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1.
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2.
  • Syberfeldt, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • A serious game for understanding artificial intelligence in production optimization
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games, CIG2010. - : IEEE. - 9781424462971 - 9781424462964 - 9781424462957 ; , s. 443-449
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper describes a serious game that can be used to teach and demonstrate production optimization using artificial intelligence techniques. The game takes place in a physical Lego factory and is designed to be an enjoyable learning experience.
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3.
  • Andersson, Martin, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Evolutionary Simulation Optimization of Personnel Scheduling
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: 12th International Industrial Simulation Conference 2014. - : Eurosis. - 9789077381830 ; , s. 61-65
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a simulation-optimization system for personnel scheduling. The system is developed for the Swedish postal services and aims at finding personnel schedules that minimizes both total man hours and the administrative burden of the person responsible for handling schedules. For the optimization, the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II is implemented. The simulation-optimization system is evaluated on a real-world test case and results from the evaluation shows that the algorithm is successful in optimizing the problem.
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4.
  • Andersson, My, et al. (författare)
  • Improved interaction with collaborative robots - evaluation of event-specific haptic feedback in virtual reality
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0509. ; 232, s. 1055-1064
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industry 5.0 adopts a human-centric approach that views humans as a natural part of introducing new technology, such as collaborative robots. However, one of the main challenges in implementing collaborative robots is safety, including the sense of safety. Trust is also a primary challenge when establishing functional collaboration. Influencing factors includes experience and expertise, and research shows that Virtual Reality has the potential to perform such training. This research aims to investigate whether using virtual reality with appropriate feedback can be an effective platform for familiarization and training. In our experiment, we utilized haptic feedback from commercial Virtual Reality controllers to simulate physical interactions with collaborative robots. The experiment involved the participation of fifteen individuals. The results showed that participants regarded haptic feedback while moving as the most appropriate representation. This research aims to identify whether Virtual Reality with suitable feedback can serve as a familiarization and training platform.
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5.
  • Andersson, Martin, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Parameter tuned CMA-ES on the CEC'15 expensive problems
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: 2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479974924 - 9781479974917 ; , s. 1950-1957
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Evolutionary optimization algorithms have parameters that are used to adapt the search strategy to suit different optimization problems. Selecting the optimal parameter values for a given problem is difficult without a-priori knowledge. Experimental studies can provide this knowledge by finding the best parameter values for a specific set of problems. This knowledge can also be constructed into heuristics (rule-of-thumbs) that can adapt the parameters for the problem. The aim of this paper is to assess the heuristics of the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) optimization algorithm. This is accomplished by tuning CMA-ES parameters so as to maximize its performance on the CEC'15 problems, using a bilevel optimization approach that searches for the optimal parameter values. The optimized parameter values are compared against the parameter values suggested by the heuristics. The difference between specialized and generalized parameter values are also investigated.
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6.
  • Andersson, Martin, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Parameter Tuning of MOEAs Using a Bilevel Optimization Approach
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization. - Cham : Springer International Publishing Switzerland. - 9783319159331 - 9783319159348 ; , s. 233-247
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The performance of an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) can be greatly influenced by its parameters. The optimal parameter settings are also not necessarily the same across different problems. Finding the optimal set of parameters is therefore a difficult and often time-consuming task. This paper presents results of parameter tuning experiments on the NSGA-II and NSGA-III algorithms using the ZDT test problems. The aim is to gain new insights on the characteristics of the optimal parameter settings and to study if the parameters impose the same effect on both NSGA-II and NSGA-III. The experiments also aim at testing if the rule of thumb that the mutation probability should be set to one divided by the number of decision variables is a good heuristic on the ZDT problems. A comparison of the performance of NSGA-II and NSGA-III on the ZDT problems is also made.
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7.
  • Aslam, Tehseen, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Towards an industrial testbed for holistic virtual production development
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXII. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781614999010 - 9781614999027 ; , s. 369-374
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Virtual production development is adopted by many companies in the production industry and digital models and virtual tools are utilized for strategic, tactical and operational decisions in almost every stage of the value chain. This paper suggest a testbed concept that aims the production industry to adopt a virtual production development process with integrated tool chains that enables holistic optimizations, all the way from the overall supply chain performance down to individual equipment/devices. The testbed, which is fully virtual, provides a mean for development and testing of integrated digital models and virtual tools, including both technical and methodological aspects.
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8.
  • Azamfirei, Victor (författare)
  • Robotic in-line quality inspection for changeable zero defect manufacturing
  • 2021
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The growing customer demands for product variety have put unprecedented pressure on the manufacturing companies. To maintain their competitiveness, manufacturing companies need to frequently and efficiently adapt their processes while providing high-quality products. Different advanced manufacturing technologies, such as industrial robotics, have seen a drastic usage increase. Nevertheless, traditional quality methods, such as quality inspection, suffer from significant limitations in highly customised small batch production. For quality inspection to remain fundamental for zero-defect manufacturing and Industry 4.0, an increase in flexibility, speed, availability and decision upon conformance reliability is needed. If robots could perform in-line quality inspection, defective components might be prevented from continuing to the next production stage. Recent developments in robot cognition and sensor systems have enabled the robot to carry out perception tasks they were previously unable to do. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the usage of robotic in-line quality inspection during changeable zero-defect manufacturing. To fulfil this aim, this thesis adopts a mixed-methods research approach to qualitative and quantitative studies, as well as theoretical and empirical ones. The foundation for this thesis is an extensive literature review and two case studies that have been performed in close collaboration with manufacturing companies to investigate how in-line quality inspection is perceived and utilised to enhance industrial robots. The empirical studies also aimed at identifying and describing what opportunities arise from having robotic in-line quality inspection systems. The result of this thesis is a synthesis of literature and empirical findings. From the literature review/study, the need for enhancing quality inspection was identified and a multi-layer quality inspection framework suitable for the digital transformation was proposed. The framework is built on the assumption that data (used and collected) needs to be validated, holistic, and online, i.e. when needed, for the system to effectively decide upon conformity to surpass the challenges of reliability, flexibility and autonomy. Empirical studies show that industrial robotic applications can be improved in precision and flexibility using the in-line quality inspection system as measurement-assisted. Nevertheless, this methodological changes and robot application face the hurdle of previous and current management decisions when passing from one industrial paradigm to another (e.g. mass production to flexible production). A discussion on equipment design and manufacturing process harmony and how in-line quality inspection and management can harmonise such a system was provided.
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9.
  • Bernedixen, Jacob (författare)
  • Automated Bottleneck Analysis of Production Systems : Increasing the applicability of simulation-based multi-objective optimization for bottleneck analysis within industry
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Manufacturing companies constantly need to explore new management strategies and new methods to increase the efficiency of their production systems and retain their competitiveness. It is of paramount importance to develop new bottleneck analysis methods that can identify the factors that impede the overall performance of their productionsystems so that the optimal improvement actions can be performed. Many of the bottleneck-related research methods developed in the last two decades are aimed mainly at detecting bottlenecks. Due to their sole reliance on historical data and lackof any predictive capability, they are less useful for evaluating the effect of bottleneck improvements.There is an urgent need for an efficient and accurate method of pinpointing bottlenecks, identifying the correct improvement actions and the order in which these should be carried out, and evaluating their effects on the overall system performance. SCORE (simulation-based constraint removal) is a novel method that uses simulation based multi-objective optimization to analyze bottlenecks. By innovatively formulating bottleneck analysis as a multi-objective optimization problem and using simulation to evaluate the effects of various combinations of improvements, all attainable, maximum throughput levels of the production system can be sought through a single optimization run. Additionally, post-optimality frequency analysis of the Pareto-optimal solutions can generate a rank order of the attributes of the resources required to achieve the target throughput levels. However, in its original compilation, SCORE has a very high computational cost, especially when the simulation model is complex with a large number of decision variables. Some tedious manual setup of the simulation based optimization is also needed, which restricts its applicability within industry, despite its huge potential. Furthermore, the accuracy of SCORE in terms of convergence in optimization theory and correctness of identifying the optimal improvement actions has not been evaluated scientifically.Building on previous SCORE research, the aim of this work is to develop an effective method of automated, accurate bottleneck identification and improvement analysis that can be applied in industry.The contributions of this thesis work include:(1) implementation of a versatile representation in terms of multiple-choice set variables and a corresponding constraint repair strategy into evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms;(2) introduction of a novel technique that combines variable screening enabled initializationof population and variable-wise genetic operators to support a more efficient search process;(3) development of an automated setup for SCORE to avoid the tedious manual creation of optimization variables and objectives;(4) the use of ranking distance metrics to quantify and visualize the convergence and accuracy of the bottleneck ranking generated by SCORE.All these contributions have been demonstrated and evaluated through extensive experiments on scalable benchmark simulation models as well as several large-scale simulation models for real-world improvement projects in the automotive industry.The promising results have proved that, when augmented with the techniques proposed in this thesis, the SCORE method can offer real benefits to manufacturing companies by optimizing their production systems.
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10.
  • Birtic, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring Production System Knowledge Graph Applications Using a Simulation Framework
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation and Work Integrated Learning. - : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; , s. 268-279
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Knowledge graphs are generating significant interest in industry and research. These graphs can be enriched with data to represent aspects of production systems such as their structure, component interrelationships, and conditions. This provides opportunities to gain insights into system behavior, performance, and states. Such insights could potentially be leveraged by a wide range of technologies for a multitude of purposes and applications such as system control, process optimization, and informed decision making. However, the existing literature addressing industrial applications of knowledge graphs related to production systems remains limited in scope and depth. This underscores the importance of developing methods for exploring the potential use and implementation of knowledge graphs in such systems. The primary focus of this study centers on facilitating such exploration by developing a virtual commissioning simulation framework. A modular production system is modelled that leverages physics, moving product dynamics, and incorporates authentic PLC and robot programs. A knowledge graph is integrated and enriched with data representing various aspects of the system. An application is developed to facilitate product routing and prioritization. A service-oriented approach is used that leverages graph data processing and exchange for service registration and matching. System simulations are conducted and subsequently the framework is evaluated for outcomes and findings. This study demonstrates the successful design and implementation of a production system simulation framework that uses knowledge graphs for system functionality. It demonstrates the exploration of knowledge graph applications through the development of a modular and service-oriented system that includes system functionality supported by the graph. The results highlight the potential of simulation suggesting its capacity for valuable exploration regarding potential applications of knowledge graphs within production systems. 
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11.
  • Birtic, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the Synergies of Modularization, Interface Standardization, and Service-Orientation in Production System Simulation
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation and Work Integrated Learning. - : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; , s. 185-195
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Production systems of the future may be in constant flux and reconfiguration, continuously adapting to changing production conditions. Digital models and simulation are powerful tools that can be used for their design and operation. These models must co-evolve with the physical system to sustain their usefulness and relevance. This poses a significant barrier, given the complexities involved in their efficient creation and maintenance. To understand whether certain system design concepts make the simulation process easier, this study aims to investigate a combination of concepts that promote reconfigurability and flexibility to explore whether they can positively influence the simulation process. By integrating modularization, interface standardization, and a service-oriented architecture it is believed to support faster and easier creation and updates of digital models. Modularization enhances flexibility by decomposing complex systems into independent, interchangeable modules. Standardizing interfaces ensures uniformity and compatibility among modules. Using a service-oriented architecture entails the encapsulation of various functionalities within modules as services, which can be dynamically requested. Shedding light on the advantages arising from modeling and simulating systems adhering to the mentioned concepts the research also aims to lay the groundwork for further investigation into the potential synergies of these promising production concepts. The study’s methodology includes modeling and programming of industrial robotic production modules adhering to predefined physical and logical interfaces. Interoperability and service orchestration are achieved through a service-oriented architecture. A simulated Manufacturing Execution System is integrated to facilitate handling of module services, product data and service requirements. Finally, a specialized software plugin was developed to support rapid module instantiation into a production system for evaluation. Results suggest that using a modular approach may ease modelling and simulation efforts and could be supported further by developing tailored tools for rapid system development. 
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12.
  • Birtic, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Towards ultra-flexibility : a framework for evaluating the cyber-physical continuum in flexible production systems
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0509. ; 232, s. 645-654
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Flexibility is often cited as a desirable key characteristic of modern production systems. In ultra-flexible production, machinery and layouts are in a constant state of adaptation to accommodate changing orders, varying products, or evolving conditions. Cyber-physical integration has been proposed as a potential approach to increasing system flexibility with Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) and Digital Twins (DT) as central concepts. While numerous architectures, frameworks and approaches have been proposed for CPPS and DT development, further research is motivated regarding the development of a requirement-based framework that links together the high-level system property of flexibility and lower-level system components, enabling the analysis, prescription and comparison of systems. Such a framework could enable manufacturers to continuously evaluate and improve manufacturing systems' flexibility as well as make informed design decisions. Ultimately enhancing system flexibility and responsiveness to changing production conditions. This study aims to initiate the development and formulation of such a requirements-based framework linking flexibility and lower-level system components. Additionally, it seeks to introduce the concept of a”cyber-physical continuum, ” which the study aims to define as a potential quantifiable indicator reflecting flexibility within production systems. This is achieved by leveraging prior CPPS research based on high-level system requirements. These requirements were expanded by branching each requirement into lower-level components creating a more granular scope and providing a finer lens for analysis and assessment. The framework was then applied to assess a high-mix, low-volume manufacturing scenario. Application of the preliminary framework in the case study indicates its potential utility in providing a useful view of the cyber-physical content of a system. Moreover, it serves as a valuable guide for pinpointing areas for improvement and development. By developing a framework that seamlessly links high-level flexibility requirements with detailed implementation requirements, systems can be comprehensively evaluated, methodically prescribed, and effectively compared. As future work, further refinement and validation of this framework will be crucial to ensuring its validity and applicability across diverse manufacturing contexts. 
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13.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing Instructions in Augmented Reality for Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly by Using Demonstrators
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 63, s. 89-94, s. 89-94
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Robots are becoming more adaptive and aware of their surroundings. This has opened up the research area of tight human-robot collaboration,where humans and robots work directly interconnected rather than in separate cells. The manufacturing industry is in constant need ofdeveloping new products. This means that operators are in constant need of learning new ways of manufacturing. If instructions to operatorsand interaction between operators and robots can be virtualized this has the potential of being more modifiable and available to the operators.Augmented Reality has previously shown to be effective in giving operators instructions in assembly, but there are still knowledge gapsregarding evaluation and general design guidelines. This paper has two aims. Firstly it aims to assess if demonstrators can be used to simulatehuman-robot collaboration. Secondly it aims to assess if Augmented Reality-based interfaces can be used to guide test-persons through apreviously unknown assembly procedure. The long-term goal of the demonstrator is to function as a test-module for how to efficiently instructoperators collaborating with a robot. Pilot-tests have shown that Augmented Reality instructions can give enough information for untrainedworkers to perform simple assembly-tasks where parts of the steps are done with direct collaboration with a robot. Misunderstandings of theinstructions from the test-persons led to multiple errors during assembly so future research is needed in how to efficiently design instructions.
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14.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982- (författare)
  • Augmented reality smart glasses as assembly operator support : Towards a framework for enabling industrial integration
  • 2020
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Operators are likely to continue to play an integral part in industrial assembly for the foreseeable future. This is in part because increasingly shorter life-cycles and increased variety of products makes automation harder to achieve. As technological advancements enables greater digitalization, the demands for increased individual designs of products increases. These changes, combined with a global competition, does put an increasing strain on operators to handle large quantities of information in a short timeframe. Augmented reality (AR) has been identified as a technology that can present assembly information to operators in an efficient manner. AR smart glasses (ARSG) is an implementation of AR suitable for operators since they are hands-free and can provide individual instructions in the correct context directly in their real work environment. There are currently early adopters of ARSG in production within industry and there are many predictions that ARSG usage will continue to grow. However, to fully integrate ARSG as a tool among others in a modern and complex factory there are several perspectives that a company need to take into consideration. This thesis investigates both the operator perspective and the manufacturing engineering perspective to support industry in how to make the correct investment decisions as regards to ARSG.The aim of this licentiate thesis is to provide a basis for a framework to enable industry to choose and integrate ARSG in production as a value adding operator support. This is achieved by investigating the theoretical basis of ARSG related technology and its maturity as well as the needs operators have in ARSG for their usage in assembly. The philosophical paradigm that is followed is that of pragmatism. The methodology used is design science, set in the research paradigm of mixed methods. Data has been collected through experiments with demonstrators, interviews, observations, and literature reviews. This thesis provides partial answers to the overall research aim.The thesis shows that the topic is feasible, relevant to industry, and a novel scientific contribution. Observations, interviews, and a literature review gave an overview of the operator perspective. Some highlights from the results are that operators are willing to work with ARSG, that operators need help in unlearning old tasks as well as learning new ones, and that optimal weight distribution of ARSG is dependent on the operators’ head-positioning. Highlights from the preliminary findings for the manufacturing engineering perspective include a general lack of standards for AR as regards vertical industrial application, improved tools for faster instruction generation, and large variations in specifications of available ARSG.Future work includes a complete answer to the manufacturing engineering perspective as well as combining all the results to create a framework for ARSG integration in industry.
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15.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982- (författare)
  • Augmented reality smart glasses as assembly operator support : A framework for enabling industrial integration
  • 2022
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Manufacturing industry is seeing vast improvements in productivity and flexibility as the fourth industrial revolution continues to unfold. However, despite improved computation and automation capacity, there is still a role for operators to play in Industry 4.0, mirrored in the concept of Operator 4.0. Improved productivity and a more competitive global market have contributed to increasing manufacturing complexity, putting greater cognitive demands on operators. A technology that can support operators in this new manufacturing landscape is augmented reality (AR), specifically, headworn AR smart glasses (ARSG). With ARSG, operators can receive information interactively in real time, hands free and overlying their natural environment. ARSG are an emerging technology that is becoming more mature; there are early examples of their use in manufacturing industry, but ARSG are not yet widespread.Because ARSG are an emerging technology, there is still uncertainty as to how ARSG can be integrated, like other production equipment, in assembly lines. When current literature was analyzed, it was found that there is a need for more knowledge particularly from the manufacturing engineering perspective of practically integrating ARSG on the industrial shop floor in the long term. This thesis therefore aims to create a framework that supports industry in making strategic and practical decisions about integrating ARSG in production as an assembly operator support tool. The framework is designed to guide industrial decision makers in evaluating the suitability of ARSG as support in an assembly station and, further to offer specific recommendations and rationales for actions to take. It has two main perspectives: the operators using the ARSG and the manufacturing engineers conducting the integration into the production systems. The framework was iteratively developed, using design science combining qualitative and quantitative methods into mixed methods. Three research questions were developed and answered as steps toward creating and evaluating the framework.The results of the thesis show that ARSG integration should be considered in relation to the investment cost and efficiency gains. For instance, ARSG requires the digitalization of assembly instructions before it can be feasible. If operators are mostly stationary when working and have little need for spatial guidance, there might be cheaper alternatives to ARSG, such as monitors or pick-by-light, that merit prior consideration. The framework has been developed and tested iteratively with industrial experts from different fields, with the initial strawman design based on three literature reviews and previous research.
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16.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Augmented Reality Smart Glasses for Industrial Assembly Operators : A Meta-Analysis and Categorization
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXIII. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643680088 - 9781643680095 ; , s. 173-179
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG) are an emerging technology that has the potential to revolutionize how operators interact with information in cyber-physical systems. However, augmented reality is currently not widespread in industrial assembly. The aim of this paper is to investigate and map ARSG in manufacturing from the perspectives of the operator, of manufacturing engineering, and of its technological maturity. This mapping provides an overview of topics relevant to enabling the implementation of ARSG in a manufacturing system, thus facilitating future exploration of the three perspectives. This investigation was done using a meta-analysis of literature reviews of applications of augmented reality in industrial manufacturing. The meta-analysis categorized previously identified topics within augmented reality in industrial manufacturing and mapped those to the scope of the three perspectives.
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17.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Augmented Reality Smart Glasses for Industry : How to Choose the Right Glasses
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation and Work Integrated Learning. - : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; , s. 289-298
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG) have been available as a commercial product since 2015. Many potential usage areas have been identified, including industrial use. The needs from industry have evolved, with more emphasis being put on sustainability. While ARSG can help improve efficiency and sustainability, there are also similarly associated costs to their implementation and use. This paper aims to present a process for how to choose ARSG for specific use cases as assembly operator support while considering the sustainability of their implementation. A narrative review of the literature was made to identify the current understanding of the environmental impact of ARSG, as well as what has been considered in regards to ARSG being integrated into a manufacturing environment. The analysis of the literature resulted in a proposed decision process. The decision process serves as a baseline for how to guide the decision of whether ARSG could be a suitable solution and, if so, what aspects to consider in the choosing of the ARSG model. Future work includes collaboration with industry to further improve the decision process based on empirical input. 
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18.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Augmented reality smart glasses for operators in production : Survey of relevant categories for supporting operators
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 93, s. 1298-1303
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the current knowledge and future challenges of augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG) for use by industrial operators. This is accomplished through a survey of the operator perspective of ARSG for industrial application, aiming for faster implementation of ARSG for operators in manufacturing. The survey considers the categories assembly instructions, human factors, design, support, and training from the operator perspective to provide insights for efficient use of ARSG in production. The main findings include a lack of standards in the design of assembly instructions, the field of view of ARSG are limited, and the guidelines for designing instructions focus on presenting context-relevant information and limiting the disturbance of reality. Furthermore, operator task routine is becoming more difficult to achieve and testing has mainly been with non-operator testers and overly simplified tasks. Future challenges identified from the review include: longitudinal user-tests of ARSG, a deeper evaluation of how to distribute the weight of ARSG, further improvement of the sensors and visual recognition to facilitate better interaction, and task complexity is likely to increase.
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19.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Augmented reality smart glasses in industrial assembly : Current status and future challenges
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Information Integration. - : Elsevier. - 2467-964X .- 2452-414X. ; 20
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article aims to provide a better understanding of Augmented Reality Smart Glasses (ARSG) for assembly operators from two perspectives, namely, manufacturing engineering and technological maturity. A literature survey considers both these perspectives of ARSG. The article's contribution is an investigation of the current status as well as challenges for future development of ARSG regarding usage in the manufacturing industry in relation to the two perspectives. This survey thereby facilitate a better future integration of ARSG in manufacturing. Findings include that commercially available ARSG differ considerably in their hardware specifications. The Technological Readiness Level (TRL) of some of the components of ARSG is still low, with displays having a TRL of 7 and tracking a TRL of 5. A mapping of tracking technologies and their suitability for industrial ARSG was done and identified Bluetooth, micro-electro mechanical sensors (MEMS) and infrared sensors as potentially suitable technologies to improve tracking. Future work identified is to also explore the operator perspective of ARSG in manufacturing. © 2020
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20.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation Framework for Augmented Reality Smart Glasses as Assembly Operator Support : Case Study of Tool Implementation
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 9, s. 104904-104914
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG) have been identified as relevant support tools for the Operator 4.0 paradigm. Although ARSG are starting to be used in industry, their use is not yet widespread. A previously developed online tool based on a framework for evaluating ARSG as assembly operator support is iteratively improved in this paper with expanded functionality. The added functionality consists of practical recommendations for implementing ARSG in production. These recommendations were produced with the help of five focus groups of industrial representatives working in production. The recommendations were evaluated using case studies at three different companies. The recommendations were found to be detailed and a good support for the process of considering ARSG integration into production. The companies overall found the tool and its recommendations to be relevant and correct for their cases.
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21.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Integration of Augmented Reality Smart Glasses as Assembly Support : A Framework Implementation in a Quick Evaluation Tool
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Manufacturing Research. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1750-0591 .- 1750-0605. ; 18:2, s. 144-164
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG) have been successfully used as operator support in production. However, their use is not yet widespread, likely in part due to a lack of knowledge about how to integrate ARSG into production. This lack of knowledge can also make it hard to estimate whether this is a worthwhile investment. Our solution is to provide an online evaluation tool to help production planners estimate the likelihood that ARSG will be worth the investment cost in specific production cases. Based on a strawman design, multiple design iterations were followed by a pilot test performed by participants from different manufacturing companies involved in planning production for operators. A Likert scale survey was used to evaluate the tool. The results show a slightly positive evaluation of the tool with suggestions for improvement, including widening the scope and granularity of the tool. Future works include further iterations and case studies.
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22.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Operators perspective on augmented reality as a support tool in engine assembly
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 45-50, s. 45-50
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Augmented Reality (AR) has shown its potential in supporting operators in manufacturing. AR-glasses as a platform both in industrial use are emerging markets, thereby making portable and hands-free AR more and more feasible. An important aspect of integrating AR as a support tool for operators is their acceptance of the technology. This paper presents the results of interviewing operators regarding their view on AR technology in their field and observing them working in automotive engine assembly and how they interact with current instructions. The observations and follow-up questions identified three main aspects of the information that the operators looked at: validating screw torque, their current assembly time, and if something went wrong. The interviews showed that a large amount of the operators were positive towards using AR in assembly. This has given an insight in both the current information interaction the operators do and their view on the potential in using AR. Based on these insights we suggest a mock-up design of an AR-interface for engine assembly to serve as a base for future prototype designs.
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23.
  • Despeisse, Mélanie, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Achieving Circular and Efficient Production Systems : Emerging Challenges from Industrial Cases
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Advances in Production Management Systems. Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable and Resilient Production Systems. - Cham : Springer. - 1868-4238 .- 1868-422X. - 9783030859091 - 9783030859121 - 9783030859107 ; , s. 523-533
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As the need for more responsible production and consumption grows quickly, so does the interest in the concepts of eco-efficiency and circularity. To make swift progress towards sustainability, solutions must be developed and deployed at scale. It is therefore critical to understand the challenges faced by industry to accelerate the uptake of best practices for circular and efficient production systems. This paper presents the emerging issues from three industrial pilots in an on-going collaborative project. We discuss and suggest further work around crucial questions such as: How to deploy circular solutions from lab to industrial scale? How can digitalization support efficient circular processes?. 
  •  
24.
  • Fathi, Masood, et al. (författare)
  • An improved genetic algorithm with variable neighborhood search to solve the assembly line balancing problem
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Engineering computations. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0264-4401 .- 1758-7077. ; 37:2, s. 501-521
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose – This study aims to propose an efficient optimization algorithm to solve the assembly line balancing problem (ALBP). The ALBP arises in high-volume, lean production systems when decision makers aim to design an efficient assembly line while satisfying a set of constraints.Design/methodology/approach – An improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed in this study to deal with ALBP in order to optimize the number of stations and the workload smoothness.Findings – To evaluate the performance of the IGA, it is used to solve a set of well-known benchmark problems and a real-life problem faced by an automobile manufacturer. The solutions obtained are compared against two existing algorithms in the literature and the basic genetic algorithm. The comparisons show the high efficiency and effectiveness of the IGA in dealing with ALBPs.Originality/value – The proposed IGA benefits from a novel generation transfer mechanism that improves the diversification capability of the algorithm by allowing population transfer between different generations. In addition, an effective variable neighborhood search is employed in the IGA to enhance its local search capability.
  •  
25.
  • Fathi, Masood, et al. (författare)
  • An Interpretive Structural Modeling of Teamwork Training in Higher Education
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Education Sciences. - Switzerland : MDPI. - 2227-7102. ; 9:1, s. 1-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the past decade, the importance of teamwork training in higher education and employers’ enthusiasm for recruiting team players have been widely discussed in the literature. Yet, the process through which effective teamwork training is developed in a higher education setting has not yet been properly discussed. The present study aims to map the precedence relationships among the key determinants of teamwork training effectiveness and explain the process through which an effective teamwork training program can be developed. The study first conducted an extensive review of the literature to highlight the key determinants of effective teamwork training. Next, the study benefitted from an interpretive structural modeling technique and captured the opinions of a group of teamwork training experts to further map the interrelationships among the potential determinants that were identified. By listing the key determinants of effective teamwork training, mapping their interrelationships, and identifying their driving and dependence power, the present study is expected to help practitioners and academicians through providing a detailed understanding of the process through which an effective teamwork training program can be developed in a higher education context.
  •  
26.
  • Fathi, Masood, et al. (författare)
  • An optimization model for balancing assembly lines with stochastic task times and zoning constraints
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 7, s. 32537-32550
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice by addressing a real-world assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) where task times are stochastic and there are zoning constraints in addition to the commonly known ALBP constraints. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model is proposed for each of the straight and U-shaped assembly line configurations. The primary objective in both cases is to minimize the number of stations; minimizing the maximum of stations’ mean time and the stations’ time variance are considered secondary objectives. Four different scenarios are discussed for each model, with differences in the objective function. The models are validated by solving a real case taken from an automobile manufacturing company and some standard test problems available in the literature. The results indicate that both models are able to provide optimum solutions for problems of different sizes. The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is used to create reliable comparisons of the different scenarios and valid analysis of the results. Finally, some insights regarding the selection of straight and U-shaped layouts are provided.
  •  
27.
  • Fathi, Masood, et al. (författare)
  • An optimization model for material supply scheduling at mixed-model assembly lines
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 1258-1263
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study is motivated by a real case study and addresses the material supply problem at assembly lines. The aim of the study is to optimally schedule the delivery of raw material at assembly lines while using the minimum number of vehicles. To cope with the problem an original mixed integer linear programming model has been proposed based on the assumptions and constraints observed in the case study. The validity of the model has been examined by solving several real cases and analysing different scenarios. The results of the study show the efficiency and effectiveness of the model.
  •  
28.
  • Flores-García, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Simulation-based Optimization for Facility Layout Design in Conditions of High Uncertainty
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 334-339
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite the increased use of Simulation based Optimization, the design of facility layout is challenged by high levels of uncertainty associatedwith new production processes. Addressing this issue, this paper aims to understand the conceptual modeling activities of Simulation-basedOptimization for facility layout design in conditions of high uncertainty. Based on three in-depth case studies, the results of this paper showhow characterization criteria of production systems can be used in conceptual modelling to reduce uncertainty. These results may be essentialto support managers and stakeholders during the introduction of new production processes in the design of facility layouts.
  •  
29.
  • Fornlöf, Veronica, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Aircraft engines : A maintenance trade-off in a complex system
  • 2015
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An aircraft engine is a system of systems with several degrees of complexity. It is important to perform the correct amount of maintenance at each individual maintenance event. A mathematical replacement model is used to ensure that the correct amount of maintenance is performed. However, this paper shows that the reliability of this model could be improved if there were a better way to estimate the life length of on-condition maintained engine parts.
  •  
30.
  • Fornlöf, Veronica, 1984- (författare)
  • Improved remaining useful life estimations for on-condition parts in aircraft engines
  • 2016
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis focuses on obtaining better estimates of remaining life for on-condition (OC) parts in aircraft engines. Aircraft engine components are commonly classified into three categories, life-limited parts (LLP), OC-parts and consumables. Engine maintenance typi-cally accounts for 10% to 20% of aircraft-related operating cost. Current methods to esti-mate remaining life for OC parts have been found insufficient and this thesis aims to devel-op a method that obtains better life estimates of OC part. Improved life estimates are es-sential to facilitate more reliable maintenance plans and lower maintenance costs. In the thesis, OC parts that need a better life estimates are identified and suitable prognosis methodologies for estimating the remaining life are presented.Three papers are appended to the thesis. The first paper lays out the main principles of air-craft engine maintenance and identifies the potential for improving maintenance planning by improving the remaining life estimation for the OC parts. The paper concludes that re-search is needed to find better estimates so that the right amount of maintenance is per-formed at each maintenance occasion.The second paper describes the aircraft and its engine from a system of system perspective. The aim of the paper is to show that no system is stronger than its weakest part and that there is a potential to increase the availability and readiness of the complete system, the aircraft engine, by introducing better life estimates for OC parts. Furthermore, a review of all engine parts, no matter if they are life-limited or on-condition, which needs to be incor-porated in a replacement model for maintenance optimization, is given. The paper con-cludes that the reliability of the complete aircraft engine would be increased if better life estimates are presented also for the OC parts.The third paper includes an evolved analysis of the subject and the analysis moves deeper in to a subsystem/module of the engine, the low pressure turbine. The specific subsys-tem/module is further analyzed to show the potential of increased reliability for the subsys-tem/module and the complete system, the aircraft engine, if better life estimates for the OC parts are obtained. Methods on how to estimate remaining life is discussed in this paper. It is stated that life estimates can be based on visual inspections, available testing methods (e.g. non destructive testing ) or new techniques that may be need to be developed based on remaining useful life estimations. To estimate the remaining life for the OC parts well es-tablished prognostic techniques such as physic-based, data-driven, symbolic, hybrid, or context awareness approaches that combine contextual/situation information awareness will be considered.
  •  
31.
  • Fornlöf, Veronica, et al. (författare)
  • Maintenance, prognostics and diagnostics approaches for aircraft engines
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Aerospace, MetroAeroSpace 2016. - : IEEE. - 9781467382922 - 9781467382939 ; , s. 403-407
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In avionics application one of the most important competition factors is the reliability, given that the failure occurrence may leads to a critical state for the functioning of the aircraft. Different maintenance, prognostics and diagnostics approaches are possible with the final aim to optimize both system's availability and safety. Aircraft engines represent a safety critical part of the airplane. For this reason it is a key issue to allocate the proper amount of maintenance at each individual maintenance event. In this paper a mathematical replacement model is proposed to guarantee that the correct amount of maintenance is performed.
  •  
32.
  •  
33.
  • Fornlöf, Veronica, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • On-Condition Parts Versus Life Limited Parts : A Trade off in Aircraft Engines
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Current Trends in Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety. - Cham : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9783319235967 - 9783319235974 ; , s. 253-262
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Maintaining an aircraft engine is both complex and time consuming since an aircraft is an advanced system with high demands on safety and reliability. Each maintenance occasion must be as effective as possible and the maintenance need to be executed without performing excessive maintenance. The aim of this paper is to describe the essence of aircraft engine maintenance and to point out the potential for improvement within the maintenance planning by improving the remaining life predictions of the On-Condition parts, i.e. parts that are not given a fixed life limit.
  •  
34.
  • Fornlöf, Veronica, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • RUL estimation and maintenance optimization for aircraft engines : A system of system approach
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management. - : Springer. - 0975-6809 .- 0976-4348. ; 7:4, s. 450-461
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An aircraft engine is a system of systems with several degrees of complexity. It is important to perform the correct amount of maintenance at each individual maintenance event. A mathematical replacement model is used to ensure that the correct maintenance is performed. The reliability of the results from the mathematical replacement model will be improved if there is a better way to estimate the life length for on-condition engine parts.
  •  
35.
  • Frantzén, Marcus, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamic maintenance priority of a real-world machining line
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th Swedish Production Symposium.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To support the shop-floor operators, decision support systems (DSS) are becoming more and more vital to the success of manufacturing systems in industry today. In order to get a DSS able to adapt to disturbances in a production system, on-line data are needed to be able to make optimal or near-optimal decisions in real-time (soft real-time). This paper investigates one part of such a system, i.e. how different priorities of maintenance activities (planned and unplanned) affect the productivity of a production system. A discrete-event simulation model has been built for a real-world machining line in order to simulate the decisions made in subject to disturbances. This paper presents a way of prioritizing operators and machines based on multiple criteria such as competence, utilization, distance, bottleneck, and Work-In-Process. An experimental study based on the real-world production system has shown promising results and given insights of how to prioritize the operators in a good way. Another novelty introduced in this paper is the use of simulation-based optimization to generate composite dispatching rules in order to find good tradeoffs when taking a decision of which machine or operator to select.
  •  
36.
  • Garcia Rivera, Francisco, 1994-, et al. (författare)
  • Using Virtual Reality and Smart Textiles to Assess the Design of Workstations
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: SPS2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681467 - 9781643681474 ; , s. 145-154
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a solution that integrates a smart textiles systemwith virtual reality to assess the design of workstations from an ergonomics pointof view. By using the system, ergonomists, designers, engineers, and operators,can test design proposals of workstations in an immersive virtual environmentwhile they see their ergonomics evaluation results displayed in real-time.. Thesystem allows its users to evaluate the ergonomics of the workplace in a preproduction phase. The workstation design can be modified, enabling workstationdesigners to better understand, test and evaluate how to create successfulworkstation designs, eventually to be used by the operators in production. Thisapproach uses motion capture together with virtual reality and is aimed tocomplement and integrate with the use of digital human modelling (DHM)software at virtual stages of the production development process.
  •  
37.
  • Gustavsson, Patrik, et al. (författare)
  • A New Algorithm Using the Non-dominated Tree to improve Non-dominated Sorting
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Evolutionary Computation. - : MIT Press. - 1063-6560 .- 1530-9304. ; 26:1, s. 89-116
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Non-dominated sorting is a technique often used in evolutionary algorithms to determine the quality of solutions in a population. The most common algorithm is the Fast Non-dominated Sort (FNS). This algorithm, however, has the drawback that its performance deteriorates when the population size grows. The same drawback applies also to other non-dominating sorting algorithms such as the Efficient Non-dominated Sort with Binary Strategy (ENS-BS). An algorithm suggested to overcome this drawback is the Divide-and-Conquer Non-dominated Sort (DCNS) which works well on a limited number of objectives but deteriorates when the number of objectives grows. This paper presents a new, more efficient, algorithm called the Efficient Non-dominated Sort with Non-Dominated Tree (ENS-NDT). ENS-NDT is an extension of the ENS-BS algorithm and uses a novel Non-Dominated Tree (NDTree) to speed up the non-dominated sorting. ENS-NDT is able to handle large population sizes and a large number of objectives more efficiently than existing algorithms for non-dominated sorting. In the paper, it is shown that with ENS-NDT the runtime of multi-objective optimization algorithms such as the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) can be substantially reduced.
  •  
38.
  • Gustavsson, Patrik, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Human-Robot Collaboration Demonstrator Combining Speech Recognition and Haptic Control
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 63, s. 396-401, s. 396-401
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In recent years human-robot collaboration has been an important topic in manufacturing industries. By introducing robots into the same working cell as humans, the advantages of both humans and robots can be utilized. A robot can handle heavy lifting, repetitive and high accuracy tasks while a human can handle tasks that require the flexibility of humans. If a worker is to collaborate with a robot it is important to have an intuitive way of communicating with the robot. Currently, the way of interacting with a robot is through a teaching pendant, where the robot is controlled using buttons or a joystick. However, speech and touch are two communication methods natural to humans, where speech recognition and haptic control technologies can be used to interpret these communication methods. These technologies have been heavily researched in several research areas, including human-robot interaction. However, research of combining these two technologies to achieve a more natural communication in industrial human-robot collaboration is limited. A demonstrator has thus been developed which includes both speech recognition and haptic control technologies to control a collaborative robot from Universal Robots. This demonstrator will function as an experimental platform to further research on how the speech recognition and haptic control can be used in human-robot collaboration. The demonstrator has proven that the two technologies can be integrated with a collaborative industrial robot, where the human and the robot collaborate to assemble a simple car model. The demonstrator has been used in public appearances and a pilot study, which have contributed in further improvements of the demonstrator. Further research will focus on making the communication more intuitive for the human and the demonstrator will be used as the platform for continued research.
  •  
39.
  • Gustavsson, Patrik, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Human-robot collaboration – towards new metrics for selection of communication technologies
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 123-128, s. 123-128
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrial robot manufacturers have in recent years developed collaborative robots and these gains more and more interest within the manufacturing industry. Collaborative robots ensure that humans and robots can work together without the robot being dangerous for the human. However, collaborative robots themselves are not enough to achieve collaboration between a human and a robot; collaboration is only possible if a proper communication between the human and the robot can be achieved. The aim of this paper is to identify and categorize technologies that can be used to enable such communication between a human and an industrial robot.
  •  
40.
  • Gustavsson, Patrik, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • The Industry’s Perspective of Suitable Tasks for Human-Robot Collaboration in Assembly Manufacturing
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: 11th International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Technology (ICMST 2020) 22<sup>nd</sup>-24<sup>th</sup> September 2020, Liverpool, UK. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is the concept of combining a human and a robot into the same production cell and utilize the benefits of both. This concept has existed for more than a decade, but there are still quite few implementations of HRC within the manufacturing industry. One reason for this is the lack of knowledge when it comes to suitable tasks for HRC. Current research studies on the topic are mainly based on theoretical reasoning and/or research experiments, and little is known about what the industry perceive as suitable tasks for HRC. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate this and find out what industrial actors thinks are the most value-adding tasks for a human and a robot to carry out together. An in-depth interview study is undertaken with two companies and shop-floor operators, production engineers and automation engineers are interviewed. The result of the study pinpoints a number of tasks that the companies thinks are beneficial for HRC, which can serve as a guideline for other manufacturing companies considering to implement HRC.
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41.
  • Gustavsson, Patrik, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Virtual reality platform for design and evaluation of human-robot collaboration in assembly manufacturing
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Manufacturing Research. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1750-0591 .- 1750-0605. ; 18:1, s. 28-49
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents 'virtual collaborative robot', a virtual reality platform for designing and evaluating collaboration between operators and industrial robots. Within the platform, human-robot collaboration scenarios can be created and a user can interact with a robot without the safety risks that might arise with physical industrial robots. In an initial evaluation of the platform a scenario was implemented combining speech recognition, haptic control, and augmented reality to assemble a car model. The results from this evaluation indicate that the suggested platform can be used to successfully test new applications with the standard equipment of virtual reality headsets.
  •  
42.
  • Gustavsson, Patrik, 1988- (författare)
  • Virtual Reality Platform for Design and Evaluation of the Interaction in Human-Robot Collaborative Tasks in Assembly Manufacturing
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Industry is on the threshold of the fourth industrial revolution where smart factories area necessity to meet customer demands for increasing volumes of individualized products. Within the smart factory, cyber-physical production systems are becoming important to deal with changing production. Human-robot collaboration is an example of a cyber-physical system in which humans and robots share a workspace. By introducing robots and humans into the same working cell, the two can collaborate by allowing the robot to deal with heavy lifting, repetitive, and high accuracy tasks, while the human focuses on tasks that need intelligence, flexibility, and adaptability. There are few such collaborative applications in industry today. In the implementations that actually exist, the robots are mainly working side-by-side with humans rather than truly collaborating. Three main factors that limit the widespread application of human-robot collaboration can be identified: lack of knowledge regarding suitable human-robot collaboration tasks, lack of knowledge regarding efficient communication technologies for enabling interaction between humans and robots when carrying out tasks, and lack of efficient ways to safely analyze and evaluate collaborative tasks.The overall aim of this thesis is to address these problems and facilitate and improve interaction between humans and robots, with a special focus on assembly manufacturing tasks. To fulfill this aim, an assembly workstation for human-robot collaboration has been developed and implemented both physically and virtually. A virtual reality platform called ViCoR has been developed that can be used to investigate, evaluate, and analyze the interaction between humans and robots and thereby facilitate the implementation of new human-robot collaboration cells. The workstation developed has also been used for data collection and experiments during the thesis work, and used to extract knowledge of how the interaction between human and robot can be improved.
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43.
  • Hanna, Atieh, 1973- (författare)
  • Towards intelligent and collaborative automation of automotive final assembly
  • 2021
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Automation and robotics have transformed the automotive industry by increasing efficiency and improving product quality. However, in manual final assembly and material handling in the truck industry, where the environment is crowded and the process is complex, it is hard to automate using traditional industrial robots. Due to the new trends of self-driving, electrification, and connectivity, the truck variants will drastically increase, which will require a new type of flexible, intelligent and reconfigurable production system where humans and robots collaborate to handle the upcoming complexity.Collaborative robot systems are designed to enable collaboration between humans and robots. They can be flexible and easier to use and install compared to traditional robots while relieving the human from the unergonomic and more monotonous tasks and freeing up his/her time for more value-adding operations. However, despite the great amount of research and industrial effort in promoting collaborative robots, they are underused and are mostly installed to handle simpler tasks, like traditional robots but without fences.The main aim of this work is to increase the understanding of how to introduce intelligent and collaborative robot systems into complex applications such as final assembly. Two demonstrators were developed by the research group where a manual final assembly station and a kitting station were transformed into collaborative assembly and kitting stations. Based on these industrial use cases, a set of challenges and critical requirements have been identified that need to be addressed. These requirements are related to safe, efficient and intuitive interactions, tools, deliberative control, robust communication and variant handling. The most critical requirement is the safety of machines and humans. In this work, by evaluating the current safety standards, it is identified that the available collaborative modes do not support the implementation of intelligent and adaptive collaborative systems in complex applications. A new collaborative mode is therefore suggested for deliberative and adaptive systems where robot system and operator plan, deliberate, adapt and act together.Even if it would be possible to develop a safe and fully working collaborative and intelligent automation system, the engineering processes must also be transformed to be able to design, plan, prepare, and to manage product and process changes for these new systems. Based on the studied use cases, possible solutions for the future planning and preparation process are also proposed in this thesis.
  •  
44.
  • Holm, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Adaptive instructions to novice shop-floor operators using Augmented Reality
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-1015 .- 2168-1023. ; 34:5, s. 362-374
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a novel system using Augmented Reality and Expert Systems to enhance the quality and efficiency of shop-floor operators. The novel system proposed provides an adaptive tool that facilitates and enhances support on the shop-floor, due to its ability to dynamically customize the instructions displayed, dependent upon the competence of the user. A comparative study has been made between an existing method of quality control instructions at a machining line in an automotive engine plant and this novel system. It has been shown that the new approach outcompetes the existing system, not only in terms of perceived usability but also with respect to two other important shop-floor variables: quality and productivity. Along with previous research, the outcomes of these test cases indicate the value of using Augmented Reality technology to enhance shop-floor operators’ ability to learn and master new tasks.
  •  
45.
  • Igelmo, Victor, 1992-, et al. (författare)
  • Aiding Observational Ergonomic Evaluation Methods Using MOCAP Systems Supported by AI-Based Posture Recognition
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: DHM2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681054 - 9781643681047 ; , s. 419-429
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Observational ergonomic evaluation methods have inherent subjectivity. Observers’ assessment results might differ even with the same dataset. While motion capture (MOCAP) systems have improved the speed and the accuracy of motiondata gathering, the algorithms used to compute assessments seem to rely on predefined conditions to perform them. Moreover, the authoring of these conditions is not always clear. Making use of artificial intelligence (AI), along with MOCAP systems, computerized ergonomic assessments can become more alike to human observation and improve over time, given proper training datasets. AI can assist ergonomic experts with posture detection, useful when using methods that require posture definition, such as Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS). This study aims to prove the usefulness of an AI model when performing ergonomic assessments and to prove the benefits of having a specialized database for current and future AI training. Several algorithms are trained, using Xsens MVN MOCAP datasets, and their performance within a use case is compared. AI algorithms can provide accurate posture predictions. The developed approach aspires to provide with guidelines to perform AI-assisted ergonomic assessment based on observation of multiple workers.
  •  
46.
  • Igelmo, Victor, 1992-, et al. (författare)
  • Enabling Industrial Mixed Reality Using Digital Continuity : An Experiment Within Remanufacturing
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: SPS2022. - Amsterdam; Berlin; Washington, DC : IOS Press. - 9781643682686 - 9781643682693 ; , s. 497-507
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the digitalisation era, overlaying digital, contextualised information on top of the physical world is essential for an efficient operation. Mixed reality (MR) is a technology designed for this purpose, and it is considered one of the critical drivers of Industry 4.0. This technology has proven to have multiple benefits in the manufacturing area, including improving flexibility, efficacy, and efficiency. Among the challenges that prevent the big-scale implementation of this technology, there is the authoring challenge, which we address by answering the following research questions: (1) “how can we fasten MR authoring in a manufacturing context?” and (2) “how can we reduce the deployment time of industrial MR experiences?”. This paper presents an experiment performed in collaboration with Volvo within the remanufacturing of truck engines. MR seems to be more valuable for remanufacturing than for many other applications in the manufacturing industry, and the authoring challenge appears to be accentuated. In this experiment, product lifecycle management (PLM) tools are used along with internet of things (IoT) platforms and MR devices. This joint system is designed to keep the information up-to-date and ready to be used when needed. Having all the necessary data cascading from the PLM platform to the MR device using IoT prevents information silos and improves the system’s overall reliability. Results from the experiment show how the interconnection of information systems can significantly reduce development and deployment time. Experiment findings include a considerable increment in the complexity of the overall IT system, the need for substantial investment in it, and the necessity of having highly qualified IT staff. The main contribution of this paper is a systematic approach to the design of industrial MR experiences.
  •  
47.
  • Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Application of Multi-objective Optimization on Ergonomics in Production : A Case Study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Advances in Additive Manufacturing, Modeling Systems and 3D Prototyping. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030202156 - 9783030202163 ; , s. 584-594
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Taking a holistic perspective is central in production development, aiming to optimize ergonomics and overall production system performance. Hence, there is a need for tools and methods that can support production companies to identify the production system alternatives that are optimal regarding both ergonomics and production efficiency. The paper presents a devised case study where multi-objective optimization is applied, as a step to towards the development of such an optimization tool. The overall objective in the case study is to find the best order in which an operator performs manual tasks during a workday, considering ergonomics and production system efficiency simultaneously. More specifically, reducing the risk of injury from lifting tasks and improving the throughput are selected as the two optimization objectives. An optimization tool is developed, which communicates with a digital human modelling tool to simulate work tasks and assess ergonomics. 
  •  
48.
  • Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Development and initial usability evaluation of a digital tool for simulation-based multi-objective optimization of productivity and worker well-being
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Informatics. - : Elsevier. - 1474-0346 .- 1873-5320. ; 62
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Engineers use modelling and simulation techniques to efficiently create, evaluate, and optimize design solutions.In an industrial production context, engineers often need to consider requirements related to both productivityand worker well-being in order to find successful design solutions. However, simulations related to productivityand worker well-being respectively, are typically carried out by different engineering roles, using different digitaltools. This lack of integrated work procedure could lead to inefficient development processes and suboptimaldesign solutions. Additionally, since performing multi-objective optimizations is likely to be seen as a complicated task by engineers in areas such as design engineering, production engineering, and ergonomics, requiringspecific knowledge and skills, such tasks are typically performed by engineers specialized on optimization. Thispaper presents the development and usability evaluation of a digital tool that supports engineers not specializedin optimization to define and perform simulation-based multi-objective optimizations of requirements related toboth productivity and worker well-being in an automated and simultaneous manner. The digital tool is the resultof research carried out over a period of four years, following an iterative development and assessment process bythe means of use cases, done in close collaboration with potential users of the digital tool, i.e. engineers at severalcompanies. The usability evaluation of the digital tool shows that potential users in the industry view the tool asa promising support for performing their engineering tasks in a more efficient and integrated manner.
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49.
  • Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Enabling Concurrent Multi-Objective Optimization of Worker Well-Being and Productivity in DHM Tools
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: SPS2022. - Amsterdam; Berlin; Washington, DC : IOS Press. - 9781643682686 - 9781643682693 ; , s. 404-414
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are often associated with high costs for manufacturing companies and society, as well as negative effects on sustainable working life of workers. To both ensure workers’ well-being and reduce the costs of WMSDs, it is important to consider worker well-being in the design and operations of production processes. To facilitate the simulation of humans in production and improve worker well-being, there are numerous digital human modelling (DHM) tools available on the market. Besides simulation of humans in production, there are numerous production simulation software to simulate production flows of factories, robots and workstations that offer the possibility of improving the productivity of the stations, optimizing the layout and the configuration of the production lines. Despite of the capabilities of DHM and production flow simulation software, there is a lack of tools that can handle an overall optimization perspective, where it is possible to concurrently treat aspects related to both worker well-being and productivity within one tool. This study presents a prescribed tool that enables concurrent multi-objective optimization of worker well-being and productivity in DHM tools by analyzing the impact of different design alternatives. The tool was assessed in a workstation layout optimization use case. In the use case, risk scores of an ergonomics evaluation method was used as a measure of well-being, and total walking distance and workstation area were used as measures of productivity. The results show that the optimized solutions improve both total walking distance, workstation area and ergonomic risk scores compared to the initial solution. This study suggests that the concurrent multi-objective optimization of worker well-being and productivity could generate more optimal solutions for industry and increase the likelihood for a sustainable working life of workers. Therefore, further studies in this field are claimed to be beneficial to industry, society and workers.
  •  
50.
  • Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Enabling Knowledge Discovery in Multi-Objective Optimizations of Worker Well-Being and Productivity
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 14:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Usually, optimizing productivity and optimizing worker well-being are separate tasks performed by engineers with different roles and goals using different tools. This results in a silo effect which can lead to a slow development process and suboptimal solutions, with one of the objectives, either productivity or worker well-being, being given precedence. Moreover, studies often focus on finding the best solutions for a particular use case, and once solutions have been identified and one has been implemented, the engineers move on to analyzing the next use case. However, the knowledge obtained from previous use cases could be used to find rules of thumb for similar use cases without needing to perform new optimizations. In this study, we employed the use of data mining methods to obtain knowledge from a real-world optimization dataset of multi-objective optimizations of worker well-being and productivity with the aim to identify actionable insights for the current and future optimization cases. Using different analysis and data mining methods on the database revealed rules, as well as the relative importance of the design variables of a workstation. The generated rules have been used to identify measures to improve the welding gun workstation design.
  •  
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