| 1. |
- Abel, I, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET results with the ITER-like wall
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10, s. 104002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the completion in May 2011 of the shutdown for the installation of the beryllium wall and the tungsten divertor, the first set of JET campaigns have addressed the investigation of the retention properties and the development of operational scenarios with the new plasma-facing materials. The large reduction in the carbon content (more than a factor ten) led to a much lower Z(eff) (1.2-1.4) during L- and H-mode plasmas, and radiation during the burn-through phase of the plasma initiation with the consequence that breakdown failures are almost absent. Gas balance experiments have shown that the fuel retention rate with the new wall is substantially reduced with respect to the C wall. The re-establishment of the baseline H-mode and hybrid scenarios compatible with the new wall has required an optimization of the control of metallic impurity sources and heat loads. Stable type-I ELMy H-mode regimes with H-98,H-y2 close to 1 and beta(N) similar to 1.6 have been achieved using gas injection. ELM frequency is a key factor for the control of the metallic impurity accumulation. Pedestal temperatures tend to be lower with the new wall, leading to reduced confinement, but nitrogen seeding restores high pedestal temperatures and confinement. Compared with the carbon wall, major disruptions with the new wall show a lower radiated power and a slower current quench. The higher heat loads on Be wall plasma-facing components due to lower radiation made the routine use of massive gas injection for disruption mitigation essential.
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| 2. |
- Ahlinder, Jon, et al.
(författare)
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Increased knowledge of Francisella genus diversity highlights the benefits of optimised DNA-based assays
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 12, s. 220-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent advances in sequencing technologies offer promising tools for generating large numbers of genomes, larger typing databases and improved mapping of environmental bacterial diversity. However, DNA-based methods for the detection of Francisella were developed with limited knowledge about genetic diversity. This, together with the high sequence identity between several Francisella species, means there is a high risk of false identification and detection of the highly virulent pathogen Francisella tularensis. Moreover, phylogenetic reconstructions using single or limited numbers of marker sequences often result in incorrect tree topologies and inferred evolutionary distances. The recent growth in publicly accessible whole-genome sequences now allows evaluation of published genetic markers to determine optimal combinations of markers that minimise both time and laboratory costs. Results: In the present study, we evaluated 38 previously published DNA markers and the corresponding PCR primers against 42 genomes representing the currently known diversity of the genus Francisella. The results highlight that PCR assays for Francisella tularensis are often complicated by low specificity, resulting in a high probability of false positives. A method to select a set of one to seven markers for obtaining optimal phylogenetic resolution or diagnostic accuracy is presented. Conclusions: Current multiple-locus sequence-typing systems and detection assays of Francisella, could be improved by redesigning some of the primers and reselecting typing markers. The use of only a few optimally selected sequence-typing markers allows construction of phylogenetic topologies with almost the same accuracy as topologies based on whole-genome sequences.
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| 3. |
- Alirani, Gertrud, 1976-
(författare)
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Miljöintegrering i praktisk tillämpning : En policystudie av två lokala stadsutvecklingsprocesser
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dealing with environmental problems has become one of the most challenging political issues of our time. Since the Brundtland report in 1987, environmental policy integration (EPI) that is, the mainstreaming of environmental issues in all policy sectors has emerged as a viable policy solution. This has meant that responsibility for implementing environmental policy rests to a large extent on local authorities where environmental problems with both local and global consequences are expected to be handled. However, there is still a disagreement on what EPI means in day-to-day decision making. With a theoretical framework drawing from theory on policy change, policy entrepreneurship and the neoinstitutional “logic of appropriateness” the aim of this dissertation is to analyze how the integration of environmental considerations manifests itself in local policy processes, highlighting what factors foster or hinder EPI. To reach this aim, I have followed two urban development processes in Kristianstad. This research offers insights on how EPI varies through the policy process and how focus is placed mainly on certain environmental issues and chiefly defined as of local importance. My study suggest that arenas for coordination are critical to overcoming the perceived “gap” between EPI on a strategic level and its implementation. This can help to clarify responsibility allocation among bureaucrats and their leeway for interpretation when new issues comes up continuously during the processes and affect the conditions for EPI. Furthermore, the dissertation gives insights on how acting “entrepreneurially” can enable an environmental issue to be included and given priority. This can also be a barrier if the ones acting entrepreneurially are not part of the entire process because the issue might receive less attention. In addition, if too much attention is given to one issue it might overshadow other environmental issues. Conversely, acting according to “the logic of appropriateness” can enable EPI by enhancing a more all-encompassing perspective on environmental considerations and also function as a cautious approach to radical change by preventing measures taken in absence of democratic legitimacy. By using the two theoretical perspectives, “entrepreneurial” and “appropriate” agency, this dissertation offers important insights into how different ways of acting interact and affect EPI and its outcome.
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| 4. |
- Allen, Rodney, et al.
(författare)
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Setting of Zn-Cu-Au-Ag massive sulfide deposits in the evolution and facies architecture of a 1.9 Ga marine volcanic arc : Skellefte district, Sweden
- 1996
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Ingår i: Economic geology and the bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists. - : Society of Economic Geologists. - 0361-0128 .- 1554-0774. ; 91:6, s. 1022-1053
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skellefte mining district occurs in an Early Proterozoic, mainly 1.90-1.87 Ga (Svecofennian) magmatic province of low to medium metamorphic grade in the Baltic Shield in northern Sweden. The district contains over 85 pyritic Zn-Cu-Au-Ag massive sulfide deposits and a few vein Au deposits and subeconomic porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits, The massive sulfide deposits mainly occur within, and especially along the top of: a regional felsic-dominant volcanic unit attributed to a stage of intense, extensional, continental margin are volcanism. From facies analysis we interpret the paleogeography of this stage to have comprised many scattered islands and shallow-water areas. surrounded by deeper seas. All the major massive sulfide ores occur in below-wave base facies associations: however, some ores occur close to stratigraphic intervals of above-wave base facies associations, and the summits of some volcanoes that host massive sulfides emerged above sea level. Intense marine volcanism was superceded at different times in different parts of tile district by a stage of reduced volcanism, uplift resulting in subregional disconformities, and then differential uplift and subsidence resulting in a complex horst and graben paleogeography. Uplift of the are is attributed to the relaxation of crustal extension and the emplacement of granitoids to shallow crustal levels. A few massive sulfide ores formed within the basal strata of this second stage. The horst and graben system was filled by prograding fluvial-deltaic sediments and mainly mafic lavas, and during this stage the Skellefte district was a transitional area between renewed are volcanism of more continental character to the north, and subsidence and basinal mudstone-turbidite sedimentation to the south. This whole volcanotectonic cycle occurred within 10 to 15 m.y. We define 26 main volcanic, sedimentary, and intrusive facies in the Skellefte district. The most abundant facies are (1) normal-graded pumiceous breccias, which are interpreted as syneruptive subaqueous mass flow units of pyroclastic debris, (2) porphyritic intrusions, and (3) mudstone and sandstone turbidites. Facies associations define seven main volcano types, which range from basaltic shields to andesite cones and rhyolite calderas. Despite this diversity of volcano types, most massive sulfide ol es are associated with one volcano type: subaqueous rhyolite cryptodome-tuff volcanoes. These rhyolite volcanoes are 2 to 10 km in diameter, 250 to 1,200 m thick at the center, and are characterized by a small to moderate volume rhyolitic pyroclastic unit, intruded by rhyolite cryptodomes, sills, and dikes. Massive sulfide ores occur near the top of the proximal (near vent) facies association The remarkable coincidence in space and time between the ores and this volcano type indicates an intimate, genetic relationship between the ores and the magmatic evolution of the volcanoes.Many of the massive sulfide ores occur within rapidly emplaced volcaniclastic facies and are interpreted to have formed by infiltration and replacement of these facies. Some of the ore deposits have characteristics of both marine massive sulfides and subaerial epithelial deposits. We suggest that massive sulfides in the Skellefte district span a range in ore deposit style from deep-water sea floor ores, to subsea-floor replacements, to shallow-water and possible subaerial synvolcanic replacements. Facies models are provided for the mineralized rhyolite volcanoes and volcanological guides are provided for exploration for blind ores within these volcanoes.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Extinction of conditioned blink responses by cerebello-olivary pathway stimulation
- 2007
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 18:14, s. 1479-1482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning of classically conditioned eyeblink responses depends on mechanisms within the cerebellum. It has been suggested that climbing fibres from the inferior olive transmit the unconditioned stimulus signal to the cerebellum. We have previously shown that the pathway from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the inferior olive inhibits olivary activity. It is known that repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus on its own leads to extinction of the conditioned response. If the unconditioned stimulus signal is transmitted to the cerebellum via the inferior olive - climbing fibre system then stimulation of the nucleo-olivary pathway just before the unconditioned stimulus in a trained animal should lead to extinction. The results from this investigation confirm this.
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Feedback control of Purkinje cell activity by the cerebello-olivary pathway.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neuroscience. - : Wiley. - 1460-9568 .- 0953-816X. ; 20:11, s. 2999-3005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pathway from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the inferior olive, the source of the climbing fibre input to the cerebellum, inhibits olivary transmission. As climbing fibre activity can depress the background firing of the Purkinje cells, it was suggested that nucleo-olivary (N–O) inhibition is a negative feedback mechanism for regulating Purkinje cell excitability. This suggestion was investigated, in a set-up with decerebrate ferrets, both by blocking and by stimulating cerebellar output while recording Purkinje cell activity. Blocking the N–O pathway was followed by an increased climbing fibre activity and a dramatic reduction in simple spike firing. Stimulation of the N–O fibres depressed climbing fibre responses and caused an increase in simple spike firing. These results are taken as support for the feedback hypothesis.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Chorell, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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A Multivariate Screening Strategy for Investigating Metabolic Effects of Strenuous Physical Exercise in Human Serum
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society. - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 6:6, s. 2113-2120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel hypothesis-free multivariate screening methodology for the study of human exercise metabolism in blood serum is presented. Serum gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS) data was processed using hierarchical multivariate curve resolution (H-MCR), and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to model the systematic variation related to the acute effect of strenuous exercise. Potential metabolic biomarkers were identified using data base comparisons. Extensive validation was carried out including predictive H-MCR, 7-fold full cross-validation, and predictions for the OPLS-DA model, variable permutation for highlighting interesting metabolites, and pairwise t tests for examining the significance of metabolites. The concentration changes of potential biomarkers were verified in the raw GC/TOFMS data. In total, 420 potential metabolites were resolved in the serum samples. On the basis of the relative concentrations of the 420 resolved metabolites, a valid multivariate model for the difference between pre- and post-exercise subjects was obtained. A total of 34 metabolites were highlighted as potential biomarkers, all statistically significant (p < 8.1E-05). As an example, two potential markers were identified as glycerol and asparagine. The concentration changes for these two metabolites were also verified in the raw GC/TOFMS data.The strategy was shown to facilitate interpretation and validation of metabolic interactions in human serum as well as revealing the identity of potential markers for known or novel mechanisms of human exercise physiology. The multivariate way of addressing metabolism studies can help to increase the understanding of the integrative biology behind, as well as unravel new mechanistic explanations in relation to, exercise physiology.
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| 13. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Große, Christine, Fil.Dr, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience Endangered : The Role of Regional Airports in Remote Areas in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Infrastructures. - : MDPI AG. - 2412-3811. ; 6:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the role of regional airports in regional and municipal crisis preparedness based on evidence from a case study in Sweden. During the summer of 2018, Sweden experienced some of the most extensive wildfires in modern time. Aerial suppression, for which airports provided the essential preconditions, played an important role in extinguishing these fires. This study includes analyses of public policies that shape the Swedish airport system as well as evidence from interviews and a workshop with stakeholders. The results show that an efficiently operated network of regional airports is critical not only for crisis management but also to ensure important societal services such as health care in sparsely inhabited regions. Moreover, access toquick transportation by air is necessary for the Swedish Prison and Probation Service, tourism industry, public institutions and private businesses. Additionally intensified by effects of both the public debate on flight shame and the COVID-19 pandemic on air-based transportation, the insights arising from this study emphasise that the currently one-sided focus on the number of passengers is an insufficient foundation for the Swedish airport system to construct a resilient base for regional development, crisis management and civil defense.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hambraeus, Mette, et al.
(författare)
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Functional outcome and health-related quality of life in patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma – a Swedish multicenter study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3468 .- 1531-5037. ; 54:8, s. 1638-1643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate bowel and urinary tract function, to identify predictors for dysfunctional outcome and to evaluate health-related quality-of life (QoL) in patients treated for sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT). Methods: Medical records of patients with SCT born between 1985 and 2015 treated at three Swedish pediatric surgical centers were reviewed. Questionnaires regarding urinary tract function, bowel function and QoL were sent to patients and parents. Different QoL instruments were used for the different age groups. Results: Totally 85 patients were identified. Four patients died in the neonatal period. Forty-nine patients answered the questionnaires (60%). Median age at follow-up was 8.9 years (range 3.6–28.8). Bowel dysfunction was reported by 36% and urinary tract dysfunction by 46% of the patients. Univariate analysis revealed that urinary tract dysfunction correlated with gestational age (p = 0.018) and immature histology (p = 0.008), and bowel dysfunction correlated with gestational age (p = 0.016) and tumor size (p = 0.042). Low gestational age was an independent predictor for both urinary tract and bowel dysfunction. Good or very good QoL was reported by 56% of children aged 4–7 years, 90% of children aged 8–17 years and 67% of the adults. Conclusion: Although a considerable proportion of bowel and urinary tract dysfunction was found, the reported QoL was good in a majority of the patients with SCT. Low gestational age was found to be a predictor for bowel- and urinary tract dysfunction. Level of Evidence: Level III.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Hasselqvist-Ax, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Dispatch of Firefighters and Police Officers in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest : A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Trial Using Propensity Score Analysis.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 6:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Dispatch of basic life support-trained first responders equipped with automated external defibrillators in addition to advanced life support-trained emergency medical services personnel in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has, in some minor cohort studies, been associated with improved survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between basic life support plus advanced life support response and survival in OHCA at a national level.METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014. People who experienced OHCA in 9 Swedish counties covered by basic life support plus advanced life support response were compared with a propensity-matched contemporary control group of people who experienced OHCA in 12 counties where only emergency medical services was dispatched, providing advanced life support. Primary outcome was survival to 30 days. The analytic sample consisted of 2786 pairs (n=5572) derived from the total cohort of 7308 complete cases. The median time from emergency call to arrival of emergency medical services or first responder was 9 minutes in the intervention group versus 10 minutes in the controls (P<0.001). The proportion of patients admitted alive to the hospital after resuscitation was 31.4% (875/2786) in the intervention group versus 24.9% (694/2786) in the controls (conditional odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-1.57). Thirty-day survival was 9.5% (266/2786) in the intervention group versus 7.7% (214/2786) in the controls (conditional odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.54).CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide interventional trial, using propensity score matching, dispatch of first responders in addition to emergency medical services in OHCA was associated with a moderate, but significant, increase in 30-day survival.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02184468.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Hutchins, John, et al.
(författare)
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Cervical Foraminal Changes in Patients with Intermittent Arm Radiculopathy Studied with a New MRI-Compatible Compression Device
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - 2077-0383. ; 12:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diagnosing cervical foraminal stenosis with intermittent arm radiculopathy is challenging due to discrepancies between MRI findings and symptoms. This can be attributed to the fact that MRI images are often obtained in a relaxed supine position. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the Dynamic MRI Compression System (DMRICS) and to assess possible changes in cervical foramina, with both quantitative measurements and qualitative grading systems, with MRI during a simulated Spurling test. Ten patients (five women and five men, ages 29-45) with previously confirmed cervical foraminal stenosis underwent MRI scans using DMRICS. MRI images were acquired in both relaxed and provoked states. A radiologist assessed 30 foramina (C4-C7) on the symptomatic side in both patient positions. Quantitative and qualitative measures were performed, including the numeric rating scale (NRS) and the Park and Kim grading systems. The provoked state induced concordant neck and arm pain in 9 of 10 patients. Significant shifts in Park and Kim foraminal gradings were noted: 13 of 27 Park gradings and 9 of 27 Kim gradings escalated post provocation. No quantitative changes were observed. This pilot study indicates that the DMRICS device has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy for cervical radiculopathy, demonstrating induced cervical foraminal changes during a simulated Spurling test while performing MRI.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Ivarsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Conditioned eyeblink response consists of two distinct components
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurophysiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0022-3077 .- 1522-1598. ; 83:2, s. 796-807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of these experiments was to obtain a detailed knowledge of how the orbicularis oculi muscle is activated during the execution of a conditioned eyeblink response (CR). This is the first critical step to understand the underlying neural mechanisms involved in the control of the CR. Decerebrate ferrets were trained in a classical conditioning paradigm. The conditioned stimulus (CS) was a train of electrical stimuli (15 pulses, 50 Hz, 1 mA) applied to the forelimb, and the unconditioned stimulus (US) was a train of electrical stimuli (3 pulses, 50 Hz, 3-4 mA) to the periorbital region. The CRs were studied by recording electromyograms (EMGs) from the orbicularis oculi muscle. The eyeblink CR in all animals showed a similar topography with at least two different components, CR1 and CR2, which were expressed at different rates. CR1 appeared first during acquisition, had a shorter onset latency, and was more phasic and more resistant to extinction than CR2. A marked pause in the muscle activity separated the two components. To control that the two-component CR were not species, paradigm or preparation specific, awake rabbits were trained with a tone CS (300 ms, 4 kHz, 64 dB) and a train of periorbital stimuli as US (3 pulses, 50 Hz, 3 mA). CR1 and CR2 were present in the rabbit eyeblink CR. The cerebellum is implicated in the control of CRs and to study whether separate neural pathways were responsible for CR1 and CR2, direct brachium pontis stimulation was used to replace the forelimb CS. CR1 and CR2 were present in the CR elicited by the brachium pontis CS. The presence of CR1 and CR2 after a unilateral lesion of the brachium conjunctivum shows that output from the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere was not the cause for any of the components. Other mechanisms that might be involved in the separation of the CR into two components are discussed. The results show that the eyeblink CR consists of at least two components, CR1 and CR2, which most likely originate either as a direct central command from the cerebellum or in the output pathway before the facial nucleus.
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| 32. |
- Joffrin, E., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium-tritium operation with the ITER like-wall
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:11
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamela et al 2007 Fusion Eng. Des. 82 590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D-T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D-T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D-T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D-T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D-T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D-T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the three-ions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfven eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems...) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D-T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D-T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.
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| 33. |
- Johannesson, Pär, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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A Robustness Approach to Reliability
- 2013
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Ingår i: Quality and Reliability Engineering International. - : Wiley. - 1099-1638 .- 0748-8017. ; 29:1, s. 17-32
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliability of products is here regarded with respect to failure avoidance rather than probability of failure. To avoid failures,we emphasize variation and suggest some powerful tools for handling failures due to variation. Thus, instead of technicalcalculation of probabilities from data that usually are too weak for correct results, we emphasize the statistical thinking thatputs the designers focus on the critical product functions.Making the design insensitive to unavoidable variation is called robust design and is handled by (i) identification andclassification of variation, (ii) design of experiments to find robust solutions, and (iii) statistically based estimations of propersafety margins.Extensions of the classical failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) are presented. The first extension consists of identifyingfailure modes caused by variation in the traditional bottom–up FMEA analysis. The second variation mode and effect analysis(VMEA) is a top–down analysis, taking the product characteristics as a starting point and analyzing how sensitive thesecharacteristics are to variation.In cases when there is sufficient detailed information of potential failure causes, the VMEA can be applied in its mostadvanced mode, the probabilistic VMEA. Variation is then measured as statistical standard deviations, and sensitivities aremeasured as partial derivatives. This method gives the opportunity to dimension tolerances and safety margins to avoidfailures caused by both unavoidable variation and lack of knowledge regarding failure processes.
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| 34. |
- Johannesson, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Customer Loads
- 2013
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Ingår i: Guide to Load Analysis for Durablity in Vehicle Engineering. - : Wiley. - 9781118648315 ; , s. 287-320
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall goal of vehicle design is to make a robust and reliable product that meets the demands of the customers and this book treats the topic of analysing and describing customer loads with respect to durability. Guide to Load Analysis for Vehicle and Durability Engineering supplies a variety of methods for load analysis and also explains their proper use in view of the vehicle design process. In Part I, Overview, there are two chapters presenting the scope of the book as well as providing an introduction to the subject. Part II, Methods for Load Analysis, describes useful methods and indicates how and when they should be used. Part III, Load Analysis in view of the Vehicle Design Process, offers strategies for the evaluation of customer loads, in particular characterization of customer populations, which leads to the derivation of design loads, and finally to the verification of systems and components.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Johannesson, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Reliable fatigue design, by rigid rules, by magic or by enlightened engineering
- 2013
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Ingår i: Procedia Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7058. ; 66, s. 12-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses some basic differences between engineering approaches to fatigue reliability assessment. The comparison is based on the fact that mechanical fatigue is a highly empirical science with large uncertainties in prior knowledge, both regarding observed data and model accuracy. It is claimed that the amount of available prior physical knowledge should decide the level of complexity in reliability tools, not computer resources nor mathematical theory. As a result the second moment statistics is put forward as a useful tool in fatigue reliability assessment, either in the regulated form like in Eurocode or in a free engineering form like through the Variation Mode and Effect Analysis. The latter method is outlined in certain detail and its practical usefulness demonstrated for some engineering reliability problems
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| 37. |
- Johannesson, Pär, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Variation mode and effect analysis: an application to fatigue life prediction
- 2009
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Ingår i: Quality and Reliability Engineering International. - : Wiley. - 0748-8017 .- 1099-1638. ; 25:2, s. 167-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an application of the probabilistic branch of variation mode and effect analysis (VMEA) implemented as a first-order, second-moment reliability method. First order means that the failure function is approximated to be linear around the nominal values with respect to the main influencing variables, while second moment means that only means and variances are taken into account in the statistical procedure. We study the fatigue life of a jet engine component and aim at a safety margin that takes all sources of prediction uncertainties into account. Scatter is defined as random variation due to natural causes, such as non-homogeneous material, geometry variation within tolerances, load variation in usage, and other uncontrolled variations. Other uncertainties are unknown systematic errors, such as model errors in the numerical calculation of fatigue life, statistical errors in estimates of parameters, and unknown usage profile. By treating also systematic errors as random variables, the whole safety margin problem is put into a common framework of second-order statistics. The final estimated prediction variance of the logarithmic life is obtained by summing the variance contributions of all sources of scatter and other uncertainties, and it represents the total uncertainty in the life prediction. Motivated by the central limit theorem, this logarithmic life random variable may be regarded as normally distributed, which gives possibilities to calculate relevant safety margins.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Karlsson, Ann-Katrine, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal fat distribution correlates to aromatase activity in pre-school girls
- 2013
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Ingår i: 9th Joint Meeting of Paediatric Endocrinology. Milan, Italy , September 19–22, 2013. Hormone research in paediatrics. - Milan, Italy : Horm Res in Ped. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826. ; 80:suppl 1, s. 109-110
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 42. |
- Karlsson, Ann-Katrine, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of total and regional body composition in preschool children: A comparison of MRI, DXA, and anthropometric data.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 21:5, s. 1018-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are clear sex differences in the distribution of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in adults, with males having more VAT and less SAT than females. This study assessed whether these differences between the sexes were already present in preschool children. It also evaluated which measures of body composition were most appropriate for assessing abdominal obesity in this age group.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Kjellberg, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic Risk Factors Associated with Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in a Sex-Specific Manner in Seven-Year-Olds
- 2019
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 27:6, s. 982-988
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate how visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volumes were associated with metabolic risk factors in 7-year-old children.METHODS: A total of 81 children (52% girls) from a Swedish birth cohort were studied. At 6 years of age, anthropometric data, fasting insulin, glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure were collected on 53 children with normal weight and 28 children with overweight or obesity, and insulin resistance was estimated. At 7 years of age, magnetic resonance imaging quantified VAT and SAT. Sex and regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS: SAT was more strongly associated with metabolic risk factors than VAT. The associations between VAT and metabolic risk factors were stronger in girls (P < 0.05). When VAT was adjusted for birth weight and maternal BMI and education, it accounted for 51% of insulin variance (β = 11.72; P = 0.001) but only in girls. The key finding of this study was that adjusted SAT accounted for 63% of the fasting insulin variance in girls (β = 2.76; P < 0.001). Waist circumference was the best anthropometric marker for insulin resistance.CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance was associated with abdominal adipose tissue and its associated metabolic risk factors in children as young as 7 years old.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Krasilnikov, A., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of 9 Be + p nuclear reactions during 2ω CH and hydrogen minority ICRH in JET-ILW hydrogen and deuterium plasmas
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 58:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intensity of 9Be + p nuclear fusion reactions was experimentally studied during second harmonic (2ω CH) ion-cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) and further analyzed during fundamental hydrogen minority ICRH of JET-ILW hydrogen and deuterium plasmas. In relatively low-density plasmas with a high ICRH power, a population of fast H+ ions was created and measured by neutral particle analyzers. Primary and secondary nuclear reaction products, due to 9Be + p interaction, were observed with fast ion loss detectors, γ-ray spectrometers and neutron flux monitors and spectrometers. The possibility of using 9Be(p, d)2α and 9Be(p, α)6Li nuclear reactions to create a population of fast alpha particles and study their behaviour in non-active stage of ITER operation is discussed in the paper.
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| 48. |
- Kullberg, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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Adipose tissue distribution in children: automated quantification using water and fat MRI.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI. - : Wiley. - 1522-2586 .- 1053-1807. ; 32:1, s. 204-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To develop and validate a method for rapid acquisition and automated processing of magnetic resonance (MR) images for analysis of abdominal adipose tissue distribution in children. Materials and Methods: The study included 21 (10 girls, 11 boys) healthy 5-year-old children. Rapid water and fat MR imaging (6 sec) was performed using a 2-point-Dixon technique on a 1.5T MR scanner using an 8-channel cardiac coil. An automated image processing algorithm was developed for automated segmentation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), respectively. The results from the fully automated analysis were compared to those from a semiautomated analysis, performed by three operators, from the same images. Results: The automated analysis was seen to give results with strong correlation to the reference measurements (r ≥ 0.997); however, the SAT volume was underestimated by 9.4 ± 3.8%. The accuracy of the automated segmentation of VAT and SAT (TP: true positive, FP: false positive, mean ± SD, %) was TP: 83.6 ± 8.5, FP: 12.7 ± 6.8; and TP: 89.9 ± 3.6, FP: 0.7 ± 0.3, respectively.
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| 49. |
- Lahti, Jack, et al.
(författare)
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Retrofitting balcony doors from the 1950s: feasibility study of VIPs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th International Vacuum Insulation Symposium (IVIS2021).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By combining necessary renovation measures with energy efficiency retrofitting measures, there is potential for energy savings and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. One benefit of these measures is the increased thermal comfort for the occupants in the building. In listed buildings, windows and doors are often parts that are difficult to impose energy efficiency retrofitting measures on because of the protection against changing the appearance of the building. Traditionally, balcony doors consisted of an upper glazed part and a lower opaque part, which was rarely properly insulated by the standards of today. The energy use for heating can be decreased by installing insulation in this lower opaque part of the door while increasing the thermal comfort. This study investigates a housing area from the 1950s with 220 balcony doors. The lower opaque part of the door today consists of a 12 mm thick sheet of porous wooden board. The study aims to evaluate if the thermal performance of the lower part of the door can be improved without changing its aesthetics. The improvement should be economically sound with a low environmental impact. Three different types of thermal insulation were compared; glass wool, expanded polystyrene (EPS), and vacuum insulation panel (VIP). The thickness of all materials was 10 mm. Calculations of the thermal, moisture, economic and environmental performances were done for the three materials. The results show that the EPS and glass wool have a payback period of 57 years, while VIP, due to the much higher thermal resistance, has a payback period of 17 years. Despite the higher investment cost for the VIP, this study shows that the material is beneficial due to its higher thermal resistance compared to conventional insulation materials.
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| 50. |
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