| 1. |
- Bowman, John L, et al.
(författare)
-
Insights into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha Genome
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 171:2, s. 287-304.15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires of signaling pathways, and increased diversity in some transcription factor families. Compared with other sequenced land plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy in most regulatory pathways, with this portion of its genome resembling that predicted for the ancestral land plant. PAPERCLIP.
|
|
| 2. |
- Fukui, Akihiko, et al.
(författare)
-
TOI-2285b: A 1.7 Earth-radius planet near the habitable zone around a nearby M dwarf
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Publication of the Astronomical Society of Japan. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2053-051X .- 0004-6264. ; 74:1, s. L1-L8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the discovery of TO1-2285b, a sub-Neptune-sized planet transiting a nearby (42 pc) M dwarf with a period of 27.3 d. We identified the transit signal from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometric data, which we confirmed with ground-based photometric observations using the multiband imagers MuSCAT2 and MuSCAT3. Combining these data with other follow-up observations including high-resolution spectroscopy with the Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph, high-resolution imaging with the SPeckle Polarimeter, and radial velocity (RV) measurements with the InfraRed Doppler instrument, we find that the planet has a radius of 1.74 +/- 0.08 R-circle plus, a mass of <19.5 M-circle plus + (95% c.I.), and an insolation flux of 1.54 +/- 0.14 times that of the Earth. Although the planet resides just outside the habitable zone for a rocky planet, if the planet harbors an H2O layer under a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, then liquid water could exist on the surface of the H2O layer depending on the planetary mass and water mass fraction. The bright host star in the near-infrared (K-s = 9.0) makes this planet an excellent target for further RV and atmospheric observations to improve our understanding of the composition, formation, and habitability of sub-Neptune-sized planets.
|
|
| 3. |
- Sahin, O, et al.
(författare)
-
International Multi-Specialty Expert Physician Preoperative Identification of Extranodal Extension n Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients using Computed Tomography: Prospective Blinded Human Inter-Observer Performance Evaluation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundExtranodal extension (ENE) is an important adverse prognostic factor in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and is often employed in therapeutic decision making. Clinician-based determination of ENE from radiological imaging is a difficult task with high inter-observer variability. However, the role of clinical specialty on the determination of ENE has been unexplored.MethodsPre-therapy computed tomography (CT) images for 24 human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) OPC patients were selected for the analysis; 6 scans were randomly chosen to be duplicated, resulting in a total of 30 scans of which 21 had pathologically-confirmed ENE. 34 expert clinician annotators, comprised of 11 radiologists, 12 surgeons, and 11 radiation oncologists separately evaluated the 30 CT scans for ENE and noted the presence or absence of specific radiographic criteria and confidence in their prediction. Discriminative performance was measured using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and Brier score for each physician. Statistical comparisons of discriminative performance were calculated using Mann Whitney U tests. Significant radiographic factors in correct discrimination of ENE status were determined through a logistic regression analysis. Interobserver agreement was measured using Fleiss’ kappa.ResultsThe median accuracy for ENE discrimination across all specialties was 0.57. There were significant differences between radiologists and surgeons for Brier score (0.33 vs. 0.26), radiation oncologists and surgeons for sensitivity (0.48 vs. 0.69), and radiation oncologists and radiologists/surgeons for specificity (0.89 vs. 0.56). There were no significant differences between specialties for accuracy or AUC. Indistinct capsular contour, nodal necrosis, and nodal matting were significant factors in regression analysis. Fleiss’ kappa was less than 0.6 for all the radiographic criteria, regardless of specialty.ConclusionsDetection of ENE in HPV+OPC patients on CT imaging remains a difficult task with high variability, regardless of clinician specialty. Although some differences do exist between the specialists, they are often minimal. Further research in automated analysis of ENE from radiographic images is likely needed.
|
|
| 4. |
- Downey, Harriet, et al.
(författare)
-
Training future generations to deliver evidence-based conservation and ecosystem management
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ecological Solutions and Evidence. - : Wiley. - 2688-8319. ; 2:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. To be effective, the next generation of conservation practitioners and managers need to be critical thinkers with a deep understanding of how to make evidence-based decisions and of the value of evidence synthesis.2. If, as educators, we do not make these priorities a core part of what we teach, we are failing to prepare our students to make an effective contribution to conservation practice.3. To help overcome this problem we have created open access online teaching materials in multiple languages that are stored in Applied Ecology Resources. So far, 117 educators from 23 countries have acknowledged the importance of this and are already teaching or about to teach skills in appraising or using evidence in conservation decision-making. This includes 145 undergraduate, postgraduate or professional development courses.4. We call for wider teaching of the tools and skills that facilitate evidence-based conservation and also suggest that providing online teaching materials in multiple languages could be beneficial for improving global understanding of other subject areas.
|
|
| 5. |
- Yossa, M. T., et al.
(författare)
-
Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS)-based high-resolution mapping of potential groundwater recharge zones on the hard rock terrains of the Cameroon volcanic line (CVL)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sn Applied Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2523-3963 .- 2523-3971. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Groundwater is the major water reserve in the present context of global warming-related droughts that appear to be more intense in hard rock terrains. The use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies are increasingly beneficial to groundwater research, by allowing for low cost and larger-scale high-resolution mapping compared to conventional hydrogeological exploration methods. This study aimed at developing a high-resolution map of potential groundwater recharge (GWR(pot)) zones for the drought-stricken Banka hard rock terrain, straddling the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). Shuttle Radar Tomography Mission (SRTM)-30m and Landsat 8 satellite images constituted the main data source that was ground-truthed through field mapping and used to produce various thematic GIS layers: geology slope, aspect, land use & land cover, drainage density and lineament density of spatial resolution 16m x 16m. The layers were each attributed a fixed score and weight to groundwater recharge, computed using Multi-Influencing Factor (MIF) and Analytical Hierarchy Process of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (AHP-MCDA) techniques. Lastly, a Weighted Overlay Analysis was done using the layers to produce the GWR(pot) zones for the study area. The resulting map shows that 60% of the study area, covering the south, west-northwest and the north-northeast portions of the map have moderate to very high recharge potentials. This result is particularly useful for groundwater targeting in the area and demonstrates the effectiveness of the method in hard rock terrains where traditional methods have been less efficient in properly delineating groundwater recharge zones.
|
|
