| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Borg, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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SZZ unleashed: an open implementation of the SZZ algorithm : featuring example usage in a study of just-in-time bug prediction for the Jenkins project
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machine learning applications in software engineering often rely on detailed information about bugs. While issue trackers often contain information about when bugs were fixed, details about when they were introduced to the system are often absent. As a remedy, researchers often rely on the SZZ algorithm as a heuristic approach to identify bug-introducing software changes. Unfortunately, as reported in a recent systematic literature review, few researchers have made their SZZ implementations publicly available. Consequently, there is a risk that research effort is wasted as new projects based on SZZ output need to initially reimplement the approach. Furthermore, there is a risk that newly developed (closed source) SZZ implementations have not been properly tested, thus conducting research based on their output might introduce threats to validity. We present SZZ Unleashed, an open implementation of the SZZ algorithm for git repositories. This paper describes our implementation along with a usage example for the Jenkins project, and conclude with an illustrative study on just-in-time bug prediction. We hope to continue evolving SZZ Unleashed on GitHub, and warmly invite the community to contribute.
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| 3. |
- Burke, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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InAs Nanowire Transistors with Multiple, Independent Wrap-Gate Segments.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 15:5, s. 2836-2843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a method for making horizontal wrap-gate nanowire transistors with up to four independently controllable wrap-gated segments. While the step up to two independent wrap-gates requires a major change in fabrication methodology, a key advantage to this new approach, and the horizontal orientation more generally, is that achieving more than two wrap-gate segments then requires no extra fabrication steps. This is in contrast to the vertical orientation, where a significant subset of the fabrication steps needs to be repeated for each additional gate. We show that cross-talk between adjacent wrap-gate segments is negligible despite separations less than 200 nm. We also demonstrate the ability to make multiple wrap-gate transistors on a single nanowire using the exact same process. The excellent scalability potential of horizontal wrap-gate nanowire transistors makes them highly favorable for the development of advanced nanowire devices and possible integration with vertical wrap-gate nanowire transistors in 3D nanowire network architectures.
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| 4. |
- Eising, Stefanie, et al.
(författare)
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Type 1 diabetes risk analysis on dried blood spot samples from population-based newborns: design and feasibility of an unselected case-control study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. - : Wiley. - 0269-5022 .- 1365-3016. ; 21:6, s. 507-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) may be triggered pre- or perinatally by multiple factors. Identifying new predisposing T1D markers or combinations of markers in a large, well-characterised case-control collection may be important for future T1D prevention. The present work describes the design and feasibility of a large and unselected case-control study, which will define and evaluate prediction criteria for T1D at the time of birth. Danish registries (Biological Specimen Bank for Neonatal Screening, and the National Discharge Registry) made it possible to identify and collect dried blood spots (DBS) from newborns who later developed T1D (cases) born 1981-2002. DBS samples from 2086 cases and two matching control subjects per case were analysed for genetic and immune factors that are associated with T1D: (a) candidate genes (HLA, INS and CTLA4), (b) cytokines and inflammatory markers, (c) islet auto-antibodies (GAD65A, IA-2A). The objective of the study was to define reliable prediction tools for T1D using samples available at the time of birth. In a unique approach, the study linked a large unselected and population-based sample resource to well-ascertained clinical databases and advanced technology. It combined genetic, immunological and demographic data to develop prediction algorithms. It also provided a resource for future studies in which new genetic markers can be included as they are identified.
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| 5. |
- Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Oligodendrocyte precursor hypercellularity and abnormal retina development in mice overexpressing PDGF-B in myelinating tracts
- 2003
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Ingår i: Glia. - : Wiley. - 0894-1491 .- 1098-1136. ; 41:3, s. 276-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) influences the generation of neurons and glia during embryogenesis and in early postnatal life. In an attempt to determine the consequences of an overexpression of PDGF-B during the first weeks of life, we targeted transgenic expression of a human PDGF-B cDNA to myelinating tracts using the promoter region of the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene. Transgenic mRNA and protein were expressed in the brain and the expression profile of the human PDGF-B during early postnatal development closely paralleled that of the endogenous mouse MBP gene. The gross morphological appearance of transgenic brains was normal but at the cellular level several phenotypic alterations could be identified. In white matter tracts such as the corpus callosum and cerebellar medulla, there was a marked hypercellularity. The number of oligodendrocyte precursors was increased and astrocytes were more abundant. In adult mice carrying the MBP-PDGF-B transgene, however, myelination appeared normal and the amount of oligodendrocytes was similar to that of control littermates. In addition to the phenotypic alterations in the brain, investigation of eye structure revealed a striking disorganization of retinal architecture. The retina was folded with cells collected in papillar or follicular-like structures. Retinal whole mount preparations after India ink perfusion revealed capillary disorganization with large-caliber vessels supporting only a few fine branches. Our observations strengthen the notion that PDGF is an important effector molecule in postnatal CNS development.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Next generation relay autotuners—analysis and implementation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Conference on Control Technologies and Applications (CCTA) 2021. ; , s. 1075-1982
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to produce models for automatic controller tuning, this paper proposes a method that combines a short experiment with a novel scheme for approximating processes using low-order time-delayed models. The method produces models aimed to tune PI and PID controllers, but they could also be used for other model-dependent controllers like MPC. The proposed method has been evaluated in simulations on benchmark processes. It has also been implemented in an industrial controller and tested experimentally on a water-tank process. It is shown that our method is successful in estimating models for a variety of processes such as lag-dominated, delay-dominated, balanced, and integrating processes. We also demonstrate that the experiment time is both shorter and more predictable than currently used autotuners.
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| 8. |
- Holmqvist, Kristian, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in Steering Wheel Rim to Thorax Impacts Using Finite Element Hybrid III and Human Body Models for Heavy Vehicle Frontal Crash Applications
- 2010
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Ingår i: International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. ; , s. 293-296
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A risk of severe injuries from steering wheel rim to thorax contacts has been identified in heavy vehicle frontal collisions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects in changing the steering wheel rim tilt angle on the thorax of the Hybrid III and a human body model THUMS with respect to chest deflection and steering wheel rim contact interaction. It was found that the Hybrid III chest is more sensitive to changes in steering wheel tilt angle than the THUMS.
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| 9. |
- Holmqvist, Kristian, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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EVALUATION OF HYBRID III THORACIC INJURY CRITERIA IN IMPACTS WITH A SIMULATED TRUCK STEERING WHEEL – SUGGESTIONS FOR MODIFICATIONS IN INSTRUMENTATION AND REFERENCE VALUES
- 2009
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Ingår i: International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. ; , s. 201-204
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unbelted drivers of heavy commercial vehicles are likely to suffer chest injuries from steering wheel rim contact in frontal impacts. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent the current regulatory dummy, the Hybrid III, is capable of assessing the chest deflection in this load case. A Finite Element model of the dummy and its default sensors were evaluated together with chest injury criteria. The THUMS was used as a reference representing the human body. Suggestions on instrumentation and correction factors for injury criteria are proposed for use with the Hybrid III.
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| 10. |
- Holmqvist, Kristian, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Heavy vehicle frontal sled crash test analysis chest deflection response in the Hybrid III dummy
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Crashworthiness. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1358-8265 .- 1754-2111. ; 18:2, s. 126-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to analyse the Hybrid III dummy chest loading in heavy vehicle frontal crashes. In total, eight truck front-to-trailer-type sled tests were performed. The Hybrid III, in driver position, was equipped with the chest deflection sensor system RibEye and its standard potentiometer sensor was compared with the RibEye deflection data. The chest impact point was established by using Fuji film impression, as well as from video data. Chest-to-steering wheel rim contact occurred in all tests. Differences in chest loading were found between the Hybrid III dummy reference test and the load case identified in this study, predominantly impact velocity, direction, distribution and location of loading. The steering wheel rim contact is the major contributor to chest deflection. The chest deformation consists of anterior/posterior compression and upward deflection of the sternal plate. The Hybrid III standard chest deflection sensor is not reliable in this load case due to the modes of sternal displacement and the single-point measurement location. Combining the RibEye system with global dummy kinematic data and accurate contact detection is required to fully assess chest deflection. New biomechanical data are needed to adapt the injury risk assessment to the identified load case.
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| 11. |
- Holmqvist, Kristian, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts to the chest of PMHSs – Influence of impact location and loaddistribution on chest response
- 2016
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575. ; 2016:87, s. 148-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chest response of the human body has been studied for several load conditions, but is not well known in the case of steering wheel rim-to-chest impact in heavy goods vehicle frontal collisions. The aim of this study was to determine the response of the human chest in a set of simulated steering wheel impacts. PMHS tests were carried out and analysed. The steering wheel load pattern was represented by a rigid pendulum with a straight bar-shaped front. A crash test dummy chest calibration pendulum was utilised for comparison. In this study, a set of rigid bar impacts were directed at various heights of the chest, spanning approximately 120 mm around the fourth intercostal space. The impact energy was set below a level estimated to cause rib fracture. The analysed results consist of responses, evaluated with respect to differences in the impacting shape and impact heights on compression and viscous criteria chest injury responses. The results showed that the bar impacts consistently produced lesser scaled chest compressions than the hub; the Middle bar responses were around 90 % of the hub responses. A superior bar impact provided lesser chest compression; the average response was 86 % of the Middle bar response. For inferior bar impacts, the chest compression response was 116 % of the chest compression in the middle. The damping properties of the chest caused the compression to decrease in the high speed bar impacts to 88 % of that in low speed impacts. From the analysis it could be concluded that the bar impact shape provides lower chest criteria responses compared to the hub. Further, the bar responses are dependent on the impact location of the chest. Inertial and viscous effects of the upper body affect the responses. The results can be used to assess the responses of human substitutes such as anthropomorphic test devices and finite element human body models, which will benefit the development process of heavy goods vehicle safety systems.
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| 12. |
- Holmqvist, Kristian, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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IMPROVING HYBRID III INJURY ASSESSMENT IN STEERING WHEEL RIM TO CHEST IMPACTS USING RESPONSES FROM FINITE ELEMENT HYBRID III AND HUMAN BODY MODEL
- 2014
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-957X .- 1538-9588. ; 15:2, s. 196-205
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The main aim of this study was to improve the quality of injury risk assessments in steering wheel rim to chest impacts when using the Hybrid III crash test dummy in frontal heavy goods vehicle (HGV) collision tests. Correction factors for chest injury criteria were calculated as the model chest injury parameter ratios between finite element (FE) Hybrid III, evaluated in relevant load cases, and the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS). This is proposed to be used to compensate Hybrid III measurements in crash tests where steering wheel rim to chest impacts occur.Methods: The study was conducted in an FE environment using an FE-Hybrid III model and the THUMS. Two impactor shapes were used, a circular hub and a long, thin horizontal bar. Chest impacts at velocities ranging from 3.0 to 6.0m/s were simulated at 3 impact height levels. A ratio between FE-Hybrid III and THUMS chest injury parameters, maximum chest compression C-max, and maximum viscous criterion VCmax, were calculated for the different chest impact conditions to form a set of correction factors. The definition of the correction factor is based on the assumption that the response from a circular hub impact to the middle of the chest is well characterized and that injury risk measures are independent of impact height. The current limits for these chest injury criteria were used as a basis to develop correction factors that compensate for the limitations in biofidelity of the Hybrid III in steering wheel rim to chest impacts.Results: The hub and bar impactors produced considerably higher C-max and VCmax responses in the THUMS compared to the FE-Hybrid III. The correction factor for the responses of the FE-Hybrid III showed that the criteria responses for the bar impactor were consistently overestimated. Ratios based on Hybrid III and THUMS responses provided correction factors for the Hybrid III responses ranging from 0.84 to 0.93. These factors can be used to estimate C-max and VCmax values when the Hybrid III is used in crash tests for which steering wheel rim to chest interaction occurs.Conclusions: For the FE-Hybrid III, bar impacts caused higher chest deflection compared to hub impacts, although the contrary results were obtained with the more humanlike THUMS. Correction factors were developed that can be used to correct the Hybrid III chest responses. Higher injury criteria capping limits for steering wheel impacts are acceptable. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention to view the supplemental file.
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| 13. |
- Hua, Ay-Yen, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping functions in health-related quality of life: mapping from the Achilles Tendon Rupture Score to the EQ-5D.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347. ; 26:10, s. 3083-3088
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Health state utility values are derived from preference-based measurements and are useful in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which is a metric commonly used in cost-effectiveness studies. The purpose of this study was to convert the Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS) to the preference-based European Quality of Life-5 Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D) by estimating the relationship between the two scores using mapping.Data were collected from a randomised controlled trial, where 100 patients were treated either surgically or non-surgically for Achilles tendon rupture. Forty-three and forty-four patients in surgical group and non-surgical group completed the ATRS and the EQ-5D alongside each other during follow-up at three time points. Different models of the relationship between the ATRS and the EQ-5D were developed and analysed based on direct mapping and cross-validation. The model with the lowest mean absolute error was observed as the one with the best fit.Among the competing models, mapping based on using a combination of the ATRS items four, five, and six associated with limitation due to pain, during activities of daily living and when walking on uneven ground, produced the best predictor of the EQ-5D score.The present study provides a mapping algorithm to enable the derivation of utility values directly from the ATRS. This approach makes it feasible for researchers, as well as medical practitioners, to obtain preference-based values in clinical studies or settings where only the ATRS is being administered. The algorithm allows for the calculation of QALYs for use in cost-effectiveness analyses, making it valuable in the study of acute Achilles tendon ruptures.II.
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| 14. |
- Liang, L, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic readjustment of parental methylation patterns of the 5'-flank ofthe mouse H19 gene during in vitro organogenesis
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of Developmental Biology. - 0214-6282 .- 1696-3547. ; 44, s. 785-790
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gametic marks are stably propagated in order to manifest parent of origin-specific expression patterns of imprinted genes in the developing conceptus. Although the character of the imprint has not yet been fully elucidated, there is compelling evidence that it involves a methylation mark. This is exemplified by a region upstream of the H19 gene, which is not only methylated in a parent of origin-specific manner, but also regulates the silencing of the maternal Igf2 and paternal H19 alleles, respectively. We show here that the parental-specific methylation patterns within the differentially methylated domain (DMD) are perturbed in the soma during in vitro organogenesis. Under these conditions, the paternal DMD allele becomes partially demethylated, whereas the maternal DMD allele gains methylation. Despite these effects, there were no changes in allelic Igf2 or H19 expression patterns in the embryo. Finally, we show that although TSA derepresses the paternal H19 allele in ectoplacental cone when in vitro developed, there is no discernible effect on the methylation status of the paternally inherited 5'-flank in comparison to control samples. Collectively, this data demonstrates that the parental mark is sensitive to a subset of environmental cues and that a certain degree of plasticity of the gametic mark is tolerated without affecting the manifestation of the imprinted state.
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| 15. |
- Linder, Astrid, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Average male and female virtual dummy model (BioRID and EvaRID) simulations with two seat concepts in the Euro NCAP low severity rear impact test configuration
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 114, s. 62-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, the world first virtual model of an average female crash test dummy was developed. In this study, simulations were run with both this model and an average male dummy model, seated in a simplified model of a vehicle seat. The results of the simulations were compared to earlier published results from simulations run in the same test set-up with a vehicle concepts seat. The three crash pulse severities of the Euro NCAP low severity rear impact test were applied. The motion of the neck, head and upper torso were analysed in addition to the accelerations and the Neck Injury Criterion (NIC). Furthermore, the response of the virtual models was compared to the response of volunteers as well as the average male model, to that of the response of a physical dummy model. Simulations with the virtual male and female dummy models revealed differences in dynamic response related to the crash severity, as well as between the two dummies in the two different seat models. For the comparison of the response of the virtual models to the response of the volunteers and the physical dummy model, the peak angular motion of the first thoracic vertebra as found in the volunteer tests and mimicked by the physical dummy were not of the same magnitude in the virtual models.The results of the study highlight the need for an extended test matrix that includes an average female dummy model to evaluate the level of occupant protection different seats provide in vehicle crashes. This would provide developers with an additional tool to ensure that both male and female occupants receive satisfactory protection and promote seat concepts that provide the best possible protection for the whole adult population. This study shows that using the mathematical models available today can provide insights suitable for future testing.
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| 16. |
- Linder, Astrid, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Low severity rear impact simulations with average male and female dummy models in Euro NCAP test configuration
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2015 Australasian Road Safety Conference 14 - 16 October, Gold Coast, Australia.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rear impacts often cause soft tissue neck injuries, also referred to as whiplash injuries, which can lead to long term suffering. These injuries account for more than 60% of the costs of all injuries leading to permanent medical impairment for the insurance companies with respect to injuries sustained in vehicle crashes. Injury statistics have shown that females are subject to a higher risk of sustaining this type of injury than males and that recently developed anti-whiplash systems protect females less than males. In this study, simulations were run with both an average male and a recently developed average female dummy model seated in a vehicle seat. The three crash pulse severities of the Euro NCAP low severity rear impact test were applied. The motion of the neck, head and upper torso were analysed in addition to the accelerations and neck injury criterion, NIC.
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| 17. |
- Linder, Astrid, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Simulations with average male and female dummy models with two seat concepts in the Euro NCAP low severity rear impact test configuration
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 17th International Conference Road Safety On Five Continents (RS5C 2016), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 17-19 May 2016. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soft tissue neck injuries, also referred to as whiplash injuries, which can lead to long term suffering are most common in rear impacts. These injuries account for more than 60% of the cost of all injuries leading to permanent medical impairment for the insurance companies with respect to injuries sustained in vehicle crashes. Injury statistics have since the mid-1960s consistently shown that females are subject to a higher risk of sustaining this type of injury than males, on average twice the risk of injury. Furthermore, recently developed anti-whiplash systems have shown to protect females less than males. The diversity of males and females should be addresses when designing and evaluating vehicle safety systems to ensure maximum safety for everyone. This is currently not the case. The norm for crash test dummies representing humans in crash test laboratories is an average male. The female part of the population is not represented in tests performed by consumer information organisations such as NCAP due to the absence of a physical dummy representing an average female. Recently, the world first virtual model of an average female crash test dummy was developed. In this study, simulations were run with both an average male, and the recently developed average female dummy model, seated in a laboratory vehicle seat. The results of the simulations were compared to earlier published results from the same test set-up with a vehicle concepts seat. The three crash pulse severities of the Euro NCAP low severity rear impact test were applied. The motion of the neck, head and upper torso were analysed in addition to the accelerations and the Neck Injury Criterion (NIC). Furthermore, the response of the virtual models was compared to that volunteers and for the average male model, to that of the response of a physical dummy model. Simulations with the male and the female dummy models revealed differences related to the crash severity, as well as between the two dummies in different crash severities in two different seats. For the comparison of the response of the virtual models to the response of the volunteers and the physical dummy model, the peak angular motion of first thoracic vertebra as found in the volunteer tests and mimicked by the physical dummy were not of the same magnitude in the virtual models.
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| 18. |
- Lundberg, Valeria, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Converting a kraft pulp mill into a multi-product biorefinery – Part 2: Economical aspects
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. - 2000-0669 .- 0283-2631. ; 28:4, s. 489-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conversion into dissolving pulp production is an interesting pathway for kraft pulp mills experiencing decreasing marginal revenues. In this two-part study, the technical and economic consequences of the conversion have been investigated.In Part 1, the energy aspects of converting into dissolving pulp production were studied, as well as the consequences on the by-product and pulp production capacity of the converted mill.In this paper, the economic performance of different process configurations is evaluated. Our results indicate that the price of dissolving pulp and the pulp production capacity of the mill have the largest influence on the overall profitability. Accordingly, in order to achieve high profitability, it is necessary to debottleneck the mill’s capacity for pulp production. Debottlenecking the recovery boiler by upgrading capacity and increasing power generation requires large investments and downtime costs but can be profitable if the price of electricity is high. Debottlenecking by means of lignin separation can nevertheless be more interesting if lignin is valued high or if investment capital is limited. Regardless of the way the recovery boiler is debottlenecked, a higher level of heat integration is always more attractive than a lower, simpler level of heat integration.
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| 19. |
- Lundberg, Valeria, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Converting a kraft pulp mill into a multi-product biorefinery: techno-economic analysis of a case mill
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-954X .- 1618-9558. ; 16:7, s. 1411-1422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this case study, we investigated the conversion of an existing Swedish kraft pulp mill to the production of dissolving pulp, with export of electricity, lignin, and a hemicellulose stream suitable for upgrading. By increasing the level of heat integration of the mill, it was possible to achieve self-sufficiency in terms of steam and to produce significant amounts of excess steam. The excess steam could facilitate the integration of a lignin separation plant or be used for power generation. The production of dissolving pulp requires a higher input of wood that is required for the same level of pulp production as is achieved with kraft pulp. For the studied mill, the batch digester was the main limitation for pulp production. Nevertheless, if the digester capacity was increased, then the level of pulp production could be maintained. In addition, the recovery boiler, causticization plant, and evaporation plant had sufficient capacities for preserving the same production level upon conversion, and could easily be upgraded to a certain degree through relatively simple measures for an increase in pulp production. However, increasing pulp production beyond that limit required extensive upgrades or investments in new equipment, which negatively affected annual earnings. Annual earnings were found to be also dependent upon the level of heat integration, type of by-product, and the costs for lignin and electricity. However, our results suggest that the optimal process configuration is more dependent upon other factors, such as the long-term vision of the company and policy instruments.
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| 20. |
- Lundh, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Model optimization for autotuners in industrial control systems
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). - 9781728129891 ; , s. 1-4
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automatic tuning of PID controllers using relay feedback experiments has received attention on and off since it was first proposed and industrially implemented in a control system in the 1980s. While optimal experiment design and modern system identification easily outperform the original automatic tuner, they rely on computational resources that are not always available in industrial control systems. Here we present a combination of experiment and subsequent output-error identification of continuoustime first-order time-delayed (FOTD) system models, that requires very little in terms of computations and memory. The method has been extensively evaluated in simulation, and a prototype has been implemented for the ABB AC 800M controller family.
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| 21. |
- Orhan, F., et al.
(författare)
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Tryptophan Metabolism Along the Kynurenine Pathway Downstream of Toll-like Receptor Stimulation in Peripheral Monocytes
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 84:5, s. 262-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tryptophan degradation along the kynurenine pathway is of central importance for the immune function. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), representing the first line of immune defence against pathogens, are expressed in various cell types. The most abundant expression is found on monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether stimulation with different TLR ligands induces the kynurenine pathway in human peripheral monocytes. Cell supernatants were analysed using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to measure kynurenine, kynurenic acid (KYNA), quinolinic acid (QUIN) and tryptophan. Stimulation of TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4, TLR-7/8 and TLR-9 was found to induce the production of kynurenine, but only stimulation of TLR-3 increased levels of further downstream metabolites, such as KYNA and QUIN. Stimulation of TLR-1, TLR-5 and TLR-6 did not induce the kynurenine pathway. Taken together, this study provides novel evidence demonstrating that TLR activation induces a pattern of downstream tryptophan degradation along the kynurenine pathway in monocytes. The results of this study may implicate that TLRs can be used as new drug targets for the regulation of aberrant tryptophan metabolism along this pathway, a potential therapeutic strategy that may be of importance in several disorders.
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| 22. |
- Rolf Ohlsson, Kristian Svensson, Hengmi Cui, Helena Malmikumpu and Gail Adam
(författare)
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Allele-specific in situ hybridisation (ASISH)
- 2001
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Ingår i: Methods in Molecular Biology: Genomic imprinting. - : Totowa, New Jersey, USA, Humana Press. ; , s. 153-169
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
- Sato Sakayachi, Fusako, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Average-sized male and female rear-impact dummy models in simulations of real world cases addressing sensitivity in Whiplash associated disorder assessment
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI. - 2235-3151. ; 2017-September, s. 623-641
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in motion and load responses between the EvaRID and BioRID finite element models by reconstructing real world accidents in order to assess ATD-specific injury assessment reference values for female and male occupants. Four rear-impact crash cases in cars equipped with the same type of front seats were selected from the Folksam accident database. The cars were fitted with crash recorders and the crash pulses were accessed together with occupant data, including neck injury severity. The Whiplash Associated Disorder injury outcomes reported in the crash data were more severe for female occupants than male occupants. The accident reconstruction simulations were conducted by applying the crash pulse to a finite element model of the seat. The analysis showed that neck injury criteria values were lower for the EvaRID than the BioRID. During an impact, kinematic response differences due to differences in body size, geometry, weight distribution, joint stiffness and mass were observed between the EvaRID and BioRID, which may all contribute to the lower neck injury criteria values for the EvaRID. The accident reconstruction analyses indicated a need of separate injury criteria thresholds for each gender to assess the risk of sustaining Whiplash Associated Disorders for both male and female occupants. The method used in this study could be used on a larger amount of cases in order to establish the threshold values for females as has been established for males.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Schukfeh, Muhammed Ihab, et al.
(författare)
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Conductance Enhancement of InAs/InP Heterostructure Nanowires by Surface Functionalization with Oligo(phenylene vinylene)s
- 2013
-
Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 7:5, s. 4111-4118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the electronic transport through 3 mu m long, 45 nm diameter InAs nanowires comprising a 5 nm long InP segment as electronic barrier. After assembly of 12 nm long oligo(phenylene vinylene) derivative molecules onto these InAs/InP nanowires, we observed a pronounced, nonlinear I-V characteristic with significantly increased currents of up to 1 mu A at 1 V bias, for a back-gate voltage of 3 V. As supported by our model calculations based on a nonequilibrium Green Function approach, we attribute this effect to charge transport through those surface-bound molecules, which electrically bridge both InAs regions across the embedded InP barrier.
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| 26. |
- Seersholm, Frederik Valeur, et al.
(författare)
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Repeated plague infections across six generations of Neolithic Farmers
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the period between 5,300 and 4,900 calibratedyears before present (cal. bp), populations across large parts of Europe underwent a period of demographic decline1,2. However, the cause of this so-called Neolithic decline is still debated. Some argue for an agricultural crisis resulting in the decline3, others for the spread of an early form of plague4. Here we use population-scale ancient genomics to infer ancestry, social structure and pathogen infection in 108 Scandinavian Neolithic individuals from eight megalithic graves and a stone cist. We find that the Neolithic plague was widespread, detected in at least 17% of the sampled population and across large geographical distances. We demonstrate that the disease spread within the Neolithic community in three distinct infection events within a period of around 120 years. Variant graph-based pan-genomics shows that the Neolithic plague genomes retained ancestral genomic variation present in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, including virulence factors associated with disease outcomes. In addition, we reconstruct four multigeneration pedigrees, the largest of which consists of 38 individuals spanning six generations, showing a patrilineal social organization. Lastly, we document direct genomic evidence for Neolithic female exogamy in a woman buried in a different megalithic tomb than her brothers. Taken together, our findings provide a detailed reconstruction of plague spread within a large patrilineal kinship group and identify multiple plague infections in a population dated to the beginning of the Neolithic decline.
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| 27. |
- Svanström, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Use of liraglutide and risk of major cardiovascular events: a register-based cohort study in Denmark and Sweden.
- 2019
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Ingår i: The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. - 2213-8595. ; 7:2, s. 106-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trial evidence shows that the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide significantly reduces the risk of major cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes who have established cardiovascular disease or are at high cardiovascular risk. We aimed to assess the cardiovascular effectiveness of liraglutide in routine clinical practice.We used data from nationwide registers in Denmark and Sweden for the period from Jan 1, 2010, to Dec 31, 2016, to investigate the risk of major cardiovascular events associated with use of liraglutide, compared with an active comparator drug class, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, in patients with type 2 diabetes. The cohort included incident users of liraglutide or DPP-4 inhibitors, who were also using metformin at baseline, matched 1:1 on age, sex, and propensity score. The main outcome was major cardiovascular events, a composite outcome consisting of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Other outcomes assessed were the individual components of the main composite outcome, heart failure, death from any cause, and an expanded composite major cardiovascular events outcome that also included other ischaemic heart disease, coronary revascularisation, and peripheral arterial disease.The study population consisted of 23402 users of liraglutide and 23402 matched users of DPP-4 inhibitors; patients were followed up for a mean of 3·3 years (SD 2·0). A major cardiovascular event occurred in 1132 users of liraglutide (incidence rate 14·0 per 1000 person-years) and in 1141 users of DPP-4 inhibitors (15·4 per 1000 person-years; hazard ratio [HR] 0·90, 95% CI 0·83-0·98). The HRs were 0·81 (0·71-0·92) for patients with a history of major cardiovascular disease and 0·96 (0·86-1·06) for patients without such a history (p=0·057 [test of homogeneity], suggesting no statistical evidence of heterogeneity). Compared with use of DPP-4 inhibitors, use of liraglutide was associated with a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular death (HR 0·78, 95% CI 0·68-0·91), but no significant differences were identified for risk of myocardial infarction (0·94, 0·84-1·06) or stroke (0·88, 0·77-1·01). Furthermore, use of liraglutide was associated with a significantly lower risk of death from any cause (HR 0·83, 95% CI 0·77-0·90), but no significant differences were identified for risk of heart failure (0·90, 0·80-1·03) or for the expanded major cardiovascular events outcome (0·95, 0·89-1·01).In this large Scandinavian cohort, use of liraglutide, as compared with use of DPP-4 inhibitors, was associated with significantly reduced risk of major cardiovascular events. Patients with history of cardiovascular disease seemed to derive the largest benefit from treatment with liraglutide. These data provide support for the cardiovascular effectiveness of liraglutide in routine clinical practice.Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, and Swedish Society for Medical Research.
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| 28. |
- Svensson, Kristian
(författare)
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Gene silencing and expression during mammalian development : The special case of the imprinted H19 gene
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Embryonic development consists of a vast number of fine-tuned, complex processesthat organise the body plan and individual organs. To enable developmental decisions,genes pivotal for normal development must be stably activated and silenced, asappropriate. Imprinted genes are exclusively expressed from the paternal or the maternalallele, such that one allele is activated and the opposite allele silenced in the same cell,illustrating an excellent example of epigenetic silencing.We investigated H19, a putative tumour suppresser gene, which is highly expressedduring embryonic and foetal development, exclusively from the maternal allele. A novelmethod, allele-specific in situ hybridisation (ASISH), was developed to examine allelespecific activation/silencing events during early mouse development and in experimentalsystems. In order to understand the function of the H19 gene, we also investigated post-transcriptional regulation processes, as well as potential roles for the H19 transcript.We were able to show that the H19 gene can be expressed from the same chromosome as Igf2 in the choroid plexus of the mouse, contrary to previous suggestions.We also found that the silencing of the paternal H19 allele is stepwise, leading to avariegated expression pattern during early mouse development. The manifestation of theimprinting status of H19 involves deacetylation of histones, since the silencing of thepaternal HI9 allele could be prevented by trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histonedeacetylases. Collectively, the results suggest an analogy between genomic imprintingand position-effect variegation in Drosophila.We have also discovered a novel splice variant of the H19 transcript which isgenotype-specific. Moreover, we document that the genotype and epigenotype synergiseto control the expression of the splice variant. It was also shown that H19 transcript isassociated with polysomes and may control expression of the IGF2 gene in trans.The first experimental link between genomic imprinting and the fetal alcohol syndrome was also documented, since the ethanol metabolite, acetaldehyde perturbs the manifestation of the H19 impritning status during early mouse development.
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| 29. |
- Svensson, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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H19 is imprinted in the choroid plexus and leptomeninges of the mouse foetus
- 1995
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Ingår i: Mechanisms of Development. - 0925-4773 .- 1872-6356. ; 51:1, s. 31-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been proposed that either the Igf-2 gene or the H19 gene — but not both — can be expressed from a given chromosome. Igf-2 is known to be biallelically expressed in the choroid plexus and leptomeninges, however, raising the question of whether H19 is down-regulated or absent there. We found by in situ hybridization that H19 is indeed expressed in the choroid plexus and leptomeninges of the developing mouse foetus. Comparison with the expression pattern of Igf-2 showed that the genes are coexpressed in all areas, with the exception of the choroid plexus epithelium. To evaluate whether H19 is also biallelically expressed in these tissues, we microdissected embryos from interspecific crosses and performed RNAse protection analysis on the isolated RNA. This revealed that H19 maintains its imprint in the choroid plexus/leptomeninges, being transcribed from the maternal allele at a level comparable to that in normal liver. We discuss the significance of these results for current models of Igf-2 and H19 imprinting.
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| 30. |
- Svensson, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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The paternal allele of the H19 gene is silenced in a stepwise manner duringearly mouse development: the acetylation status of histones mya be involved in the generation of variegated expression patter
- 1998
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Ingår i: Development. - 0950-1991 .- 1477-9129. ; 125:1, s. 61-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transcriptional silencing can reflect heritable, epigenetic inactivation of genes, either singly or in groups, during the life-time of an organism. This phenomenon is exemplified by parent-of-origin-specific inactivation events (genomic imprinting) for a subset of mammalian autosomal genes, such as H19. Very little is known, however, about the timing and mechanism(s) of silencing of the paternal H19 allele during mouse development. Using a novel in situ approach, we present evidence that the silencing of the paternal H19 allele is progressive in the trophectodermal lineage during early mouse development and generates variegated expression patterns. The silencing process apparently involves recruitment of histone deacetylases since the mosaic paternal-specific H19 expression reappears in trichostatin A-treated mouse conceptuses, undergoing in vitro organogenesis. Moreover, the paternal H19 alleles of PatDup.d7 placentas, in which a region encompassing the H19 locus of chromosome 7 is bipaternally derived, partially escape the silencing process and are expressed in a variegated manner. We suggest that allele-specific silencing of H19 share some common features with chromatin-mediated silencing in position-effect variegation.
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| 31. |
- Svensson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Desmopressin in treatment of haematological disorders and in prevention of surgical bleeding.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Blood Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1681 .- 0268-960X. ; 28:3, s. 95-102
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stimulation with the vasopressin analogue desmopressin (DDAVP) of extrarenal arginine vasopressin (AVP) V2-receptors in endothelial cells and possible in platelets increases the circulating levels of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor (VWF) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated review of current information on the efficacy and safety of DDAVP in the treatment of haemophilia, von Willebrand disease (VWD), uremia, liver cirrhosis, and in congenital or drug-induced platelet dysfunction - under surgical or non-surgical conditions. In summary, desmopressin is an effective haemostatic drug that when administered i.v., s.c. or intranasally increases plasma levels of FVIII and VWF 2-6 times and improves platelet function. It has a proven haemostatic efficacy in mild haemophilia A and VWD as well as in uremia, liver cirrhosis and in congenital and acquired, drug induced platelet dysfunction. Desmopressin has few side effects but observation is advised in small children and elderly.
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| 32. |
- Törnvall, Fredrik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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A New THOR Shoulder Design: A Comparison with Volunteers, the Hybrid III and THOR NT
- 2007
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - 1538-957X .- 1538-9588. ; 8:3, s. 211-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Since the shoulders are rarely seriously injured in frontal or oblique collisions, they have been given low priority in the development of frontal impact crash test dummies. The shoulder complex geometry and its kinematics are of vital importance for the overall dummy kinematics. The shoulder complex also influences the risk of the safety belt slipping off the shoulder in oblique forward collisions. The first aim of this study was to develop a new 50th percentile male THOR shoulder design while the second was to compare the new shoulder, mounted on a THOR NT dummy, with volunteer, THOR NT and Hybrid III range-of-motion and stiffness data. The third aim was to test the repeatability of the new shoulder during dynamic testing and to see how the design behaves with respect to belt slippage in a 45° far-side collision.Methods The new 50th percentile THOR shoulder design was developed with the aid of a shell model of the seated University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) 50th percentile male with coordinates for joints and bony landmarks (Schneider et al., 1983). The new shoulder design has human-like bony landmarks for the acromion and coracoid processes. The clavicle curvature and length are also made similar to that of a male human, as is the range-of-motion in the anterior-posterior, superior-inferior and medial-lateral directions. The new shoulder design was manufactured and tested under the same conditions that Törnvall et al. (2005b) used to compare the shoulder range-of-motion for the volunteers, Hybrid III and THOR Alpha. The new design was also tested in two dynamic test configurations: the first was a 0° full-frontal test and the second was a 45° far-side test. The dummy tests were conducted with an R-16 seat with a three-point belt, the ΔV was 27.0 ±0.5 km/h and the maximum peak acceleration was approximately 14.6 ±0.5 g for each test.Results A new shoulder design with geometry close to that of humans was developed to be retrofitted to the THOR NT dummy. The results showed that the range-of-motion for the new shoulder complex during static loading was larger by at least a factor of three, for the maximum load (200 N/arm), than that of either the Hybrid III or the THOR NT; this means it was more similar to the volunteers’ range-of-motion. It was observed that the THOR NT with the new shoulder did not slide out of the shoulder-belt during a far-side collision. The performance of the new shoulder was reasonably repeatable and stable during both the static tests and the sled tests.Conclusions A new shoulder for the THOR NT has been designed and developed, and data from static range-of-motion tests and sled tests indicate that the new shoulder complex has the potential to function in a more human-like manner on the THOR dummy.
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| 33. |
- Törnvall, Fredrik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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A New THOR Shoulder Design: Its Range-of-Motion in Comparison with Volunteers, the Hybrid III and THOR NT
- 2006
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Ingår i: International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. ; , s. 409-412
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for dummies that mimic crash victims kinematics in oblique and offset frontal collisions. Improved seatbelt-to-dummy interaction in crash testing is also desirable. Hence, a new THOR shoulder was developed and evaluated in comparison with volunteers, the Hybrid III and THOR NT shoulder range-of-motion. The new shoulder has human-like bony landmarks, clavicle curvature and length, and joints. The evaluation showed that the range-of-motion for the static loading of the new shoulder was similar to that of the volunteers. This was not so for the Hybrid III and THOR NT. The data indicates that the new shoulder design can provide more human-like shoulder motions in a crash test.
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| 34. |
- Törnvall, Fredrik, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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EVALUATION OF DUMMY SHOULDER KINEMATICS IN OBLIQUE FRONTAL COLLISIONS
- 2008
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Ingår i: IRCOBI. - 9783033015807 ; , s. 195-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study evaluates shoulder kinematics of the Hybrid III and THOR NT, with the firstversion of a new shoulder design (SD-1), in 45° far-side, full frontal and 30° near-side collisions. Intotal eleven dummy tests were conducted in the three collision angles, while film and instrument datawere generated and compared with those of PMHS data from Törnvall (2008). For the 45° far-sideimpact, the THOR SD-1NT dummy retained the shoulder belt on the shoulder during on-loading, as didthe PMHSs, whereas the THOR NT did not. In the 30° near-side impact,
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Westin, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness analysis of surgical versus non-surgical management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347. ; 26:10, s. 3074-3082
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An Achilles tendon rupture is a common injury that typically affects people in the middle of their working lives. The injury has a negative impact in terms of both morbidity for the individual and the risk of substantial sick leave. The aim of this study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of surgical compared with non-surgical management in patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture.One hundred patients (86 men, 14 women; mean age, 40years) with an acute Achilles tendon rupture were randomised (1:1) to either surgical treatment or non-surgical treatment, both with an accelerated rehabilitation protocol (surgical n=49, non-surgical n=51). One of the surgical patients was excluded due to a partial re-rupture and five surgical patients were lost to the 1-year economic follow-up. One patient was excluded due to incorrect inclusion and one was lost to the 1-year follow-up in the non-surgical group. The cost was divided into direct and indirect costs. The direct cost is the actual cost of health care, whereas the indirect cost is the production loss related to the impact of the patient's injury in terms of lost ability to work. The health benefits were assessed using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Sampling uncertainty was assessed by means of non-parametric boot-strapping.Pre-injury, the groups were comparable in terms of demographic data and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The mean cost of surgical management was €7332 compared with €6008 for non-surgical management (p=0.024). The mean number of QALYs during the 1-year time period was 0.89 and 0.86 in the surgical and non-surgical groups respectively. The (incremental) cost-effectiveness ratio was €45,855. Based on bootstrapping, the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve shows that the surgical treatment is 57% likely to be cost-effective at a threshold value of €50,000 per QALY.Surgical treatment was more expensive compared with non-surgical management. The cost-effectiveness results give a weak support (57% likelihood) for the surgical treatment to be cost-effective at a willingness to pay per QALY threshold of €50,000. This is support for surgical treatment; however, additionally cost-effectiveness studies alongside RCTs are important to clarify which treatment option is preferred from a cost-effectiveness perspective.I.
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| 37. |
- Zhang, Xiao-Qun, et al.
(författare)
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Specific expression in mouse mesoderm- and neural crest-derived tissues of a human PDGFRA promoter/lacZ transgene
- 1998
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Ingår i: Mechanisms of Development. - 0925-4773 .- 1872-6356. ; 70:1-2, s. 167-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The platelet-derived growth factor alpha-receptor (PDGFR-alpha) displays a lineage-specific expression pattern in the mouse embryo and is required for normal development of mesoderm and cephalic neural crest derivatives. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the in vivo promoter function of genomic DNA fragments representing the 5'-flanking part of the human PDGFRA gene. 2.2, 0.9 and 0.4 kb PDGFRA promoter fragments, ligated to a lacZ reporter gene, were microinjected into fertilized mouse eggs and transgenic mouse lines were established. The expression patterns were basically similar in the 2.2 and 0.9 kb lines and overlapped grossly the endogenous Pdgfra gene expression pattern. The transgenic line with the highest expression level was chosen for detailed analysis. Expression was, as expected, mainly confined to tissues of mesodermal and neural crest origin. No expression was found in epithelial tissues of endo- or ectodermal origin. The promoter fragments were also active in neuroepithelium and in certain neuronal cell types that did not faithfully express PDGFR-alpha mRNA, while they failed to specify reporter expression in PDGFR-alpha expressing O-2A progenitor cells and other glial elements of the central nervous system. Thus, the isolated human PDGFRA promoter contains most but not all of the regulatory elements that are necessary to establish tissue specific gene expression during development.
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