| 1. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Murari, A., et al.
(författare)
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A control oriented strategy of disruption prediction to avoid the configuration collapse of tokamak reactors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of thermonuclear fusion consists of producing electricity from the coalescence of light nuclei in high temperature plasmas. The most promising route to fusion envisages the confinement of such plasmas with magnetic fields, whose most studied configuration is the tokamak. Disruptions are catastrophic collapses affecting all tokamak devices and one of the main potential showstoppers on the route to a commercial reactor. In this work we report how, deploying innovative analysis methods on thousands of JET experiments covering the isotopic compositions from hydrogen to full tritium and including the major D-T campaign, the nature of the various forms of collapse is investigated in all phases of the discharges. An original approach to proximity detection has been developed, which allows determining both the probability of and the time interval remaining before an incoming disruption, with adaptive, from scratch, real time compatible techniques. The results indicate that physics based prediction and control tools can be developed, to deploy realistic strategies of disruption avoidance and prevention, meeting the requirements of the next generation of devices.
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| 5. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 10. |
- Khatri, C, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 15. |
- Thoma, B, et al.
(författare)
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An international, interprofessional investigation of the self-reported podcast listening habits of emergency clinicians: A METRIQ Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: CJEM. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1481-8043 .- 1481-8035. ; 22:1, s. 112-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesPodcasts are increasingly being used for medical education. A deeper understanding of usage patterns would inform both producers and researchers of medical podcasts. We aimed to determine how and why podcasts are used by emergency medicine and critical care clinicians.MethodsAn international interprofessional sample (medical students, residents, physicians, nurses, physician assistants, and paramedics) was recruited through direct contact and a multimodal social media (Twitter and Facebook) campaign. Each participant completed a survey outlining how and why they utilize medical podcasts. Recruitment materials included an infographic and study website.Results390 participants from 33 countries and 4 professions (medicine, nursing, paramedicine, physician assistant) completed the survey. Participants most frequently listened to medical podcasts to review new literature (75.8%), learn core material (75.1%), and refresh memory (71.8%). The majority (62.6%) were aware of the ability to listen at increased speeds, but most (76.9%) listened at 1.0 x (normal) speed. All but 25 (6.4%) participants concurrently performed other tasks while listening. Driving (72.3%), exercising (39.7%), and completing chores (39.2%) were the most common. A minority of participants used active learning techniques such as pausing, rewinding, and replaying segments of the podcast. Very few listened to podcasts multiple times.ConclusionsAn international cohort of emergency clinicians use medical podcasts predominantly for learning. Their listening habits (rarely employing active learning strategies and frequently performing concurrent tasks) may not support this goal. Further exploration of the impact of these activities on learning from podcasts is warranted.
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| 16. |
- Delios, A., et al.
(författare)
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Examining the generalizability of research findings from archival data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This initiative examined systematically the extent to which a large set of archival research findings generalizes across contexts. We repeated the key analyses for 29 original strategic management effects in the same context (direct reproduction) as well as in 52 novel time periods and geographies; 45% of the reproductions returned results matching the original reports together with 55% of tests in different spans of years and 40% of tests in novel geographies. Some original findings were associated with multiple new tests. Reproducibility was the best predictor of generalizability-for the findings that proved directly reproducible, 84% emerged in other available time periods and 57% emerged in other geographies. Overall, only limited empirical evidence emerged for context sensitivity. In a forecasting survey, independent scientists were able to anticipate which effects would find support in tests in new samples.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Tierney, W., et al.
(författare)
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A creative destruction approach to replication : Implicit work and sex morality across cultures
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1031 .- 1096-0465. ; 93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How can we maximize what is learned from a replication study? In the creative destruction approach to replication, the original hypothesis is compared not only to the null hypothesis, but also to predictions derived from multiple alternative theoretical accounts of the phenomenon. To this end, new populations and measures are included in the design in addition to the original ones, to help determine which theory best accounts for the results across multiple key outcomes and contexts. The present pre-registered empirical project compared the Implicit Puritanism account of intuitive work and sex morality to theories positing regional, religious, and social class differences; explicit rather than implicit cultural differences in values; self-expression vs. survival values as a key cultural fault line; the general moralization of work; and false positive effects. Contradicting Implicit Puritanism's core theoretical claim of a distinct American work morality, a number of targeted findings replicated across multiple comparison cultures, whereas several failed to replicate in all samples and were identified as likely false positives. No support emerged for theories predicting regional variability and specific individual-differences moderators (religious affiliation, religiosity, and education level). Overall, the results provide evidence that work is intuitively moralized across cultures.
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| 19. |
- Botticella, M. T., et al.
(författare)
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Supernova 2009kf : An Ultraviolet Bright Type IIP Supernova Discovered with Pan-STARRS 1 and GALEX
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 717, s. L52-L56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of a luminous Type IIP Supernova (SN) 2009kf discovered by the Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1) survey and also detected by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer. The SN shows a plateau in its optical and bolometric light curves, lasting approximately 70 days in the rest frame, with an absolute magnitude of M V = -18.4 mag. The P-Cygni profiles of hydrogen indicate expansion velocities of 9000 km s-1 at 61 days after discovery which is extremely high for a Type IIP SN. SN 2009kf is also remarkably bright in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) and shows a slow evolution 10-20 days after optical discovery. The NUV and optical luminosity at these epochs can be modeled with a blackbody with a hot effective temperature (T ~ 16,000 K) and a large radius (R ~ 1 × 1015 cm). The bright bolometric and NUV luminosity, the light curve peak and plateau duration, the high velocities, and temperatures suggest that 2009kf is a Type IIP SN powered by a larger than normal explosion energy. Recently discovered high-z SNe (0.7 < z < 2.3) have been assumed to be IIn SNe, with the bright UV luminosities due to the interaction of SN ejecta with a dense circumstellar medium. UV-bright SNe similar to SN 2009kf could also account for these high-z events, and its absolute magnitude M NUV = -21.5 ± 0.5 mag suggests such SNe could be discovered out to z ~ 2.5 in the PS1 survey.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Beale, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Global phylogeny of Treponema pallidum lineages reveals recent expansion and spread of contemporary syphilis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-5276. ; 6:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syphilis, which is caused by the sexually transmitted bacterium Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, has an estimated 6.3 million cases worldwide per annum. In the past ten years, the incidence of syphilis has increased by more than 150% in some high-income countries, but the evolution and epidemiology of the epidemic are poorly understood. To characterize the global population structure of T. pallidum, we assembled a geographically and temporally diverse collection of 726 genomes from 626 clinical and 100 laboratory samples collected in 23 countries. We applied phylogenetic analyses and clustering, and found that the global syphilis population comprises just two deeply branching lineages, Nichols and SS14. Both lineages are currently circulating in 12 of the 23 countries sampled. We subdivided T. p.pallidum into 17 distinct sublineages to provide further phylodynamic resolution. Importantly, two Nichols sublineages have expanded clonally across 9 countries contemporaneously with SS14. Moreover, pairwise genome analyses revealed examples of isolates collected within the last 20 years from 14 different countries that had genetically identical core genomes, which might indicate frequent exchange through international transmission. It is striking that most samples collected before 1983 are phylogenetically distinct from more recently isolated sublineages. Using Bayesian temporal analysis, we detected a population bottleneck occurring during the late 1990s, followed by rapid population expansion in the 2000s that was driven by the dominant T. pallidum sublineages circulating today. This expansion may be linked to changing epidemiology, immune evasion or fitness under antimicrobial selection pressure, since many of the contemporary syphilis lineages we have characterized are resistant to macrolides. Global syphilis prevalence has been increasing. Sequencing and analysis of a global collection of 726 Treponema pallidum samples reveal globally circulating lineages linked to a rapid expansion occurring since the end of the twentieth century.
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| 22. |
- Pastorello, A., et al.
(författare)
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Ultra-bright Optical Transients are Linked with Type Ic Supernovae
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 724, s. L16-L21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent searches by unbiased, wide-field surveys have uncovered a group of extremely luminous optical transients. The initial discoveries of SN 2005ap by the Texas Supernova Search and SCP-06F6 in a deep Hubble pencil beam survey were followed by the Palomar Transient Factory confirmation of host redshifts for other similar transients. The transients share the common properties of high optical luminosities (peak magnitudes ~-21 to -23), blue colors, and a lack of H or He spectral features. The physical mechanism that produces the luminosity is uncertain, with suggestions ranging from jet-driven explosion to pulsational pair instability. Here, we report the most detailed photometric and spectral coverage of an ultra-bright transient (SN 2010gx) detected in the Pan-STARRS 1 sky survey. In common with other transients in this family, early-time spectra show a blue continuum and prominent broad absorption lines of O II. However, about 25 days after discovery, the spectra developed type Ic supernova features, showing the characteristic broad Fe II and Si II absorption lines. Detailed, post-maximum follow-up may show that all SN 2005ap and SCP-06F6 type transients are linked to supernovae Ic. This poses problems in understanding the physics of the explosions: there is no indication from late-time photometry that the luminosity is powered by 56Ni, the broad light curves suggest very large ejected masses, and the slow spectral evolution is quite different from typical Ic timescales. The nature of the progenitor stars and the origin of the luminosity are intriguing and open questions.
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| 23. |
- Sweeney, M. D., et al.
(författare)
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Vascular dysfunction-The disregarded partner of Alzheimer's disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 15:1, s. 158-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing evidence recognizes Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease with multiple contributors to its pathophysiology, including vascular dysfunction. The recently updated AD Research Framework put forth by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association describes a biomarker-based pathologic definition of AD focused on amyloid, tau, and neuronal injury. In response to this article, here we first discussed evidence that vascular dysfunction is an important early event in AD pathophysiology. Next, we examined various imaging sequences that could be easily implemented to evaluate different types of vascular dysfunction associated with, and/or contributing to, AD pathophysiology, including changes in blood-brain barrier integrity and cerebral blood flow. Vascular imaging biomarkers of small vessel disease of the brain, which is responsible for >50% of dementia worldwide, including AD, are already established, well characterized, and easy to recognize. We suggest that these vascular biomarkers should be incorporated into the AD Research Framework to gain a better understanding of AD pathophysiology and aid in treatment efforts. (C) 2018 the Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Creely, A. J., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the SPARC tokamak
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Plasma Physics. - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 86:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The SPARC tokamak is a critical next step towards commercial fusion energy. SPARC is designed as a high-field (B-0 = 12.2 T), compact (R-0 = 1.85 m, a = 0.57 m), superconducting, D-T tokamak with the goal of producing fusion gain Q > 2 from a magnetically confined fusion plasma for the first time. Currently under design, SPARC will continue the high-field path of the Alcator series of tokamaks, utilizing new magnets based on rare earth barium copper oxide high-temperature superconductors to achieve high performance in a compact device. The goal of Q > 2 is achievable with conservative physics assumptions (H-98,H- y2 = 0.7) and, with the nominal assumption of H-98,H- y2 = 1, SPARC is projected to attain Q approximate to 11 and P-fusion approximate to 140 MW. SPARC will therefore constitute a unique platform for burning plasma physics research with high density (< n(e)> approximate to 3 x 10(20) m(-3)), high temperature (< Te > approximate to 7 keV) and high power density (P-fusion/V-plasma approximate to 7 MWm(-3)) relevant to fusion power plants. SPARC's place in the path to commercial fusion energy, its parameters and the current status of SPARC design work are presented. This work also describes the basis for global performance projections and summarizes some of the physics analysis that is presented in greater detail in the companion articles of this collection.
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| 25. |
- Cummings, J., et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Effects of the BET Protein Inhibitor Apabetalone: A Prespecified Montreal Cognitive Assessment Analysis Nested in the BETonMACE Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimers Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 83:4, s. 1703-1715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epigenetic changes may contribute importantly to cognitive decline in late life including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic "readers" that may distort normal gene expression and contribute to chronic disorders. Objective: To assess the effects of apabetalone, a small molecule BET protein inhibitor, on cognitive performance of patients 70 years or older participating in a randomized trial of patients at high risk for major cardiovascular events (MACE). Methods: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was performed on all patients 70 years or older at the time of randomization. 464 participants were randomized to apabetalone or placebo in the cognition sub-study. In a prespecified analysis, participants were assigned to one of three groups: MoCA score >= 26 (normal performance), MoCA score 25-22 (mild cognitive impairment), and MoCA score <= 21 (dementia). Exposure to apabetalone was equivalent in the treatment groups in each MoCA-defined group. Results: Apabetalone was associated with an increased total MoCA score in participants with baseline MoCA score of <= 21 (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in change from baseline in the treatment groups with higher MoCA scores. In the cognition study, more patients randomized to apabetalone discontinued study drug for adverse effects (11.3% versus 7.9%). Conclusion: In this randomized controlled study, apabetalone was associated with improved cognition as measured by MoCA scores in those with baseline scores of 21 or less. BET protein inhibitors warrant further investigation for late life cognitive disorders.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Micai, M, et al.
(författare)
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Autistic Adult Services Availability, Preferences, and User Experiences: Results From the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union Survey
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 13, s. 919234-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is very little knowledge regarding autistic adult services, practices, and delivery. The study objective was to improve understanding of current services and practices for autistic adults and opportunities for improvement as part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union (ASDEU) project. Separate survey versions were created for autistic adults, carers of autistic adults, and professionals in adult services. 2,009 persons responded to the survey and 1,085 (54%) of them completed at least one of the services sections: 469 autistic adults (65% female; 55% <35 years old), 441 carers of autistic adults (27% female; 6% <35 years old), 175 professionals in adult services (76% female; 67% in non-medical services). Top choices by autistic adults, carers or professionals for services best suiting their current needs were: residential services: “help in own home” (adults, carers of high independent adults, professionals), “fulltime residential facility” (carers of low independent adults); employment services: “job mentors” (adults, carers of high independent adults, professionals), “Sheltered employment” (carers of low independent adults); education services: “support in regular education setting” (all groups); financial services: financial support in lieu of employment (“Supplementary income for persons unable to have full employment” for adults, “full pension” for carers of low independent adults) or to supplement employment earnings for carers of high independent adults and professionals; social services: “behavior training” (adults) and “life skills training” (carers and professionals). Waiting times for specific services were generally < 1 month or 1–3 months, except for residential services which could be up to 6 months; most professionals were uninformed of waiting times (>50% responded “don’t know”). Five of seven residential services features recommended for autistic adults were experienced by <50% of adults. The knowledge of good local services models that work well for autistic adults was generally low across all services areas. The variation in services experiences and perceptions reported by autistic adults, carers, or professionals underscore the need to query all groups for a complete picture of community services availability and needs. The results showed areas for potential improvement in autistic adult services delivery in the EU to achieve recommended standards.
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| 29. |
- Møller, Morten Hylander, et al.
(författare)
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Higher versus lower oxygenation targets in adult ICU patients : A rapid practice guideline
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-5172.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this Intensive Care Medicine Rapid Practice Guideline (ICM-RPG) was to provide evidence-based clinical guidance about the use of higher versus lower oxygenation targets for adult patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The guideline panel comprised 27 international panelists, including content experts, ICU clinicians, methodologists, and patient representatives. We adhered to the methodology for trustworthy clinical practice guidelines, including the use of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to assess the certainty of evidence, and used the Evidence-to-Decision framework to generate recommendations. A recently published updated systematic review and meta-analysis constituted the evidence base. Through teleconferences and web-based discussions, the panel provided input on the balance and magnitude of the desirable and undesirable effects, the certainty of evidence, patients' values and preferences, costs and resources, equity, feasibility, acceptability, and research priorities. The updated systematic review and meta-analysis included data from 17 randomized clinical trials with 10,248 participants. There was little to no difference between the use of higher versus lower oxygenation targets for all outcomes with available data, including all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, stroke, functional outcomes, cognition, and health-related quality of life (very low certainty of evidence). The panel felt that values and preferences, costs and resources, and equity favored the use of lower oxygenation targets. The ICM-RPG panel issued one conditional recommendation against the use of higher oxygenation targets: “We suggest against the routine use of higher oxygenation targets in adult ICU patients (conditional recommendation, very low certainty of evidence). Remark: an oxygenation target of SpO2 88%–92% or PaO2 8 kPa/60 mmHg is relevant and safe for most adult ICU patients.”.
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| 30. |
- Nicholl, M., et al.
(författare)
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Slowly fading super-luminous supernovae that are not pair-instability explosions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 502:7471, s. 346-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Super-luminous supernovae(1-4) that radiate more than 1044 ergs per second at their peak luminosity have recently been discovered in faint galaxies at redshifts of 0.1-4. Some evolve slowly, resembling models of 'pair-instability' supernovae(5,6). Such models involve stars with original masses 140-260 times that of the Sun that now have carbon-oxygen cores of 65-130 solar masses. In these stars, the photons that prevent gravitational collapse are converted to electron-positron pairs, causing rapid contraction and thermonuclear explosions. Many solar masses of Ni-56 are synthesized; this isotope decays to Fe-56 via Co-56, powering bright light curves(7,8). Such massive progenitors are expected to have formed from metal-poor gas in the early Universe(9). Recently, supernova 2007bi in a galaxy at redshift 0.127 (about 12 billion years after the Big Bang) with a metallicity one-third that of the Sun was observed to look like a fading pair-instability supernova(1,10). Here we report observations of two slow-to-fade super-luminous supernovae that show relatively fast rise times and blue colours, which are incompatible with pair-instability models. Their late-time light-curve and spectral similarities to supernova 2007bi call the nature of that event into question. Our early spectra closely resemble typical fast-declining super-luminous supernovae(2,11,12), which are not powered by radio-activity. Modelling our observations with 10-16 solar masses of magnetar-energized(13,14) ejecta demonstrates the possibility of a common explosion mechanism. The lack of unambiguous nearby pair-instability events suggests that their local rate of occurrence is less than 6 x 10(-6) times that of the core-collapse rate.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Álvarez Asencio, Rubén, et al.
(författare)
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Nanotribology : Tribotronics, ionic liquids and control of surface interactions
- 2013
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Ingår i: 5th World Tribology Congress, WTC 2013. ; , s. 3106-3108
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interfacial ordering of Ionic liquids leads to interesting nanotribological properties as revealed by colloid probe studies. The first of these is the clear correlation between the number of ion pairs trapped in the tribological contact and the friction coefficient displayed. The second is the fact that the surface electrical potential can be used to control the composition of the boundary layer and thus tune the friction. Thirdly, the interfacial ordering appears to significantly affect the fluid dynamics over large distances.
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| 35. |
- Bakker, D. C. E., et al.
(författare)
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An update to the surface ocean CO2 atlas (SOCAT version 2)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 6:1, s. 69-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO 2 values) and extended data coverage (from 1968-2007 to 1968-2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models. © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
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| 36. |
- Benedet Perea, Susana, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Cloning of two Atlantic salmon growth hormone receptor isoforms and in vitro ligand-binding response.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-1742 .- 1573-5168. ; 31:4, s. 315-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two isoforms of the full-length cDNA of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar; ss) were cloned by a PCR approach using RACE. Respectively, the cDNA sequences of ssGHR isoforms 1 and 2 are 2654 and 2608 nucleotides long, with 1782 and 1773 nucleotide ORFs. The resulting coded proteins are 594 and 590 aa long, with 19 and 20 aa signal peptides. The two isoforms share 86% protein and 87% cDNA sequence similarity. Isoform 1 is most similar to other salmonid GHR isoforms 1 while isoform 2 is most similar to salmonid GHR isoforms 2 (93–95%). Similarity with other teleost species was lower (37–44%). The bioactivity of the cloned ssGHR was tested by transfecting the ssGHR isoform 1 cDNA into CHO-K1 hamster cells, incubating with recombinant salmon GH (sGH) or native ovine prolactin (oPRL), and measuring cell proliferation by the MTT assay. The ssGHR-transfected cells significantly increased proliferation when stimulated by sGH at all concentrations. oPRL stimulated ssGHR-transfected cells at higher concentrations due to receptor cross reaction. ssGHR isoforms 1 and 2 contain a single transmembrane domain and the typical conserved motifs found in other teleost GHRs, including four paired cysteine residues and five potential N-glycosylation sites in the extracellular domain, Box I and Box II, as well as seven potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the intracellular domain. However, in salmonids, these motifs differ from those of other teleosts, and could be responsible for differentiated hormone binding, signal transduction and response.
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| 37. |
- Bowman, E. M. L., et al.
(författare)
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Advancing specificity in delirium: The delirium subtyping initiative
- 2024
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Ingår i: Alzheimers & Dementia. - 1552-5260. ; 20:1, s. 183-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDDelirium, a common syndrome with heterogeneous etiologies and clinical presentations, is associated with poor long-term outcomes. Recording and analyzing all delirium equally could be hindering the field's understanding of pathophysiology and identification of targeted treatments. Current delirium subtyping methods reflect clinically evident features but likely do not account for underlying biology. METHODSThe Delirium Subtyping Initiative (DSI) held three sessions with an international panel of 25 experts. RESULTSMeeting participants suggest further characterization of delirium features to complement the existing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision diagnostic criteria. These should span the range of delirium-spectrum syndromes and be measured consistently across studies. Clinical features should be recorded in conjunction with biospecimen collection, where feasible, in a standardized way, to determine temporal associations of biology coincident with clinical fluctuations. DISCUSSIONThe DSI made recommendations spanning the breadth of delirium research including clinical features, study planning, data collection, and data analysis for characterization of candidate delirium subtypes. HighlightsDelirium features must be clearly defined, standardized, and operationalized.Large datasets incorporating both clinical and biomarker variables should be analyzed together.Delirium screening should incorporate communication and reasoning.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Clack, Christopher T. M., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a proposal for reliable low-cost grid power with 100% wind, water, and solar
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : NATL ACAD SCIENCES. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 114:26, s. 6722-6727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of analyses, meta-analyses, and assessments, including those performed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and the International Energy Agency, have concluded that deployment of a diverse portfolio of clean energy technologies makes a transition to a low-carbon-emission energy system both more feasible and less costly than other pathways. In contrast, Jacobson et al. [Jacobson MZ, Delucchi MA, Cameron MA, Frew BA (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112(49): 15060-15065] argue that it is feasible to provide "low-cost solutions to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of WWS [wind, water and solar power] across all energy sectors in the continental United States between 2050 and 2055", with only electricity and hydrogen as energy carriers. In this paper, we evaluate that study and find significant shortcomings in the analysis. In particular, we point out that this work used invalid modeling tools, contained modeling errors, and made implausible and inadequately supported assumptions. Policy makers should treat with caution any visions of a rapid, reliable, and low-cost transition to entire energy systems that relies almost exclusively on wind, solar, and hydroelectric power.
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| 40. |
- Commowick, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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Objective Evaluation of Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation using a Data Management and Processing Infrastructure
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a study of multiple sclerosis segmentation algorithms conducted at the international MICCAI 2016 challenge. This challenge was operated using a new open-science computing infrastructure. This allowed for the automatic and independent evaluation of a large range of algorithms in a fair and completely automatic manner. This computing infrastructure was used to evaluate thirteen methods of MS lesions segmentation, exploring a broad range of state-of-theart algorithms, against a high-quality database of 53 MS cases coming from four centers following a common definition of the acquisition protocol. Each case was annotated manually by an unprecedented number of seven different experts. Results of the challenge highlighted that automatic algorithms, including the recent machine learning methods (random forests, deep learning,.), are still trailing human expertise on both detection and delineation criteria. In addition, we demonstrate that computing a statistically robust consensus of the algorithms performs closer to human expertise on one score (segmentation) although still trailing on detection scores.
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| 41. |
- De Las Casas, Luis E., et al.
(författare)
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Intraoperative Cytology for Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery : A Quality Improvement Analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-4975. ; 113:2, s. 413-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Frozen section is a standard of care procedure during thoracic surgery when an immediate diagnosis is needed. An alternative procedure is intraoperative cytology. Video-assisted thoracic surgery is currently widely used for thoracic surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to assess intraoperative cytology together with frozen section for accuracy, turnaround time, and total response time during video-assisted thoracic surgery. Methods: We included patients having video-assisted thoracic surgery between August 2018 and February 2019 at our institution. A cytopathologist and a surgical pathologist independently performed intraoperative cytology and frozen sections, respectively. Final histologic diagnosis was the reference standard. Intraoperative cytology, frozen section turnaround, and total response times were analyzed. Results: A total of 52 specimens from 27 patients were included. The intraoperative cytology correlated with final histology in 98% of cases. Frozen section correlated with final histology in 100% of cases. Intraoperative cytology turnaround and total response times were equal (mean, 4.35 minutes; range, 2-15 minutes). Mean frozen section turnaround and response times were 26.2 minutes (range, 9-61 minutes) and 36.7 minutes (range, 16-90 minutes), respectively. We found a statistically significant difference between intraoperative cytology and frozen section turnaround time and total response times (P < .001). Conclusions: This study highlights that intraoperative cytology could be as accurate as frozen section and considerably faster during video-assisted thoracic surgery (P < .001). Total response time could potentially be used as a quality metric for video-assisted thoracic surgery.
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| 42. |
- Du, Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid is a significant fluid source for anoxic cerebral oedema
- 2022
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Ingår i: Brain : a journal of neurology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2156. ; 145:2, s. 787-797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral oedema develops after anoxic brain injury. In two models of asphyxial and asystolic cardiac arrest without resuscitation, we found that oedema develops shortly after anoxia secondary to terminal depolarizations and the abnormal entry of CSF. Oedema severity correlated with the availability of CSF with the age-dependent increase in CSF volume worsening the severity of oedema. Oedema was identified primarily in brain regions bordering CSF compartments in mice and humans. The degree of ex vivo tissue swelling was predicted by an osmotic model suggesting that anoxic brain tissue possesses a high intrinsic osmotic potential. This osmotic process was temperature-dependent, proposing an additional mechanism for the beneficial effect of therapeutic hypothermia. These observations show that CSF is a primary source of oedema fluid in anoxic brain. This novel insight offers a mechanistic basis for the future development of alternative strategies to prevent cerebral oedema formation after cardiac arrest.
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| 43. |
- Elbourne, Aaron, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorbed and near-surface structure of ionic liquids determines nanoscale friction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 49:60, s. 6797-6799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface-adsorbed and near-surface ion layer structure controls nanotribology in the silica-propylammonium nitrate (PAN)-mica system. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging and normal force curves reveal that the normal load dictates the number of interfacial ion layers and the lateral layer structure. Shear force measurements show the lubricity of the interface changes with the number, and lateral structure, of the confined ion layer(s).
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| 44. |
- Gale, S. J., et al.
(författare)
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Band termination spectroscopy in 157Er
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - 0954-3899. ; 21:2, s. 193-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The level scheme of 157Er has been extended from a spin region where the nucleus behaves as a prolate rotor to a region where the spin is produced by the alignment of all or most of the available valence nucleons along the symmetry axis of a weakly deformed oblate shape. The level scheme was established at high spin using up to four-fold gamma -ray coincidences detected in the Eurogam spectrometer following the reaction 114Cd( 48Ca,5n)157Er at a bombarding energy of 210 MeV. Particularly favoured states have been established at IK=69/2+, 81/2+, 71/2+, 77/2-, 87-/2 and 89-/2. Specific single-particle configurations are assigned to these special states by comparison with cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. These states are related to structures observed in the neighbouring nuclei 158Er and 157Ho. These data provide the spectrum of single-particle states for the lowest lying valence orbitals above the 146Gd closed core.
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| 45. |
- Goldberg, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Oxadiazole isomers : all bioisosteres are not created equal
- 2012
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Ingår i: MedChemComm. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-2503 .- 2040-2511. ; 3:5, s. 600-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two series of amino-substituted 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-oxadiazole matched compounds were evaluated and found to have significant differences in their various physical and pharmaceutical properties. Experimental and computational techniques suggested that variation in hydrogen bond acceptor and donor strength were responsible for these effects.
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| 46. |
- Henningsson, G, et al.
(författare)
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Universal parameters for reporting speech outcomes in individuals with cleft palate
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. - : SAGE Publications. - 1055-6656. ; 45:1, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve consistency and uniformity in reporting speech outcomes in individuals born with cleft palate with or without cleft lip using perceptual parameters that characterize their speech production behavior regardless of the language or languages spoken. Design: A working group of six individuals experienced in speech and cleft palate was formed to develop a system of universal parameters for reporting speech outcomes in individuals born with cleft palate. The system was adopted in conjunction with a workshop held in Washington, D.C., that was devoted to developing the universal system. The system, which was refined further following the workshop, involves a three-stage plan consisting of (1) evaluation, (2) mapping, and (3) reporting. The current report focuses primarily on the third stage, reporting speech outcomes. Results: A set of five universal speech parameters has been devised for the reporting stage. These consist of (1) hypernasality, (2) hyponasality, (3) audible nasal air emission and/or nasal turbulence, (4) consonant production errors, and (5) voice disorder. Also included are speech understandability and speech acceptability, global parameters that can be reported for any type of speech disorder. The parameters are described in detail, and guidelines for speech-sampling content and scoring procedures in relation to the parameters are presented. Conclusion: A plan has been developed to document speech outcomes in individuals with cleft palate, regardless of the spoken language, using a set of five universal reporting parameters and two global speech parameters.
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| 47. |
- Henningsson, G, et al.
(författare)
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Untitled
- 2008
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Ingår i: CLEFT PALATE CRANIOFACIAL JOURNAL. - : SAGE Publications. - 1055-6656 .- 1545-1569. ; 45:4, s. 454-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
- Hildahl, Jon, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of two isoforms of Atlantic halibut insulin-like growth factor-I receptor genes and quantitative gene expression during metamorphosis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-4959. ; 147:3, s. 395-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an important regulator of growth and development in vertebrates. Both the endocrine and paracrine actions of IGF-I are mediated through ligand-binding to a membrane-bound IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR). The characterization of this receptor and subsequent expression studies thus help elucidate the endocrine regulation of developmental processes. As other flatfish species, the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) undergoes a dramatic larval metamorphosis. This process is largely under endocrine control, and data indicate that IGF-I could be a key regulator. IGF-I content increases up to late pre-metamorphosis and decreases during metamorphosis. The IGF-IR has, however, not been studied during flatfish metamorphosis. To examine IGF-IR gene expression, two IGF-IR mRNA were cloned and sequenced. These partial sequences share high identity (≥ 95%) and similarity (≥ 97%) with other fish IGF-IR and lower identity (≥ 77%) and similarity (≥ 83.5%) with Japanese flounder insulin receptors. The expression of mRNA for both IGF-IR was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR during six larval developmental stages from pre- to post-metamorphosis. IGF-IR1 and IGF-IR2 mRNA are differentially expressed during metamorphosis, but if this indicates an isoform-specific regulation of developmental processes by circulating and/or locally-secreted IGF-I is unclear. Both IGF-IR genes are down-regulated in halibut larvae experiencing arrested metamorphosis, suggesting the IGF-I system is critical for metamorphic success in halibut.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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