but one with previously known heroin abuse. Eleven urine samples, nine containing M3G and 6-MAM and two with only 6-MAM, were also analyzed for the presence of heroin. In six samples, including the two with only 6-MAM, heroin was detected. There are several plausible explanations for these findings. The intake may have taken place shortly before urine sampling. High concentrations of heroin and 6-MAM may inhibit UGT 2B7, the enzyme responsible for glucuronidation of morphine. The hydrolyzation of 6-MAM to morphine may be disturbed by either internal or external causes. To elucidate this, further studies are required. Nevertheless, our finding demonstrates that routine measurement of 6-MAM when verifying opioid-positive immunologic screening results facilitates interpretation of low concentrations of M3G in urine specimens.
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| 32. |
- Yilmaz, Aylin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA, intrathecal immunoactivation, and drug concentrations after treatment with a combination of saquinavir, nelfinavir, and two nucleoside analogues: the M61022 study.
- 2006
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Ingår i: BMC infectious diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The way various antiretroviral drugs and drug combinations affect HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) steady-state concentrations of saquinavir and nelfinavir in relation to plasma concentrations, and to study their effect in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) on CSF viral loads, intrathecal immunoactivation, and blood-brain barrier integrity. METHODS: Paired CSF and plasma samples from 8 antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1 infected patients starting combination therapy with saquinavir, nelfinavir, and two nucleoside analogues were collected prior to treatment, and again after approximately 12 and 48 weeks of antiretroviral therapy. Additional plasma samples were taken at weeks 2, 4, 8, 24, and 36. The concentrations of protease inhibitors were analysed, as were levels of HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ T-cell count, beta2-microglobulin, neopterin, albumin ratio, IgG index, and monocytic cell count. RESULTS: None of the patients in the study presented with HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL in CSF or plasma prior to treatment, compared to 5/7 at the end of the study. Signs of cell-mediated intrathecal immunoactivation, measured by neopterin and beta2-microglobulin, decreased significantly in both CSF and serum, although only 1/7 reached normal CSF neopterin levels after 48 weeks of treatment. There was no significant reduction of albumin ratio, IgG index or CSF monocytic cell count. Saquinavir median (range) concentrations were < 2.5 (< 2.5-96.0) nM unbound in plasma, and < 2.5 (< 2.5-9.0) nM total in CSF. Nelfinavir median (range) concentrations were 10.0 (< 2.0-31.0) nM unbound in plasma, and < 2.0 (< 2.0-23.0) nM total in CSF. Saquinavir and nelfinavir were detectable in 7/15 and 9/15 CSF samples, respectively. CONCLUSION: Saquinavir and nelfinavir, in combination with two NRTIs, decrease the CSF viral load and, to a lesser extent, intrathecal immunoactivation. We found reasonably high CSF concentrations of nelfinavir, but suboptimal concentrations of saquinavir.
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