| 1. |
- Arion, Tiberiu, et al.
(författare)
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New insight into the Auger decay process in O-2: The coincidence perspective
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 185:8-9, s. 234-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photoelectron-Auger electron coincidence spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the investigation of Auger decay processes with different core-ionized intermediate states. In this paper we describe an investigation into the Auger decay of the O-2 molecule, with the purpose of bringing new insight into the dynamics of the core hole decay mechanism. Using a novel experimental approach to measuring such coincidence spectra we report the highest resolution Auger spectrum of O-2 recorded hitherto. In our approach, we have combined the advantages of these coincidence spectra with the high resolution and excellent signal-to-noise ratios of non-coincident Auger spectra and a state-of-the-art fit analysis. In this way we have derived information about the potential energy curves of the final states W-3 Delta(u), B-3 Pi(g), and B' (3)Sigma(-)(u) and concluded that the corresponding Auger transitions are formed to a large part by strongly overlapping vibrational progressions. The present findings are compared to earlier results reported in the literature confirming some theoretical predictions. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Born, Artur, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of Ni L-2,L-3 core-hole relaxation pathways utilizing Auger photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 103:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ni LVV Auger spectra, in coincidence with the corresponding 2p(1/2), 2p(3/2), and 6 eV satellite photoelectrons, have been used to examine electron correlation and itinerance effects in Ni. In coincidence with the 2p(3/2) core level, the Auger spectral shape is represented by localized 3d(8) and itinerant valence final states with an additional 3d(7) Auger shake-up contribution. The spectra in coincidence with the 6 eV satellite probe the decay of localized 2p(5)3d(9) double hole states, leading to 3d(7) final states. It is found that a fraction of the double hole states delocalize before the Auger decay. A similar delocalization is observed for the double hole states produced by the L2L3M45 Coster-Kronig process, and the delocalization rates have been determined.
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| 3. |
- Cappel, Ute B, et al.
(författare)
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Partially Reversible Photoinduced Chemical Changes in a Mixed-Ion Perovskite Material for Solar Cells.
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 9:40, s. 34970-34978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ) with the element specificity and chemical sensitivity of core-level photoelectron spectroscopy. By carrying out measurements at a synchrotron beamline optimized for low X-ray fluxes, we are able to avoid sample changes due to X-ray illumination and are therefore able to monitor what sample changes are induced by visible illumination only. We find that laser illumination causes partially reversible chemistry in the surface region, including enrichment of bromide at the surface, which could be related to a phase separation into bromide- and iodide-rich phases. We also observe a partially reversible formation of metallic lead in the perovskite structure. These processes occur on the time scale of minutes during illumination. The presented methodology has a large potential for understanding light-induced chemistry in photoactive materials and could specifically be extended to systematically study the impact of morphology and composition on the photostability of metal halide perovskites.
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| 4. |
- Giangrisostomi, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Inhomogeneity of Cleaved Bulk MoS2 and Compensation of Its Charge Imbalances by Room-Temperature Hydrogen Treatment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : Wiley. - 2196-7350.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synthetic single crystals of bulk molybdenum disulphide cleaved in ultrahigh vacuum are mapped across a large (approximate to 25 mm(2)) area by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, both statically and transiently following above-bandgap excitation by an ultrafast laser. This work finds that: I) A cleaved surface typically displays spatially inhomogeneous properties, manifested by large (approximate to 1 eV) variations in binding energy and band bending and variable degrees of stability of those over time as a result of variable gas uptakes from the residual atmosphere. II) Moderate (350 degrees C) annealing and exposure to molecular hydrogen can be cycled to switch between smaller and larger surface band bending, the switch being reversible but strongly sample-position dependent. III) Upon exposure to atomic hydrogen, the binding energy of the entire surface levels out to a common (within <0.05 eV) value corresponding to a Fermi level pinned close to mid-bandgap. Such remarkable effect is attributed to the ability of hydrogen atoms to serve as donors and acceptors alike, thus neutralizing local charge imbalances inevitably present at the surface in consequence of intrinsic and/or cleavage-induced defects. With subsequent moderate annealing, the hydrogenated surface preserves a fairly homogenous electronic state which is however characterized by a lower binding energy and little to no band bending.
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| 5. |
- Giangrisostomi, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Low Dose Photoelectron Spectroscopy at BESSY II : Electronic structure of matter in its native state
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 224:SI, s. 68-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The implementation of a high-transmission, angular-resolved time-of-Right electron spectrometer with a 1.25 MHz pulse selector at the PM4 soft X-ray dipole beamline of the synchrotron BESSY II creates unique capabilities to inquire electronic structure via photoelectron spectroscopy with a minimum of radiation dose. Solid-state samples can be prepared and characterized with standard UHV techniques and rapidly transferred from various preparation chambers to a 4-axis temperature-controlled measurement stage. A synchronized MHz laser system enables excited-state characterization and dynamical studies starting from the picosecond timescale. This article introduces the principal characteristics of the PM4 beamline and LowDosePES end-station. Recent results from graphene, an organic hole transport material for solar cells and the transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2 are presented to demonstrate the instrument performances. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 6. |
- Gorgoi, Mihaela, et al.
(författare)
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HAXPES studies of solid materials for applications in energy and information technology using the HIKE facility at HZB-BESSY II
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - Elsevier : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 200, s. 40-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present work we review a number of research directions addressed at the HIKE end-station at the BESSY II storage ring at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, HZB, using hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). The emphasis of this review is on the specific properties of the technique, which are required in order to address different scientific questions at the HIKE beamline.
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| 7. |
- Gorgoi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Relative sub-shell photoionization cross-sections of nickel metal determined by hard X-ray high kinetic energy photoemission
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 190, s. 153-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, hard X-ray high kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy has lead to a break-through due to its non destructive way of investigating the bulk electronic properties of materials. However, due to the relatively new development of this technique there is a lack of information concerning the photoionization cross sections at high energies. Whenever compound materials are investigated or when estimating signal levels and the feasibility of an electron spectroscopy experiment the knowledge of cross sections is essential. In the present work the experimentally determined relative sub-shell photoionization cross sections of shallow levels of nickel metal in the energy range of 2-9 keV will be shown. The data are compared with calculated sub-shell photoionization cross sections.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Auger- and Photoelectron Coincidences of Molecular O2 Adsorbed on Ag(111)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxygen on Ag(111) system has been investigated with Auger electron–photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS). The coincidence spectra between O 1s core level photoelectrons and O KLL Auger electrons have been studied together with Ag3d/AgM4,5NN coincidences. We also describe the electron–electron coincidence spectrometer setup, CoESCA, consisting of two angle resolved time-of-flight spectrometers at a synchrotron light source. Contributions from molecular oxygen and chemisorbed oxygen are assigned using the coincidence data, conclusions are drawn primarily from the O 1s/O KLL data. The data acquisition and treatment procedure are also outlined. The chemisorbed oxygen species observed are relevant for the catalytic ethylene oxidation.
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| 9. |
- Kühn, Danilo, et al.
(författare)
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Capabilities of Angle Resolved Time of Flight electron spectroscopy with the 60 degrees wide angle acceptance lens
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 224, s. 45-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The simultaneous detection of energy, momentum and temporal information in electron spectroscopy is the key aspect to enhance the detection efficiency in order to broaden the range of scientific applications. Employing a novel 60 degrees wide angle acceptance lens system, based on an additional accelerating electron optical element, leads to a significant enhancement in transmission over the previously employed 30 degrees electron lenses. Due to the performance gain, optimized capabilities for time resolved electron spectroscopy and other high transmission applications with pulsed ionizing radiation have been obtained. The energy resolution and transmission have been determined experimentally utilizing BESSY II as a photon source. Four different and complementary lens modes have been characterized. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 10. |
- Leitner, Torsten, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The CoESCA station at BESSY: Auger electron–photoelectron coincidences from surfaces demonstrated for Ag MNN
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we present the CoESCA station for electron–electron coincidence spectroscopy from surfaces, built in a close collaboration between Uppsala University and Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin at the BESSY II synchrotron facility in Berlin, Germany. We start with a detailed overview of previous work in the field of electron–electron coincidences, before we describe the CoESCA setup and its design parameters. The system is capable of recording shot-to-shot resolved 6D coincidence datasets, i.e. the kinetic energy and the two take off angles for both coincident electrons. The mathematics behind extracting and analysing these multi-dimensional coincidence datasets is introduced, with a focus on coincidence statistics, resulting in fundamental limits of the signal-to-noise ratio and its implications for acquisition times and the size of the raw data stream. The functionality of the CoESCA station is demonstrated for the example of Auger electron–photoelectron coincidences from silver surfaces for photoelectrons from the Ag 3d core levels and their corresponding MNN Auger electrons. The Auger spectra originating from the different core levels, 3d and 3d could be separated and further, the two-hole state energy distributions were determined for these Auger decay channels.
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| 11. |
- Mårtensson, Nils, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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New determination of the core-level life-time broadenings in mercury
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - Elsevier : Elsevier BV. - 1566-6379. ; 202, s. 33-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously recorded and published photoelectron spectroscopic data for mercury in the gas phase has been reanalyzed. The life-time broadenings have been determined for a large number of core levels. It is then seen that a recent detailed derivation of core-level line-widths based on X-ray emission spectroscopy give life-time widths that are generally too large. The 4d(3/2)4d(5/2)nd Coster-Kronig (CM) transition is also discussed. We find that the additional broadening Of the 4d(3/2) level for mercury metal is indeed due to a CM decay, in contrast to recent claims. In atomic mercury, however, the CM process in energetically forbidden. In spite of this we find that the 4d(3/2) level is broadened also in this case. We propose that this is due to a mixing between the 4d(3/2) hole state and discrete 4d(5/2)nd states.
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| 12. |
- Mårtensson, Nils, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Uppsala and Berkeley : Two essential laboratories in the development of modern photoelectron spectroscopy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 40:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of modern photoelectron spectroscopy is reviewed with a special focus on the importance of research at Uppsala University and at Berkeley. The influence of two pioneers, Kai Siegbahn and Dave Shirley, is underlined. Early interaction between the two centers helped to kick-start the field. Both laboratories have continued to play an important role in the field, both in terms of creating new experimental capabilities and developing the theoretical understanding of the spectroscopic processes. (C)2022 Author(s).
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| 13. |
- Patanen, Minna, et al.
(författare)
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Electron spectroscopy using ultra brilliant synchrotron X-ray sources
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 200, s. 78-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of photoelectron spectroscopy since the early days of the technique is discussed. The focus is on the interaction between instrumental development and scientific achievements. In particular the opportunities provided by the increasingly brilliant synchrotron radiation sources are discussed. The contribution is focused on core level studies. The recent development is demonstrated by using selected examples obtained at today's most advanced synchrotron radiation facilities. The spectral resolution and intensity that can be reached at these facilities reveal new effects and provide detailed information on the investigated systems. The examples are mainly taken from studies of atoms and molecules where different effects can be most accurately identified and separated.
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| 14. |
- Patanen, M., et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory-frame electron angular distributions : Probing the chemical environment through intramolecular electron scattering
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 87:6, s. 063420-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon 1s photoelectron asymmetry parameters beta for the chlorinated and the methyl carbon atom of CH3CH2Cl, CH3CHCl2, and CH3CCl3 have been measured using synchrotron radiation in the 340-600 eV energy range. We provide experimental evidence that the intramolecular scattering strongly affects beta values, even far from the ionization threshold. The results are in agreement with B-spline density functional theory calculations, making it possible to single out the behavior of the various continuum partial waves. We conclude that the intramolecular scattering makes electron angular distributions sensitive to the chemical environment, even in isolated gas phase molecules.
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| 15. |
- Rander, T., et al.
(författare)
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Suppression of the molecular ultra-fast dissociation in bromomethane clusters
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - AIP : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 141, s. 224305-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We address the influence of clustering on the ultra-fast dissociation of bromomethane. Valence and core photo-electron spectroscopy, partial electron yield absorption, and resonant Auger spectroscopy have been used together with ab initio calculations to investigate the properties of the ultra-fast dissociation. The ratio of ultra-fast dissociation of molecules in clusters as compared to free molecules is determined to be significantly reduced. We propose partial delocalization of the excited electronic state as being responsible for this behavior.
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| 16. |
- Sloboda, Tamara, et al.
(författare)
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A method for studying pico to microsecond time-resolved core-level spectroscopy used to investigate electron dynamics in quantum dots
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy can give insights into carrier dynamics and offers the possibility of element and site-specific information through the measurements of core levels. In this paper, we demonstrate that this method can access electrons dynamics in PbS quantum dots over a wide time window spanning from pico- to microseconds in a single experiment carried out at the synchrotron facility BESSY II. The method is sensitive to small changes in core level positions. Fast measurements at low pump fluences are enabled by the use of a pump laser at a lower repetition frequency than the repetition frequency of the X-ray pulses used to probe the core level electrons: Through the use of a time-resolved spectrometer, time-dependent analysis of data from all synchrotron pulses is possible. Furthermore, by picosecond control of the pump laser arrival at the sample relative to the X-ray pulses, a time-resolution limited only by the length of the X-ray pulses is achieved. Using this method, we studied the charge dynamics in thin film samples of PbS quantum dots on n-type MgZnO substrates through time-resolved measurements of the Pb 5d core level. We found a time-resolved core level shift, which we could assign to electron injection and charge accumulation at the MgZnO/PbS quantum dots interface. This assignment was confirmed through the measurement of PbS films with different thicknesses. Our results therefore give insight into the magnitude of the photovoltage generated specifically at the MgZnO/PbS interface and into the timescale of charge transport and electron injection, as well as into the timescale of charge recombination at this interface. It is a unique feature of our method that the timescale of both these processes can be accessed in a single experiment and investigated for a specific interface.
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| 17. |
- Sorgenfrei, Nomi L. A. N., et al.
(författare)
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Photodriven Transient Picosecond Top-Layer Semiconductor to Metal Phase-Transition in p-Doped Molybdenum Disulfide
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 33:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visible light is shown to create a transient metallic S-Mo-S surface layer on bulk semiconducting p-doped indirect-bandgap 2H-MoS2. Optically created electron-hole pairs separate in the surface band bending region of the p-doped semiconducting crystal causing a transient accumulation of electrons in the surface region. This triggers a reversible 2H-semiconductor to 1T-metal phase-transition of the surface layer. Electron-phonon coupling of the indirect-bandgap p-doped 2H-MoS2 enables this efficient pathway even at a low density of excited electrons with a distinct optical excitation threshold and saturation behavior. This mechanism needs to be taken into consideration when describing the surface properties of illuminated p-doped 2H-MoS2. In particular, light-induced increased charge mobility and surface activation can cause and enhance the photocatalytic and photoassisted electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction of water on 2H-MoS2. Generally, it opens up for a way to control not only the surface of p-doped 2H-MoS2 but also related dichalcogenides and layered systems. The findings are based on the sensitivity of time-resolved electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis with photon-energy-tuneable synchrotron radiation.
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| 18. |
- Svensson, Svante, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Prof. Carl Nordling 1931-2016
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 224, s. 107-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 19. |
- Travnikova, Oksana, et al.
(författare)
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Energy-Dependent Relative Cross Sections in Carbon 1s Photoionization : Separation of Direct Shake and Inelastic Scattering Effects in Single Molecules
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 123:35, s. 7619-7635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate that the possibility of monitoring relative photoionization cross sections over a large photon energy range allows us to study and disentangle shake processes and intramolecular inelastic scattering effects. In this gas-phase study, relative intensities of the carbon 1s photoelectron lines from chemically inequivalent carbon atoms in the same molecule have been measured as a function of the incident photon energy in the range of 300-6000 eV. We present relative cross sections for the chemically shifted carbon 1s lines in the photoelectron spectra of ethyl trifluoroacetate (the "ESCA" molecule). The results are compared with those of methyl trifluoroacetate and S-ethyl trifluorothioacetate as well as a series of chloro-substituted ethanes and 2-butyne. In the soft X-ray energy range, the cross sections show an extended X-ray absorption fine structure type of wiggles, as was previously observed for a series of chloroethanes. The oscillations are damped in the hard X-ray energy range, but deviations of cross-section ratios from stoichiometry persist, even at high energies. The current findings are supported by theoretical calculations based on a multiple scattering model. The use of soft and tender X-rays provides a more complete picture of the dominant processes accompanying photoionization. Such processes reduce the main photoelectron line intensities by 20-60%. Using both energy ranges enabled us to discern the process of intramolecular inelastic scattering of the outgoing electron, whose significance is otherwise difficult to assess for isolated molecules. This effect relates to the notion of the inelastic mean free path commonly used in photoemission studies of clusters and condensed matter.
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| 20. |
- Travnikova, O., et al.
(författare)
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Energy dependent relative cross sections in carbon 1s photoionization
- 2020
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Ingår i: 31ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC XXXI). - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate that the possibility of monitoring relative photoionization cross sections over a large photon energy range extending to hard x-rays allows studying and disentangling shake processes and intramolecular inelastic scattering effects. An "EXAFS"-type of oscillatory behaviour of the relative C is cross sections is observed in a wide photon energy range up to 1 keV due to multiple intramolecular elastic scattering of the photoelectron. These effects are also present in solids and constitute a significant part of all elastic and inelastic scattering effects occurring in solids.
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| 21. |
- Zhang, Chaofan, et al.
(författare)
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Core-shell structure in self-assembled lead/lead-oxide nanoclusters revealed by photoelectron spectroscopy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 87:3, s. 035402-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoclusters containing metallic lead and lead oxide have been produced by self-assembly out of a primary mixture of lead atoms and oxygen in a reactive sputtering-based cluster source. Comparison of the valence and core-level responses in the photoelectron spectra shows that clusters have a core-shell structure with a lead-oxide core coated by an outer shell of metallic lead. This core-shell order is opposite to that typical for most microscopic and macroscopic materials. We explain this by the peculiarities of the cluster production kinetics and by the system's energy minimization striving due to what lead oxide is placed in the core of the mixed cluster.
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| 22. |
- Zhang, Teng, 1988-
(författare)
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Synchrotron Radiation Studies of Molecular Building Blocks for Functional Materials
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research on new materials is a primary driving force for progress in human society. One of the most significant research topic nowadays is the development of new functional materials for technological applications, like perovskite implemented in solar cells, and graphene as a representative for the new 2D materials family. It is then crucial to fully understand the functionality of such materials from a fundamental point of view, as a complementary and useful guide to develop/design new devices of improved performance and energy efficiency.In the thesis, comprehensive characterizations of molecular building blocks used in i) novel energy conversion devices (CoPc, TPA, DPTA and m-MTDATA), and ii) in 2D materials (biphenylene and melamine) have been performed by PhotoElectron Spectroscopy (PES), and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy carried out at synchrotron radiation facilities, representing effective, powerful light source dedicated to the front-line materials research of great value in both science and industry. PES and NEXAFS spectroscopy, in combination with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have provided a deep understanding of the electronic structure of the investigated systems in relation to their functionality. The investigations always included the combination and comparison between experimental and theoretical results. The studied molecules were characterized as free and adsorbed on surfaces, from the simple building blocks to more complex molecular systems. The characterizations allowed us to identify the electronic structure modifications due to substitutions (Paper III), increasing complexity of the molecules (Paper V), molecule-substrate interactions (Paper I, II, IV, V) and intra-molecular H-bonding interactions (Paper VI).
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