| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Drake, TM, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.MethodsA multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsOf 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.ConclusionThe odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham R., et al.
(författare)
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Cardenolides : Insights from chemical structure and pharmacological utility
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pharmacological Research. - : Academic Press. - 1043-6618 .- 1096-1186. ; 141, s. 123-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are a class of naturally occurring steroid-like compounds, and members of this class have been in clinical use for more than 1500 years. They have been used in folk medicine as arrow poisons, abortifacients, heart tonics, emetics, and diuretics as well as in other applications. The major use of CGs today is based on their ability to inhibit the membrane-bound Na + /K + -ATPase enzyme, and they are regarded as an effective treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF), cardiac arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, increasing evidence has indicated the potential cytotoxic effects of CGs against various types of cancer. In this review, we highlight some of the structural features of this class of natural products that are crucial for their efficacy, some methods of isolating these compounds from natural resources, and the structural elucidation tools that have been used. We also describe their physicochemical properties and several modern biotechnological approaches for preparing CGs that do not require plant sources.
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| 12. |
- El-Seedi, H. R., et al.
(författare)
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Hydroxycinnamic Acids : Natural Sources, Biosynthesis, Possible Biological Activities, and Roles in Islamic Medicine
- 2017
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Ingår i: Studies in Natural Products Chemistry. - : Elsevier B.V.. ; , s. 1-29
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydroxycinnamic acids are the most widely distributed phenolic acids in plants. Broadly speaking, they can be defined as compounds derived from cinnamic acid. They are present at high concentrations in many food products, including fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, and wine. Cinnamic acid has received great attention in oriental research where it has been used as an antioxidant in food additives in Asia and especially in medical studies in China after being proven to be an effective component of medicinal herbs used by traditional medicine. Cinnamic acid is a phenolic acid widely distributed in the plant kingdom. It presents a wide range of potential therapeutic effects useful in the treatments of cancer, diabetes, lung, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as hepatic, neuro-, and photoprotective effects and antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activities. Overall, the pharmaceutical potential of cinnamic acid can be attributed to its ability to scavenge free radicals. However, recent studies have revealed that cinnamic acid presents pharmacological properties beyond those related to its antioxidant activity, such as the ability to competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase and activate glucokinase, contributing to reduce hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia, respectively. A diet rich in hydroxycinnamic acids is thought to be associated with beneficial health effects such as a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The impact of hydroxycinnamic acids on health depends on their intake and pharmacokinetic properties. It can be found free, dimerized or esterified with proteins and polysaccharides in the cell wall, such as arabinoxylans in grasses and xyloglucans in bamboo. Cinnamic acid is an important biological and structural component of the plant cell wall. Due to its ability to stop radical chain reactions by resonance followed by polymerization, cinnamic acid offers protection against UV radiation and is responsible for cross-linking polysaccharides and other cell wall polymers. Cinnamic acid can be absorbed by the small intestine and excreted in the urine, where therapeutic efficacy is dependent on its physiological concentrations and pharmacokinetic properties, which include absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of metabolites. Mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, especially 2D NMR (COSY, NOESY, HMQC, and HMBC), are the most useful analytical techniques for the structural elucidation of hydroxycinnamic acids besides UV, IR, CD, X-ray analysis, and chemical degradation. In this chapter, we update the reader about the therapeutic properties of cinnamic acid, reviewing its dietary sources, the pharmacokinetic profile, antioxidant action mechanisms, and therapeutic effects in the treatment and prevention of various diseases, in order to provide a basis for understanding its pharmaceutical potential.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Wolmer-Solberg, N., et al.
(författare)
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Frequent detection of human cytomegalovirus in neuroblastoma: A novel therapeutic target?
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 133:10, s. 2351-2361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroblastoma is the most common and deadly tumor of childhood, where new therapy options for patients with high-risk disease are highly warranted. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is prevalent in the human population and has recently been implicated in different cancer forms where it may provide mechanisms for oncogenic transformation, oncomodulation and tumor cell immune evasion. Here we show that the majority of primary neuroblastomas and neuroblastoma cell lines are infected with HCMV. Our analysis show that HCMV immediate-early protein was expressed in 100% of 36 primary neuroblastoma samples, and HCMV late protein was expressed in 92%. However, no infectious virus was detected in primary neuroblastoma tissue extracts. Remarkably, all six human neuroblastoma cell lines investigated contained CMV DNA and expressed HCMV proteins. HCMV proteins were expressed in neuroblastoma cells expressing the proposed stem cell markers CD133 and CD44. When engrafted into NMRI nu/nu mice, human neuroblastoma cells expressed HCMV DNA, RNA and proteins but did not produce infectious virus. The HCMV-specific antiviral drug valganciclovir significantly reduced viral protein expression and cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that HCMV is important for the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma and that anti-viral therapy may be a novel adjuvant treatment option for children with neuroblastoma. What's new? Relapse and invasiveness of neuroblastoma, a frequently fatal cancer of early childhood, may be linked to the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), one of the most common congenital viral infections known. In this study, HCMV was observed in primary neuroblastoma tumors and in six neuroblastoma cell lines. Although no infectious virus was isolated from tumors, the HCMV-specific drug valganciclovir significantly reduced viral protein expression and tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest that HCMV may be important in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma and that antiviral therapy may represent a possible future treatment option for affected children. We have shown that all examined primary neuroblastoma tumors and six neuroblastoma cell lines were infected with HCMV, but no infectious virus was isolated from tumors. The HCMV-specific drug Valganciclovir significantly reduced viral protein expression and tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Thus, HCMV may be important in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma and anti-viral therapy may provide a novel treatment option for children with neuroblastoma.
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| 16. |
- El-Awady, Raafat A, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetics and miRNA as predictive markers and targets for lung cancer chemotherapy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cancer Biology & Therapy. - Philadelphia, PA, United States : Taylor & Francis. - 1538-4047 .- 1555-8576. ; 16:7, s. 1056-1070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lung cancer cells show inherent and acquired resistance to chemotherapy. The lack of good predictive markers/novel targets and the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of resistance limit the success of lung cancer response to chemotherapy. In the present study, we used an isogenic pair of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines; A549 (wild-type) and A549DOX11 (doxorubicin resistant) to study the role of epigenetics and miRNA in resistance/response of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to doxorubicin. Our results demonstrate differential expression of epigenetic markers whereby the level of HDACs 1, 2, 3 and4, DNA methyltransferase, acetylated H2B and acetylated H3 were lower in A549DOX11 compared to A549 cells. Fourteen miRNAs were dys-regulated in A549DOX11 cells compared to A549 cells, of these 14 miRNAs, 4 (has-mir-1973, 494, 4286 and 29b-3p) have shown 2.99 – 4.44 fold increase in their expression. This was associated with reduced apoptosis and higher resistance of A549DOX11cells to doxorubicin and etoposide. Sequential treatment with the epigenetic modifiers trichostatin A or 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine followed by doxorubicin resulted in: (i) enhanced sensitivity of both cell lines to doxorubicin especially at low concentrations, (ii) enhanced doxorubicin-induced DNA damage in both cell lines, (iii) dysregulation of some miRNAs in A549 cells. In conclusion, A549DOX11 cells resistant to DNA damaging drugs have epigenetic profile and miRNA expression different from the sensitive cells. Moreover, epigenetic modifiers may reverse the resistance of certain NSCLC cells to DNA damaging agents by enhancing induction of DNA damage. This may open the door for using epigenetic profile/miRNA expression of some cancer cells as resistance markers/targets to improve response of resistant cells to doxorubicin and for the use of combination doxorubicin/epigenetic modifiers to reduce doxorubicin toxicity.
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| 17. |
- El Serafi, Ibrahim Taher, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of interleukin-6 and insulin resistance on early virological response of Egyptian chronic hepatitis C patients to combined pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Egyptian Liver Journal. - Heidelberg, Germany : Wolters Kluwer. - 2090-6218. ; 3:2, s. 21-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim: Response to hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific therapy is variable but might be influenced by host factors. We studied whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) level, IL-6–174G>C gene polymorphism, and insulin resistance affect the response to antiviral treatment in HCV-infected patients.Patients and methods: Fifty-five chronic hepatitis C patients and 13 healthy individuals as controls were included in this study. Liver function tests, HCV RNA titer, ultrasonography, and histopathological examination of liver tissues were performed for all patients. Pretreatment plasma IL-6 levels and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance were estimated. The IL-6–174G>C polymorphism was detected by the PCR/RFLP method. After 12 weeks of combined pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin therapy, patients were classified into responders or nonresponders according to whether they achieved an early virological response.Results: The responders had significantly high IL-6 levels (P=0.01), low mean stage of fibrosis (P=0.03), and low viral load (P=0.04) compared with nonresponders. Although not significant, patients with the IL-6–174 CC genotype reported a higher response rate (81%) compared with those with the CG genotype (50%) and GG genotype (62%). IL-6 level at a cutoff point of 2.15 pg/ml had 81.1% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity and showed significant relation with early virological response (P=0.04).Conclusion: Estimation of basal IL-6 level could be used as a predictor of response to pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin therapy in CHC patients.
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| 18. |
- Kryshtal, O., et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure and phase composition of the Ag-Al film wear track : Through-thickness characterization by advanced electron microscopy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. - : POLSKA AKAD NAUK, POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, INST METALL & MATER SCI PAS. - 1733-3490 .- 2300-1909. ; 64:1, s. 251-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analytical transmission electron microscopy has been applied to characterize the microstructure, phase and chemical composition of the Ag-Al wear track throughout its thickness down to the atomic level. Microscopy findings have been correlated with Ag-Al film tribological properties to understand the effect of the hexagonal solid solution phase on the tribological properties of this film. Ag-25Al (at.%) films have been produced by simultaneous magnetron sputtering of components in Ar atmosphere under 1 mTorr pressure and subjected to pin-on-disc tribological tests. It has been shown that hcp phase with (001) planes aligned parallel to the film surface dominates both in as-deposited and in tribofilm areas of the Ag-Al alloy film. Possible mechanisms of reduced friction in easily oxidized Ag-Al system are discussed and the mechanism based on readily shearing basal planes of the hcp phase is considered as the most probable one.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Sayed, Abdelwahed R., et al.
(författare)
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One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Thiazoles as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents
- 2020
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Ingår i: Drug Design, Development and Therapy. - 1177-8881. ; 14, s. 1363-1375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Thiazole and thiosemicarbazone derivatives are known to have potential anticancer activity with a mechanism of action related to inhibition of matrix metallo-proteinases, kinases and anti-apoptotic BCL2 family proteins.Materials and Methods: A novel three series of 5-(1-(2-(thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)ethyl) thiazole derivatives were prepared in a one-pot three-component reaction using 2-(2-benzylidene hydrazinyl)-4-methylthiazole as a starting precursor. MS, IR, H-1-NMR and C-13-NMR were used to elucidate the structures of the synthesized compounds. Most of the synthesized products were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer screening against HCT-116, HT-29 and HepG2 using the MTT colorimetric assay.Results: The results indicated that compounds 4c, 4d and 8c showed growth inhibition activity against HCT-116 with IC50 values of 3.80 +/- 0.80, 3.65 +/- 0.90 and 3.16 +/- 0.90 mu M, respectively, compared to harmine (IC50 = 2.40 +/- 0.12 mu M) and cisplatin (IC50 = 5.18 +/- 0.94 mu M) reference drugs. Also, compounds 8c, 4d and 4c showed promising IC(50 )values of 3.47 +/- 0.79, 4.13 +/- 0.51 and 7.24 +/- 0.62 mu M, respectively, against the more resistant human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell line compared with harmine (IC50 = 4.59 +/- 0.67 mu M) and cisplatin (IC50 = 11.68 +/- 1.54 mu M). On the other hand, compounds 4d, 4c, 8c and llc were the most active (IC50 values of 2.31 +/- 0.43, 2.94 +/- 0.62, 4.57 +/- 0.85 and 9.86 +/- 0.78 mu M, respectively) against the hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line compared with harmine (IC50 = 2.54 +/- 0.82 mu M) and cisplatin (IC50 = 41 +/- 0.63 pM). The study also suggested that the mechanism of the anticancer action exerted by the most active compounds (4c, 4d and 8c) inside HCT-116 cells was apoptosis through the Bcl-2 family.Conclusion: Thiazole scaffolds 4c, 4d and 8c showed anticancer activities in the micromolar range and are appropriate as a candidate for cancer treatment.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Yaiw, KC, et al.
(författare)
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Human Cytomegalovirus Reduces Endothelin-1 Expression in Both Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2607. ; 9:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, is overexpressed and strongly associated with many vasculopathies. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether HCMV could affect ET-1 production. As such, both endothelial and smooth muscle cells, two primary cell types involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, were infected with HCMV in vitro and ET-1 mRNA and proteins were assessed by quantitative PCR assay, immunofluorescence staining and ELISA. HCMV infection significantly decreased ET-1 mRNA and secreted bioactive ET-1 levels from both cell types and promoted accumulation of the ET-1 precursor protein in infected endothelial cells. This was associated with inhibition of expression of the endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), which cleaves the ET-1 precursor protein to mature ET-1. Ganciclovir treatment did not prevent the virus suppressive effects on ET-1 expression. Consistent with this observation we identified that the IE2-p86 protein predominantly modulated ET-1 expression. Whether the pronounced effects of HCMV in reducing ET-1 expression in vitro may lead to consequences for regulation of the vascular tone in vivo remains to be proven.
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| 25. |
- Alghfeli, Latifa, et al.
(författare)
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Non-additive effect of the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-Aza-dC, and glass as a culture surface on osteogenic differentiation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2405-8440. ; 8:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical need for bone regenerative solutions is expanding with increasing life expectancy and escalating incidence of accidents. Several strategies are being investigated to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. We previously reported two different approaches for this purpose, in monolayer and three-dimensional cell culture. The first approach was based on pretreating cells with 5-Aza-dC, a DNA methylation inhibitor, before the applying the differentiation media. The second approach was based on culturing cells on a glass surface during differentiation. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of combining both methods. Our results sug-gested that both approaches were associated with decreasing global DNA methylation levels. Cells cultured as a monolayer on glass surface showed enhancement in alkaline phosphatase activity at day 10, while 5-Aza-dC pretreatment enhanced the activity at day 5, irrespective of the culture surface. In three-dimensional pellet cul-ture, 5-Aza-dC pretreatment enhanced osteogenesis through Runx-2 and TGF-beta 1 upregulation while the glass surface induced Osterix.Furthermore, pellets cultured on glass showed upregulation of a group of miRNAs, including pro-osteogenesis miR-20a and miR-148b and anti-osteogenesis miR-125b, miR-31, miR-138, and miR-133a. Interestingly, 5-Aza-dC was not associated with a change of miRNAs in cells cultured on tissue culture plastic but reverted the upregulated miRNAs on the glass to the basal level. This study confirms the two approaches for enhancing osteogenic differentiation and contradicts their combination.
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| 26. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham R., et al.
(författare)
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Chemical Composition and Repellency of Essential Oils From Four Medicinal Plants Against Ixodes ricinus Nymphs : (Acari Ixodidae)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of medical entomology. - 0022-2585 .- 1938-2928. ; 49:5, s. 1067-1075
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In our search for effective tick repellents from plant origin, we investigated the effect of essential oils of four medicinal and culinary plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae on nymphs of the tick Ixodes ricinus (L.). The essential oils of the dry leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) (L.), Mentha spicata (Spearmint) (L.), Origanum majorana (Majoram) (L.), and Ocimum basilicum (Basil) (L.) were isolated by steam distillation and 15 mu g/cm(2) concentration of oils was tested against ticks in a laboratory bioassay. The oils of R. officinalis, M. spicata, and O. majorana showed strong repellency against the ticks 100, 93.2, and 84.3%, respectively, whereas O. basilicum only showed 64.5% repellency. When tested in the field, the oils of R. officinalis and M. spicata showed 68.3 and 59.4% repellency at a concentration of 6.5 mu g/cm(2) on the test cloths. The oils were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and the major compounds from the most repellent oils were 1,8-cineole, camphor, linalool, 4-terpineol, borneol, and carvone.
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| 27. |
- El-Taher, A., et al.
(författare)
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Noise characterization and transmission evaluation of unrepeated Raman amplified DP-16QAM link
- 2015
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Ingår i: Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OFC 2015. - Washington, D.C. : The Optical Society. - 9781557529374
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impairments characterization and performance evaluation of Raman amplified unrepeated DP-16QAM transmissions are conducted. Experimental results indicate that small gain in forward direction enhance the system signal-to-noise ratio for longer reach without introducing noticeable penalty.
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| 28. |
- Engert, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The European Hematology Association Roadmap for European Hematology Research : a consensus document
- 2016
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - Pavia, Italy : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 101:2, s. 115-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Hematology Association (EHA) Roadmap for European Hematology Research highlights major achievements in diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders and identifies the greatest unmet clinical and scientific needs in those areas to enable better funded, more focused European hematology research. Initiated by the EHA, around 300 experts contributed to the consensus document, which will help European policy makers, research funders, research organizations, researchers, and patient groups make better informed decisions on hematology research. It also aims to raise public awareness of the burden of blood disorders on European society, which purely in economic terms is estimated at (sic)23 billion per year, a level of cost that is not matched in current European hematology research funding. In recent decades, hematology research has improved our fundamental understanding of the biology of blood disorders, and has improved diagnostics and treatments, sometimes in revolutionary ways. This progress highlights the potential of focused basic research programs such as this EHA Roadmap. The EHA Roadmap identifies nine 'sections' in hematology: normal hematopoiesis, malignant lymphoid and myeloid diseases, anemias and related diseases, platelet disorders, blood coagulation and hemostatic disorders, transfusion medicine, infections in hematology, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These sections span 60 smaller groups of diseases or disorders. The EHA Roadmap identifies priorities and needs across the field of hematology, including those to develop targeted therapies based on genomic profiling and chemical biology, to eradicate minimal residual malignant disease, and to develop cellular immunotherapies, combination treatments, gene therapies, hematopoietic stem cell treatments, and treatments that are better tolerated by elderly patients.
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| 29. |
- Filippov, A., et al.
(författare)
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NMR self-diffusion study of a phosphonium bis(mandelato)borate ionic liquid
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 15:23, s. 9281-9287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Newly synthesised halogen-free boron based ionic liquids (hf-BILs) composed of chelated orthoborate anions and phosphonium cations have hydrolytic stability, low melting point and outstanding wear and friction reducing properties. We report here the peculiarities of self-diffusion in one representative from this class, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(mandelato)borate, [P6,6,6,14][BMB], in the temperature range of its practical interest, 20-100 °C. NMR techniques demonstrated complicated diffusional behaviour-the ionic liquid can exist in one or two liquid "phases". In the low-temperature range (20-50 °C), two phases coexist where the cations, [P6,6,6,14], are contained mainly in the phase with slower diffusion coefficients while the anions, [BMB], are in the phase with faster diffusion coefficients. Cations have lower diffusion coefficients with a factor of 20 as compared with the anions, an effect which is caused by aggregation of cations into domains due to so-called "hydrophobic interaction" of their hydrocarbon chains. As the temperature rises above 60 °C, the two phases merge into one where both ions have equal diffusion coefficients. This is caused by thermal motion making the cation domains smaller in size and more easily interacting with anions. As a result, anions and cations diffuse in this high-temperature range as a pair.
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| 30. |
- Guimei, Maha, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of Yes-Associated Protein-1 (YAP1) Enhances the Response of Invasive Breast Cancer Cells to the Standard Therapy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1179-1314. ; 12, s. 189-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The deregulation of the Hippo pathway results in translocation ofYes-associated protein-1 (YAP1) to the nucleus to exert an oncogenic effect. This effect has been demonstrated in several malignancies, yet, in breast cancer (BC), it remains controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the significance of YAP1 expression in BC, its relation to cancer stem cells (CSCs), and the effect of its inhibition on tumor cell survival. Patients and Methods: We evaluated the expression of YAP1 protein and gene using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-qPCR in FFPE tissue from normal and breast cancer cases. We also studied its association with CSC expression (OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2) and with different clinicopathologic characteristics. Two BC cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB -231) were exposed to different concentrations of YAP1 inhibitor "verteporfin" and cell viability was subsequently assessed. Results: YAP1 mRNA was higher in BC compared to the normal breast tissue (p-value=0.040) and was higher in luminal tumors compared to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (p-value= 0.017). Its expression in tumors was significantly associated with the expression of pluripotency markers (OCT4 and NANOG) (p-value= 0.030 and 0.035, respectively) and its inhibition resulted in a significant reduction of CSC expression in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. YAP1 nuclear expression by IHC, which signifies its activation, was more evident in invasive carcinomas compared to normal breast tissue and in-situ foci where the expression was limited to the cytoplasm. The pretreatment of BC cells (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) with YAP1 inhibitor "verteporfin" resulted in their sensitization to the effect of tamoxifen and doxorubicin, respectively, and significantly decreased tumor cell proliferation and survival. Conclusion: Our results imply that YAP1 is highly expressed and activated in BC and its inhibition could represent a possible novel therapeutic strategy that should be further explored and investigated to improve the outcome of breast cancer patients.
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| 31. |
- Hussein, Mohammad H., et al.
(författare)
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Beta 2 -adrenergic receptor gene haplotypes and bronchodilator response in Egyptian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advances in Medical Sciences. - Warsaw, Poland : Elsevier. - 1896-1126 .- 1898-4002. ; 62:1, s. 193-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multi-factorial disorder caused by environmental determinants and genetic risk factors. Understanding the genetic predisposition of COPD is essential to develop personalized treatment regimens. Beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene polymorphisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obstructive pulmonary diseases. This study was conducted to assess the genetic association between Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms and COPD in the Egyptian patients, and to analyze their impact on the clinical outcome and therapeutic response.Patients/methods: The study population included 115 participants (61 COPD patients and 54 healthy controls) were genotyped for the Arg16Gly (rs1042713) and Gln27Glu (rs1042714) polymorphisms. Pulmonary function test was done and repeated in patients after salbutamol inhalation.Results: The Gly16 and Gln27 alleles represented 57% and 70% of the whole study population, and only 3 haplotypes were detected; Arg16/Gln27, Gly16/Gln27, and Gly16/Glu27. Genotypes and haplotypes homozygous for Arg16 and Gln27 were more likely to develop COPD (p<0.05). However, individuals carrying Glu27 allele conferred protection against COPD development (p=0.002). Furthermore, Arg16 genotypes and haplotypes were significantly associated with higher grades of dyspnea, more COPD symptoms and frequent exacerbations. In contrast, patients carrying Glu27 allele had better bronchial airway responsiveness to β2-agonists.Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the ADRB2 gene polymorphisms may have vital role in COPD risk, severity, and bronchodilator response among Egyptian population. Larger epidemiological studies are needed for results validation.
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| 32. |
- Ibrahim, G.H., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Interleukin-28B gene polymorphism [rs12979860] on Egyptian patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype-4
- 2013
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Ingår i: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. - Alexandria, Egypt : World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (WHO/EMRO). - 1020-3397 .- 1687-1634. ; 19:Supp. 3, s. 98-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Interleukin (IL)-28B gene, namely rs12979860, could predict response to pegylated interferon-α-ribavirin (PR) therapy in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1)-infected patients. A similar role was investigated in a case-control study conducted on 93 Egyptian patients chronically infected with HCV-4 in comparison to 22 individuals with spontaneous HCV clearance and 70 healthy volunteers. The homozygous C allele genotype (CC) was associated with sustained viral response (SVR) to therapy compared with the homozygous T allele genotype (TT) and the heterozygous genotype (CT). In the SVR group, the response rate was statistically significantly higher in CC genotypes (58.6%) compared with CT/TT (20.3%). There was no correlation between SVR patients' genotypes and early response to therapy or HCV baseline viral load. Our findings describe how IL-28B SNP genotyping may guide appropriate selection of HCV-4-infected patients for PR therapy.
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| 34. |
- Lindblom, Rickard P. F., et al.
(författare)
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Unbiased expression mapping identifies a link between the complement and cholinergic systems in the rat central nervous system
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 192:3, s. 1138-1153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complement system is activated in a wide spectrum of CNS diseases and is suggested to play a role in degenerative phenomena such as elimination of synaptic terminals. Still, little is known of mechanisms regulating complement activation in the CNS. Loss of synaptic terminals in the spinal cord after an experimental nerve injury is increased in the inbred DA strain compared with the PVG strain and is associated with expression of the upstream complement components C1q and C3, in the absence of membrane attack complex activation and neutrophil infiltration. To further dissect pathways regulating complement expression, we performed genome-wide expression profiling and linkage analysis in a large F2(DA × PVG) intercross, which identified quantitative trait loci regulating expression of C1qa, C1qb, C3, and C9. Unlike C1qa, C1qb, and C9, which all displayed distinct coregulation with different cis-regulated C-type lectins, C3 was regulated in a coexpression network immediately downstream of butyrylcholinesterase. Butyrylcholinesterase hydrolyses acetylcholine, which exerts immunoregulatory effects partly through TNF-α pathways. Accordingly, increased C3, but not C1q, expression was demonstrated in rat and mouse glia following TNF-α stimulation, which was abrogated in a dose-dependent manner by acetylcholine. These findings demonstrate new pathways regulating CNS complement expression using unbiased mapping in an experimental in vivo system. A direct link between cholinergic activity and complement activation is supported by in vitro experiments. The identification of distinct pathways subjected to regulation by naturally occurring genetic variability is of relevance for the understanding of disease mechanisms in neurologic conditions characterized by neuronal injury and complement activation.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Madkour, Mohamed I., et al.
(författare)
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Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting modulates SOD2, TFAM, Nrf2, and sirtuins (SIRT1, SIRT3) gene expressions in subjects with overweight and obesity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - Shannon, Ireland : Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: A growing body of evidence supports the impact of intermittent fasting on normalizing body metabolism and lowering oxidative stress and inflammation. Mounting evidence confirms that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation trigger the way for the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on the expression of cellular metabolism (SIRT1 and SIRT3) and antioxidant genes (TFAM, SOD2, and Nrf2).Methods: Fifty-six (34 males and 22 females) overweight and obese subjects and six healthy body weight controls were recruited and monitored before and after Ramadan.Results: Results showed that the relative gene expressions in obese subjects in comparison to counterpart expressions of controls for the antioxidant genes (TFAM, SOD2, and Nrf2) were significantly increased at the end of Ramadan, with percent increments of 90.5%, 54.1% and 411.5% for the three genes, respectively. However, the metabolism-controlling gene (SIRT3) showed a highly significant (P < 0.001) downregulation accompanied with a trend for reduction in SIRT1 gene at the end of Ramadan month, with percent decrements of 61.8% and 10.4%, respectively. Binary regression analysis revealed significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between high energy intake (>2000 Kcal/day vs. <2000 Kcal/day) and expressions of SOD2 and TFAM (r = 0.84 and r = 0.9, respectively).Conclusion: Results suggest that RIF ameliorates the genetic expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory genes. Thus, RIF presumably may entail a protective impact against oxidative stress and its adverse metabolic-related derangements in non-diabetic obese patients.
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| 37. |
- Maher, Shymaa, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal cells isolated from human bone marrow, umbilical cord blood and placenta derived stem cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. - Heidelberg, Germany : Springer. - 2314-8535. ; 4:1, s. 80-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone marrow has been considered for long time as the main source for mesenchymal stem cells. However, bone marrow aspiration is an invasive process that can be associated with morbidity as well as few numbers of obtained cells. Umbilical cord blood and placental tissues are other potential sources for the same type of cells. These sources are abundant, accessible and associated with no harm to the donor. This study aimed at determining the differentiation of the three cell types towards the osteogenic lineage in short term culture and in classical osteogenic conditions. The gene expression profile showed that bone marrow derived cells were the most responsive to the culture conditions while umbilical cord blood derived cells were next, as shown by the expression by the osteogenic key transcription factors ‘Runx-2’ and osterix. At the meantime, umbilical cord blood and placenta derived cells showed significant enhancement of the gene expression over the study course, which denoted potential response of the cells. Based on these results and the availability of these two sources, umbilical cord blood and placenta should still be considered as potential sources for mesenchymal stem cells in osteogenic research program. However their differentiation potential will need further enhancement.
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| 38. |
- Mydin, Md Azree Othuman, et al.
(författare)
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Residual durability, mechanical, and microstructural properties of foamed concrete subjected to various elevated temperatures
- 2024
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Ingår i: Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal. - : Elsevier. - 2215-0986. ; 55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three different densities (500 kg/m3, 1000 kg/m3, and 1500 kg/m3) of foamed concrete (FC) were tested alongside mortar with a density of 1980 kg/m3 to investigate how high temperatures affect the qualities of FC. A flow table test was used to examine the fresh qualities of the mixtures. The modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), bending strength, split tensile strength, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, porosity, and appearance and colour changes at ambient temperature and after exposure to various high temperatures (100 ◦C, 150 ◦C, 200 ◦C, 400 ◦C, 600 ◦C, and 800 ◦C) were evaluated. To study the effects of varying densities, microstructure analysis was performed utilizing scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. According to the findings, the four varied densities appeared dissimilar. FC with lower densities (500 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3) showed signs of cracking, while FC with a higher density (1500 kg/m3) enabled for precise detection of the pore connectivity and surface spalling occurrences. High temperatures had less effect on the mortar than FC mixtures. As the temperature increased, the modulus of elasticity, split tensile strength, bending strength, compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and mass loss decreased for all the mortar and FC samples. The UPV values increased marginally up to 100 ◦C before decreasing. This investigation highlighted the need for additional research and code provisions that consider different innovative construction materials and FC constituent classes.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 43. |
- Tolba, Mai F., et al.
(författare)
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Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in vivo : Impact on oxidative stress and RANKL/OPG signals
- 2017
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Ingår i: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. - Maryland Heights, MO, United States : Elsevier. - 0041-008X .- 1096-0333. ; 324, s. 26-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is one of the most common causes of secondary osteoporosis. Given that glucocorticoids are considered as a main component of the treatment protocols for a variety of inflammation and immune-mediated diseases besides its use as adjuvant to several chemotherapeutic agents, it is crucial to find ways to overcome this critical adverse effect. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which is a natural compound derived from honeybee propolis displayed promising antiosteoporotic effects against mechanical bone injury in various studies. The current work aimed at investigating the potential protective effect of CAPE against GIO in vivo with emphasis on the modulation of oxidative status and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegrin (OPG) signaling. The results showed that CAPE opposed dexamethasone (DEX)-mediated alterations in bone histology and tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. In addition, CAPE restored oxidative balance, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RunX2) expression and reduced caspase-3 activity in femur tissues. Co-administration of CAPE with DEX normalized RANKL/OPG ratio and Akt activation indicating a reduction in DEX-osteoclastogenesis. In conclusion, concurrent treatment of CAPE with DEX exhibited promising effects in the protection against DEX-induced osteoporosis through opposing osteoclastogenesis and protecting osteoblasts. The potent antioxidant activity of CAPE is, at least in part, involved in its anti-apoptotic effects and modulation of RunX2 and RANKL/OPG signals. The use of CAPE-enriched propolis formulas is strongly recommended for patients on chronic glucocorticoid therapy to help in the attenuation of GIO.
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| 44. |
- Torkan, Hajar, et al.
(författare)
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Positive Imagery Cognitive Bias Modification in Treatment-Seeking Patients with Major Depression in Iran : A Pilot Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cognitive Therapy and Research. - : SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS. - 0147-5916 .- 1573-2819. ; 38:2, s. 132-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive bias modification paradigms training positive mental imagery and interpretation (imagery CBM-I) hold promise for treatment innovation in depression. However, depression is a global health problem and interventions need to translate across settings and cultures. The current pilot study investigated the impact of 1 week of daily imagery CBM-I in treatment-seeking individuals with major depression in outpatient psychiatry clinics in Iran. Further, it tested the importance of instructions to imagine the positive training materials. Finally, we examined the effects of this training on imagery vividness. Thirty-nine participants were randomly allocated to imagery CBM-I, a non-imagery control program, or a no treatment control group. Imagery CBM-I led to greater improvements in depressive symptoms, interpretive bias, and imagery vividness than either control condition at post-treatment (n = 13 per group), and improvements were maintained at 2-week follow-up (n = 8 per group). This pilot study provides first preliminary evidence that imagery CBM-I could provide positive clinical outcomes in an Iranian psychiatric setting, and further that the imagery component of the training may play a crucial role.
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