| 1. |
- Berglund, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary habits among snus users : a population-based cross-sectional study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The dietary habits among snus users are largely unknown and have not been accounted for in observational studies on the health effects of snus use.Aim: To examine whether snus users eat unhealthier than never tobacco users.Methods: A total of 3,397 male participants, examined between 1994 and 2014 in the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) study, were included. Snus use and dietary habits were self-reported using questionnaires, from which intakes of different food groups, macronutrients, and a healthy diet score (HDS) were calculated (the latter as a proxy for overall diet quality). The association between snus use and dietary habits was examined by quantile regression models.Results: In the multivariable-adjusted model, current snus users had a lower HDS (median difference: -0.86 [95% confidence interval: -1.32, -0.40]) than never tobacco users. Snus users also consumed fewer weekly servings of fruits and berries (median difference: -1.03 [-1.65, -0.40]), and their estimated percentage of energy intake con -sisted of less carbohydrates (median difference: -1.43 [-2.12, -0.74]) and of more total fat (median difference: 0.99 [0.30, 1.67]), saturated fat (median difference: 0.67 [0.29, 1.05]), monounsaturated fat (median difference: 0.44 [0.20, 0.68]), trans fat (median difference: 0.03 [0.01, 0.06]), and alcohol (median difference: 0.21 [0.02, 0.40]).Conclusion: We observed that snus users had an unhealthier diet than never tobacco users. Future studies on the association between snus use and health outcomes should, therefore, consider diet as a potential confounder.
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| 2. |
- Dahlqvist, Johanna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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A single-nucleotide deletion in the POMP 5' UTR causes a transcriptional switch and altered epidermal proteasome distribution in KLICK genodermatosis
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 86:4, s. 596-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- KLICK syndrome is a rare autosomal-recessive skin disorder characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma, linear hyperkeratotic papules, and ichthyosiform scaling. In order to establish the genetic cause of this disorder, we collected DNA samples from eight European probands. Using high-density genome-wide SNP analysis, we identified a 1.5 Mb homozygous candidate region on chromosome 13q. Sequence analysis of the ten annotated genes in the candidate region revealed homozygosity for a single-nucleotide deletion at position c.-95 in the proteasome maturation protein (POMP) gene, in all probands. The deletion is included in POMP transcript variants with long 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) and was associated with a marked increase of these transcript variants in keratinocytes from KLICK patients. POMP is a ubiquitously expressed protein and functions as a chaperone for proteasome maturation. Immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsies from KLICK patients revealed an altered epidermal distribution of POMP, the proteasome subunit proteins alpha 7 and beta 5, and the ER stress marker CHOP. Our results suggest that KLICK syndrome is caused by a single-nucleotide deletion in the 5' UTR of POMP resulting in altered distribution of POMP in epidermis and a perturbed formation of the outermost layers of the skin. These findings imply that the proteasome has a prominent role in the terminal differentiation of human epidermis.
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| 3. |
- Dahlqvist, Johanna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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siRNA silencing of proteasome maturation protein (POMP) activates the unfolded protein response and constitutes a model for KLICK genodermatosis
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:1, s. e29471-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Keratosis linearis with ichthyosis congenita and keratoderma (KLICK) is an autosomal recessive skin disorder associated with a single-nucleotide deletion in the 5'untranslated region of the proteasome maturation protein (POMP) gene. The deletion causes a relative switch in transcription start sites for POMP, predicted to decrease levels of POMP protein in terminally differentiated keratinocytes. To investigate the pathophysiology behind KLICK we created an in vitro model of the disease using siRNA silencing of POMP in epidermal air-liquid cultures. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue constructs revealed aberrant staining of POMP, proteasome subunits and the skin differentiation marker filaggrin when compared to control tissue constructs. The staining patterns of POMP siRNA tissue constructs showed strong resemblance to those observed in skin biopsies from KLICK patients. Western blot analysis of lysates from the organotypic tissue constructs revealed an aberrant processing of profilaggrin to filaggrin in samples transfected with siRNA against POMP. Knock-down of POMP expression in regular cell cultures resulted in decreased amounts of proteasome subunits. Prolonged silencing of POMP in cultured cells induced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression consistent with an activation of the unfolded protein response and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The combined results indicate that KLICK is caused by reduced levels of POMP, leading to proteasome insufficiency in differentiating keratinocytes. Proteasome insufficiency disturbs terminal epidermal differentiation, presumably by increased ER stress, and leads to perturbed processing of profilaggrin. Our findings underline a critical role for the proteasome in human epidermal differentiation.
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| 4. |
- Törmä, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of dietary trends between two counties with and without a cardiovascular prevention program : a population-based cross-sectional study in northern Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 25:7, s. 1835-1843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare temporal trends, over a 20-year period, in dietary habits between a county (Västerbotten) with a cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention program and a county (Norrbotten) without such a program.Design: Cross-sectional data from the Northern Sweden MONICA study (survey period 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014). Dietary habits were assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.Setting: Counties of Norrbotten and Västerbotten, Northern Sweden.Participants: Five thousand four hundred Swedish adults (mean age 56.9 years; 51.2% women) from Västerbotten (47%) and Norrbotten (53%).Results: No differences in temporal trend for estimated percentage of energy intake from total carbohydrates, total fat, total protein, and alcohol were observed between the counties (p for interaction ≥0.33). There were no between-county difference in temporal trends for overall diet quality (assessed by the Healthy Diet Score; p for interaction = 0.36). Nor were there any between-county differences for intake of whole grain products, fruits, vegetables, fish, sweetened beverages or fried potatoes (p for interaction ≥ 0.09). Consumption of meat (p for interaction = 0.05) increased to a greater extent in Norrbotten from 2009 and onwards, mainly in men (sex-specific analyses, p for interaction = 0.04). Men in Västerbotten decreased their intake of sweets to a greater extent than men in Norrbotten (p for interaction <0.01).Conclusions: Over a 20-year period in northern Sweden, only small differences in dietary habits were observed in favor of a county with a CVD prevention program compared to a county without such a program.
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| 5. |
- Törmä, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Does undernutrition still prevail among nursing home residents?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 32:4, s. 562-568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMSDuring recent years public awareness about malnutrition has increased and collective initiatives have been undertaken. Simultaneously, the number of older adults is increasing, and the elderly care has been placed under pressure. The aim was to assess the nutritional situation and one-year mortality among nursing home (NH) residents, and compare with historical data.METHODSMini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), ADL Barthel Index (BI), Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), EQ-5D, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and blood samples were collected from 172 NH residents (86.3 ± 8 years, 70% women). Mortality data was taken from NH records. Nutritional data from 166 NH residents (83.8 ± 8 years, 61% women) examined in 1996 was retrieved for historical comparison.RESULTSThe prevalence of malnutrition was 30%, as compared to 71% in the historical data set, corresponding to a present average body mass index of 23.7 ± 5.1 compared with 22.3 ± 4.2 kg/m(2) (p < 0.01). Reduced nutritional status was associated with decline in function (p < 0.001) and cognition (p < 0.01). One-year mortality was 24%. Regression analyses indicated high age (OR = 1.09, 95% CI (1.03-1.16)), high scores in CCI (OR = 1.54, (1.19-1.99)), low BMI (OR = 2.47, (1.14-5.38)) and malnutrition (OR = 2.37, (1.07-5.26)) to be independently associated with one-year mortality.CONCLUSIONSMalnutrition still prevails and is associated with deteriorated cognition, function and increased mortality. A possible improvement in nutritional status in NH residents over time was observed.
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| 6. |
- Törmä, Johanna, 1981-
(författare)
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Implementation strategies for nutritional guidelines in nursing homes : Effects on care staff and residents
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: The number of older adults (≥ 65 years) is increasing in Sweden. At the same time, the elderly care system is being restructured with an increased care burden in nursing homes (NHs). Several studies report a high prevalence of malnutrition among older adults. In recent years public awareness about malnutrition has increased and collective initiatives have been undertaken. However, we lack knowledge regarding how to implement these initiatives to achieve real improvements in practice.Aims: The overall aims of the thesis are to update our knowledge of the nutritional situation in municipal elderly care and to evaluate different implementation strategies (external facilitation and educational outreach visits) for implementing nutritional guidelines in the NH setting.Methods: Residents and staff of altogether eight NH units participated in the studies. The two implementation strategies were external facilitation (EF) and educational outreach visits (EOV). The EF strategy was a one-year, multifaceted intervention that included support, guidance, practice audits and feedback in four NH units. The EOV strategy comprised one three-hour lecture about the nutritional guidelines in four other NH units. Both strategies were targeted to selected NH teams, which consisted of a unit manager, a nurse and 5-10 care staff.Results: In paper I, the prevalence of malnutrition in the NH setting remained high, i.e., 30% were malnourished and 63% at risk of malnutrition, and malnutrition was associated with deterioration in function and cognition and one-year mortality. However, possible improvements in nutritional status among NH residents over time (from 1996 to 2010) were observed. In paper II, the EF strategy improved mealtime ambience compared to the EOV strategy with respect to arranging the table, offering a choice of beverage and more to drink, serving the meal, increasing social interactions between staff and residents, decreasing social interactions among staff and reducing noise from the kitchen. In paper III, the EF strategy may have been related to a delay in cognitive deterioration in a sub-sample of communicative NH residents. In paper IV, the EF strategy improved, on average, the ability and willingness of the staff to implement the guidelines, i.e., the staff experienced a clearer assignment of responsibilities regarding nutritional procedures and that they had more time, tools and support from leadership. Moreover, the staff felt that they experienced less resistance from work colleagues, that their knowledge and experience were valued, that the guidelines worked in practice and that the implementation of guidelines was not labourious. Conclusions: Malnutrition is prevalent in Swedish nursing homes. Implementation of nutritional guidelines by an external facilitator, as compared to traditional methods, may be more effective on mealtime ambience, provide better preconditions for change among the staff, and may have positive effects on cognition among residents.
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| 7. |
- Törmä, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Is it possible to influence ability, willingness and understanding among nursing home care staff to implement nutritional guidelines? : A comparison of a facilitated and an educational strategy
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Translating nutrition knowledge into care practice is challenging since multiple factors can affect the implementation process. This study examined the impact of two implementation strategies, that is external facilitation (EF) and educational outreach visits (EOVs), on the organisational context and individual factors when implementing nutritional guidelines in a nursing home (NH) setting.Methods: The EF strategy was a one-year, multifaceted (including support, guidance, a practice audit and feedback) intervention given to four NH units. The EOV strategy was a three-hour lecture about the nutritional guidelines given to four other NH units. Both strategies were directed at selected NH teams, consisting of a unit manager, a nurse and 5-10 care staff. A questionnaire was distributed, before and after the interventions, to evaluate the prerequisites for the staff to use the guidelines. Three conditions were used to examine the organisational context and the individual factors: the staff's ability and willingness to implement the nutritional guidelines and their understanding of them. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models were used for the data analysis.Results: The results indicated that on average, there was a significant increase in the staff's ability to implement the nutritional guidelines in the EF group. The staff exposed to the EF strategy experienced better resources to implement the guidelines in terms of time, tools and support from leadership and a clearer assignment of responsibility regarding nutrition procedures. There was no change in staff's willingness and understanding of the guidelines in the EF group. On average, no significant changes were observed for the staff's ability, willingness or understanding in the EOV group.Conclusions: A long-term, active and flexible implementation strategy (i.e. EF) affected the care staff's ability to implement the nutritional guidelines in an NH setting. No such impact was observed for the more passive, educational approach (i.e. EOV).
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| 8. |
- Törmä, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies to implement community guidelines on nutrition and their long-term clinical effects in nursing home residents
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 19:1, s. 70-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Studies on implementation techniques that focus on nutrition in the setting of elderly care are scarce. The aims of this study were to compare two implementation strategies i.e., external facilitation ( EF) and educational outreach visits ( EOVs), in order to introduce nutritional guidelines ( e.g. screening, food quality and mealtime ambience), into a nursing home ( NH) setting and to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Design: A controlled study with baseline and follow-up measurements. Setting: Four NHs. Participants: A total of 101 NH residents. Intervention: The EF was a one-year, multifaceted intervention that included support, guidance, practice audits, and feedback that were provided to two NHs. The EOVs performed at the other NHs consisted of one session of three hours of lectures about the guidelines. Both interventions targeted a team of the unit manager, the head nurse, and 5-10 of the care staff. Measurements: The outcomes were nutritional status ( Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form, MNA-SF), body mass index ( BMI), functional ability ( Barthel Index, BI), cognitive function ( Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, SPMSQ, performed in a subgroup of communicative NH residents), health-related quality of life ( EQ-5D), and the levels of certain biochemical markers like for example vitamin D, albumin and insulin-like growth factor 1. Results: After a median of 18 months, nutritional parameters ( MNA-SF and BMI) remained unchanged in both groups. While there were no differences in most outcomes between the two groups, the cognitive ability of those in the EOV group deteriorated more than in individuals in the EF group ( p=0.008). Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the intervention group assignment ( EF) was independently from other potentially related factors associated with less cognitive decline. Conclusion: An extended model of implementation of nutritional guidelines, including guidance and feedback to NH staff, did not affect nutritional status but may be associated with a delayed cognitive decline in communicative NH residents.
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| 9. |
- Törmä, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of nutritional guideline implementation on nursing home staff performance : a controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 32:2, s. 622-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Suboptimal nutritional practices in elderly caresettings may be resolved by an efficient introduction ofnutritional guidelines.Aims: To compare two different implementation strate-gies, external facilitation (EF) and educational outreachvisits (EOVs), when introducing nutritional guidelines innursing homes (NHs), and study the impact on staffperformance.Methodological design: A quasi-experimental study withbaseline and follow-up measurements.Outcome measures: The primary outcome was staff perfor-mance as a function of mealtime ambience and food ser-vice routines.Interventions/research methods: The EF strategy was a 1-year,multifaceted intervention that included support, guidance,practice audit and feedback in two NH units. The EOVstrategy comprised one-three-hour lecture about nutri-tional guidelines in two other NH units. Both strategieswere targeted to selected NH teams, which consisted of aunit manager, a nurse and 5–10 care staff. Mealtime ambi-ence was evaluated by 47 observations using a structuredmealtime instrument. Food service routines were evalu-ated by 109 food records performed by the staff.Results: Mealtime ambience was more strongly improvedin the EF group than in the EOV group after the imple-mentation. Factors improved were laying a table(p = 0.03), offering a choice of beverage (p = 0.02), theserving of the meal (p = 0.02), interactions between staffand residents (p = 0.02) and less noise from the kitchen(p = 0.01). Food service routines remained unchanged inboth groups.Conclusions: An EF strategy that included guidance, auditand feedback improved mealtime ambience when nutri-tional guidelines were introduced in a nursing home set-ting, whereas food service routines were unchanged bythe EF strategy.
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| 10. |
- Veronese, N., et al.
(författare)
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Inverse relationship between body mass index and mortality in older nursing home residents : a meta-analysis of 19,538 elderly subjects
- 2015
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Ingår i: Obesity Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 16:11, s. 1001-1015
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body mass index (BMI) and mortality in old adults from the general population have been related in a U-shaped or J-shaped curve. However, limited information is available for elderly nursing home populations, particularly about specific cause of death. A systematic PubMed/EMBASE/CINAHL/SCOPUS search until 31 May 2014 without language restrictions was conducted. As no published study reported mortality in standard BMI groups (<18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25-29.9, 30kg/m(2)), the most adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) according to a pre-defined list of covariates were obtained from authors and pooled by random-effect model across each BMI category. Out of 342 hits, 20 studies including 19,538 older nursing home residents with 5,223 deaths during a median of 2 years of follow-up were meta-analysed. Compared with normal weight, all-cause mortality HRs were 1.41 (95% CI=1.26-1.58) for underweight, 0.85 (95% CI=0.73-0.99) for overweight and 0.74 (95% CI=0.57-0.96) for obesity. Underweight was a risk factor for higher mortality caused by infections (HR=1.65 [95% CI=1.13-2.40]). RR results corroborated primary HR results, with additionally lower infection-related mortality in overweight and obese than in normal-weight individuals. Like in the general population, underweight is a risk factor for mortality in old nursing home residents. However, uniquely, not only overweight but also obesity is protective, which has relevant nutritional goal implications in this population/setting.
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