| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Sanfridson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A quality of control architecture and codesign method
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proc 10th Real time and embedded technology and applications symposium.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An architecture and a method supportingcodesign of flexible computer control systems are proposedin this paper. We call this approach Quality of Controlto reflect the emphasis on control performance. Keycomponents of the architecture include negotiation to optimizeoverall quality, admission control, explicit specificationsof control characteristics and timing constraints,and on-line estimation of the control performance as afunction of the actual system timing. The purpose is togive flexibility in terms of scalability, maintainability,configurability and graceful degradation.
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| 5. |
- Sanfridson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of randomly time varying sampling and computational delay
- 2005
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Ingår i: 16th Triennial World Congress of International Federation of Automatic Control, IFAC 2005.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A randomly time-varying sampling period or control delay affects the performance, robustness and stability of a control loop. The variation in sensing and actuation instants is caused by e.g. multitasking, interactions in distributed systems and varying processing time. The discretization of a continuous-time quadratic loss function and the process is here extended to the case of aperiodic systems, when the control signal exhibits multiple changes during a non-uniform sampling period.
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| 6. |
- Törngren, Martin, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies and considerations in shaping cyber-physical systems education
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACM SIGBED Review. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1551-3688. ; :1, s. 53-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems education faces several challenges as well as opportunities as every-“thing” becomes connected, and as technology development accelerates. Initiatives such as CDIO, as well as several other academic and industry initiatives to create new CPS programs illustrate strong interests and awareness of these challenges. We provide an overview of foreseen educational needs, existing state of the art in education and an analysis of the subject of CPS with the purpose of understanding the implications for education. The investigation points to key issues in curriculum design regarding balancing depth and breadth, theory and practices, academic and industrial needs, and core technical skills with complementary skills. Curricula in CPS could, if the right balance is achieved, educate CPS engineers of the future that are “ready to engineer”. We conclude by synthesizing high level guidelines in terms of strategies and considerations for CPS curriculum development.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Alelyani, T., et al.
(författare)
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A literature review on obsolescence management in COTS-centric cyber physical systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1877-0509. ; , s. 135-145
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)-centric cyber physical systems often contain software and hardware elements with life-spans shorter than the systems' intended life-span. Various studies have examined hardware obsolescence, although in most systems, software costs contribute as much, or more, to the total life cycle costs than hardware. The aim of our research effort is to explore, synthesize, and compile past research efforts on obsolescence in the context of COTS-based systems, and propose new ways to overcome related issues. This research effort suggests the need for systematic perspectives to streamline potentially overbearing acquisition processes while focusing on core critical aspects affecting systems sustainment and cost. Significant life cycle costs associated with obsolescence mitigation approaches, therefore, programmatic strategic planning should be adapted to include the context of obsolescence with the objective to improve the efficiency of new COTS-intensive CPS systems with enduring perspectives. The study reveals opportunities and challenges for obsolescence in COTS-based CPSs.
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| 9. |
- Andruetto, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Adding Cyberphysical Systems to the Engineering Education "Pi"
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computer. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9162 .- 1558-0814. ; 56:2, s. 116-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because many systems are evolving into cyberphysical systems, it is essential to examine their impact on society. This article introduces a multidisciplinary course that provides an overview of how these systems contribute to sociotechnical change.
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| 10. |
- Behere, Sagar, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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A Functional Reference Architecture for Autonomous Driving
- 2016
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Ingår i: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 73, s. 136-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ContextAs autonomous driving technology matures towards series production, it is necessary to take a deeper look at various aspects of electrical/electronic (E/E) architectures for autonomous driving.ObjectiveThis paper describes a functional architecture for autonomous driving, along with various considerations that influence such an architecture. The functionality is described at the logical level, without dependence on specific implementation technologies.MethodEngineering design has been used as the research method, which focuses on creating solutions intended for practical application. The architecture has been refined and applied over a five year period to the construction of protoype autonomous vehicles in three different categories, with both academic and industrial stakeholders.ResultsThe architectural components are divided into categories pertaining to (i) perception, (ii) decision and control, and (iii) vehicle platform manipulation. The architecture itself is divided into two layers comprising the vehicle platform and a cognitive driving intelligence. The distribution of components among the architectural layers considers two extremes: one where the vehicle platform is as "dumb" as possible, and the other, where the vehicle platform can be treated as an autonomous system with limited intelligence. We recommend a clean split between the driving intelligence and the vehicle platform. The architecture description includes identification of stakeholder concerns, which are grouped under the business and engineering categories. A comparison with similar architectures is also made, wherein we claim that the presence of explicit components for world modeling, semantic understanding, and vehicle platform abstraction seem unique to our architecture.ConclusionThe concluding discussion examines the influences of implementation technologies on functional architectures and how an architecture is affected when a human driver is replaced by a computer. The discussion also proposes that reduction and acceleration of testing, verification, and validation processes is the key to incorporating continuous deployment processes.
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| 11. |
- Behere, Sagar, et al.
(författare)
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Systems Engineering and Architecting for Intelligent Autonomous Systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Automated Driving. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319318950 ; , s. 313-351
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter provides an overview of architecture and systems engineeringfor autonomous driving system, through a set of complementaryperspectives. For practitioners, a short term perspective uses the state of theart to dene a three layered functional architecture for autonomous driving,consisting of a vehicle platform, a cognitive driving intelligence, and o-board supervisory and monitoring services. The architecture is placed withina broader context of model based systems engineering (MBSE), for which wedene four classes of models: Concept of Operations, Logical Architecture,Application Software Components, and Platform Components. These classesaid an immediate or subsequent MBSE methodology for concrete projects.Also for concrete projects, we propose an implementation setup and technologiesthat combine simulation and implementation for rapid testing of autonomousdriving functionality in physical and virtual environments. Futureevolution of autonomous driving systems is explored with a long term perspectivelooking at stronger concepts of autonomy like machine consciousnessand self-awareness. Contrasting these concepts with current engineering practicesshows that scaling to more complex systems may require incorporatingelements of so-called constructivist architectures. The impact of autonomy onsystems engineering is expected to be mainly around testing and verication,while implementations shall continue experiencing an in ux of technologiesfrom non-automotive domains.
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| 12. |
- Berezovskyi, Andrii, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient state update exchange in a CPS environment for linked data-based digital twins
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728129273 ; , s. 983-989
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the problem of reducing the number of messages needed to exchange state updates between the Cyber-Physical System (CPS) components that integrate with the rest of the CPS through Digital Twins in order to maintain uniform communication interface and carry out their tasks correctly and safely. The main contribution is a proposed architecture and the discussion of its suitability to support correct execution of complex tasks across the CPS. A new State Event Filtering component is presented to provide event-based communication among Digital Twins that are based on the Linked Data principles while keeping the fan-out limited to ensure the scalability of the architecture.
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| 13. |
- Biehl, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating safety analysis into the model-based development toolchain of automotive embedded systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: ACM SIGPLAN Notices. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 1523-2867 .- 0362-1340 .- 1558-1160. ; 45, s. 125-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The automotive industry has a growing demand for the seamless integration of safety analysis tools into the model-based development toolchain for embedded systems. This requires translating concepts of the automotive domain to the safety domain. We automate such a translation between the automotive architecture description language EAST-ADL2 and the safety analysis tool HiP-HOPS by using model transformations and by leveraging the advantages of different model transformation techniques. Through this integration, the analysis can be conducted early in the development process, when the system can be redesigned to fulfill safety goals with relatively low effort and cost.
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| 14. |
- Caspi, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for a curriculum on embedded software and systems
- 2005
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems. - : ACM Press. - 1539-9087 .- 1558-3465. ; 4:3, s. 587-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of embedded real-time systems requires skills from multiple specific disciplines, including, but not limited to, control, computer science, and electronics. This often involves experts from differing backgrounds, who do not recognize that they address similar, if not identical, issues from complementary angles. Design methodologies are lacking in rigor and discipline so that demonstrating correctness of an embedded design, if at all possible, is a very expensive proposition that may delay significantly the introduction of a critical product. While the economic importance of embedded systems is widely acknowledged, academia has not paid enough attention to the education of a community of high-quality embedded system designers, an obvious difficulty being the need of interdisciplinarity in a period where specialization has been the target of most education systems. This paper presents the reflections that took place in the European Network of Excellence Artist leading us to propose principles and structured contents for building curricula on embedded software and systems.
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| 15. |
- Chamberlain, R., et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cyber Physical Systems. - : Springer Verlag. - 9783030237028 ; , s. vi-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
- Chamberlain, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cyber Physical Systems. Design, Modeling, and Evaluation. - : Springer Verlag.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
- Chen, Jinwei, et al.
(författare)
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An Open Source Lifecycle Collaboration Approach Supporting Internet of Things System Development
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 14TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE). - : IEEE. ; , s. 63-68
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The internet of things (IoT) system integrates heterogeneous systems using centric services to provide a single open solution to process sensor data. During the whole life cycle of IoT systems, developers face the problems of interface management and data interoperability led by increasing complexity. Such problems decrease the efficiency of IoT system development and implementation, such as interface configurations for domain specific systems are difficult if there is not a unified specification. This paper proposed an Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration (OSLC) approach supporting IoT system development and implementation. The approach integrates domain specific data across the whole lifecycle including development models and sensor data. Moreover, it enables interface management for IoT system development and real-time monitoring for implementations. From the case study, we find an OSLC-based tool, Datalinks, supports data integration and interface management which improves the development efficiency and data interoperability of IoT systems. The integrated data based on OSLC acts the mid-wares of data exchange between physical space and virtual space of IoT system. Moreover, the OSLC-based interfaces are developed based on unified specifications whose reusability is promoted for the future development.
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| 18. |
- Cuenot, Philippe, et al.
(författare)
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Engineering support for automotive embedded systems : beyond Autosar
- 2008
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Ingår i: FISITA World Automotive Congress 2008, Congress Proceedings - Electronics. ; , s. 180-189
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The future de-facto standard for automotive electric/electronic (E/E) architectures, AUTOSAR (1), is becoming more and more mature. In December 2007 there has been a release of the version 3.0, and automotive OEMs are already using AUTOSAR technology in their series production projects. Even though there has been an evolution of which engineering information and concepts are part of AUTOSAR and there are still things to be defined, there will always be a number of issues outside the scope of this standardization initiative. As AUTOSAR has become a de facto standard, there is an obvious possibility now to define general systems engineering concepts complementary to and thus going beyond the current AUTOSAR specifications. In this paper we describe the advantages of having an integrated architecture description language (ADL) specific for the development of E/E systems in the automotive domain. We present the core concepts for such an integrated ADL which targets an overall systems engineering approach: the EAST-ADL2. The original EAST-ADL was developed in the EAST-EEA project (7) and basic concepts were reused in the AUTOSAR standardization initiative. Lately, the original EAST-ADL has been refined and extended in the ATESST project (www.atesst.org) to EAST-ADL2. The EAST-ADL2 conceptually integrates and links engineering information related to multiple engineering disciplines such as product line engineering, requirements engineering, control engineering, software engineering, safety engineering and real-time systems engineering. The ADL docs not prescribe a specific development process and it lends itself to top-down, bottom-up and middle-out development approaches and methods. As a central part, the EAST-ADL2 defines a system model which is organized in parts representing different levels of abstraction, reflecting different views and levels of details of the vehicle E/E architecture. By identifying AUTOSAR as belonging to only one certain level of abstraction, namely the implementation level, we also show that there is a way to define complementary ADL concepts without interfering with AUTOSAR. These describe engineering information that is more abstract, with different engineering focus and thus - from the EAST-ADL2 perspective - on different levels of abstraction.
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| 19. |
- Cuenot, Philippe, et al.
(författare)
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The EAST-ADL Architecture Description Language for Automotive Embedded Software
- 2010. - 1
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Ingår i: Model-Based Engineering of Embedded Real-Time Systems. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642162770 ; , s. 297-207
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current trends in automotive embedded systems focus on how to manage the increasing software content, with a strong emphasis on standardization of the embedded software structure. The management of engineering information remains a critical challenge in order to support development and other stages of the life-cycle. System modelling based on an Architecture Description Language (ADL) is a way to keep these assets within one information structure. This paper presents the EAST- ADL2 modelling language, developed in the ITEA EAST-EEA project and further enhanced in the ATESST project (www.atesst.org). EAST- ADL2 supports comprehensive model-based development of embedded systems and provides dedicated constructs to facilitate variability and product line management, requirements engineering, representation of functional as well as software/hardware solutions, and timing and safety analysis.
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| 20. |
- Fornaro, Gianfilippo, et al.
(författare)
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Improving Road Traffic Safety and Performance–Barriers and Directions Towards Cooperative Automated Vehicles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. 283-294
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complexity of deploying automated vehicles (AVs) has been grossly underestimated and vehicles at high levels of automated driving (SAE level 4 and above) have so far only been deployed in very limited areas. Highly automated AVs will face complex traffic, e.g., due to occlusions and unpredictable road-user behaviour, and AVs may shift the distribution of crashes. This has given rise to a renewed interest in connectivity and collaboration, with the need to monitor (emerging) behaviours and risk, and the promise to improve road traffic safety and performance by resolving the “information gap”. This motivates further investigations and research in this direction. In this paper we set out to identify barriers and important directions towards solutions for such collaborative systems, as formed by connected automated vehicles and a supporting cyber-physical infrastructure. Drawing upon a state-of-the art assessment and interactions with experts, we conclude that the current state-of-the art is fragmented, and therefore investigate key topics related to collaboration barriers and propose research questions to address them, hoping that the provided structure can also assist in guiding future research. The topics cover, (i) the socio-technical and system of systems nature of collaborative systems, (ii) the multifaceted design space and architectures with related trade-for such systems including between safety, performance and cost, and (iii) trustworthiness issues, ranging from safety and cybersecurity to privacy and ethics.
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| 21. |
- Gaspar Sánchez, José Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Edge computing for cyber-physical systems : A Systematic Mapping Study Emphasizing Trustworthiness
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 2378-962X .- 2378-9638. ; 6:3, s. 1-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Edge computing is projected to have profound implications in the coming decades, proposed to provide solutions for applications such as augmented reality, predictive functionalities, and collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). For such applications, edge computing addresses the new computational needs, as well as privacy, availability, and real-time constraints, by providing local high-performance computing capabilities to deal with the limitations and constraints of cloud and embedded systems. Edge computing is today driven by strong market forces stemming from IT/cloud, telecom, and networking - with corresponding multiple interpretations of ”edge computing” (e.g. device edge, network edge, distributed cloud, etc.). Considering the strong drivers for edge-computing and the relative novelty of the field, it becomes important to understand the specific requirements and characteristics of edge-based CPS, and to ensure that research is guided adequately, e.g. avoiding specific gaps.Our interests lie in the applications of edge computing as part of CPS, where several properties (or attributes) of trustworthiness, including safety, security, and predictability/availability are of particular concern, each facing challenges for the introduction of edge-based CPS. We present the results of a systematic mapping study, a kind of systematic literature survey, investigating the use of edge computing for CPS with a special emphasis on trustworthiness. The main contributions of this study are a detailed description of the current research efforts in edge-based CPS and the identification and discussion of trends and research gaps. The results show that the main body of research in edge-based CPS only to a very limited extent consider key attributes of system trustworthiness, despite many efforts referring to critical CPS and applications like intelligent transportation. More research and industrial efforts will be needed on aspects of trustworthiness of future edge-based CPS including their experimental evaluation. Such research needs to consider the multiple interrelated attributes of trustworthiness including safety, security, and predictability, and new methodologies and architectures to address them. It is further important to provide bridges and collaboration between edge computing and CPS disciplines.
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| 22. |
- Gaspar Sánchez, José Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Foresee the Unseen : Sequential Reasoning about Hidden Obstacles for Safe Driving
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Safe driving requires autonomous vehicles to anticipate potential hidden traffic participants and other unseen objects, such as a cyclist hidden behind a large vehicle, or an object on the road hidden behind a building. Existing methods are usually unable to consider all possible shapes and orientations of such obstacles. They also typically do not reason about observations of hidden obstacles over time, leading to conservative anticipations. We overcome these limitations by (1) modeling possible hidden obstacles as a set of states of a point mass model and (2) sequential reasoning based on reachability analysis and previous observations. Based on (1), our method is safer, since we anticipate obstacles of arbitrary unknown shapes and orientations. In addition, (2) increases the available drivable space when planning trajectories for autonomous vehicles. In our experiments, we demonstrate that our method, at no expense of safety, gives rise to significant reductions in time to traverse various intersection scenarios from the CommonRoad Benchmark Suite.
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| 23. |
- Gaspar Sánchez, José Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Foresee the Unseen : Sequential Reasoning about Hidden Obstacles for Safe Driving
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 255-264
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Safe driving requires autonomous vehicles to anticipate potential hidden traffic participants and other unseen objects, such as a cyclist hidden behind a large vehicle, or an object on the road hidden behind a building. Existing methods are usually unable to consider all possible shapes and orientations of such obstacles. They also typically do not reason about observations of hidden obstacles over time, leading to conservative anticipations. We overcome these limitations by (1) modeling possible hidden obstacles as a set of states of a point mass model and (2) sequential reasoning based on reachability analysis and previous observations. Based on (1), our method is safer, since we anticipate obstacles of arbitrary unknown shapes and orientations. In addition, (2) increases the available drivable space when planning trajectories for autonomous vehicles. In our experiments, we demonstrate that our method, at no expense of safety, gives rise to significant reductions in time to traverse various intersection scenarios from the CommonRoad Benchmark Suite.
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| 24. |
- Gross, James, Professor, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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TECoSA – Trends, Drivers, and Strategic Directions for Trustworthy Edge Computing in Industrial Applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: INSIGHT. - : Wiley. - 2156-485X .- 2156-4868. ; 25:4, s. 29-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- TECoSA – a university-based research center in collaboration with industry – was established early in 2020, focusing on Trustworthy Edge Computing Systems and Applications. This article summarizes and assesses the current trends and drivers regarding edge computing. In our analysis, edge computing provided by mobile network operators will be the initial dominating form of this new computing paradigm for the coming decade. These insights form the basis for the research agenda of the TECoSA center, highlighting more advanced use cases, including AR/VR/Cognitive Assistance, cyber-physical systems, and distributed machine learning. The article further elaborates on the identified strategic directions given these trends, emphasizing testbeds and collaborative multidisciplinary research.
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| 25. |
- Gürdür Broo, D., et al.
(författare)
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Cyber-physical systems research and education in 2030 : Scenarios and strategies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Information Integration. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2467-964X .- 2452-414X. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as smart cities, collaborative robots, autonomous vehicles or intelligent transport systems, are expected to be highly intelligent, electrified, and connected. This study explores a focal question about how these new characteristics may affect the education and research related to CPS in 2030, the date identified by the United Nations to achieve the Agenda for Sustainable Development. To this end, first, we have conducted a trend spotting activity, seeking to identify possible influencing factors that may have a great impact on the future of CPS education and research. These factors were clustered in a total of 12 trends – four certainties; namely connectivity, electrification, data and automation – and eight uncertainties; namely intelligence, data ethics, labour market, lifelong learning, higher education, trust in technology, technological development speed, and sustainable development goals. After that, two of the eight uncertainties are identified and used to construct a scenario matrix, which includes four scenarios. These two uncertainties – the so-called strategic uncertainties – are: fulfilment of sustainable development goals and the nature of the technological development, respectively. These two important uncertainties are considered to build the scenarios due to their potential impact on the research and education of CPS. For instance, sustainable development goals are significant targets for many initiatives, organisations and countries. While 2030 is the deadline to achieve these goals, the relationship between the sustainable development goals related to CPS research and education is not studied well. Similarly, the speed of technological development is seen as a driving force behind future CPS. However, the effect of this speed to CPS research and education environment is not known. Different outcomes of the chosen two uncertainties are, then, combined with the remaining trends and uncertainties. Consequently, four scenarios are derived. The Terminator scenario illustrates a dystopian future where profit is the driving force behind technological progress and sustainable development goals are not accomplished. In contrast, The Iron Giant scenario represents the successful implementation of the sustainable development goals where technological development is the force behind the accomplishment of these goals. The scenario called Slow Progress represents a future where gradual technological improvements are present, but sustainability is still not seen as concerning the issue. The Humanist scenario illustrates a future where slow technological development is happening yet sustainable development goals are successfully implemented. Finally, the scenarios are used to initiate discussions by illustrating what the future of research and education could look like and a list of strategies for future CPS research and education environments is proposed. To this end, we invite educators, researchers, institutions and governments to develop the necessary strategies to enable data-orientated, continuous, interdisciplinary, collaborative, ethical, and sustainable research and education by improving digital fluency, advancing digital equality, contributing to new ways of teaching complex thinking, expanding access to learning platforms and preparing next generations to adapt for a rapidly changing future of work conditions.
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| 26. |
- Gürdür, Didem, 1983-
(författare)
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Data and Visual Analytics for Cyber-physical Systems : Current Situation and Strategies for Action
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today, cyber-physical systems (CPS) exist everywhere in different sizes, with different functionalities and capabilities. CPS often support critical missions that have significant economic and societal importance. They require software systems, communications technologies, sensors/actuators, embedded technologies, and physical systems to work together seamlessly, and they are seen as a driving force behind digital transformation. This dissertation describes the research work carried out to investigate applicability of data and visual analytics for CPS to overcome three main challenges: interoperability, complexity, and sustainability.To this end, several case studies are used to effectively implement and test different data and visual analytics solutions to aid stakeholders when they make decisions on interoperability, complexity, and sustainability for CPS. These studies raised questions about issues found to be of importance for the success of data and visual analytics approaches, including accessibility, availability, quality, volume, and variety of data—issues. Moreover, additional studies are used to show the benefits of blending different approaches, such as systems thinking and design thinking, and the current data analytics readiness of the Swedish industry is assessed through a questionnaire completed by more than a hundred respondents. The data and visual analytics are positioned between digitalization and machine intelligence as a research focus. Data and visual analytics is the next step after digitalizing the information by adding analytical capabilities to the data. It is also an important phase before developing machine intelligence applications. Earlier studies clearly show that only a fraction of companies have machine intelligence applications across the enterprise. One important reason behind this is the lack of strong digital capabilities that big data and advanced data analytics technologies could bring. The findings of the work carried out as part of this thesis show the importance of this middle phase—data and visual analytics—for the success of not only the CPS but also these two concepts—digitalization and machine intelligence.This thesis concludes by highlighting that currentdata and visual analytics approaches in CPS are closely dependent onthe availability, accessibility, quality, volume, and variety of the data. Notably, the huge amount of industrial data that exists in CPS manufacturers data repositories does not always mean that this data is useful, especially for analytical purposes. To this end, firstly, the CPS industry should concentrate its efforts to collect useful data that will benefit the industry by providing analytical insight intothe environments where CPS is produced and operated. Secondly, the industry should make necessary organizational changes such as considering to employ data scientists, analysts, and business intelligence developers and make data accessible tothese people for further usage. Thirdly, the data management procedures and data analytics roadmaps of companies should be created and shared with other employees, and necessary mechanisms needto be considered to improve and guarantee the quality of the data. Lastly, the variety of data needs to be addressed by the industry. Data and visual analytics provides an opportunity to extract patterns; to evaluate the interoperability, complexity, and sustainability; to create an overview of the current challenge by providing different viewpoints adapted to different stakeholders, focusing on key concerns for the respective stakeholder; to optimize performance, automation, and cooperation of distributed CPS, development environment, and teams; and overall, to improve any of the challenges that are mentioned above by, basically, providing a better understanding.To this end, I suggest that the industry discuss the next step after digitalization and address the challenges related to the availability, accessibility, quality, volume, and variety of data by considering user-centric approaches and organizational needs of the future development and manufacturing environments. The CPS industry should plan and act on these challenges as part of its data analytics strategies to expedite the machine intelligence applications of the future.
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| 27. |
- Gürdür, Didem, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalizing Swedish industry : What is next?: Data analytics readiness assessment of Swedish industry, according to survey results
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computers in industry (Print). - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0166-3615 .- 1872-6194. ; 105, s. 153-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitalization refers to enabling, improving, and transforming operations, functions, models, processes, or activities by leveraging digital technologies. Furthermore, digitalization is considered one of the most powerful drivers of innovation with the potential to trigger the next wave of innovation. Today, the importance of digitalization is well-understood in Swedish government agencies and industry. Although there are several initiatives working to actively drive change, one question is key: What is the next step? Data analytics is a promising way to turn information into outcomes, enhance decision-making, make data-driven discoveries, minimize risk, and unearth valuable insights that would otherwise remain hidden. This paper presents survey results on data analytics adoption and usage within Swedish industry, to highlight post-digitalization industry needs. To this end, a questionnaire was designed and distributed. Answers from more than 100 respondents from the manufacturing, technology, engineering, telecommunications, and automotive industries in Sweden were collected and analyzed. The assessment results show that Swedish industry has a high resources readiness score. This suggests that the necessary tools, and human resources are in place. Moreover, its cultural readiness level, which focuses on the acceptance of data-driven decision-making, scores between high and very high. At the same time, the information systems readiness level is in between medium and high, except in the telecommunication domain. However, the organizational readiness level is between medium and low, which shows that the organizations are not structured to enable the adaptation of data analytics and the business impacts of data analytics are not in place yet. These findings suggest that the industry should use the advantages of the current cultural, information systems, and resources readiness capabilities and concentrate efforts on exploring the business impacts of data analytics, ensuring the support from executive managers, and implementing data analytics protocols to improve organizational readiness. Moreover, the industry should consider structural changes in organizations, in addition to systematically initiating proper planning, timing, budgeting, and setting of clear key performance indicators/metrics in order to ameliorate the organizational readiness of data analytics.
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| 28. |
- Gürdür, Didem, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalizing Swedish Industry: What is Next? : Data Analytics Readiness Assessment of Swedish Industry According to Survey Results
-
Ingår i: Computers in industry (Print). - 0166-3615 .- 1872-6194.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitalizationrefers to enabling, improving, and transforming operations, functions, models, processes, or activities by leveraging digital technologies. Furthermore, digitalization is considered one of the most powerful drivers of innovation with the potential to trigger the next wave of innovation. Today, the importance of digitalization is well-understood in Swedish government agencies and industry. Although there are several initiatives working to actively drive change, one question is key: What is the next step? Data analytics is a promising way to turn information into outcomes, enhance decision-making, make data-driven discoveries, minimize risk, and unearth valuable insights that would otherwise remain hidden. This paper presents survey results on data analytics adoption and usage within Swedish industry, to highlight post-digitalization industry needs. To this end, a questionnaire was designed and distributed. Answers from more than 100 respondents from the manufacturing, technology, engineering, telecommunications, and automotive industries in Sweden were collected and analyzed.The assessment results show that Swedish industry has a high technological readiness score. This suggests that the necessary data, tools, and skills are in place. Moreover, its cultural readiness level, which focuses on the acceptance of data-driven decision-making, scores between high and very high. At the same time, the strategic readiness level is high, except in the telecommunication domain. However, the operational readiness level is between medium and low, which shows that the business impacts of data analytics are not in place. These findings suggest that the industry should use the advantages of the current cultural readiness and concentrate efforts on exploring the business impacts of data analytics, ensuring the support from executive managers, and implementing data analytics protocols to improve strategic and technological readiness. Moreover, proper planning, timing, budgeting, and setting of clear key performance indicators/metrics need to be considered systematically in order to ameliorate the operational readiness of data analytics.
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| 29. |
- Gürdür, Didem, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Visual Analytics for Cyber-physical Systems Development: Blending Design Thinking and Systems Thinking
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are integrations of computational and physical processes. They represent a new generation of systems that interact with humans and expand the capabilities of the physical world through computation, communication, and control. At the same time, actions and interventions associated with this complex systems can have highly unpredictable and unintended consequences. Furthermore, today’s practices of CPS design and implementation are not able to support the level of complexity required to detect these consequences. One methodology to approach this complex problem space is systems thinking (ST). Systems thinking emerges as both a worldview and a process in the sense that it informs one's understanding regarding a system and can be used as a problem-solving approach. Systems thinking is an abstraction-oriented analysis approach, specifically designed for heterogeneous complex systems.At the same time, another methodology, design thinking (DT), has enjoyed significantly increased visibility and importance over the last decade. Design thinking is a creative problem-solving approach, which puts human to the center and focuses first on the needs and experiences of the user.This paper aims to illustrate the possibility to use design thinking and systems thinking methodologies together to better deal with the complexity related problems during CPS design and implementation. The study proposes visual analytics as an integrative tool between these two methodologies, by (1) analyzing and understanding CPS development process through systems thinking, and (2) innovating and transforming the process through design thinking. To this end, an example use case is described and the application of the blended methodology explained step by step in relation to the use case. Visual analytics and data visualization are discussed in several steps and the possible benefits highlighted.
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| 30. |
- Gyllenhammar, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Defining Fundamental Vehicle Actions for the Development of Automated Driving Systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: SAE technical paper series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191. ; :April
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) show great potential to improve our transport systems. Safety validation, before market launch, is challenging due to the large number of miles required to gather enough evidence for a proven in use argumentation. Hence there is ongoing research to find more effective ways of verifying and validating the safety of ADSs. It is crucial both for the design as well as the validation to have a good understanding of the environment of the ADS. A natural way of characterizing the external conditions is by modelling and analysing data from real traffic. Towards this end, we present a framework with the primary ultimate objective to completely model and quantify the statistically relevant actions that other vehicles conduct on motorways. Two categories of fundamental actions are identified by recognising that a vehicle can only move longitudinally and laterally. The fundamental actions are defined in detail to create a set that is collectively exhaustive and mutually exclusive. All physically possible combinatorial actions that can be constructed from the fundamental actions are presented. To increase the granularity of the modelling the combinatorial actions are proposed to be analysed as sequences. Further, multi-vehicle interactions, which capture correlations between actions from multiple vehicles, are discussed. The resulting modularity of the framework allows for performing statistical analysis at an arbitrary granularity to support the design of a performant ADS as well as creating applicable validation scenarios. The use of the framework is demonstrated by automatically identifying fundamental actions in field data. Identified trajectories of two types of actions are visualised and the distributions for one parameter characterising each action type are estimated.
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| 31. |
- Gyllenhammar, Magnus, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Uncertainty Aware Data Driven Precautionary Safety for Automated Driving Systems Considering Perception Failures and Event Exposure
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Vehicle. - Aachen, Germany.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ensuring safety is arguably one of the largest remaining challenges before wide-spread market adoption of Automated Driving Systems (ADSs). One central aspect is how to provide evidence for the fulfilment of the safety claims and, in particular, how to produce a predictive and reliable safety case considering both the absence and the presence of faults in the system. In order to provide such evidence, there is a need for describing and modelling the different elements of the ADS and its operational context: models of event exposure, sensing and perception models, as well as actuation and closed-loop behaviour representations. This paper explores how estimates from such statistical models can impact the performance and operation of an ADS and, in particular, how such models can be continuously improved by incorporating more field data retrieved during the operation of (previous versions of) the ADS. Focusing on the safe driving velocity, this results in the ability to update the driving policy so to maximise the allowed safe velocity, for which the safety claim still holds. For illustration purposes, an example considering statistical models of the exposure to an adverse event, as well as failures related to the system's perception system, is analysed. Estimations from these models, using statistical confidence limits, are used to derive a safe driving policy of the ADS. The results highlight the importance of leveraging field data in order to improve the system's abilities and performance, while remaining safe. The proposed methodology, leveraging a data-driven approach, also shows how the system's safety can be monitored and maintained, while allowing for incremental expansion and improvements of the ADS.
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| 32. |
- Hansson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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SaveCCM - a component model for safety-critical real-time systems
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proc. 30th Euromicro Conference 2004. - : IEEE Press. - 0769521991 ; , s. 627-635
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Component-based development has proven effective in many engineering domains, and several general component technologies are available. Most of these are focused on providing an efficient software-engineering process. However for the majority of embedded systems, run-time efficiency and prediction of system behaviour are as important as process efficiency. This calls for specialized technologies. There is even a need for further specialized technologies adapted to different types of embedded systems, due to the heterogeneity of the domain and the close relation between the software and the often very application specific system.This paper presents the SaveCCM component model, intended for embedded control applications in vehicular systems. SaveCCM is a simple model in which flexibility is limited to facilitate analysis of real-time and dependability. We present and motivate the model, and provide examples of its use.
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| 33. |
- Hasseln, Herman, et al.
(författare)
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The future design scenario and the SEA initiative
- 2004
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Ingår i: IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall objective of the SEA Initiative is to develop a framework and aseamless process-flow for the design of complex embedded real-time systems inautomotive applications. Both framework and process -flow need to support the entireautomotive design chain from car manufacturers to subsystem providers, from IPproviders to semiconductor developers. These objectives address several key issues facedby the automotive industry, e.g. system complexity and efficiency:For the car manufacturer, where an increasing number of complex subsystems developedels ewhere have to be interfaced correctly and efficiently during system integration inpresence of increasing pressure for faster introduction of new models in the market place.For the subsystem suppliers, where the requirements on quality and costs become tighterwhile the features demanded become more complex, demanding designs withincreasingly larger software content and more performing hardware. For automotivesemiconductor and IP providers, who find it increasingly difficult to meet the reliabilityand performance requirements demanded by their customers while providing theirproducts so that they could be easily integrated and offer the performance required
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| 34. |
- Izosimov, V., et al.
(författare)
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Security Awareness in the Internet of Everything
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research Anthology on Advancements in Cybersecurity Education. - : IGI Global. ; , s. 1-30
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Our societal infrastructure is transforming into a connected cyber-physical system of systems, providing numerous opportunities and new capabilities, yet also posing new and reinforced risks that require explicit consideration. This chapter addresses risks specifically related to cyber-security. One contributing factor, often neglected, is the level of security education of the users. Another factor, often overlooked, concerns security-awareness of the engineers developing cyber-physical systems. Authors present results of interviews with developers and surveys showing that increase in security-awareness and understanding of security risks, evaluated as low, are the first steps to mitigate the risks. Authors also conducted practical evaluation investigating system connectivity and vulnerabilities in complex multi-step attack scenarios. This chapter advocates that security awareness of users and developers is the foundation to deployment of interconnected system of systems, and provides recommendations for steps forward highlighting the roles of people, organizations and authorities.
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| 35. |
- Jinzhi, Lu, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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A Domain-specific Modeling Approach Supporting Tool-chain Development with Bayesian Network Models
- 2019
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Ingår i: Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering. - : IOS Press. - 1069-2509 .- 1875-8835. ; 27:2, s. 153-171
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Constructing and evaluating a comprehensive tool-chain with commercial off-the-shelf and proprietary tools for the deployment of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is a challenging and complex task. Specifically, the lack of early assessment during tool-chain development has led to increased research and development costs when unexpected features are developed or poor decisions are made. In this paper, a domain-specific modeling (DSM) approach is proposed to support decision-makings during tool-chain design and to facilitate quantitative assessment of tool-chain features at early-phases. Using this approach, different views of tool-chains are first formalized under a DSM framework. Then the DSM models are transformed to Bayesian network models for supporting the quantitative assessment of related tools in order to analyze the whole tool-chains’ features. In the case study, the approach is verified by comparing two MBSE tool-chains for an auto-braking system design. The results indicate that the DSM approach enhances the understanding of tool-chain concepts, promotes the efficiency of MBSE tool-chain development, and verifies the tool-chain in early development phases using a quantitative approach.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Jinzhi, Lu, 1988-
(författare)
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A Framework for Cyber-physical System Tool-chain Development : A Service-oriented and Model-based Systems Engineering Approach
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of complex Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) requires tight interactions of projects, system components, stakeholders, data and models. These models and data support component design, which are implemented by various engineering tools used by stakeholders. Effective tool integration thus relies on development of tool-chains. Five common challenges have been identified as part of this work concerning the development of tool-chains to support Model-based System Engineering (MBSE) for complex CPS:Models from different domains are represented by different syntaxes and seemingly similar syntax may have completely distinct semantics. Moreover, such models and their views have completely different purposes. A unified formalism, therefore, does not exist to accommodate all system artifacts from all constituent models.Modeling tools are developed by different tool suppliers and hence the interoperability of these tools may be limited, because the interfaces may not be fully open.The interoperability limitation is especially prohibitive for co-simulations across multiple simulation tools.Tool-chains must support design automation of product development workflows as adopted by different business units.Users and developers of the MBSE tool-chain must have evaluation criteria to judge the effectiveness of different tool-chains and workflows.To alleviate these challenges, this thesis proposes a novel Model-based System Engineering (MBSE) framework, called SPIRIT, to support model and data integration and tool-chain development. The framework contributes to four main phases for CPS tool-chain development, namely concept, design, early evaluation and operation phases. For the concept phase, the framework exploits the systems thinking approach to develop novel concepts of MBSE tool-chains. For the design phase, the framework adopts a service-oriented approach to construct tool-chains from the perspectives of social networks, process, information-service-infrastructure, and technology. For the early evaluation phase, quantitative metrics are defined to measure, (i) the MBSE capabilities of tools within a tool-chain, and (ii) the interoperability of the tool-chain. For the operation phase, several MBSE tool-chain prototypes are developed to support product development. An advantage of the new framework is to support tool-chain development using systems thinking and considering integrations of several open standards, including: 1) a domain-specific modeling (DSM) approach based on the Graph-Object-Property-Point-Role-Relationship meta-meta model; 2) ontology design based on the Web Ontology Language; 3) co-simulation using the High-Level Architecture and the Functional Mock-up Interface; 4) model-driven process management using BPMN; 5) tool-integration based on Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration; and 6) value selections of design parameters based on an automated decision-making algorithm.The effectiveness of the novel MBSE framework is investigated and verified by three case studies. Three main contributions are concluded from this thesis:Benefits and challenges of MBSE tool-chains in industry are identified through a questionnaire survey and literature review. The results and the use of a systems thinking approach led to the development of a conceptual architectural model aiming to support MBSE tool-chain formalisms.The SPIRIT framework is defined to provide support for MBSE tool-chain development. The framework has the following properties: architecting by DSM, integrating tools and models via open standards, enabling automatic co-simulations, and supporting design automation.A DSM approach supporting visualization and Bayesian network analysis is presented to support MBSE tool-chain assessment. Quantitative metrics are defined to evaluate the effectiveness of MBSE tool-chains.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Jinzhi, Lu, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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A Service-Oriented Tool-Chain for Model-Based Systems Engineering of Aero-Engines
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 6, s. 50443-50458
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a service-oriented tool-chain with an emphasis on domain-specific views, simulation automation, and process management to support model-based system engineering of aero-engines. In the tool-chain, a domain-specific modeling approach is adopted to facilitate the descriptions of co-design workflows and the related development information. The relevant domain-specific models are the basis for automated creation of a Web-based process management system consolidating and controlling service-oriented technical resources (models, data, and tools). In particular, the system also provides support for automated orchestration of tool operations, model, and simulation configurations. In order to promote the model and tool interoperability, the tool-chain adopts open standards for integrations, including open services for lifecycle collaboration and functional mock-up interface. Finally, through a case study of simulation-based aero-engine performance analysis, we evaluate the flexibility and efficiency of this tool chain by comparing it with a traditional simulation process both qualitatively and quantitatively.
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| 40. |
- Jinzhi, Lu, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
A Tool Integration Language to Formalize Co-simulation Tool-chains for Cyber-physical System (CPS)
- 2017
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Co-simulation has grown from point-to-point between simulation tools for specific purposes to complex tool-chains which often require additional functionalities, e.g., process management, data management, and tool integration. With these additional functionalities, the related design activities could be controlled and implemented by uni- ed platforms to improve eciency and effectiveness. Due to increasing complexity and size of co-simulation tool-chains, a systematic approach is needed to formalize their evolution in order to analyze functionalities and evaluate their structures before development. In this paper, we extend a proposed domain specific language, - named Tool Integration Language (TIL) - to describe co-simulation tool-chain architectures on a high abstraction level aiming to promote the eciency and e effectiveness of co-simulation tool-chain development by the use of Model-based System Engineering (MBSE). We introduce how the extended TIL formalizes structures and present two industrial cases of co-simulation tool-chain from previous experiences and describe them using the TIL. Finally, we conclude this paper and introduce future work -a further extension of TIL supporting MBSE tool-chain development.
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| 41. |
- Jinzhi, Lu, et al.
(författare)
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Design Ontology in a Case Study for Co-simulation in a Model-based Systems Engineering Tool-chain
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE Systems journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1937-9234 .- 1932-8184 .- 2373-7816. ; 14:1, s. 1297-1308
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cosimulation is an important system-level verification approach aimed at integrating multidomain and multi-physics models during complex system development. Currently, the lack of integrating system development process with cosimulations leads to gaps between them, decreasing the effectiveness and efficiency of system development. Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) tool-chains have been proposed to facilitate the integration of complex system development and automated verification using a model-based approach. However, due to the lack of formal and structured specifications, development information sharing is difficult for supporting MBSE facilitating automated cosimulations. In order to formalize cosimulation in an MBSE tool-chain, a scenario-based ontology is developed in this paper, using formal web ontology language (OWL). Ontology refers to a specification expressing the cosimulation implementations as well as the development information represented in the models supporting the MBSE. It is illustrated by a case study of a cosimulation based on Simulink. Protocol and resource description framework (RDF) query language (SPARQL) and semantic query-enhanced web rule language queries are proposed for evaluating the ontology's completeness and logic for supporting cosimulations. The result demonstrates that the scenario-based ontology formalizes the information related to automated cosimulation development and configurations while using the proposed MBSE tool-chain.
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| 42. |
- Jinzhi, Lu, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
MBSE Applicability Analysis in Chinese Industry
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is an emerging technique widely used in current industry. It is a leading way expected to become a next-generation standard practice in the systems engineering. Fundamental tenets of systems engineering can be supported by a model-based approach to minimize design risks and avoid design changes in late development stages. The models can be used to formalize, analyze, design, optimize, verify and validate target products which help developers to integrate engineering development, organization and product across domains. Though model-based development is well established in specific domains, such as software, mechanical system, electric systems, its role in integrated development from system aspect is still a big challenge for current Chinese industry. In this paper, a survey from volunteers who related with MBSE is taken by questionnaires. The purpose of this survey is to highlight the usage and status of MBSE in current Chinese industry and address roughly the understandings of MBSE concepts among system developers in China based on the answers about usages, advantages, barriers, concerns, trends of MBSE, particularly the perspective of tool-chain development.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Jinzhi, Lu, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards A Service-oriented Framework for MBSE Tool-chain Development
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 2018 13th System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSE 2018. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538648766 ; , s. 568-575
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a SPIRIT framework supporting model-based systems engineering (MBSE) tool-chain development of advanced cyber-physical systems (CPS) with emphasis on tool integration, process management, automated verification and validation. The core features of the developed MBSE tool-chain include domain-specific modeling to describe CPS development, service-oriented deployment of technical resources (data, model and tool operations) and process management through IT platforms. The framework has two purposes: to support tool-chain development with a systems engineering approach; to promote interoperability of the whole developed tool-chain through a service-oriented approach. The framework covers social, process, information and technical aspects aiming to integrate various related MBSE techniques with tool-chain development. Based on the framework, an MBSE tool-chain prototype is developed, and the flexibility and interoperability are evaluated through a case study.
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| 45. |
- Johansson, Karl Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Vehicle Applications of Controller Area Network
- 2005
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Ingår i: HANDBOOK OF NETWORKED AND EMBEDDED CONTROL SYSTEMS. - Boston, MA : Springer. - 9780817632397 ; , s. 741-765
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial bus communications protocol developed by Bosch in the early 1980s. It defines a standard for efficient and reliable communication between sensor, actuator, controller, and other nodes in real-time applications. CAN is the de facto standard in a large variety of networked embedded control systems. The early CAN development was mainly supported by the vehicle industry: CAN is found in a variety of passenger cars, trucks, boats, spacecraft, and other types of vehicles. The protocol is also widely used today in industrial automation and other areas of networked embedded control, with applications in diverse products such as production machinery, medical equipment, building automation, weaving machines, and wheelchairs.The purpose of this chapter is to give an introduction to CAN and some of its vehicle applications. The outline is as follows. Section 2 describes the CAN protocol, including its message formats and error handling. The section is concluded by a brief history of CAN. Examples of vehicle application architectures based on CAN are given in Section 3. A few specific control loops closed over CAN buses are discussed in Section 4. The paper is concluded with some perspectives in Section 5, where current research issues such as x-by-wire and standardized software architectures are considered. The examples are described in more detail in [14]. A detailed description of CAN is given in the textbook [6]. Another good resource for further information is the homepage of the organization CAN-in-Automation (CiA) [3]. The use of CAN as a basis for distributed control systems is discussed in [13].
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| 46. |
- Johansson, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Functional Safety and Evolvable Architectures for Autonomy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Automated Driving. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319318936 ; , s. 547-560, s. 547-560
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The presented paper presents the ongoing Swedish national research project FUSE (FUnctional Safety and Evolvable architectures for autonomy). Some of the research questions addressed in this project are summarized. The research questions are related both to functional safety and the E/E architecture of vehicles aimed for higher degrees of automation, including fully autonomous ones.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Librino, Renato, et al.
(författare)
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3rd Workshop on Architecting Safety in Collaborative Mobile Systems (ASCoMS)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 1-2
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This volume contains the papers presented at ASCoMS 2014: the 3rd Workshop on Architecting Safety in Collaborative Mobile Systems held on September 8, 2014 in Firenze as part of SAFECOMP Conference 2014. As for the two previous years the workshop was held at SAFECOMP.
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| 49. |
- Lieu Tran, T. B., et al.
(författare)
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Trends in preparing cyber-physical systems engineers
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cyber-Physical Systems. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 2333-5785 .- 2333-5777. ; 5:2, s. 65-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demand for prepared Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) engineers is growing in the Industry 4.0 economy and universities should respond accordingly. This article identifies trends in preparing the CPSs workforce of the future by reviewing educational curricula and research on CPSs of universities around the world. The research finds three main approaches being deployed: 1) Offering universal CPSs foundational training for different industrial fields; 2) becoming more focus on CPSs training at the doctoral level and for a specific industrial field; and 3) CPSs training as an embedded or introduction course in engineering curricula. The research identifies a need for ‘educational renewal’ in the era of CPSs training. Reorganizing university structures for collaboration and innovation in CPSs training and research is essential. Preparing interdisciplinary CPSs doctoral-level graduates and engineers for specific industrial fields should become a central focus. Equipping CPSs engineers with skills, especially creativity and entrepreneurial competencies, should be a priority.
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| 50. |
- Lu, Jinzhi, et al.
(författare)
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Empirical-evolution of frameworks supporting co-simulation tool-chain development
- 2018
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Ingår i: 6th World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies, WorldCIST 2018. - Cham : Springer Verlag. - 9783319777023 ; , s. 813-828
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Co-simulation has been proposed as a method for facilitating integrated simulation of multi-domain models of Cyber-physical Systems (CPS). To ensure that co-simulations are well-managed, concerns beyond technical mechanisms for co-simulation also need to be addressed during tool-chain development. In this paper, an evolution of two frameworks supporting co-simulation tool-chain development is first introduced. Drawing upon the empirical findings from an initial framework SPIT developed based on model-driven techniques, we develop a service-oriented framework, SPIRIT based on model-driven and tool-integration techniques. Moreover, we propose a 3D viewpoint based method to formalize concept models of co-simulation tool-chains. In order to evaluate the evolution, we use visualizations of related concept models to compare tool-chains developed based on these two frameworks.
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