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Sökning: WFRF:(Syberfeldt Anna 1981 )

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1.
  • Aslam, Tehseen, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Towards an industrial testbed for holistic virtual production development
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXII. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781614999010 - 9781614999027 ; , s. 369-374
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Virtual production development is adopted by many companies in the production industry and digital models and virtual tools are utilized for strategic, tactical and operational decisions in almost every stage of the value chain. This paper suggest a testbed concept that aims the production industry to adopt a virtual production development process with integrated tool chains that enables holistic optimizations, all the way from the overall supply chain performance down to individual equipment/devices. The testbed, which is fully virtual, provides a mean for development and testing of integrated digital models and virtual tools, including both technical and methodological aspects.
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3.
  • Igelmo, Victor, 1992-, et al. (författare)
  • Enabling Industrial Mixed Reality Using Digital Continuity : An Experiment Within Remanufacturing
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: SPS2022. - Amsterdam; Berlin; Washington, DC : IOS Press. - 9781643682686 - 9781643682693 ; , s. 497-507
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the digitalisation era, overlaying digital, contextualised information on top of the physical world is essential for an efficient operation. Mixed reality (MR) is a technology designed for this purpose, and it is considered one of the critical drivers of Industry 4.0. This technology has proven to have multiple benefits in the manufacturing area, including improving flexibility, efficacy, and efficiency. Among the challenges that prevent the big-scale implementation of this technology, there is the authoring challenge, which we address by answering the following research questions: (1) “how can we fasten MR authoring in a manufacturing context?” and (2) “how can we reduce the deployment time of industrial MR experiences?”. This paper presents an experiment performed in collaboration with Volvo within the remanufacturing of truck engines. MR seems to be more valuable for remanufacturing than for many other applications in the manufacturing industry, and the authoring challenge appears to be accentuated. In this experiment, product lifecycle management (PLM) tools are used along with internet of things (IoT) platforms and MR devices. This joint system is designed to keep the information up-to-date and ready to be used when needed. Having all the necessary data cascading from the PLM platform to the MR device using IoT prevents information silos and improves the system’s overall reliability. Results from the experiment show how the interconnection of information systems can significantly reduce development and deployment time. Experiment findings include a considerable increment in the complexity of the overall IT system, the need for substantial investment in it, and the necessity of having highly qualified IT staff. The main contribution of this paper is a systematic approach to the design of industrial MR experiences.
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4.
  • Senington, Richard, et al. (författare)
  • Monte Carlo Tree Search for online decision making in smart industrial production
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Computers in industry (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0166-3615 .- 1872-6194. ; 128, s. 1-10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper considers the issue of rapid automated decision making in changing factory environments, situations including human-robot collaboration, mass customisation and the need to rapidly adapt activities to new conditions. The approach taken is to adapt the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm to provide online choices for the possible actions of machines and workers, interleaving them dynamically in response to the changing conditions of the production process. This paper describes how the MCTS algorithm has been adapted for use in production environments and then the proposed method is illustrated by two examples of the system in use, one simulated and one in a physical test cell.
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5.
  • Syberfeldt, Anna, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Simulation-Generated Training Data for Improved Performance of AI-Based Industrial Vision Systems
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Industrial Simulation Conference. - : EUROSIS-ETI. - 9789492859303 ; , s. 83-87
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Quality inspections are essential in almost all manufacturing processes and can be undertaken using an automatic vision system. The main challenge when using AI-based vision systems is gathering enough training data for the AI to perform well. This study investigates the use of simulationgenerated data to address this challenge. A real-world industrial case study evaluates the feasibility of simulationgenerated images for training an AI to be used in an industrial vision system for quality inspection. Results from the study show that the approach has potential, but that simulationgenerated images cannot be used solely. However, real-world images must be mixed into the training data set to achieve satisfactory results. 
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6.
  • Andersson, Martin, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Evolutionary Simulation Optimization of Personnel Scheduling
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: 12th International Industrial Simulation Conference 2014. - : Eurosis. - 9789077381830 ; , s. 61-65
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a simulation-optimization system for personnel scheduling. The system is developed for the Swedish postal services and aims at finding personnel schedules that minimizes both total man hours and the administrative burden of the person responsible for handling schedules. For the optimization, the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II is implemented. The simulation-optimization system is evaluated on a real-world test case and results from the evaluation shows that the algorithm is successful in optimizing the problem.
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7.
  • Andersson, My, et al. (författare)
  • Improved interaction with collaborative robots - evaluation of event-specific haptic feedback in virtual reality
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0509. ; 232, s. 1055-1064
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industry 5.0 adopts a human-centric approach that views humans as a natural part of introducing new technology, such as collaborative robots. However, one of the main challenges in implementing collaborative robots is safety, including the sense of safety. Trust is also a primary challenge when establishing functional collaboration. Influencing factors includes experience and expertise, and research shows that Virtual Reality has the potential to perform such training. This research aims to investigate whether using virtual reality with appropriate feedback can be an effective platform for familiarization and training. In our experiment, we utilized haptic feedback from commercial Virtual Reality controllers to simulate physical interactions with collaborative robots. The experiment involved the participation of fifteen individuals. The results showed that participants regarded haptic feedback while moving as the most appropriate representation. This research aims to identify whether Virtual Reality with suitable feedback can serve as a familiarization and training platform.
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8.
  • Andersson, Martin, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Parameter tuned CMA-ES on the CEC'15 expensive problems
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: 2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479974924 - 9781479974917 ; , s. 1950-1957
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Evolutionary optimization algorithms have parameters that are used to adapt the search strategy to suit different optimization problems. Selecting the optimal parameter values for a given problem is difficult without a-priori knowledge. Experimental studies can provide this knowledge by finding the best parameter values for a specific set of problems. This knowledge can also be constructed into heuristics (rule-of-thumbs) that can adapt the parameters for the problem. The aim of this paper is to assess the heuristics of the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) optimization algorithm. This is accomplished by tuning CMA-ES parameters so as to maximize its performance on the CEC'15 problems, using a bilevel optimization approach that searches for the optimal parameter values. The optimized parameter values are compared against the parameter values suggested by the heuristics. The difference between specialized and generalized parameter values are also investigated.
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9.
  • Andersson, Martin, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Parameter Tuning of MOEAs Using a Bilevel Optimization Approach
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization. - Cham : Springer International Publishing Switzerland. - 9783319159331 - 9783319159348 ; , s. 233-247
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The performance of an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) can be greatly influenced by its parameters. The optimal parameter settings are also not necessarily the same across different problems. Finding the optimal set of parameters is therefore a difficult and often time-consuming task. This paper presents results of parameter tuning experiments on the NSGA-II and NSGA-III algorithms using the ZDT test problems. The aim is to gain new insights on the characteristics of the optimal parameter settings and to study if the parameters impose the same effect on both NSGA-II and NSGA-III. The experiments also aim at testing if the rule of thumb that the mutation probability should be set to one divided by the number of decision variables is a good heuristic on the ZDT problems. A comparison of the performance of NSGA-II and NSGA-III on the ZDT problems is also made.
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10.
  • Bernedixen, Jacob (författare)
  • Automated Bottleneck Analysis of Production Systems : Increasing the applicability of simulation-based multi-objective optimization for bottleneck analysis within industry
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Manufacturing companies constantly need to explore new management strategies and new methods to increase the efficiency of their production systems and retain their competitiveness. It is of paramount importance to develop new bottleneck analysis methods that can identify the factors that impede the overall performance of their productionsystems so that the optimal improvement actions can be performed. Many of the bottleneck-related research methods developed in the last two decades are aimed mainly at detecting bottlenecks. Due to their sole reliance on historical data and lackof any predictive capability, they are less useful for evaluating the effect of bottleneck improvements.There is an urgent need for an efficient and accurate method of pinpointing bottlenecks, identifying the correct improvement actions and the order in which these should be carried out, and evaluating their effects on the overall system performance. SCORE (simulation-based constraint removal) is a novel method that uses simulation based multi-objective optimization to analyze bottlenecks. By innovatively formulating bottleneck analysis as a multi-objective optimization problem and using simulation to evaluate the effects of various combinations of improvements, all attainable, maximum throughput levels of the production system can be sought through a single optimization run. Additionally, post-optimality frequency analysis of the Pareto-optimal solutions can generate a rank order of the attributes of the resources required to achieve the target throughput levels. However, in its original compilation, SCORE has a very high computational cost, especially when the simulation model is complex with a large number of decision variables. Some tedious manual setup of the simulation based optimization is also needed, which restricts its applicability within industry, despite its huge potential. Furthermore, the accuracy of SCORE in terms of convergence in optimization theory and correctness of identifying the optimal improvement actions has not been evaluated scientifically.Building on previous SCORE research, the aim of this work is to develop an effective method of automated, accurate bottleneck identification and improvement analysis that can be applied in industry.The contributions of this thesis work include:(1) implementation of a versatile representation in terms of multiple-choice set variables and a corresponding constraint repair strategy into evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms;(2) introduction of a novel technique that combines variable screening enabled initializationof population and variable-wise genetic operators to support a more efficient search process;(3) development of an automated setup for SCORE to avoid the tedious manual creation of optimization variables and objectives;(4) the use of ranking distance metrics to quantify and visualize the convergence and accuracy of the bottleneck ranking generated by SCORE.All these contributions have been demonstrated and evaluated through extensive experiments on scalable benchmark simulation models as well as several large-scale simulation models for real-world improvement projects in the automotive industry.The promising results have proved that, when augmented with the techniques proposed in this thesis, the SCORE method can offer real benefits to manufacturing companies by optimizing their production systems.
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11.
  • Birtic, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring Production System Knowledge Graph Applications Using a Simulation Framework
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation and Work Integrated Learning. - : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; , s. 268-279
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Knowledge graphs are generating significant interest in industry and research. These graphs can be enriched with data to represent aspects of production systems such as their structure, component interrelationships, and conditions. This provides opportunities to gain insights into system behavior, performance, and states. Such insights could potentially be leveraged by a wide range of technologies for a multitude of purposes and applications such as system control, process optimization, and informed decision making. However, the existing literature addressing industrial applications of knowledge graphs related to production systems remains limited in scope and depth. This underscores the importance of developing methods for exploring the potential use and implementation of knowledge graphs in such systems. The primary focus of this study centers on facilitating such exploration by developing a virtual commissioning simulation framework. A modular production system is modelled that leverages physics, moving product dynamics, and incorporates authentic PLC and robot programs. A knowledge graph is integrated and enriched with data representing various aspects of the system. An application is developed to facilitate product routing and prioritization. A service-oriented approach is used that leverages graph data processing and exchange for service registration and matching. System simulations are conducted and subsequently the framework is evaluated for outcomes and findings. This study demonstrates the successful design and implementation of a production system simulation framework that uses knowledge graphs for system functionality. It demonstrates the exploration of knowledge graph applications through the development of a modular and service-oriented system that includes system functionality supported by the graph. The results highlight the potential of simulation suggesting its capacity for valuable exploration regarding potential applications of knowledge graphs within production systems. 
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12.
  • Birtic, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the Synergies of Modularization, Interface Standardization, and Service-Orientation in Production System Simulation
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation and Work Integrated Learning. - : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; , s. 185-195
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Production systems of the future may be in constant flux and reconfiguration, continuously adapting to changing production conditions. Digital models and simulation are powerful tools that can be used for their design and operation. These models must co-evolve with the physical system to sustain their usefulness and relevance. This poses a significant barrier, given the complexities involved in their efficient creation and maintenance. To understand whether certain system design concepts make the simulation process easier, this study aims to investigate a combination of concepts that promote reconfigurability and flexibility to explore whether they can positively influence the simulation process. By integrating modularization, interface standardization, and a service-oriented architecture it is believed to support faster and easier creation and updates of digital models. Modularization enhances flexibility by decomposing complex systems into independent, interchangeable modules. Standardizing interfaces ensures uniformity and compatibility among modules. Using a service-oriented architecture entails the encapsulation of various functionalities within modules as services, which can be dynamically requested. Shedding light on the advantages arising from modeling and simulating systems adhering to the mentioned concepts the research also aims to lay the groundwork for further investigation into the potential synergies of these promising production concepts. The study’s methodology includes modeling and programming of industrial robotic production modules adhering to predefined physical and logical interfaces. Interoperability and service orchestration are achieved through a service-oriented architecture. A simulated Manufacturing Execution System is integrated to facilitate handling of module services, product data and service requirements. Finally, a specialized software plugin was developed to support rapid module instantiation into a production system for evaluation. Results suggest that using a modular approach may ease modelling and simulation efforts and could be supported further by developing tailored tools for rapid system development. 
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13.
  • Birtic, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Towards ultra-flexibility : a framework for evaluating the cyber-physical continuum in flexible production systems
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0509. ; 232, s. 645-654, s. 645-654
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Flexibility is often cited as a desirable key characteristic of modern production systems. In ultra-flexible production, machinery and layouts are in a constant state of adaptation to accommodate changing orders, varying products, or evolving conditions. Cyber-physical integration has been proposed as a potential approach to increasing system flexibility with Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) and Digital Twins (DT) as central concepts. While numerous architectures, frameworks and approaches have been proposed for CPPS and DT development, further research is motivated regarding the development of a requirement-based framework that links together the high-level system property of flexibility and lower-level system components, enabling the analysis, prescription and comparison of systems. Such a framework could enable manufacturers to continuously evaluate and improve manufacturing systems' flexibility as well as make informed design decisions. Ultimately enhancing system flexibility and responsiveness to changing production conditions. This study aims to initiate the development and formulation of such a requirements-based framework linking flexibility and lower-level system components. Additionally, it seeks to introduce the concept of a”cyber-physical continuum, ” which the study aims to define as a potential quantifiable indicator reflecting flexibility within production systems. This is achieved by leveraging prior CPPS research based on high-level system requirements. These requirements were expanded by branching each requirement into lower-level components creating a more granular scope and providing a finer lens for analysis and assessment. The framework was then applied to assess a high-mix, low-volume manufacturing scenario. Application of the preliminary framework in the case study indicates its potential utility in providing a useful view of the cyber-physical content of a system. Moreover, it serves as a valuable guide for pinpointing areas for improvement and development. By developing a framework that seamlessly links high-level flexibility requirements with detailed implementation requirements, systems can be comprehensively evaluated, methodically prescribed, and effectively compared. As future work, further refinement and validation of this framework will be crucial to ensuring its validity and applicability across diverse manufacturing contexts. 
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14.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982- (författare)
  • Augmented reality smart glasses as assembly operator support : Towards a framework for enabling industrial integration
  • 2020
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Operators are likely to continue to play an integral part in industrial assembly for the foreseeable future. This is in part because increasingly shorter life-cycles and increased variety of products makes automation harder to achieve. As technological advancements enables greater digitalization, the demands for increased individual designs of products increases. These changes, combined with a global competition, does put an increasing strain on operators to handle large quantities of information in a short timeframe. Augmented reality (AR) has been identified as a technology that can present assembly information to operators in an efficient manner. AR smart glasses (ARSG) is an implementation of AR suitable for operators since they are hands-free and can provide individual instructions in the correct context directly in their real work environment. There are currently early adopters of ARSG in production within industry and there are many predictions that ARSG usage will continue to grow. However, to fully integrate ARSG as a tool among others in a modern and complex factory there are several perspectives that a company need to take into consideration. This thesis investigates both the operator perspective and the manufacturing engineering perspective to support industry in how to make the correct investment decisions as regards to ARSG.The aim of this licentiate thesis is to provide a basis for a framework to enable industry to choose and integrate ARSG in production as a value adding operator support. This is achieved by investigating the theoretical basis of ARSG related technology and its maturity as well as the needs operators have in ARSG for their usage in assembly. The philosophical paradigm that is followed is that of pragmatism. The methodology used is design science, set in the research paradigm of mixed methods. Data has been collected through experiments with demonstrators, interviews, observations, and literature reviews. This thesis provides partial answers to the overall research aim.The thesis shows that the topic is feasible, relevant to industry, and a novel scientific contribution. Observations, interviews, and a literature review gave an overview of the operator perspective. Some highlights from the results are that operators are willing to work with ARSG, that operators need help in unlearning old tasks as well as learning new ones, and that optimal weight distribution of ARSG is dependent on the operators’ head-positioning. Highlights from the preliminary findings for the manufacturing engineering perspective include a general lack of standards for AR as regards vertical industrial application, improved tools for faster instruction generation, and large variations in specifications of available ARSG.Future work includes a complete answer to the manufacturing engineering perspective as well as combining all the results to create a framework for ARSG integration in industry.
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15.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Augmented Reality Smart Glasses for Industrial Assembly Operators : A Meta-Analysis and Categorization
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXIII. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643680088 - 9781643680095 ; , s. 173-179
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG) are an emerging technology that has the potential to revolutionize how operators interact with information in cyber-physical systems. However, augmented reality is currently not widespread in industrial assembly. The aim of this paper is to investigate and map ARSG in manufacturing from the perspectives of the operator, of manufacturing engineering, and of its technological maturity. This mapping provides an overview of topics relevant to enabling the implementation of ARSG in a manufacturing system, thus facilitating future exploration of the three perspectives. This investigation was done using a meta-analysis of literature reviews of applications of augmented reality in industrial manufacturing. The meta-analysis categorized previously identified topics within augmented reality in industrial manufacturing and mapped those to the scope of the three perspectives.
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16.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Augmented Reality Smart Glasses for Industry : How to Choose the Right Glasses
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation and Work Integrated Learning. - : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; , s. 289-298
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG) have been available as a commercial product since 2015. Many potential usage areas have been identified, including industrial use. The needs from industry have evolved, with more emphasis being put on sustainability. While ARSG can help improve efficiency and sustainability, there are also similarly associated costs to their implementation and use. This paper aims to present a process for how to choose ARSG for specific use cases as assembly operator support while considering the sustainability of their implementation. A narrative review of the literature was made to identify the current understanding of the environmental impact of ARSG, as well as what has been considered in regards to ARSG being integrated into a manufacturing environment. The analysis of the literature resulted in a proposed decision process. The decision process serves as a baseline for how to guide the decision of whether ARSG could be a suitable solution and, if so, what aspects to consider in the choosing of the ARSG model. Future work includes collaboration with industry to further improve the decision process based on empirical input. 
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17.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Augmented reality smart glasses for operators in production : Survey of relevant categories for supporting operators
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 93, s. 1298-1303
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the current knowledge and future challenges of augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG) for use by industrial operators. This is accomplished through a survey of the operator perspective of ARSG for industrial application, aiming for faster implementation of ARSG for operators in manufacturing. The survey considers the categories assembly instructions, human factors, design, support, and training from the operator perspective to provide insights for efficient use of ARSG in production. The main findings include a lack of standards in the design of assembly instructions, the field of view of ARSG are limited, and the guidelines for designing instructions focus on presenting context-relevant information and limiting the disturbance of reality. Furthermore, operator task routine is becoming more difficult to achieve and testing has mainly been with non-operator testers and overly simplified tasks. Future challenges identified from the review include: longitudinal user-tests of ARSG, a deeper evaluation of how to distribute the weight of ARSG, further improvement of the sensors and visual recognition to facilitate better interaction, and task complexity is likely to increase.
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18.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Augmented reality smart glasses in industrial assembly : Current status and future challenges
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Information Integration. - : Elsevier. - 2467-964X .- 2452-414X. ; 20
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article aims to provide a better understanding of Augmented Reality Smart Glasses (ARSG) for assembly operators from two perspectives, namely, manufacturing engineering and technological maturity. A literature survey considers both these perspectives of ARSG. The article's contribution is an investigation of the current status as well as challenges for future development of ARSG regarding usage in the manufacturing industry in relation to the two perspectives. This survey thereby facilitate a better future integration of ARSG in manufacturing. Findings include that commercially available ARSG differ considerably in their hardware specifications. The Technological Readiness Level (TRL) of some of the components of ARSG is still low, with displays having a TRL of 7 and tracking a TRL of 5. A mapping of tracking technologies and their suitability for industrial ARSG was done and identified Bluetooth, micro-electro mechanical sensors (MEMS) and infrared sensors as potentially suitable technologies to improve tracking. Future work identified is to also explore the operator perspective of ARSG in manufacturing. © 2020
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19.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation Framework for Augmented Reality Smart Glasses as Assembly Operator Support : Case Study of Tool Implementation
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 9, s. 104904-104914
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG) have been identified as relevant support tools for the Operator 4.0 paradigm. Although ARSG are starting to be used in industry, their use is not yet widespread. A previously developed online tool based on a framework for evaluating ARSG as assembly operator support is iteratively improved in this paper with expanded functionality. The added functionality consists of practical recommendations for implementing ARSG in production. These recommendations were produced with the help of five focus groups of industrial representatives working in production. The recommendations were evaluated using case studies at three different companies. The recommendations were found to be detailed and a good support for the process of considering ARSG integration into production. The companies overall found the tool and its recommendations to be relevant and correct for their cases.
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20.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Integration of Augmented Reality Smart Glasses as Assembly Support : A Framework Implementation in a Quick Evaluation Tool
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Manufacturing Research. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1750-0591 .- 1750-0605. ; 18:2, s. 144-164
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG) have been successfully used as operator support in production. However, their use is not yet widespread, likely in part due to a lack of knowledge about how to integrate ARSG into production. This lack of knowledge can also make it hard to estimate whether this is a worthwhile investment. Our solution is to provide an online evaluation tool to help production planners estimate the likelihood that ARSG will be worth the investment cost in specific production cases. Based on a strawman design, multiple design iterations were followed by a pilot test performed by participants from different manufacturing companies involved in planning production for operators. A Likert scale survey was used to evaluate the tool. The results show a slightly positive evaluation of the tool with suggestions for improvement, including widening the scope and granularity of the tool. Future works include further iterations and case studies.
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21.
  • Danielsson, Oscar, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Operators perspective on augmented reality as a support tool in engine assembly
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 45-50, s. 45-50
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Augmented Reality (AR) has shown its potential in supporting operators in manufacturing. AR-glasses as a platform both in industrial use are emerging markets, thereby making portable and hands-free AR more and more feasible. An important aspect of integrating AR as a support tool for operators is their acceptance of the technology. This paper presents the results of interviewing operators regarding their view on AR technology in their field and observing them working in automotive engine assembly and how they interact with current instructions. The observations and follow-up questions identified three main aspects of the information that the operators looked at: validating screw torque, their current assembly time, and if something went wrong. The interviews showed that a large amount of the operators were positive towards using AR in assembly. This has given an insight in both the current information interaction the operators do and their view on the potential in using AR. Based on these insights we suggest a mock-up design of an AR-interface for engine assembly to serve as a base for future prototype designs.
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22.
  • Despeisse, Mélanie, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Achieving Circular and Efficient Production Systems : Emerging Challenges from Industrial Cases
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Advances in Production Management Systems. Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable and Resilient Production Systems. - Cham : Springer. - 1868-4238 .- 1868-422X. - 9783030859091 - 9783030859121 - 9783030859107 ; , s. 523-533
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As the need for more responsible production and consumption grows quickly, so does the interest in the concepts of eco-efficiency and circularity. To make swift progress towards sustainability, solutions must be developed and deployed at scale. It is therefore critical to understand the challenges faced by industry to accelerate the uptake of best practices for circular and efficient production systems. This paper presents the emerging issues from three industrial pilots in an on-going collaborative project. We discuss and suggest further work around crucial questions such as: How to deploy circular solutions from lab to industrial scale? How can digitalization support efficient circular processes?. 
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23.
  • Fathi, Masood, et al. (författare)
  • An improved genetic algorithm with variable neighborhood search to solve the assembly line balancing problem
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Engineering computations. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0264-4401 .- 1758-7077. ; 37:2, s. 501-521
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose – This study aims to propose an efficient optimization algorithm to solve the assembly line balancing problem (ALBP). The ALBP arises in high-volume, lean production systems when decision makers aim to design an efficient assembly line while satisfying a set of constraints.Design/methodology/approach – An improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed in this study to deal with ALBP in order to optimize the number of stations and the workload smoothness.Findings – To evaluate the performance of the IGA, it is used to solve a set of well-known benchmark problems and a real-life problem faced by an automobile manufacturer. The solutions obtained are compared against two existing algorithms in the literature and the basic genetic algorithm. The comparisons show the high efficiency and effectiveness of the IGA in dealing with ALBPs.Originality/value – The proposed IGA benefits from a novel generation transfer mechanism that improves the diversification capability of the algorithm by allowing population transfer between different generations. In addition, an effective variable neighborhood search is employed in the IGA to enhance its local search capability.
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24.
  • Fathi, Masood, et al. (författare)
  • An Interpretive Structural Modeling of Teamwork Training in Higher Education
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Education Sciences. - Switzerland : MDPI. - 2227-7102. ; 9:1, s. 1-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the past decade, the importance of teamwork training in higher education and employers’ enthusiasm for recruiting team players have been widely discussed in the literature. Yet, the process through which effective teamwork training is developed in a higher education setting has not yet been properly discussed. The present study aims to map the precedence relationships among the key determinants of teamwork training effectiveness and explain the process through which an effective teamwork training program can be developed. The study first conducted an extensive review of the literature to highlight the key determinants of effective teamwork training. Next, the study benefitted from an interpretive structural modeling technique and captured the opinions of a group of teamwork training experts to further map the interrelationships among the potential determinants that were identified. By listing the key determinants of effective teamwork training, mapping their interrelationships, and identifying their driving and dependence power, the present study is expected to help practitioners and academicians through providing a detailed understanding of the process through which an effective teamwork training program can be developed in a higher education context.
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25.
  • Fathi, Masood, et al. (författare)
  • An optimization model for balancing assembly lines with stochastic task times and zoning constraints
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 7, s. 32537-32550
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice by addressing a real-world assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) where task times are stochastic and there are zoning constraints in addition to the commonly known ALBP constraints. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model is proposed for each of the straight and U-shaped assembly line configurations. The primary objective in both cases is to minimize the number of stations; minimizing the maximum of stations’ mean time and the stations’ time variance are considered secondary objectives. Four different scenarios are discussed for each model, with differences in the objective function. The models are validated by solving a real case taken from an automobile manufacturing company and some standard test problems available in the literature. The results indicate that both models are able to provide optimum solutions for problems of different sizes. The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is used to create reliable comparisons of the different scenarios and valid analysis of the results. Finally, some insights regarding the selection of straight and U-shaped layouts are provided.
  •  
26.
  • Fathi, Masood, et al. (författare)
  • An optimization model for material supply scheduling at mixed-model assembly lines
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 1258-1263
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study is motivated by a real case study and addresses the material supply problem at assembly lines. The aim of the study is to optimally schedule the delivery of raw material at assembly lines while using the minimum number of vehicles. To cope with the problem an original mixed integer linear programming model has been proposed based on the assumptions and constraints observed in the case study. The validity of the model has been examined by solving several real cases and analysing different scenarios. The results of the study show the efficiency and effectiveness of the model.
  •  
27.
  • Flores-García, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Simulation-based Optimization for Facility Layout Design in Conditions of High Uncertainty
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 334-339
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite the increased use of Simulation based Optimization, the design of facility layout is challenged by high levels of uncertainty associatedwith new production processes. Addressing this issue, this paper aims to understand the conceptual modeling activities of Simulation-basedOptimization for facility layout design in conditions of high uncertainty. Based on three in-depth case studies, the results of this paper showhow characterization criteria of production systems can be used in conceptual modelling to reduce uncertainty. These results may be essentialto support managers and stakeholders during the introduction of new production processes in the design of facility layouts.
  •  
28.
  • Frantzén, Marcus, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamic maintenance priority of a real-world machining line
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th Swedish Production Symposium.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To support the shop-floor operators, decision support systems (DSS) are becoming more and more vital to the success of manufacturing systems in industry today. In order to get a DSS able to adapt to disturbances in a production system, on-line data are needed to be able to make optimal or near-optimal decisions in real-time (soft real-time). This paper investigates one part of such a system, i.e. how different priorities of maintenance activities (planned and unplanned) affect the productivity of a production system. A discrete-event simulation model has been built for a real-world machining line in order to simulate the decisions made in subject to disturbances. This paper presents a way of prioritizing operators and machines based on multiple criteria such as competence, utilization, distance, bottleneck, and Work-In-Process. An experimental study based on the real-world production system has shown promising results and given insights of how to prioritize the operators in a good way. Another novelty introduced in this paper is the use of simulation-based optimization to generate composite dispatching rules in order to find good tradeoffs when taking a decision of which machine or operator to select.
  •  
29.
  • Garcia Rivera, Francisco, 1994-, et al. (författare)
  • Using Virtual Reality and Smart Textiles to Assess the Design of Workstations
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: SPS2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681467 - 9781643681474 ; , s. 145-154
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a solution that integrates a smart textiles systemwith virtual reality to assess the design of workstations from an ergonomics pointof view. By using the system, ergonomists, designers, engineers, and operators,can test design proposals of workstations in an immersive virtual environmentwhile they see their ergonomics evaluation results displayed in real-time.. Thesystem allows its users to evaluate the ergonomics of the workplace in a preproduction phase. The workstation design can be modified, enabling workstationdesigners to better understand, test and evaluate how to create successfulworkstation designs, eventually to be used by the operators in production. Thisapproach uses motion capture together with virtual reality and is aimed tocomplement and integrate with the use of digital human modelling (DHM)software at virtual stages of the production development process.
  •  
30.
  • Gustavsson, Patrik, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Human-robot collaboration – towards new metrics for selection of communication technologies
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 123-128, s. 123-128
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrial robot manufacturers have in recent years developed collaborative robots and these gains more and more interest within the manufacturing industry. Collaborative robots ensure that humans and robots can work together without the robot being dangerous for the human. However, collaborative robots themselves are not enough to achieve collaboration between a human and a robot; collaboration is only possible if a proper communication between the human and the robot can be achieved. The aim of this paper is to identify and categorize technologies that can be used to enable such communication between a human and an industrial robot.
  •  
31.
  • Gustavsson, Patrik, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • The Industry’s Perspective of Suitable Tasks for Human-Robot Collaboration in Assembly Manufacturing
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: 11th International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Technology (ICMST 2020) 22<sup>nd</sup>-24<sup>th</sup> September 2020, Liverpool, UK. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is the concept of combining a human and a robot into the same production cell and utilize the benefits of both. This concept has existed for more than a decade, but there are still quite few implementations of HRC within the manufacturing industry. One reason for this is the lack of knowledge when it comes to suitable tasks for HRC. Current research studies on the topic are mainly based on theoretical reasoning and/or research experiments, and little is known about what the industry perceive as suitable tasks for HRC. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate this and find out what industrial actors thinks are the most value-adding tasks for a human and a robot to carry out together. An in-depth interview study is undertaken with two companies and shop-floor operators, production engineers and automation engineers are interviewed. The result of the study pinpoints a number of tasks that the companies thinks are beneficial for HRC, which can serve as a guideline for other manufacturing companies considering to implement HRC.
  •  
32.
  • Gustavsson, Patrik, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Virtual reality platform for design and evaluation of human-robot collaboration in assembly manufacturing
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Manufacturing Research. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1750-0591 .- 1750-0605. ; 18:1, s. 28-49
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents 'virtual collaborative robot', a virtual reality platform for designing and evaluating collaboration between operators and industrial robots. Within the platform, human-robot collaboration scenarios can be created and a user can interact with a robot without the safety risks that might arise with physical industrial robots. In an initial evaluation of the platform a scenario was implemented combining speech recognition, haptic control, and augmented reality to assemble a car model. The results from this evaluation indicate that the suggested platform can be used to successfully test new applications with the standard equipment of virtual reality headsets.
  •  
33.
  • Gustavsson, Patrik, 1988- (författare)
  • Virtual Reality Platform for Design and Evaluation of the Interaction in Human-Robot Collaborative Tasks in Assembly Manufacturing
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Industry is on the threshold of the fourth industrial revolution where smart factories area necessity to meet customer demands for increasing volumes of individualized products. Within the smart factory, cyber-physical production systems are becoming important to deal with changing production. Human-robot collaboration is an example of a cyber-physical system in which humans and robots share a workspace. By introducing robots and humans into the same working cell, the two can collaborate by allowing the robot to deal with heavy lifting, repetitive, and high accuracy tasks, while the human focuses on tasks that need intelligence, flexibility, and adaptability. There are few such collaborative applications in industry today. In the implementations that actually exist, the robots are mainly working side-by-side with humans rather than truly collaborating. Three main factors that limit the widespread application of human-robot collaboration can be identified: lack of knowledge regarding suitable human-robot collaboration tasks, lack of knowledge regarding efficient communication technologies for enabling interaction between humans and robots when carrying out tasks, and lack of efficient ways to safely analyze and evaluate collaborative tasks.The overall aim of this thesis is to address these problems and facilitate and improve interaction between humans and robots, with a special focus on assembly manufacturing tasks. To fulfill this aim, an assembly workstation for human-robot collaboration has been developed and implemented both physically and virtually. A virtual reality platform called ViCoR has been developed that can be used to investigate, evaluate, and analyze the interaction between humans and robots and thereby facilitate the implementation of new human-robot collaboration cells. The workstation developed has also been used for data collection and experiments during the thesis work, and used to extract knowledge of how the interaction between human and robot can be improved.
  •  
34.
  • Igelmo, Victor, 1992-, et al. (författare)
  • Aiding Observational Ergonomic Evaluation Methods Using MOCAP Systems Supported by AI-Based Posture Recognition
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: DHM2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681054 - 9781643681047 ; , s. 419-429
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Observational ergonomic evaluation methods have inherent subjectivity. Observers’ assessment results might differ even with the same dataset. While motion capture (MOCAP) systems have improved the speed and the accuracy of motiondata gathering, the algorithms used to compute assessments seem to rely on predefined conditions to perform them. Moreover, the authoring of these conditions is not always clear. Making use of artificial intelligence (AI), along with MOCAP systems, computerized ergonomic assessments can become more alike to human observation and improve over time, given proper training datasets. AI can assist ergonomic experts with posture detection, useful when using methods that require posture definition, such as Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS). This study aims to prove the usefulness of an AI model when performing ergonomic assessments and to prove the benefits of having a specialized database for current and future AI training. Several algorithms are trained, using Xsens MVN MOCAP datasets, and their performance within a use case is compared. AI algorithms can provide accurate posture predictions. The developed approach aspires to provide with guidelines to perform AI-assisted ergonomic assessment based on observation of multiple workers.
  •  
35.
  • Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Application of Multi-objective Optimization on Ergonomics in Production : A Case Study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Advances in Additive Manufacturing, Modeling Systems and 3D Prototyping. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030202156 - 9783030202163 ; , s. 584-594
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Taking a holistic perspective is central in production development, aiming to optimize ergonomics and overall production system performance. Hence, there is a need for tools and methods that can support production companies to identify the production system alternatives that are optimal regarding both ergonomics and production efficiency. The paper presents a devised case study where multi-objective optimization is applied, as a step to towards the development of such an optimization tool. The overall objective in the case study is to find the best order in which an operator performs manual tasks during a workday, considering ergonomics and production system efficiency simultaneously. More specifically, reducing the risk of injury from lifting tasks and improving the throughput are selected as the two optimization objectives. An optimization tool is developed, which communicates with a digital human modelling tool to simulate work tasks and assess ergonomics. 
  •  
36.
  • Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Development and initial usability evaluation of a digital tool for simulation-based multi-objective optimization of productivity and worker well-being
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Informatics. - : Elsevier. - 1474-0346 .- 1873-5320. ; 62
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Engineers use modelling and simulation techniques to efficiently create, evaluate, and optimize design solutions.In an industrial production context, engineers often need to consider requirements related to both productivityand worker well-being in order to find successful design solutions. However, simulations related to productivityand worker well-being respectively, are typically carried out by different engineering roles, using different digitaltools. This lack of integrated work procedure could lead to inefficient development processes and suboptimaldesign solutions. Additionally, since performing multi-objective optimizations is likely to be seen as a complicated task by engineers in areas such as design engineering, production engineering, and ergonomics, requiringspecific knowledge and skills, such tasks are typically performed by engineers specialized on optimization. Thispaper presents the development and usability evaluation of a digital tool that supports engineers not specializedin optimization to define and perform simulation-based multi-objective optimizations of requirements related toboth productivity and worker well-being in an automated and simultaneous manner. The digital tool is the resultof research carried out over a period of four years, following an iterative development and assessment process bythe means of use cases, done in close collaboration with potential users of the digital tool, i.e. engineers at severalcompanies. The usability evaluation of the digital tool shows that potential users in the industry view the tool asa promising support for performing their engineering tasks in a more efficient and integrated manner.
  •  
37.
  • Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Enabling Concurrent Multi-Objective Optimization of Worker Well-Being and Productivity in DHM Tools
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: SPS2022. - Amsterdam; Berlin; Washington, DC : IOS Press. - 9781643682686 - 9781643682693 ; , s. 404-414
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are often associated with high costs for manufacturing companies and society, as well as negative effects on sustainable working life of workers. To both ensure workers’ well-being and reduce the costs of WMSDs, it is important to consider worker well-being in the design and operations of production processes. To facilitate the simulation of humans in production and improve worker well-being, there are numerous digital human modelling (DHM) tools available on the market. Besides simulation of humans in production, there are numerous production simulation software to simulate production flows of factories, robots and workstations that offer the possibility of improving the productivity of the stations, optimizing the layout and the configuration of the production lines. Despite of the capabilities of DHM and production flow simulation software, there is a lack of tools that can handle an overall optimization perspective, where it is possible to concurrently treat aspects related to both worker well-being and productivity within one tool. This study presents a prescribed tool that enables concurrent multi-objective optimization of worker well-being and productivity in DHM tools by analyzing the impact of different design alternatives. The tool was assessed in a workstation layout optimization use case. In the use case, risk scores of an ergonomics evaluation method was used as a measure of well-being, and total walking distance and workstation area were used as measures of productivity. The results show that the optimized solutions improve both total walking distance, workstation area and ergonomic risk scores compared to the initial solution. This study suggests that the concurrent multi-objective optimization of worker well-being and productivity could generate more optimal solutions for industry and increase the likelihood for a sustainable working life of workers. Therefore, further studies in this field are claimed to be beneficial to industry, society and workers.
  •  
38.
  • Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Enabling Knowledge Discovery in Multi-Objective Optimizations of Worker Well-Being and Productivity
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 14:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Usually, optimizing productivity and optimizing worker well-being are separate tasks performed by engineers with different roles and goals using different tools. This results in a silo effect which can lead to a slow development process and suboptimal solutions, with one of the objectives, either productivity or worker well-being, being given precedence. Moreover, studies often focus on finding the best solutions for a particular use case, and once solutions have been identified and one has been implemented, the engineers move on to analyzing the next use case. However, the knowledge obtained from previous use cases could be used to find rules of thumb for similar use cases without needing to perform new optimizations. In this study, we employed the use of data mining methods to obtain knowledge from a real-world optimization dataset of multi-objective optimizations of worker well-being and productivity with the aim to identify actionable insights for the current and future optimization cases. Using different analysis and data mining methods on the database revealed rules, as well as the relative importance of the design variables of a workstation. The generated rules have been used to identify measures to improve the welding gun workstation design.
  •  
39.
  • Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Implementation of Ergonomics Evaluation Methods in a Multi-Objective Optimization Framework
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: DHM2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681054 - 9781643681047 ; , s. 361-371
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Simulations of future production systems enable engineers to find effective and efficient design solutions with fewer physical prototypes and fewer reconstructions. This can save development time and money and be more sustainable. Better design solutions can be found by linking simulations to multiobjective optimization methods to optimize multiple design objectives. When production systems involve manual work, humans and human activity should be included in the simulation. This can be done using digital human modeling (DHM) software which simulates humans and human activities and can be used to evaluate ergonomic conditions. This paper addresses challenges related to including existing ergonomics evaluation methods in the optimization framework. This challenge arises because ergonomics evaluation methods are typically developed to enable people to investigate ergonomic conditions by observing real work situations. The methods are rarely developed to be used by computer algorithms to draw conclusions about ergonomic conditions. This paper investigates how to adapt ergonomics evaluation methods to implement the results as objectives in the optimization framework. This paper presents a use case of optimizing a workstation using two different approaches: 1) an observational ergonomics evaluation method, and 2) a direct measurement method. Both approaches optimized two objectives: the average ergonomics results, and the 90th percentile ergonomics results.
  •  
40.
  • Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Multi-objective Optimization of Ergonomics and Productivity by Using an Optimization Framework
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021). - Cham : Springer. - 9783030746131 - 9783030746148 ; , s. 374-378
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Simulation technologies are widely used in industry as they enable efficient creation, testing, and optimization of the design of products and production systems in virtual worlds, rather than creating,testing, and optimizing prototypes in the physical world. In an industrial production context, simulation of productivity and ergonomics helps companies to find and realize optimized solutions that uphold profitability, output, quality, and worker well-being in their production facilities. However, these two types of simulations are typically carried out using separate software, used by different users, with different objectives. This easily causes silo effects, leading to slow development processes and sub-optimal solutions. This paper reports on research related to the realization of an optimization framework that enables the concurrent optimization of aspects relating to both ergonomics and productivity. The framework is meant to facilitate the inclusion of Ergonomics 4.0 in the Industry 4.0 revolution.
  •  
41.
  • Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Optimization of Productivity and Worker Well-Being by Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Framework
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2472-5838 .- 2472-5846. ; 9:3-4, s. 143-153
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSWorker well-being and overall system performance are important elements in the design of production lines. However, studies of industry practice show that current design tools are unable to consider concurrently both productivity aspects (e.g., line balancing and cycle time) and worker well-being related aspects (e.g., the risk of musculoskeletal disorders). Current practice also fails to account for anthropometric diversity in the workforce and does not use the potential of multi-objective simulation-based optimization techniques. Accordingly, a framework consisting of a workflow and a digital tool was designed to assist in the proactive design of workstations to accommodate worker well-being and productivity. This framework uses state-of-the-art optimization techniques to make it easier and quicker for designers to find successful workplace design solutions. A case study to demonstrate the framework is providedTECHNICAL ABSTRACTRationale: Simulation technologies are used widely in industry as they enable efficient creation, testing, and optimization of the design of products and production systems in virtual worlds. Simulations of productivity and ergonomics help companies to find optimized solutions that maintain profitability, output, quality, and worker well-being. However, these two types of simulations are typically carried out using separate tools, by persons with different roles, with different objectives. Silo effects can result, leading to slow development processes and suboptimal solutions.Purpose: This research is related to the realization of a framework that enables the concurrent optimization of worker well-being and productivity. The framework demonstrates how digital human modeling can contribute to Ergonomics 4.0 and support a human factors centered approach in Industry 4.0. The framework also facilitates consideration of anthropometric diversity in the user group.Methods: Design and creation methodology was used to create a framework that was applied to a case study, formulated together with industry partners, to demonstrate the functionality of the noted framework.Results: The framework workflow has three parts: (1) Problem definition and creation of the optimization model; (2) Optimization process; and (3) Presentation and selection of results. The case study shows how the framework was used to find a workstation design optimized for both productivity and worker well-being for a diverse group of workers.Conclusions: The framework presented allows for multi-objective optimizations of both worker well-being and productivity and was successfully applied in a welding gun use case.
  •  
42.
  • Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al. (författare)
  • Optimizing Ergonomics and Productivity by Connecting Digital Human Modeling and Production Flow Simulation Software
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: SPS2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681467 - 9781643681474 ; , s. 193-204
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Simulation software is used in the production development process to simulate production and predict behaviors, calculate times, and plan production in advance. Digital human modeling (DHM) software is used to simulate humans working in production and assess whether workstation designs offer appropriate ergonomic conditions for the workers. However, these human simulations are usually carried out by human factors engineers or ergonomists, whereas the production simulations are carried out by production engineers. Lack of integration of these two simulations can lead to suboptimal solutions when the factory is not optimized to improve both productivity and ergonomics. To tackle this problem, a platform has been developed that connects production flow simulation software data and DHM software data and integrates them in a generic software for data treatment and visualization. Production flow simulation software data and DHM software data are organized in a hierarchical structure that allows synchronization between the production data and the ergonomic data on the target simulation software. The platform is generic and can be connected to any production flow simulation software and any DHM software by creating specific links for each software. The platform requires only the models of the production line, workstations, and tasks in order to perform the simulations in the target simulation software and collect the simulation results to present the results to the user of the platform. 
  •  
43.
  • Land, Niklas, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • A Framework for Realizing Industrial Human-Robot Collaboration through Virtual Simulation
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 93, s. 1194-1199
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) could improve manual labor manufacturing processes by relieving workers of inappropriate operations, such as heavy, repetitive, or manual quality inspections. The literature shows that the greatest challenge for large scale implementation of Human-Robot Collaboration is safety, intuitive interfaces and design methods. We present a comprehensive framework that incorporates the use of virtual simulation for the implementation of Human-Robot Collaboration. The proposed framework defines a development process with five major steps, ending up with a virtual simulation model that can provide a foundation for the physical implementation. The framework has been developed using an automotive industrial case.
  •  
44.
  • Land, Niklas, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Virtual Human-Robot Collaboration : The Industry's Perspective on Potential Applications and Benefits
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXIII. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643680088 - 9781643680095 ; , s. 161-166
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two keystones of Industry 4.0 are the increased use of autonomous robots and advanced simulation software. Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) combines the strengths of humans and robots, opening up application areas that previously could not be automated. However, the realization of HRC on industrial shop floors is held back by several challenges: safety, trust, the need for intuitive interfaces, and design methods. This study investigates the automotive industry’s perspective on relevant application areas and potential benefits of HRC. The data were collected through a survey of 185 participants from a variety of working roles in the automotive industry. The results of the study indicate that participants from the automotive industry consider that the areas best suited to the implementation of collaborative robots are material handling, assembly, and quality control, with potential benefits in ergonomics, efficiency, and quality. The results can be used for the development of a future virtual HRC simulation model.
  •  
45.
  • Larsson, Carina, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Communicating continuous improvement in manufacturing companies : Divergencies between current practice and theory
  • 2017
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Succeeding with continuous improvement is important for manufacturing companies to increase the competitive edge. In order to succeed with continuous improvement, literature shows that communication of improvement indicators need to be integrated with communication of control indicators. This paper identifies divergencies between current practice and theory in the communication of CI, which can be a reason for why manufacturing companies fail in their CI implementation. An integration of control indicators and improvement indicators could improve continuous improvement results, increasing business performance.
  •  
46.
  • Larsson, Carina, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • How to visualize performance measures in a manufacturing SME
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Measuring Business Excellence. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1368-3047 .- 1758-8057. ; 21:4, s. 337-350
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify strengths and weaknesses in the communication of performance measures and propose guidelines for the visualization of performance measures supporting continuous improvement (CI) in manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The goal is to help manufacturing SMEs improve their communication of performance measures, thereby improving performance, and strengthening the company. Design/methodology/approach - This paper draws on both theoretical and empirical research. It begins with a literature review of theoretical guidelines for the visualization of performance measures. This theoretical information is then supplemented with a case study and a survey, both carried out at the Vara plant, a manufacturing SME with well-developed communication of performance measures. The case study involved all organizational levels in the company and focused on identifying strengths and weaknesses in visual communication of performance measures supporting CI. The information acquired from the literature survey and the case study was then used as the basis for a survey of the employees in one department as regards their perception, understanding and opinion of visual communication of performance measures. The analysis of the results led to the development of guidelines and a substantive proposal improving visualization of performance measures in this specific company, and in manufacturing SMEs in general. Findings - A model for the visualization of performance measures supporting CI in the company was carried out. The guidelines proposed for all such visualizations are as follows: keep the visualization as simple as possible without compromising understanding, use symbols and colors consistently, use simple words and do not include too much information in the visualization. The study also shows that it is important to support a written visualization with an oral presentation to explain the results. Originality/value - The originality of this paper lies in its focus on the visualization of performance measures in manufacturing SMEs and the guidelines and proposals developed.
  •  
47.
  • Larsson, Carina, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Performance measurement communication supporting lean production in SMEs
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Performance management. - : The Performance Management Association (PMA). ; , s. 714-725
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PurposeThe aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the current status of performance measurement communication to support lean production in SMEs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on theoretical and empirical studies. A literature review of existing research in performance measurement communication, focusing on lean production in SMEs, was carried out. The empirical part is based on interviews with both managers and operators in SMEs in the south of Sweden working with lean production. Twenty-four interviews in eight companies / plants were carried out.FindingsThe paper provides a structured overview of current research in performance measurement communication. Performance measurement communication was categorised into three parts, which taken together could support lean production implementation in SMEs. It can be concluded that, although all existing research in performance measurement and communication, there is no operational guideline of how to communicate performance measurement. From the interviews it can be seen that the companies have improved their performance measurement communication during the lean production implementation, but that there is no common way of communicating performance measurements in SMEs.
  •  
48.
  • Lind, Andreas, 1985-, et al. (författare)
  • Digital support for rules and regulations when planning and designing factory layouts
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 120, s. 1445-1450
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Factory layouts are frequently planned and designed in virtual environments, based on the experience of the layout planner. This planning and design process depends on information from several cross-disciplinary activities performed by several functions and experts, e.g., product development, manufacturing process planning, resource descriptions, ergonomics, and safety. Additionally, the layout planner also needs to consider applicable rules and regulations. This experience-based and manual approach to plan and design factory layouts, considering a multitude of inputs and parameters, is a cumbersome iterative process with a high risk of human error and faulty inputs and updates. The general trend in industry is to automate and assist users with their tasks and activities, deriving from concepts such as Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. This paper presents and demonstrates how digital support for rules and regulations can assist layout planners in factory layout work. The objective is to support the layout planner in accounting for area/volume reservations required to comply with rules and regulations for workers and equipment in the factory layout. This is a step in a wider initiative to provide enhanced digital support to layout planners, making the layout planning and design process more objective and efficient, and bridge gaps between cross-disciplinary planning and design activities.
  •  
49.
  • Lind, Andreas, 1985-, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluating a Digital Twin Concept for an Automatic Up-to-Date Factory Layout Setup
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: SPS2022. - Amsterdam; Berlin; Washington, DC : IOS Press. - 9781643682686 - 9781643682693 ; , s. 473-484
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Today, manufacturing factory layout setups are most often manually designed and kept up-to-date during their lifecycle with computer-aided design software’s, so that analyses, verification simulations, and decisions can continuously be done. This manual approach is a cumbersome iterative process to collect the necessary information, with a high risk of faulty inputs and updates. Often the virtual descriptions do not match the physical version of the factory setup. This research presents a digital twin solution where physical equipment is connected to a virtual representation of the same equipment and automatically updates the virtual environment with the spatial position of the physical equipment and a proposed way to evaluate it. The physical equipment either has inbuilt sensors or has been equipped with external wireless sensors to track the spatial position. The metadata are distributed via Node-RED (a tool to visualize Internet of Things) to the simulation software Industrial Path Solutions, where the virtual equipment is repositioned based on data from the physical equipment. The result shows that it is possible to send spatial position information from a physical equipment and update the corresponding virtual description of the equipment in its virtual environment. The accuracy of the updates has been evaluated with manual measurements. Hence, the virtual environment of the factory setup, i.e., the digital twin, updates automatically based on the data sent by the physical equipment. With an up-to-date virtual environment, more accurate simulations and optimizations of the factory setup can be achieved. Examples of such possibilities are to evaluate ergonomic conditions or to optimize robot paths for robot cells in realistic and up-to-date virtual environments. Also, one could imagine making virtual reality visits to hazardous or sensitive factory environments in a safe way or studying things that otherwise would be hard or impossible in the real world. 
  •  
50.
  • Lind, Andreas, 1985-, et al. (författare)
  • Extending and demonstrating an engineering communication framework utilising the digital twin concept in a context of factory layouts
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1741-539X .- 1741-5403. ; 12:3, s. 201-224
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The factory layout is frequently planned in virtual environments, based on the experience of software tool users. This planning process is cumbersome and iterative to collect the necessary information, with a high risk of faulty inputs and updates. The digital twin concept has been introduced in order to speed up information sharing within a company; it relies on connectivity. However, the concept is often misunderstood as just a 3D model of a virtual object, not including connectivity. The aim of this paper is to present an extended virtual and physical engineering communication framework including four concepts: digital model, digital pre-runner, digital shadow, and digital twin. The four concepts are demonstrated and described in order to facilitate understanding how data exchange between virtual and physical objects can work in the future and having up-to date virtual environments enables simulating, analysing, and improving on more realistic and accurate datasets.
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