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| 11. |
- Sugita, S., et al.
(författare)
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The geomorphology, color, and thermal properties of Ryugu: Implications for parent-body processes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : AAAS. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asteroids fall to Earth in the form of meteorites, but these provide little information about their origins. The Japanese mission Hayabusa2 is designed to collect samples directly from the surface of an asteroid and return them to Earth for laboratory analysis. Three papers in this issue describe the Hayabusa2 team's study of the near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid 162173 Ryugu, at which the spacecraft arrived in June 2018 (see the Perspective by Wurm). Watanabeet al.measured the asteroid's mass, shape, and density, showing that it is a “rubble pile” of loose rocks, formed into a spinning-top shape during a prior period of rapid spin. They also identified suitable landing sites for sample collection. Kitazatoet al.used near-infrared spectroscopy to find ubiquitous hydrated minerals on the surface and compared Ryugu with known types of carbonaceous meteorite. Sugitaet al.describe Ryugu's geological features and surface colors and combined results from all three papers to constrain the asteroid's formation process. Ryugu probably formed by reaccumulation of rubble ejected by impact from a larger asteroid. These results provide necessary context to understand the samples collected by Hayabusa2, which are expected to arrive on Earth in December 2020.Science, this issue p.268, p.272, p.eaaw0422; see also p.230
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| 13. |
- Sakatani, N., et al.
(författare)
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Anomalously porous boulders on (162173) Ryugu as primordial materials from its parent body
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Astronomy. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3366. ; 5:8, s. 766-774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Planetesimals—the initial stage of the planetary formation process—are considered to be initially very porous aggregates of dusts1,2, and subsequent thermal and compaction processes reduce their porosity3. The Hayabusa2 spacecraft found that boulders on the surface of asteroid (162173) Ryugu have an average porosity of 30–50% (refs. 4,5,6), higher than meteorites but lower than cometary nuclei7, which are considered to be remnants of the original planetesimals8. Here, using high-resolution thermal and optical imaging of Ryugu’s surface, we discovered, on the floor of fresh small craters (<20 m in diameter), boulders with reflectance (~0.015) lower than the Ryugu average6 and porosity >70%, which is as high as in cometary bodies. The artificial crater formed by Hayabusa2’s impact experiment9 is similar to these craters in size but does not have such high-porosity boulders. Thus, we argue that the observed high porosity is intrinsic and not created by subsequent impact comminution and/or cracking. We propose that these boulders are the least processed material on Ryugu and represent remnants of porous planetesimals that did not undergo a high degree of heating and compaction3. Our multi-instrumental analysis suggests that fragments of the highly porous boulders are mixed within the surface regolith globally, implying that they might be captured within collected samples by touch-down operations10,11.
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- Sekiguchi, M, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated multiomics analysis of hepatoblastoma unravels its heterogeneity and provides novel druggable targets
- 2020
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Ingår i: NPJ precision oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-768X. ; 4:1, s. 20-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although hepatoblastoma is the most common pediatric liver cancer, its genetic heterogeneity and therapeutic targets are not well elucidated. Therefore, we conducted a multiomics analysis, including mutatome, DNA methylome, and transcriptome analyses, of 59 hepatoblastoma samples. Based on DNA methylation patterns, hepatoblastoma was classified into three clusters exhibiting remarkable correlation with clinical, histological, and genetic features. Cluster F was largely composed of cases with fetal histology and good outcomes, whereas clusters E1 and E2 corresponded primarily to embryonal/combined histology and poor outcomes. E1 and E2, albeit distinguishable by different patient age distributions, were genetically characterized by hypermethylation of the HNF4A/CEBPA-binding regions, fetal liver-like expression patterns, upregulation of the cell cycle pathway, and overexpression of NQO1 and ODC1. Inhibition of NQO1 and ODC1 in hepatoblastoma cells induced chemosensitization and growth suppression, respectively. Our results provide a comprehensive description of the molecular basis of hepatoblastoma and rational therapeutic strategies for high-risk cases.
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| 16. |
- Yamauchi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Plasma-neutral gas interactions in various space environments : Assessment beyond simplified approximations as a Voyage 2050 theme
- 2022
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Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer Nature. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the White Paper, submitted in response to the European Space Agency (ESA) Voyage 2050 Call, we present the importance of advancing our knowledge of plasma-neutral gas interactions, and of deepening our understanding of the partially ionized environments that are ubiquitous in the upper atmospheres of planets and moons, and elsewhere in space. In future space missions, the above task requires addressing the following fundamental questions: (A) How and by how much do plasma-neutral gas interactions influence the re-distribution of externally provided energy to the composing species? (B) How and by how much do plasma-neutral gas interactions contribute toward the growth of heavy complex molecules and biomolecules? Answering these questions is an absolute prerequisite for addressing the long-standing questions of atmospheric escape, the origin of biomolecules, and their role in the evolution of planets, moons, or comets, under the influence of energy sources in the form of electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation, because low-energy ion-neutral cross-sections in space cannot be reproduced quantitatively in laboratories for conditions of satisfying, particularly, (1) low-temperatures, (2) tenuous or strong gradients or layered media, and (3) in low-gravity plasma. Measurements with a minimum core instrument package (< 15 kg) can be used to perform such investigations in many different conditions and should be included in all deep-space missions. These investigations, if specific ranges of background parameters are considered, can also be pursued for Earth, Mars, and Venus.
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- Nannya, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Postazacitidine clone size predicts long-term outcome of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and related myeloid neoplasms
- 2023
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Ingår i: Blood advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9537 .- 2473-9529. ; 7:14, s. 3624-3636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Azacitidine is a mainstay of therapy for MDS-related diseases. The purpose of our study is to elucidate the effect of gene mutations on hematological response and overall survival (OS), particularly focusing on their post-treatment clone size. We enrolled a total of 449 patients with MDS or related myeloid neoplasms. They were analyzed for gene mutations in pre- (n=449) and post- (n=289) treatment bone marrow samples using targeted-capture sequencing to assess the impact of gene mutations and their post-treatment clone size on treatment outcomes. In Cox proportional hazard modeling, multi-hit TP53 mutation (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.42-2.91; P<.001), EZH2 mutation (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.14-2.54; P=.009), and DDX41 mutations (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17-0.62; P<.001), together with age, high-risk karyotypes, low platelet, and high blast counts, independently predicted OS. Post-treatment clone size accounting for all drivers significantly correlated with International Working Group (IWG)-response (P<.001, trend test), except for that of DDX41-mutated clones, which did not predict IWG-response. Combined, IWG-response and post-treatment clone size further improved the prediction of the original model and even that of a recently proposed molecular prediction model, IPSS-M (c-index, 0.653 vs 0.688; P<.001, likelihood ratio test). In conclusion, evaluation of post-treatment clone size, together with pre-treatment mutational profile as well as IWG-response have a role in better prognostication of azacitidine-treated myelodysplasia patients.
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| 22. |
- Maeyama, T., et al.
(författare)
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Production of a fluorescence probe in ion-beam radiolysis of aqueous coumarin-3-carboxylic acid solution-2: Effects of nuclear fragmentation and its simulation with PHITS
- 2011
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Ingår i: Radiation Physics and Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0895 .- 0969-806X. ; 80:12, s. 1352-1357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The G(OH) values in aqueous coumarin-3-carboxylic-acid (3-CCA) solutions irradiated with (12)C(6+) beams having the energies of 135, 290 and 400 MeV/u were measured by a fluorescent method around the Bragg peak, with 0.6 mm intervals, and quartz cells of 1 cm optical lengths, at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). For each ion, the G(OH) has been calculated as a function of dose average LET and position. The calculated results have been compared to measurements, and the results, reproducibility and reliability of the calculations are discussed in the paper.
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| 24. |
- Ogawa, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between auroral substorm and ion upflow in the nightside polar ionosphere
- 2013
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Ingår i: J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE. - 2169-9380. ; 118:11, s. 7426-7437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated ionospheric ion upflow during an auroral substorm using simultaneous European Incoherent Scatter radar and IMAGE satellite data. Approximately 6 min after an initial brightening identified with data from the IMAGE wideband imaging camera instrument, ion upflow was seen and the electron temperature became enhanced, too. The ion upflow, with a velocity of about 150 m/s, and the electron temperature enhancement lasted for about 25 min. During the poleward expansion phase, surges of large upward ion velocity and flux, and high ion and electron temperatures occurred over Longyearbyen. The upward ion flux reached 2x10(14) m(-2)s(-1). Naturally enhanced ion-acoustic lines (NEIALs) were seen near the poleward edge of the expanded auroral oval both near the end of expansion phase 17 min after onset and also later in the recovery phase. The NEIALs seemed to be accompanied by another type of enhanced echoes, obliquely to the local geomagnetic field. Data from the Low Energy Neutral Atom instrument on the IMAGE satellite show that energetic neutral oxygen reaches the IMAGE satellite about 40 min after the initial brightening, and oxygen continues to get detected during the recovery phase. We propose that ion upflow at the poleward edge of the auroral oval during the expansion phase is related to ion/neutral outflow with energy below 18-27 eV, whereas during the recovery phase of a substorm upward ions are accelerated up to about 60 eV and flow out in the entire polar region.
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- Taguchi, Akira, et al.
(författare)
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Visual assessment of non-eroded thin cortex on panoramic radiographs in identifying women with osteoporosis : Osteoporosis Screening Project in Dentistry (OSPD)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Programme and abstract book. ; , s. 65-65
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction The presence of an eroded or thinned cortex of the mandible on panoramic radiographs may be useful in identifying women with osteoporosis. However, little is known as to whether a non-eroded thin cortex predicts osteoporosis. Objective To clarify whether visual assessment of non-eroded thin cortex increases the diagnostic efficacy of identifying women with osteoporosis. Materials and methods Of 60 observers who participated in OSPD (Taguchi et al., Bone, 2008), 41 observers visually assessed non-eroded thin cortex in addition to Klemetti’s index (KI) for 100 panoramic radiographs on the OSPD website via the Internet twice with approximately a two-week interval. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUROC) in identifying women with osteoporosis by both KI and non-eroded thin cortex was calculated on two occasions; non-eroded thin cortex was included in “class 1 of KI (decreased probability of osteoporosis)” or “class 3 of KI (increased probability of osteoporosis)”. Mean AUROC was compared between these two occasions with paired ttest. Results In the first series of observations, the mean AUROC significantly increased when noneroded thin cortex was considered as a sign of increased probability of osteoporosis (mean +/- SD, 0.68 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.70 +/- 0.07, P=0.011). In the second set of observations, the result was unchanged (0.68 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.71 +/- 0.08, P<0.001). Conclusions and discussion Visual identification of a non-eroded thin cortex on panoramic radiographs may increase the diagnostic efficacy of identifying women with osteoporosis.
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| 27. |
- Abbeloos, W., et al.
(författare)
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Detecting and Grouping Identical Objects for Region Proposal and Classification
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781538607336 ; , s. 501-502
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Often multiple instances of an object occur in the same scene, for example in a warehouse. Unsupervised multi-instance object discovery algorithms are able to detect and identify such objects. We use such an algorithm to provide object proposals to a convolutional neural network (CNN) based classifier. This results in fewer regions to evaluate, compared to traditional region proposal algorithms. Additionally, it enables using the joint probability of multiple instances of an object, resulting in improved classification accuracy. The proposed technique can also split a single class into multiple sub-classes corresponding to the different object types, enabling hierarchical classification.
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| 28. |
- DeLuca, S., et al.
(författare)
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Amelioration of the premature ageing-like features of Fgf-23 knockout mice by genetically restoring the systemic actions of FGF-23
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3417 .- 1096-9896. ; 216:3, s. 345-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic ablation of fibroblast growth factor 23 from mice (Fgf-23−/−) results in a short lifespan with numerous abnormal biochemical and morphological features. Such features include kyphosis, hypogonadism and associated infertility, osteopenia, pulmonary emphysema, severe vascular and soft tissue calcifications, and generalized atrophy of various tissues. To determine whether these widespread anomalies in Fgf-23−/− mice can be ameliorated by genetically restoring the systemic actions of FGF-23, we generated Fgf-23−/− mice expressing the human FGF-23 transgene in osteoblasts under the control of the 2.3 kb α1(I) collagen promoter (Fgf-23−/−/hFGF-23-Tg double mutants). This novel mouse model is completely void of all endogenous Fgf-23 activity, but produces human FGF-23 in bone cells that is subsequently released into the circulation. Our results suggest that lack of Fgf-23 activities results in extensive premature ageing-like features and early mortality of Fgf-23−/− mice, while restoring the systemic effects of FGF-23 significantly ameliorates these phenotypes, with the resultant effect being improved growth, restored fertility, and significantly prolonged survival of double mutants. With regard to their serum biochemistry, double mutants reversed the severe hyperphosphataemia, hypercalcaemia, and hypervitaminosis D found in Fgf-23−/− littermates; rather, double mutants show hypophosphataemia and normal serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels similar to pure FGF-23 Tg mice. These changes were associated with reduced renal expression of NaPi2a and 1α-hydroxylase, compared to Fgf-23−/− mice. FGF-23 acts to prevent widespread abnormal features by acting systemically to regulate phosphate homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism. This novel mouse model provides us with an in vivo tool to study the systemic effects of FGF-23 in regulating mineral ion metabolism and preventing multiple abnormal phenotypes without the interference of native Fgf-23.
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| 29. |
- Kitamura, Yasunori, et al.
(författare)
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Calculation of the stochastic pulsed Rossi-alpha formula and its experimental verification
- 2006
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Ingår i: Progress in Nuclear Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0149-1970. ; 48:1, s. 37-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Rossi-alpha formula for subcritical systems driven by a pulsed neutron source was derived with a solution technique that can effectively take different shape functions of the pulsed neutron source into account. The result of derivation showed that the present formula consists of the correlated and uncorrelated terms and an oscillating term whose period was identical to that of the pulsed neutron source.To investigate the validity of the pulsed Rossi-alpha formula and its applicability for the evaluation of the prompt neutron decay constant alpha from measurements, an experiment was performed at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly with a pulsed D-T neutron source. Although it seemed that fitting the present formula to the experimental curves was not practical because of an infinite-series expansion structure of the oscillating term, it was possible to extract only the correlated term, that explicitly includes the alpha value, by a simple data handling procedure. It was found that the measured alpha values agreed with those obtained by the pulsed neutron source method very well. This finding means that the pulsed Rossi-alpha method will be an attractive candidate for the monitoring method of the subcritical reactivity of future accelerator driven systems.
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| 31. |
- Nakamoto, T, et al.
(författare)
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Dental panoramic radiograph as a tool to detect postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density : untrained general dental practitioners’ diagnostic performance
- 2003
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 14:8, s. 659-664
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The detection of postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density (BMD) is an important strategy to reduce the incidence of osteoporotic fracture. Recent studies suggested that incidental findings on dental panoramic radiographs may be used as a tool to detect women with low BMD. However, little is known whether this finding is sufficiently assessed by untrained general dental practitioners (GDPs). The purpose of this study was to investigate: (1) the observer agreement and (2) the diagnostic efficacy in detecting women with low BMD, when untrained GDPs assess the appearance (normal or eroded) of the mandibular inferior cortex on dental panoramic radiographs of postmenopausal women. Twenty-seven GDPs were asked to classify the appearance of the mandibular inferior cortex on dental panoramic radiographs of 100 postmenopausal women who had completed BMD assessments of the lumbar spine and of the femoral neck. Intra- and inter-observer agreements were analyzed with kappa statistics. The diagnostic efficacy (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) was analyzed by comparing two groups classified by the mandibular inferior cortex (women with normal and women with eroded mandibular inferior cortex) with those classified by BMD (women with normal BMD and women with osteopenia or osteoporosis). The mean sensitivity and specificity were 77 % and 40 %, respectively, when BMD of the lumbar spine was used as standard and 75 % and 39 %, respectively, when BMD of the femoral neck comprised the standard. Nineteen untrained GDPs (70 %) presented a moderate to almost perfect intra-observer agreement. We conclude that dental panoramic radiograph may be used in clinical dental practice to identify postmenopausal women who have undetected low BMD and should undergo further testing with bone densitometry.
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