| 1. |
- Svensson, Per-Arne, 1969, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of Brown Adipose Tissue in the Human Perirenal Depot
- 2014
-
In: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 22:8, s. 1830-1837
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveTo characterize brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the human perirenal adipose tissue depot. MethodPerirenal adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from 55 healthy kidney donors. Expression analysis was performed using microarray, real-time PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Additional studies using human stem cells were performed. ResultsUCP1 gene expression analysis revealed a large intra-individual variation in the perirenal adipose tissue biopsies. Both multi- and unilocular UCP1-positive adipocytes were detected in several of the adipose tissue samples analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Microarray analysis identified 54 genes that were overexpressed in UCP1-positive perirenal adipose tissue. Real-time PCR analysis of BAT candidate genes revealed a set of genes that were highly correlated to UCP1 and a set of three transcription factor genes (PRDM16, PGC1, and RXR) that were highly correlated to each other. RXR displayed nuclear immunoreactivity in brown adipocytes and an increased gene expression during brown adipogenesis in human stem cells. ConclusionOur data provides the first molecular characterization of BAT in the perirenal adipose tissue depot. Furthermore, it highlights the transcription factor RXR as a new player in BAT development.
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| 2. |
- Ericsson, Stina, 1972, et al.
(author)
-
Att analysera interaktion
- 2023
-
Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Snart sagt alla situationer en människa befinner sig i präglas av interaktion. Människor pratar med varandra, rör sig genom ett rum, utbyter blickar, lär sig saker, arbetar, skämtar, håller i föremål ... Utmärkande för oss människor är nämligen att vi får saker och ting gjorda med vårt språk och våra kroppsliga resurser. Genom sådana handlingar påverkar vi vår omvärld och våra medmänniskor - och vi gör det tillsammans med dem. Det är studiet av denna mänskliga interaktion som boken handlar om. I första delen introduceras forskningsfältet interaktionsanalys och de arbetssätt, redskap och etiska ställningstaganden som hör till fältet. Den andra delen innehåller forskningsstudier som visar på bredden inom fältet och som pedagogiskt leder läsaren genom hela analysarbetet. Till boken hör även ett videomaterial som illustrerar några av bokens exempel, och som är tillgängligt för läsarens egna studier. Att analysera interaktion är avsedd för utbildningar inom språk vetenskap och angränsande ämnen som sociologi, utbildningsvetenskap och kommunikation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ali, Neserin, et al.
(author)
-
Analysis of nanoparticle-protein coronas formed in vitro between nanosized welding particles and nasal lavage proteins.
- 2016
-
In: Nanotoxicology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 10:2, s. 226-234
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Welding fumes include agglomerated particles built up of primary nanoparticles. Particles inhaled through the nose will to some extent be deposited in the protein-rich nasal mucosa, and a protein corona will be formed around the particles. The aim was to identify the protein corona formed between nasal lavage proteins and four types of particles with different parameters. Two of the particles were formed and collected during welding and two were manufactured iron oxides. When nasal lavage proteins were added to the particles, differences were observed in the sizes of the aggregates that were formed. Measurements showed that the amount of protein bound to particles correlated with the relative size increase of the aggregates, suggesting that the surface area was associated with the binding capacity. However, differences in aggregate sizes were detected when nasal proteins were added to UFWF and Fe2O3 particles (having similar agglomerated size) suggesting that yet parameters other than size determine the binding. Relative quantitative mass spectrometric and gel-based analyses showed differences in the protein content of the coronas. High-affinity proteins were further assessed for network interactions. Additional experiments showed that the inhibitory function of secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor, a highly abundant nasal protein, was influenced by particle binding suggesting that an understanding of protein function following particle binding is necessary to properly evaluate pathophysiological events. Our results underscore the importance of including particles collected from real working environments when studying the toxic effects of particles because these effects might be mediated by the protein corona.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, My, et al.
(author)
-
Optogenetic control of human neurons in organotypic brain cultures
- 2016
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optogenetics is one of the most powerful tools in neuroscience, allowing for selective control of specific neuronal populations in the brain of experimental animals, including mammals. We report, for the first time, the application of optogenetic tools to human brain tissue providing a proof-of-concept for the use of optogenetics in neuromodulation of human cortical and hippocampal neurons as a possible tool to explore network mechanisms and develop future therapeutic strategies.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Axelsson, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Prior information in fluorescence molecular tomography based on multispectral fluorescence emission
- 2007
-
In: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. - : SPIE. - 1042-4687 .- 1605-7422. - 9780819465474 ; 6434, s. 4340-4340
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) suffers from inherent ill-posedness due to the vast number of possible solutions to the reconstruction problem. To increase the robustness of such a problem one need prior information. We present here a method for rendering a priori information of the position of a fluorescent inclusion inside turbid media. The method utilizes solely two spectral bands within the fluorescence spectrum emitted from the fluorophore. The method is presented and verified using experimental data from a tissue phantom. The confinement is also used to impose weights onto the voxels before the inversion of the linear set of equations describing the FMT problem.
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| 10. |
- Axelsson, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Spatially varying regularization based on spectrally resolved fluorescence emission in fluorescence molecular tomography
- 2007
-
In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 15:21, s. 13574-13584
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fluorescence molecular tomography suffers from being mathematically ill-conditioned resulting in non-unique solutions to the reconstruction problem. In an attempt to reduce the number of possible solutions in the underdetermined system of equations in the reconstruction, we present a method to retrieve a spatially varying regularization map outlining the feasible inclusion position. This approach can be made very simple by including a few multispectral recordings from only one source position. The results retrieved through tissue phantom experiments imply that initial reconstructions with spatially varying priors reduces artifacts and show slightly more accurate reconstruction results compared to reconstructions using no priors.
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| 11. |
- Axelsson Olsson, Diana, et al.
(author)
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Amoebae and algae can prolong the survival of Campylobacter species in co-culture
- 2010
-
In: Experimental parasitology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4894 .- 1090-2449. ; 126:1, s. 59-64
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several species of free-living amoebae can cause disease in humans. However, in addition to the direct pathogenicity of e.g. Acanthamoebae and Naegleria species, they are recognized as environmental hosts, indirectly involved in the epidemiology of many pathogenic bacteria. Although several studies have demonstrated intracellular survival of many different bacteria in these species, the extent of such interactions as well as the implications for the epidemiology of the bacterial species involved, are largely unknown and probably underestimated. In this study, we evaluated eight different unicellular eukaryotic organisms, for their potential to serve as environmental hosts for Campylobacter species. These organisms include four amoebozoas (Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba rhysodes and Hartmanella vermiformis), one alveolate (Tetrahymena pyriformis), one stramenopile (Dinobryon sertularia), one eugoenozoa (Euglena gracilis) and one heterolobosea (Naegleria americana). Campylobacter spp. including Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the western world. Survival and replication of these three species as well as Campylobacter hyointestinalis were assessed in co-cultures with the eukaryotic organisms. Campylobacter spp. generally survived longer in co-cultures, compared to when incubated in the corresponding growth media. The eukaryotic species that best promoted bacterial survival was the golden algae D. sertularia. Three species of amoebozoas, of the genus Acanthamoeba promoted both prolonged survival and replication of Campylobacter spp. The high abundance in lakes, ponds and water distribution networks of these organisms indicate that they might have a role in the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis, possibly contributing to survival and dissemination of these intestinal pathogens to humans and other animals. The results suggest that not only C. jejuni, but a variety of Campylobacter spp. can interact with different eukaryotic unicellular organisms.
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| 12. |
- Axelsson Olsson, Diana, et al.
(author)
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Campylobacter jejuni acid tolerance increases when co-incubated with amoebae
- 2009
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Although Campylobacter jejuni is a frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, one of the enigmas is how thisfragile organism can survive the transit through the acid milieu of the stomach. C. jejuni is very sensitive to low pH, but cansurvive in moderately acid environment for short periods of time. We have previously shown that C. jejuni can colonize andeven replicate in different species of amoebas, thereby gaining protection from adverse environments.Objectives: We evaluated the effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl) on C. jejuni at various pH and time intervals, to study whetherco-cultivation with amoeba influenced C.jejuni acid tolerance. The setup was chosen to mimic the acidified milieu of the humangastrointestinal tract.Methods: Cultures of C. jejuni (CCUG 11284) were co-cultured with Acanthamoeba polyphaga in either PBS or tap wateracidified with HCl to pH 1, 2, 3 and 4. We also evaluated different treatments effect on campylobacter survival, by exposingsome bacterial samples to an acid shock and some to a slower acidification process.Results and conclusions: We show that C. jejuni can withstand pH below the normal range of survival, when co-cultured withA. polyphaga. C. jejuni co-cultured with amoebae survived acidified conditions at pH 3 for 20 hours and pH 2 for approximately5 hours. We also found a pH increase during the experiment, which correlated with campylobacter survival. These results pointto an unknown mechanism for C.jejuni to survive at low pH levels. This could be in the form of excretion of pH-increasingsubstances and simultaneous chemotaxic orientation towards a protective host. Our results could give one possible explanationto C. jejuni survival through the low pH of the gastrointestinal tract.
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| 13. |
- Axelsson Olsson, Diana, et al.
(author)
-
Increase in Acid Tolerance of Campylobacter jejuni through Coincubation with Amoebae
- 2010
-
In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 76:13, s. 4194-4200
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Campylobacter jejuni is a recognized and common gastrointestinal pathogen in most parts of the world. Human infections are often food borne, and the bacterium is frequent among poultry and other food animals. However, much less is known about the epidemiology of C. jejuni in the environment and what mechanisms the bacterium depends on to tolerate low pH. The sensitive nature of C. jejuni stands in contrast to the fact that it is difficult to eradicate from poultry production, and even more contradictory is the fact that the bacterium is able to survive the acidic passage through the human stomach. Here we expand the knowledge on C. jejuni acid tolerance by looking at protozoa as a potential epidemiological pathway of infection. Our results showed that when C. jejuni cells were coincubated with Acanthamoeba polyphaga in acidified phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or tap water, the bacteria could tolerate pHs far below those in their normal range, even surviving at pH 4 for 20 h and at pH 2 for 5 h. Interestingly, moderately acidic conditions (pH 4 and 5) were shown to trigger C. jejuni motility as well as to increase adhesion/internalization of bacteria into A. polyphaga. Taken together, the results suggest that protozoa may act as protective hosts against harsh conditions and might be a potential risk factor for C. jejuni infections. These findings may be important for our understanding of C. jejuni passage through the gastrointestinal tract and for hygiene practices used in poultry settings.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Barup, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
Multi-disciplinary lidar applications
- 2010
-
In: Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis, LACSEA 2010. - 2162-2701. - 9781557528803
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lidar is a powerful technique normally associated with atmospheric monitoring. However, lidar techniques, also of the laser-induced fluorescence and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy varieties, provide many new possibilities in unconventional fields including cultural heritage and ecological applications.
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| 16. |
- Bendsoe, Niels, et al.
(author)
-
Fluorescence monitoring of a topically applied liposomal temoporfin formulation and photodynamic therapy of nonpigmented skin malignancies.
- 2007
-
In: Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology. - 2162-6537. ; 26:2, s. 117-126
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Meso-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) (INN: Temoporfin) is a potent photodynamically active substance in clinical use today. Usually, the substance is given systemically and a known drawback with this administration route is a prolonged skin light sensitization. For the first time to our knowledge, a liposomal Temoporfin gel formulation for topical application was studied in connection with photodynamic therapy (PDT) of nonpigmented skin malignancies in humans. Intervals of 4 hr between drug administration and light irradiation were used. Sensitizer distribution within tumor and surrounding normal skin was investigated by means of point monitoring and imaging fluorescence spectroscopy before, during, and after PDT, showing high tumor selectivity. Furthermore, the bleaching of Temoporfin was studied during the PDT procedure by monitoring the fluorescence following excitation by using a therapeutic light. A 30−35% light-induced photometabolization was shown. No pain occurred during or after treatment. It was also observed that the treated area did not show any swollen tissue or reddening, as is often seen in PDT using topical δ-aminolevulinic acid. On controlling the patients one week after treatment, healing progress was observed in several patients and no complications were registered.
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| 17. |
- Bengtsson, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Impact of nasal obstruction on sleep quality : a community-based study of women
- 2015
-
In: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-4477 .- 1434-4726. ; 272:1, s. 97-103
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of self-reported nasal obstruction on sleep quality in women. A community-based sample of 400 women underwent a full night of polysomnography. Airway diseases, allergies and sleep-related symptoms were assessed by questionnaires. Women with subjective nasal obstruction were subdivided into three groups: persistent nasal obstruction (PNO, n = 46), hay fever (n = 88) and nasal obstruction at night (NON, n = 30). Sleep problems and related daytime symptoms were most prevalent among women with NON. After adjusting for age, BMI, smoking and asthma, NON was an independent predictor of 'Difficulties inducing sleep due to nasal obstruction' [adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI): 89.5 (27.0-296.7)], 'Snoring' [4.2 (1.7-10.2)], 'Sweating at night' [2.6 (1.1-6.1)], 'Difficulties maintaining sleep' [2.7 (1.2-6.2)], and 'Waking up hastily gasping for breath' [32.2 (8.7-119.1)]. 'Dry mouth on awakening' [7.7 (3.2-18.4)], 'Waking up unrefreshed' [2.7 (1.2-6.0)], 'Excessive daytime sleepiness' [2.6 (1.1-6.0)], and 'Daytime nasal obstruction' [12.2 (4.8-31.2)] were also associated with NON. Persistent nasal obstruction and hay fever were both associated with some reported sleep problems due to an overlap with NON. When women with NON were excluded, only 'Daytime nasal obstruction' was still significantly associated with PNO, while hay fever was associated with 'Daytime nasal obstruction' and 'Waking up hastily gasping for breath'. There were no significant differences in objectively measured sleep variables between any of the three subgroups and the study cohort. Self-reported nasal obstruction at night in women has a significant effect on several subjective day- and nighttime symptoms, but it does not appear to affect objectively measured sleep quality.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bergh Nestlog, Ewa, Professor, 1959-, et al.
(author)
-
Flerspråkiga klassrum i Växjösskolor – ett utvecklings- ochforskningsprojekt
- 2023
-
In: Språk, reflektion och vetenskap i lärarutbildningen. - Växjö : Institutionen för didaktik och lärares praktik, Linnéuniversitetet. - 9789180820714 - 9789180820721 ; , s. 51-66
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- En människas språkliga resurser är nära sammankopplade med vem hon är och hur hon blir uppfattad av andra. Med andra ord har en människas språkliga resurser med hennes identitet att göra (Edwards, 2009). I dagens Sverige talas fler än 150 språk (Parkvall, 2015). Dessa språk tillskrivs inte lika värde, varken officiellt i lagar och språkpolicyer eller av talare av olika språk. Hult (2017) har å ena sidan beskrivit den språkliga hierarki som råderi Sverige med svenska som huvudspråk (SFS 2009:600) och det obligatoriska skolämnet engelska som ett andraspråk (SFS 2010:800), å andra sidan de inhemska minoritetsspråken (finska, jiddisch, meänkieli, romani och samiska) och övriga fler än hundra minoritetsspråk. Denna språkliga hierarki kan ses som ett uttryck för en enspråkig, eller möjligen tvåspråkig svensk-engelsk, norm. Svenska och engelska värdesätts högst i samhället, följt av skolspråken franska, tyska och spanska. De övriga språken tillmäts snarare ett individuellt värde. Det utvecklings- och forskningsprojekt som beskrivs i denna rapport har med språkliga resurser att göra, och det är rimligt att även relatera beskrivningen till ovanstående resonemang om språkliga hierarkier.
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| 20. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972, et al.
(author)
-
Förtätning av stationsnära områden för god tillgänglighet. Utveckling av en analys - och utvärderingsmetod
- 2022
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det finns en vilja att förtäta i närheten av stationer för att öka användningen av kollektivtrafik och därmed minska klimatpåverkan kopplad till transpor- ter. Förtätning bidrar bland annat till att skapa levande stationssamhällen, med blandade funktioner, god tillgäng- lighet och miljöer som är trygga och vistelsevänliga där olika grupper och behov möts. Potentialerna är många men så även utmaningarna. Förtätning av stationsnära områden kan också leda till oönskade konsekven- ser för social, ekonomisk och ekologisk hållbarhet. Den här rap- porten kan förhoppningsvis ge ökad förståelse för förtätning i relation till regional tillgänglighet samt för positiva och negativa konsekvenser av förtätning i stationsnära områden. Den kan också skapa insikter om hur olika alternativ för utveckling av stations- nära områden kan värderas utifrån Agenda 2030, särskilt Mål 11: Hållbara städer och samhällen. Rapporten är framtagen inom projektet Urbana stationssamhäll- en – förtätning av stationsnära områden för god tillgänglighet (2020–2022) som finansierats av Trafikverket och bedrivits i sam- verkan mellan Urban Futures vid GMV (projektägare), Arkitektur och samhällsbyggnadsteknik vid Chalmers tekniska högskola, Gö- teborgsregionen (GR), Samhällsplanering vid Högskolan Dalarna och Samhällsplanering och miljö vid KTH.
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| 21. |
- Boij, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Regulatory T-cell Subpopulations in Severe or Early-onset Preeclampsia
- 2015
-
In: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 1046-7408 .- 1600-0897. ; 74:4, s. 368-378
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Problem A deficiency in regulatory T (Treg) cells causing reduced immune regulatory capacity has been proposed in preeclampsia. Objective Utilizing recent advances in flow cytometry phenotyping, we aimed to assess whether a deficiency of Treg subpopulations occurs in preeclampsia. Method of study Six-color flow cytometry was used for Treg phenotyping in 18 preeclamptic women (one early-onset, one severe and 16 both), 20 women with normal pregnancy, and 20 non-pregnant controls. Results No differences were found in major Treg populations including CD127(low)CD25(+)/CD127(ow)FOXP3(+), resting (FOXP3(dim)CD45RA(+)), and activated (FOXP3(bright)CD45RA(-)) Treg cells, whereas preeclamptic women showed increased CTLA-4(+) and CCR4(+) proportions within resting/activated Treg populations. Corticosteroid treatment prior to blood sampling (n = 10) affected the distribution of Treg populations. Conclusions Although we found no major alterations in circulating Treg frequencies, differences in CTLA-4(+) and CCR4(+) frequencies suggest a migratory defect of Treg cells in preeclampsia. Corticosteroid treatment should be taken into account when evaluating Treg cells.
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| 22. |
- Borestrom, C., et al.
(author)
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A CRISP(e)R view on kidney organoids allows generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney model for drug discovery
- 2018
-
In: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0085-2538 .- 1523-1755. ; 94:6, s. 1099-1110
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Development of physiologically relevant cellular models with strong translatability to human pathophysiology is critical for identification and validation of novel therapeutic targets. Herein we describe a detailed protocol for generation of an advanced 3-dimensional kidney cellular model using induced pluripotent stem cells, where differentiation and maturation of kidney progenitors and podocytes can be monitored in live cells due to CRISPR/Cas9-mediated fluorescent tagging of kidney lineage markers (SIX2 and NPHS1). Utilizing these cell lines, we have refined the previously published procedures to generate a new, higher throughput protocol suitable for drug discovery. Using paraffin-embedded sectioning and whole-mount immunostaining, we demonstrated that organoids grown in suspension culture express key markers of kidney biology (WT1, ECAD, LTL, nephrin) and vasculature (CD31) within renal cortical structures with microvilli, tight junctions and podocyte foot processes visualized by electron microscopy. Additionally, the organoids resemble the adult kidney transcriptomics profile, thereby strengthening the translatability of our in vitro model. Thus, development of human nephron-like structures in vitro fills a major gap in our ability to assess the effect of potential treatment on key kidney structures, opening up a wide range of possibilities to improve clinical translation.
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| 23. |
- Broberg, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of 92 cardiovascular proteins in dried blood spots collected under field-conditions : Off-the-shelf affinity-based multiplexed assays work well, allowing for simplified sample collection
- 2021
-
In: BioEssays. - : Wiley. - 0265-9247 .- 1521-1878. ; 43:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Workplace-collected blood spots deposited on filter paper were analysed with multiplexed affinity-based protein assays and found to be suitable for proteomics analysis. The protein extension assay (PEA) was used to characterize 92 proteins using 1.2 mm punches in repeated samples collected from 20 workers. Overall, 97.8% of the samples and 91.3% of the analysed proteins passed quality control. Both within and between spot correlations using six replicates from the same individual were above 0.99, suggesting that comparable levels are obtained from multiple punches from the same spot and from consecutive spots. Protein levels from dried blood and wet serum from the same individuals were compared and the majority of the analysed proteins were found to be significantly correlated. These results open up for simplified sample collection of blood in field conditions for proteomic analysis, but also highlight that not all proteins can be robustly measured from dried whole blood.
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| 24. |
- Chauchard, Fablen, et al.
(author)
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Localization of embedded inclusions using detection of fluorescence: Feasibility study based on simulation data, LS-SVM modeling and EPO pre-processing
- 2008
-
In: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-7439. ; 91:1, s. 34-42
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fluorescence spectroscopy is a useful technique for tissue diagnostics and is also a promising tool in the characterization of embedded structures in tissue. The emitted fluorescence from an embedded inclusion, marked with a fluorescent compound, is affected by several factors as the light propagates through the medium to the tissue boundary, where the fluorescence light is detected. Tissue absorption, scattering and autofluorescence, as well as the size and depth of the inclusion, affect the detected fluorescence light. The aim of this study is to investigate if the size and location of a fluorescent inclusion could be determined using models based a combination of External Parameter Orthogonalisation (EPO) and Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM). This can be very useful for data pre-processing before a full fluorescence tomography reconstruction. The data set consisted of simulated multispectral fluorescence, where depth and radius of a spherical fluorescent inclusion were varied as well as the fluorescence contrast and optical properties of the surrounding tissue. The results showed that the non-linear models based on LS-SVM can simultaneously predict both radius and depth. It was observed that EPO acts as a useful pre-processing tool on spectra for this nonlinear model and that it was necessary to perform EPO to be able to predict the depth with the LS-SVM model. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Dahlberg-Grundberg, Michael, 1983-
(author)
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Digital media and the transnationalization of protests
- 2016
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Recent developments in communications technology have transformed how social movements might mobilize, and how they can organize their activities. This thesis explores some of the geographical consequences of the use of digital media for political activism. It does this by focusing on the transnationalization of protests. The aim is to analyse how movements with different organizational structures and political scopes are affected by their use of digital media. This is done with a specific focus on how digital media use influences or enables transnational modes of organization and activism. The thesis comprises four different case studies where each study examines a social movement with a specific organizational structure. There are, however, also important similarities between the movements. In each study, somewhat different perspectives and methodological approaches are used. Some of the methods used are semi-structured interviews, content analysis of written data (retrieved from Facebook as well as Twitter), and social network analysis.The analysis indicates that digital media do have a role in the transnationalization of protest. This role, however, differs depending on what type of social movement one studies. The organizational structure of social movements, together with their specific forms of digital media use, influences how the transnationalization of protests and movements is articulated and formed. In cases where a social movement has a hierarchical organizational structure, there is less transnationalization, whereas in social movements with a more non-hierarchical organizational structure one sees more transnationalization. The thesis concludes that the transnationalization of protests is affected by social movements’ organizational structure. The more decentralized the social movement, the more vibrant the transnational public. In order to explain how transnational social movements, using digital media, can emerge in cases where geographical distances might make such coalitions unlikely, the thesis introduces the notion of affectual proximity. This concept helps us understand how transnational social movements, connecting actors from all over the world, can emerge through digital media.
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| 27. |
- Edvardsson, Jenny, et al.
(author)
-
Från sårbar till hållbar läsning
- 2020
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In: Från sårbarhet till hållbarhet i lärande och undervisning. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144138824 ; , s. 207-240
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Grankvist, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of clinical "CandidatusNeoehrlichia mikurensis" strains from Europe.
- 2015
-
In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 1098-660X. ; 53:10, s. 3126-3132
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CandidatusNeoehrlichia mikurensis is the tick-borne agent of neoehrlichiosis, an infectious disease that primarily affects immunocompromised patients. So far, the genetic variability of Neoehrlichia has been studied only by comparing 16S rRNA gene and groEL operon sequences. We describe the development and use of a multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) protocol to characterize the genetic diversity of clinicalNeoehrlichiastrains in Europe and their relatedness to other species within the Anaplasmataceae family.Six genes were selected:ftsZ, clpB, gatB,lipA,groEL and 16SrRNA. Each MLSA locus was amplified by real-time PCR, and the PCR-products sequenced. Phylogenetic trees of MLSA locus relatedness were constructed from aligned sequences. Blood samples from 12 patients with confirmed Neoehrlichia infection from Sweden (n = 9), the Czech Republic (n = 2) and Germany (n = 1) were analyzed with the MLSA protocol.Threeof the Swedish strains exhibited identical lipA sequences, while the lipA sequences of the strains from the other nine patients were identical to each other.One of the Czech strains had one differing nucleotide in the clpB sequence from the sequences of the other 11 strains. All 12 strains had identical sequences for the genes 16SrRNA,ftsZ, gatB, and groEL.According to the MLSA, Neoehrlichia is most closely related to E. ruminantium, less so to A. phagocytophilum and least to Wolbachiaendosymbiont, among the Anaplasmataceae.To conclude, three sequence types of infectious Neoehrlichia wereidentified: one in the west of Sweden, one in the Czech Republic, and one spread throughout Europe.
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| 32. |
- Greiff, Lennart, et al.
(author)
-
Absorption across the nasal airway mucosa in house dust mite perennial allergic rhinitis.
- 2002
-
In: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 22:1, s. 55-57
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- House dust mite allergens express protease activity and it has been suggested that this property has pathogenic effects by increasing airway absorption. In accordance, house dust mite allergens may increase mucosal permeability in vitro. The objective of the present study was to examine nasal absorption of desmopressin (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) in patients with perennial house dust mite allergic rhinitis and in healthy subjects in vivo. Patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were examined after a 4-week treatment withdrawal period, when symptoms of allergic rhinitis occurred, and healthy subjects were examined together with the patients. Desmopressin (20 microg ml(-1)) was moved into the nasal cavity using a nasal pool-device that contained 15 ml fluid. The fluid was kept in the nasal cavity for 15 min and then recovered. Urine was collected for 24 h after the nasal administration and the urinary excretion of desmopressin was determined as an index of nasal absorption. The urinary excretion of desmopressin was 1148+/-535 pmol 24 h(-1) in patients with perennial house dust mite allergic rhinitis and 1012+/-291 pmol 24 h(-1) in healthy subjects. We conclude that nasal airway absorption of the 1067 Da peptide desmopressin is unaffected in perennial house dust mite allergic rhinitis compared with healthy subjects.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Gullberg, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
Institutional Complexity in Schools : Reconciling Clashing Logics Through Technology?
- 2020
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration. - : Göteborgs universitet. - 2001-7405 .- 2001-7413. ; 24:1, s. 49-71
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The article analyses the introduction and use of an IT platform in two Swedish schools. The aim is to examine the role of information systems in shaping institutional complexity, and the research questions addressed are: what logics are manifested through the use of the system and how do they interact with each other in relation to teachers’ emerging work practices? The article is based on a qualitative case study of how teachers and principals perceive and use the system, and it combines theoretical thinking on institutional logics and complexity with ideas on materiality and its role in organisational change. An analysis of three teacher practices that are emerging with use of the system enables a discussion of the presence and, notably, interplay of three primary logics. Logics of professionalism, bureaucracy and management are shown to interrelate in competitive but, primarily, cooperative ways. The very materiality of the IT system is shown to attenuate experiences of incompatibilities between logics and facilitate the management of different logics when they are actually perceived to be incompatible. Contrary to what much previous literature on institutional complexity in the field of education suggests, we therefore argue that institutional complexity may facilitate and enrich teachers’ practices instead of merely constituting a hindrance.
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| 36. |
- Gustafson, Birgit, 1951, et al.
(author)
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BMP4 and BMP antagonists regulate human white and beige adipogenesis.
- 2015
-
In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 64:5, s. 1670-1681
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The limited expandability of subcutaneous adipose tissue, due to reduced ability to recruit and differentiate new adipocytes, prevents its buffering effect in obesity and is characterized by expanded adipocytes (hypertrophic obesity). Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) plays a key role in regulating adipogenic precursor cell commitment and differentiation. We found BMP4 to be induced and secreted by differentiated (pre)adipocytes and BMP4 protein was increased in large adipose cells. However, the precursor cells exhibited a resistance to BMP4 due to increased secretion of the BMP inhibitor Gremlin-1 (GREM1). GREM1 is secreted by (pre)adipocytes and is an inhibitor of both BMP4 and BMP7. BMP4 alone, and/or silencing GREM1, increased transcriptional activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and promoted the preadipocytes to assume an oxidative beige/brown adipose phenotype including markers of increased mitochondria and PGC1α. Driving white adipose differentiation inhibited the beige/brown markers suggesting the presence of multipotent adipogenic precursor cells. However, silencing GREM1 and/or adding BMP4 during white adipogenic differentiation re-activated beige/brown markers suggesting that increased BMP4 preferentially regulates the beige/brown phenotype. Thus BMP4, secreted by white adipose cells, is an integral feedback regulator of both white and beige adipogenic commitment and differentiation and resistance to BMP4 by GREM1 characterizes hypertrophic obesity.
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| 37. |
- Gustavsson, Jenny, et al.
(author)
-
Bioavailability and chemical forms of Co and Ni in the biogasprocess : an evaluation based on sequential and acid volatile sulfide extractions
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Several previous studies report stimulatory effects on biogas process performance after trace element supplementation. However, the regulation of the bioavailability in relation to chemical speciation (e.g. the role of sulfide) is not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of sulfide on the chemical speciation and bioavailability of Co and Ni in lab-scale semi-continuously fed biogas tank reactors, digesting grain stillage. The chemical forms and potential bioavailability of Co and Ni in the reactors were determined by sequential extraction (SE), and analysis of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) together with simultaneously extracted metals (AVS-Me). The results for metal speciation analysis demonstrated that Ni was completely associated to the organic matter/sulfide fraction and AVS, suggesting low potential Ni-bioavailability. Cobalt was predominantly associated to organic matter/sulfide and AVS, but also to more soluble fractions which are considered to be more bioavailable. Process performance data showed that both Co and Ni were available for microbial uptake. Although the actual bioavailability of Co could be explained by association to more bioavailable chemical fractions as determined by SE, AVS and AVS-Me analysis, the complete association of Ni with organic matter/sulfides and AVS shows that Ni was taken up despite its expected low bioavailability. Thus, the results of the present study imply that Ni-sulfide precipitation does not prevent microbial uptake in the studied biogas reactors.
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| 38. |
- Gustavsson, Jenny, et al.
(author)
-
Bioavailability of cobalt and nickel during anaerobic digestion of sulfur-rich stillage for biogas formation
- 2013
-
In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 112, s. 473-477
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Addition of Co and Ni often improves the production of biogas during digestion of organic matter, i.e. increasing CH4-production, process stability and substrate utilization which often opens for higher organic loading rates (OLRs). The effect of Co and Ni addition was evaluated by measuring methane production, volatile solids reduction, pH and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). A series of six lab-scale semi-continuously fed biogas tank reactors were used for this purpose. The chemical forms and potential bioavailability of Co and Ni were examined by sequential extraction, acid volatile sulfide extraction (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals. Furthermore, the sulfur speciation in solid phase was examined by sulfur X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. The effect of Co and Ni deficiency on the microbial community composition was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 454-pyrosequencing. The results showed that amendment with Co and Ni was necessary to maintain biogas process stability and resulted in increased CH4-production and substrate utilization efficiency. 10-20% of the total Co concentration was in dissolved form and should be regarded as easily accessible by the microorganisms. In contrast, Ni was entirely associated with organic matter/sulfides (mainly AVS) and regarded as very difficult to take up. Still Ni had stimulatory effects suggesting mechanisms such as dissolution of NiS to be involved in the regulation of Ni availability for the microorganisms. The microbial community structure varied in relation to the occurrence of Ni and Co. The acetate-utilizing Methanosarcinales dominated during stable process performance, i.e. when both Co and Ni were supplied, while hydrogenotrophic Methanomicrobiales increased together with VFA concentrations under Co or Ni deficiency. The increase was more pronounced at Co limitation. This study demonstrates that there are good possibilities to improve the performance of biogas processes digesting sulfur-rich substrates by supplementation of Co and Ni.
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| 39. |
- Gustavsson, Jenny
(author)
-
Cobalt and Nickel Bioavailability for Biogas Formation
- 2012
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Supplementation of trace metals such as Co and Ni may improve anaerobic digestion of organic material for biogas formation. Which trace metals that are needed and the quantity to apply are, at least partly, related to metal speciation and bioavailability. According to the common perception, metals have to be dissolved to be available for microbial uptake. However, the impact of trace metal speciation on bioavailability is still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of Fe-, Co- and Ni-addition on the biogas process performance of stillage-fed lab-scale biogas tank reactors. Metal speciation was determined by sequential extraction (SE), extraction of acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and continuously extracted metals (AVS-Me). Sulfur forms, which may be associated to metal speciation, were studied with S XANES (sulfur X-ray absorption near edge structure). The effect of different Co- and Ni-concentrations on process microflora composition was examined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) and 454-pyrosequencing.The results showed that Co- and Ni-supplementation stimulated and stabilized the biogas process performance by increasing methane production and substrate utilization and by establishing low concentrations of volatile fatty acids. 10-20% of the total Co-amount was found in the dissolved phase, which shows that Co was relatively available for microbial uptake. Nickel was entirely associated to organic matter/sulfides and AVS, and was therefore considered to be non-bioavailable. Nevertheless, Ni-supplementation had stimulatory effects on the biogas process performance. This implies that Ni was available for microbial uptake despite its extensive association to sulfides and that other mechanisms than solubility govern the availability of this trace metal. The microbial analyzes revealed that it was primarily the methane producers which were affected by the concentration of Co and Ni. At stimulatory Co- and Ni-concentrations, the archaeal methanogenic community was dominated by aceticlastic Methanosarcinales. At lower Co- or Ni-levels, when biogas process performance was poor, an increase in hydrogenotrophic Methanomicrobiales was observed. This indicates a shift in the methanogenic flora, from being dominated by acetate utilizers to increased importance of hydrogen utilizers, and that the former was more dependent on Co and Ni.
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| 40. |
- Gustavsson, Jenny, et al.
(author)
-
Potential bioavailability and chemical forms of Co and Ni in the biogas process-An evaluation based on sequential and acid volatile sulfide extractions
- 2013
-
In: Engineering in Life Sciences. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA. - 1618-0240 .- 1618-2863. ; 13:6, s. 572-579
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several previous studies reported stimulatory effects on biogas process performance after trace metal supplementation. However, the regulation of the bioavailability in relation to chemical speciation, e.g. the role of sulfide is not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of sulfide on chemical speciation and bioavailability of Co and Ni in lab-scale semicontinuous stirred biogas tank reactors treating stillage. The chemical forms and potential bioavailability of Co and Ni were studied by sequential extraction, analysis of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), and simultaneously extracted metals. The results demonstrated that Ni was completely associated to the organic matter/sulfide fraction and AVS, suggesting low potential bioavailability. Cobalt was predominantly associated to organic matter/sulfide and AVS, but also to more soluble fractions, which are considered to be more bioavailable. Process data showed that both Co and Ni were available for microbial uptake. Although the actual bioavailability of Co could be explained by association to more bioavailable chemical fractions, the complete association of Ni with organic matter/sulfides and AVS implies that Ni was taken up despite its expected low bioavailability. It was concluded that extensive Co- and Ni-sulfide precipitation did not inhibit microbial uptake of Co and Ni in the reactors.
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| 41. |
- Gustavsson, Jenny, et al.
(author)
-
Shifts in microbial community structure at Co and Ni nutrient deficiency in biogas tank reactors digesting grain stillage
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- From previous studies in our laboratory it was concluded that Co- and Ni-amendment was necessary for stable biogas process operation during anaerobic digestion of grain stillage. In the present study, shifts in microbial community structure were investigated in relation to omission of Co or Ni from the stable biogas processes. The first effect of the stopped Co- or Ni-additions was an increase in volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Eventually, the methane production ceased in the reactor without Niaddition. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed that Methanosarcinales was the dominating order of methanogens during stable process performance (both Co and Ni supplied) while Methanomicrobiales increased with increasing VFA-concentrations at both Co- and Ni-deficiency. The increase was however more pronounced at Co-limitation. The qPCR results agreed with sequencing data obtained by 454-pyrosequencing, where the dominating sequences belonged to Methanosaeta sp (order Methanosarcinales) at stable conditions, while the proportion of sequences belonging to Methanoculleus sp. (order Methanomicrobiales) increased at reactor instability as a result of decreasing concentration of Co or Ni.
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| 42. |
- Gustavsson, Jenny, et al.
(author)
-
The feasibility of trace element supplementation for stable operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors
- 2011
-
In: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 64:2, s. 320-325
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trace element supplementation on operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors. The stillage used was a residue from bio-ethanol production, containing high levels of sulfate. In biogas production, high sulfate content has been associated with poor process stability in terms of low methane production and accumulation of process intermediates. However, the results of the present study show that this problem can be overcome by trace element supplementations. Four lab-scale wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors were operated for 345 days at a hydraulic retention time of 20 days (37 degrees C). It was concluded that daily supplementation with Co (0.5 mg L(-1)), Ni (0.2 mg L(-1)) and Fe (0.5 g L(-1)) were required for maintaining process stability at the organic loading rate of 4.0 g volatile solids L(-1) day(-1).
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| 43. |
- Gybaeck, Helena, et al.
(author)
-
Benzoic acid derivatives as glycine receptor inhibitors, their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions, and use in therapy.
- 2006
-
Patent (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- The invention relates to benzoic acid derivs. of formula I, which are inhibitors of glycine receptors (GlyRs). In compds. I, Y is H, OH, halo, (un)substituted C1-6 alkoxy, or (un)substituted C1-6 alkyl; R1 is (un)substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, (un)substituted heterocyclyl, (un)substituted aryl, (un)substituted alkylaryl, (un)substituted heteroaryl, or (un)substituted C3-6 alkyl; L is selected from a bond, heteroarylene, -C(O)-, -CH2-, -CH(OR4)-, -N(OH)-, -N(R4)-, -S(O)n-, where R4 is H or C1-6 alkyl and n is 0, 1, or 2; R2 is H, halo, cyano, dimethylamino, (un)substituted C1-6 alkyl, (un)substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, (un)substituted heterocyclyl, (un)substituted aryl, (un)substituted alkylaryl, (un)substituted heterocyclyl or (un)substituted heteroaryl; and R3 is OH or C1-6 alkoxy; with the exclusion of several compds. The invention also relates to the prepn. of I, pharmaceutical compns. comprising a therapeutically effective amt. of a compd. I with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable diluents, excipients and/or inert carriers, as well as to the use of the compns. for the treatment of conditions that respond to glycine receptor inhibition, such as neuropathic or inflammatory pain syndromes. Chlorination of 4-methoxybenzenethiol followed by C-substitution with 3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid and oxidn. gave (arylsulfonyl)benzoic acid II. Several compds. of the invention expressed IC50 values against human GlyR α1 of about 10 nM to about 30 μM (no specific data). [on SciFinder(R)]
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| 44. |
- Halvarsson Lundkvist, Agneta, et al.
(author)
-
Conditions Enabling Development in National Lean Programmes
- 2016
-
In: Leadership & Organization Development Journal. - 0143-7739 .- 1472-5347.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this article is to identify work practices and activities at programme and local levels which constitute conditions that enable development in workplace development programmes (WPDPs). These are introduced by public agencies as change agents that provide the resources for local organizational change. Design/methodology/approach – The study constituted separate interactive research projects in three WPDPs conducted through a total of 256 interviews and documentation from meetings. The findings were compared in a qualitative content analysis. Findings – The outcomes of development processes in the programmes and local Lean implementation are enabled by the interplay of three conditions: a) organized learning activities with the stakeholders involved, b) key stakeholders’ active ownership and c) support for employee participation. The three conditions thus support programme management in leading the programme development processes. Research limitations/implications - The findings operationalize broad theoretical concepts. However, the research projects involved were not originally designed for this comparative study, which created some difficulties when performing the analysis. The longitudinal design and vast amount of data partly compensate for this. Practical implications – This knowledge will be helpful in the formation of new WPDPs that support local organizational development and for those who lead such processes. Originality/value – The novelty of the findings is the operationalization of broad theoretical concepts, such as the conditions that support development programmes. Moreover, this article shows a set of work practices and activities that management may be used in organizing WPDPs.
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| 45. |
- He, Shu, et al.
(author)
-
A global assay of haemostasis which uses recombinant tissue factor and tissue-type plasminogen activator to measure the rate of fibrin formation and fibrin degradation in plasma
- 2007
-
In: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - 0340-6245 .- 2567-689X. ; 98:4, s. 871-882
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The global assay of Overall Haemostasis Potential we previously described has been refined. The coagulation cascade in platelet-poor plasma is triggered by adding a minimal dose of recombinant tissue factor together with purified phospholipids and calcium; fibrinolysis is initiated by adding recombinant tissue type-plasminogen activator in a concentration similar to what can be obtained during thrombolysis. Numerical differentials of optical densities reflecting rates of fibrin formation and degradation are calculated by a new software, and the Coagulation Profile (Cp) and the Fibrinolysis Profile (Fp) are determined. The combined effect of these counteractive systems is expressed as a ratio of Cp to Fp, called the Overall Haemostasis Index. Commercially available coagulant-deficient patient plasma samples and plasma with various amounts of added PAI-1 are examined; changes of fibrin turbidity demonstrate that this assay can determine Cp and Fp in a physiologically relevant way. Increased Cp and decreased Fp in prothrombotic patients, as well as expected effects of heparin or a thrombin inhibitor on Cp and Fp, suggest that our method can detect hypercoagulability and assist in monitoring antithrombotic treatment. Ongoing studies will show whether this simple assay can be of value in clinical routine.
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| 46. |
- Hendrikse, Natalie, et al.
(author)
-
Ancestral lysosomal enzymes with increased activity harbor therapeutic potential for treatment of Hunter syndrome
- 2021
-
In: ISCIENCE. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-0042. ; 24:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We show the successful application of ancestral sequence reconstruction to enhance the activity of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), thereby increasing its therapeutic potential for the treatment of Hunter syndrome-a lysosomal storage disease caused by impaired function of IDS. Current treatment, enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human IDS, does not alleviate all symptoms, and an unmet medical need remains. We reconstructed putative ancestral sequences of mammalian IDS and compared them with extant IDS. Some ancestral variants displayed up to 2-fold higher activity than human IDS in in vitro assays and cleared more substrate in ex vivo experiments in patient fibroblasts. This could potentially allow for lower dosage or enhanced therapeutic effect in enzyme replacement therapy, thereby improving treatment outcomes and cost efficiency, as well as reducing treatment burden. In summary, we showed that ancestral sequence reconstruction can be applied to lysosomal enzymes that function in concert with modern enzymes and receptors in cells.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Hermansson, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Quantification of ammonia-oxidising bacteria in limed and non-limed acidic coniferous forest soil using real-time PCR
- 2004
-
In: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 36:12, s. 1935-1941
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) in limed and non-limed acidic coniferous forest soil were investigated using real-time PCR. Two sites in southern Sweden were studied, 244 Åled and Oxafällan. The primers and probe used earlier appeared to be specific to the 16S rRNA gene of AOB belonging to the β-subgroup of the Proteobacteria [Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67 (2001) 972]. Plots treated with two different doses of lime, 3 or 6 t ha-1, were compared with non-limed control plots on two occasions during a single growing season. Three different soil depths were analysed to elucidate possible differences in the density of their AOB communities. The only clear effect of liming on the AOB was recorded in the beginning of the growing season at 244 Åled. In samples taken in April from this site, the numbers of AOB were higher in the limed plots than in the control plots. At the end of the growing season the AOB communities were all of a similar size in the different plots at both sites, irrespective of liming. The number of AOB, determined using real-time PCR, ranged between 6×106 and 1×109 cells g-1 soil (dw) at the two sites, and generally decreased with increasing soil depth. The results showed no correlation between community density and potential nitrification. This may indicate a partly inactive AOB community. Furthermore, more than 107 cells g-1 soil (dw) were recorded using real-time PCR in the control plot at 244 Åled, although Bäckman et al. [Soil Biol. Biochem. 35 (2003) 1337] detected no AOB like sequences in the same plots using PCR followed by DGGE. Taken together our results strongly suggest that the primers and probe set used are not well suited for quantifying AOB in acidic forest soils, which is probably due to an insufficient specificity. This shows that it is extremely important to re-evaluate any primers and probe set when used in a new environment. Consideration should be given to the specificity and sensitivity, both empirically and using bioinformatic tools.
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| 49. |
- Hjalmarson, Jenny, et al.
(author)
-
Accessibility for elderly using a four-wheeled walker-an interview and observation analysis
- 2013
-
In: AAATE Conference 2013. - 9781614993032 ; , s. 27-33
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accessibility for all is an overall goal in many communities around the world. The UN has the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities which Sweden along with many other countries has agreed to follow. The aim with this project was to analyse which environmental difficulties elderly people over 65 years of age experience in their daily life when walking with a four-wheeled walker. The focus area was the surroundings close to their home. It is necessary to learn more about the difficulties for people with disabilities as a base for future development of the built environment. The group of elderly is increasing daily. In Sweden the four-wheeled walker is a commonly used assistive device by the elderly when, for example, their balance decreases; this is why we chose to focus on this specific assistive device.
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| 50. |
- Holm-Waters, Susanna, et al.
(author)
-
Preclinical Pharmacology of 2-(3-Fluoro-5-Methanesulfonyl-phenoxy)Ethyl (Propyl)amine (IRL790), a Novel Dopamine Transmission Modulator for the Treatment of Motor and Psychiatric Complications in Parkinson Disease
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0022-3565 .- 1521-0103. ; 374:1, s. 113-125
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IRL790 ([2-(3-fluoro-5-methanesulfonylphenoxy)ethyl](propyl)amine, mesdopetam) is a novel compound in development for the clinical management of motor and psychiatric disabilities in Parkinson disease. The discovery of IRL790 was made applying a systems pharmacology approach based on in vivo response profiling. The chemical design idea was to develop a new type of DA D3/D2 receptor type antagonist built on agonist rather than antagonist structural motifs. We hypothesized that such a dopamine antagonist with physicochemical properties similar to agonists would exert antidyskinetic and antipsychotic effects in states of dysregulated dopaminergic signaling while having little negative impact on physiologic dopamine transmission and, hence, minimal liability for side effects related to dopamine-dependent functions. At the level of in vivo pharmacology, IRL790 displays balancing effects on aberrant motor phenotypes, reducing L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in the rodent 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model and reducing psychostimulant-induced locomotor hyperactivity elicited by pretreatment with either d-amphetamine or dizocilpine, without negatively impacting normal motor performance. Thus, IRL790 has the ability to normalize the behavioral phenotype in hyperdopaminergic as well as hypoglutamatergic states. Neurochemical and immediate early gene (IEG) response profiles suggest modulation of DA neurotransmission, with some features, such as increased DA metabolites and extracellular DA, shared by atypical antipsychotics and others, such as increased frontal cortex IEGs, unique to IRL790. IRL790 also increases extracellular levels of acetylcholine in the prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus. At the receptor level, IRL790 appears to act as a preferential DA D3 receptor antagonist. Computational docking studies support preferential affinity at D3 receptors with an agonist-like binding mode. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This paper reports preclinical pharmacology along with molecular modeling results on IRL790, a novel compound in clinical development for the treatment of motor and psychiatric complications in advanced Parkinson disease. IRL790 is active in models of perturbed dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling, including rodent 6-hydroxydopamine L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias and psychostimulant-induced hyperactivity, in a dose range that does not impair normal behavior. This effect profile is attributed to interactions at dopamine D2/D3 receptors, with a 6- to 8-fold preference for the D3 subtype.
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