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| 3. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Axfors, Cathrine, et al.
(author)
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Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19 : a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
- 2021
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In: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2334. ; 21:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, ). Methods: In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. Results: A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I-2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care.
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| 6. |
- Boscaglia, Luca, 1991, et al.
(author)
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Thermal Modeling and Driving-cycle Critical Temperatures Estimation of Electrically Excited Synchronous Machine for Automotive Traction
- 2023
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In: 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023. ; , s. 4501-4508
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrically Excited Synchronous Machines (EESM) has garnered attention due to their outstanding performance characteristics but it presents significant thermal challenges. The rotor is embedded with active conductors resulting in a high loss density and large amount of heat that discourage the adoption of this machine in various applications. This paper investigates into the feasibility of utilizing a 60 kW EESM for a commercial vehicle application, with a specific focus on understanding its thermal behavior. Steady-state 3D Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) analysis is conducted to obtain the temperature response of various machine components across the torque-speed map. Based on this analysis, thermal resistances are estimated to construct a simplified Lumped Parameter Thermal Network (LPTN) and predict maximum temperatures along the Worldwide harmonized Light-duty vehicles Test Cycles (WLTC). Simulations in MATLAB Simulink show that the temperatures remain below the limits defined by the winding insulation class throughout the entire driving cycle. This finding assures the reliability and safe operation of the EESM for the considered application.
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| 7. |
- Chen, Hao, et al.
(author)
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Electromagnetic Performance Investigation of A Brushless Electrically-Excited Synchronous Machine for Long-Distance Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles
- 2024
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In: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification. - 2332-7782. ; In Press
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Long-distance heavy-duty electric vehicles, e.g., electric trucks, expect demanding requirements from the electric drive system, including high starting torque, high torque density, high power factor, high efficiency, etc. Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) have been widely used for traction applications. However, the high cost and associated environmental issues due to the rare-earth permanent magnet material intensify researchers to explore new solutions. Accordingly, a brushless electrically-excited synchronous machine (EESM) is designed and investigated in this paper. The brushless EESM is also quantitatively compared with a PMSM candidate for the aforementioned application. Differing from conventional EESMs in which the brushes and slip rings are used for rotor field winding excitation, a contactless/brushless rotating transformer is adopted for the presented EESM to feed the rotor field winding. It is shown that the interior PMSM exhibits higher efficiency in low-speed region, but lower efficiency in high-speed region. By contrast, the brushless EESM exhibits lower efficiency in low-speed region, but much higher efficiency in high-speed region. Hence, the EESM is more suitable for long-distance heavy-duty electric vehicle applications where significant highspeed operations are required. Moreover, compared to the PMSM, the EESM is more cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly due to the absence of the rare-earth permanent magnet material. Both the PMSM and the EESM are prototyped and manufactured. Experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the presented designs.
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| 8. |
- Jiang, Bowen, 1993, et al.
(author)
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Active Balancing of Reconfigurable Batteries Using Reinforcement Learning Algorithms
- 2023
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In: 2023 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, ITEC 2023.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In reconfigurable batteries, series or parallel connections among cells/modules are able to be actively changed during operations. One big advantage of reconfiguration is to achieve active balancing among cells/modules. Rule-based and greedy algorithms of reconfigurable battery control have problems of being sensitive to battery characteristic variation and requiring a lot of computing resources. Therefore, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms are used to overcome these difficulties. Very few studies related to this idea have been done previously, and the studied battery reconfiguration topologies are either too simple or too complex. Thus, in this paper, a module-level reconfigurable battery with moderate flexibilities is controlled by DRL algorithms. Two neighboring modules are connected in either parallel or series by following a well-trained optimal policy. Two battery discharging cases, constant power and variable power, are simulated. The final results prove the feasibility and great potential of utilizing DRL algorithms in reconfigurable battery control.
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| 9. |
- Jiang, Bowen, 1993, et al.
(author)
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Identification of Self and Mutual Inductances of Electrically Excited Synchronous Machines Using Signals in Current Controller without Extra Observer
- 2024
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In: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. - 0885-8993 .- 1941-0107. ; In Press
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrically excited synchronous machines (EESMs) have become a promising candidate for electric vehicles due to their high power density without using rare-earth materials. Accurate parameters are essential to achieve high performance dynamic control. However, to precisely identify the parameters of an EESM is more challenging than other machines, since the number of parameters is larger and there are also couplings between the parameters. In this study, a method to identify the apparent and incremental values of self and mutual inductances is proposed. In this method, signals from the current controller are extracted and processed to eliminate the parameter errors, without building any extra observer. The method has been verified in both real-time simulations and experiments. It is shown that parameters are calibrated successfully. By using the identified parameters in the current controller, a fast and smooth current dynamic response is achieved.
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| 10. |
- Jiang, Bowen, 1993, et al.
(author)
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Lithium-ion Battery State of Health Estimation with Recurrent Convolution Neural Networks
- 2022
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In: IET Conference Proceedings. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 2732-4494. ; 2022:4, s. 479-484
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- State of health (SOH) estimation of lithium-ion batteries is one of the major functions conducted by battery management systems. Machine learning and neural networks become popular for SOH estimation in recent years, especially when huge amounts of battery data from laboratories and end-users are available. This paper proposed a new SOH estimation structure, which combines recurrent neural network and convolution neural network together. Measurements not only from the studied cycle but also from the previous two cycles is used together to estimate the studied cycle SOH. By this way, hidden information of aging trends among cycles is utilized. Furthermore, two-dimensional filters in convolution layers are applied to study features of voltage, current, and temperature during the charging process. Validation results show that the proposed SOH estimation structure can reduce the validation set loss by 31.5% and 18.8% respectively, compared to the long-short-term model and another proposed reference structure that combines recurrent neural network and feedforward neural network together.
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| 11. |
- Khatri, C, et al.
(author)
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Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
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In: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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| 14. |
- Lopes De Oliveira, Thaís, et al.
(author)
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Effects from medications on functional biomarkers of aging in three longitudinal studies of aging in Sweden
- 2024
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In: Aging Cell. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1474-9718 .- 1474-9726.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and blood glucose-lowering drugs have slowed down the aging process in animal models. In humans, studies are limited, have short follow-up times, and show mixed results. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the effects of commonly used medications on functional aging, cognitive function, and frailty. We included information on individuals from three Swedish longitudinal population-based studies collected between 1986 and 2014. Our exposures were the 21 most used groups of medications among individuals aged 65 years and older in the Swedish population in 2022. Functional aging index (n = 1191), cognitive function (n = 1094), and frailty index (n = 1361) were the outcomes of interest. To estimate the medication effects, we used a self-controlled analysis, where each individual is his/her own control, thereby adjusting for all time-stable confounders. The analysis was additionally adjusted for time-varying confounders (chronological age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, smoking, body mass index, and the number of drugs). The participants were 65.5-82.8 years at the first in-person assessment. Adrenergics/inhalants (effect size = 0.089) and lipid-modifying agents/plain (effect size = 0.082) were associated with higher values of cognitive function (improvement), and selective calcium channel blockers with mainly vascular effects (effect size = -0.129) were associated with lower values of the functional aging index (improvement). No beneficial effects were found on the frailty index. Adrenergics/inhalants, lipid-modifying agents/plain, and selective calcium channel blockers with mainly vascular effects may benefit functional biomarkers of aging. More research is needed to investigate their clinical value in preventing adverse aging outcomes.
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| 15. |
- Tang, Bowen, et al.
(author)
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Major depressive disorder and cardiometabolic diseases : a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study
- 2020
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In: Diabetologia. - : Springer Nature. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 63:7, s. 1305-1311
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis Observational studies have shown a bidirectional association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiometabolic diseases. We conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to assess the causal associations of MDD with type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure and vice versa. Methods We extracted summary-level data for MDD, type 2 diabetes, CAD and heart failure from corresponding published large genome-wide association studies of individuals mainly of European-descent. In total, 96 SNPs for MDD, 202 SNPs for type 2 diabetes, 44 SNPs for CAD and 12 SNPs for heart failure were proposed as instrumental variables at the genome-wide significance level (p < 5 x 10(-8)). The random-effects inverse-variance weighted method was used for the main analyses. Results Genetic liability to MDD was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes and CAD at the Bonferroni-corrected significance level. The ORs of type 2 diabetes and CAD were respectively 1.26 (95% CI 1.10, 1.43; p = 6 x 10(-4)) and 1.16 (95% CI 1.05, 1.29; p = 0.0047) per one-unit increase in log(e) odds of MDD. There was a suggestive association between MDD and heart failure (OR 1.11 [95% CI 1.01, 1.21]; p = 0.033). We found limited evidence supporting causal effects of cardiometabolic diseases on MDD risk in the reverse MR analyses. Conclusions/interpretation The present study strengthened the evidence that MDD is a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes and CAD. Whether MDD is causally related to heart failure needs further study. Data availability All data included in this study were uploaded as supplements and are also publicly available through published GWASs and open GWAS datasets (UK Biobank, 23andMe and Psychiatric Genomics: https://datashare.is.ed.ac.uk/handle/10283/3203; DIAGRAM: http://diagram-consortium.org/downloads.html; CARDIoGRAMplusCD4: www.cardiogramplusc4d.org/; HERMES: http://www.kp4cd.org/datasets/mi).
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| 16. |
- Tang, Junfei, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Comprehensive Dynamic Current Control of Electrically Excited Synchronous Machines With Magnetic Mutual Couplings
- 2024
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In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. - 0278-0046 .- 1557-9948. ; In press
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrically excited synchronous machines have become an attractive solution to electric vehicles. The excitation of the machine is controllable by adjusting the field current. However, due to the magnetic mutual couplings between stator and rotor windings, a voltage will be induced in the stator winding in case of a current rise in the field winding and vice-versa. In this article, a dynamic current control algorithm is proposed in which magnetic mutual couplings are comprehensively taken into consideration. To achieve this, first, the expected current derivatives are determined according to the error. Then, the voltages across all self- and mutual inductances are calculated correspondingly. In the end, the resistive voltages, inductive voltages, and the cross-coupling terms are summed up to construct the total controller output. To make sure that the control still works when the voltage output limit is reached, an antiwindup algorithm with adaptive bandwidth is proposed to cooperate with the dynamic current control algorithm. The results from simulations and experiments show that smoother responses can be achieved with the proposed control method.
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| 17. |
- Tang, Junfei, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Dynamic Current Reference Determination of Electrically Excited Synchronous Machines Based on Torque Gradients of Copper Losses
- 2024
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In: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. - 0885-8993 .- 1941-0107. ; 39:6, s. 7423-7433
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrically excited synchronous machines (EESMs) have become an attractive solution to electric vehicles. The excitation of the machine can be regulated by adjusting field current. This introduces one additional degree of control freedom. The control of armature current in stator and field current in rotor is expected to not only reduce the total losses, but also dynamically redistribute the load on both windings so that neither of them overheats. To realize this function, an algorithm is proposed in this study to dynamically determine the current references in EESM torque control. A cost function is introduced by placing weights on stator and rotor copper losses separately. The weights can be adjusted dynamically. The cost function is minimized by moving the current reference vector. The moving of the vector is orthogonally decomposed into a torque-related component and a cost-related component. When current or voltage limits are reached, a cancellation technique is activated to constrain the reference vector. It is shown in experimental results that expected performance is achieved in all operating conditions.
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| 18. |
- Tang, Junfei, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Observations of Field Current and Field Winding Temperature in Electrically Excited Synchronous Machines with Brushless Excitation
- 2022
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In: 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines, ICEM 2022. ; , s. 841-847
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrically excited synchronous machines have become an alternative in electrification of transportations and renewable power generations. To reduce the extra effort in the maintenance of sliprings and brushes for field excitation, brushless excitation has been developed. However, when brushless excitation is adopted, the field winding becomes physically inaccessible when the machine is rotating. To solve this problem, an algorithm is proposed in this study to observe the field current and field winding temperature of an EESM with brushless excitation. The stator currents are measured and then used to correct the machine state predictor. The correction of the state prediction is interpreted to adjust the field winding resistance and temperature value. The algorithm is evaluated in simulations. The estimations of field current and field winding temperature track the measurements successfully.
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| 19. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(author)
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The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Wikström Shemer, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Associations between epigenetic aging and diabetes mellitus in a Swedish longitudinal study.
- 2024
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In: GeroScience. - 2509-2723.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) is associated with accelerated biological aging and the increased risk of onset of other age-related diseases. Epigenetic changes in DNA methylation levels have been found to serve as reliable biomarkers for biological aging. This study explores the relationship between various epigenetic biomarkers of aging and diabetes risk using longitudinal data. Data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) was collected from 1984 to 2014 and included 536 individuals with at least one epigenetic measurement. The following epigenetic biomarkers of aging were employed: DNAm PAI-1, DNAmTL, DunedinPACE, PCHorvath1, PCHorvath2, PCHannum, PCPhenoAge, and PCGrimAge. Firstly, longitudinal analysis of biomarker trajectories was done. Secondly, linear correlations between the biomarkers and time to diabetes were studied within individuals developing diabetes. Thirdly, Cox proportional hazards (PH) models were used to assess the associations between these biomarkers and time of diabetes diagnosis, with adjustments for chronological age, sex, education, smoking, blood glucose, and BMI. The longitudinal trajectories of the biomarkers revealed differences between individuals with and without diabetes. Smoothened average curves for DunedinPACE and DNAm PAI-1 were higher for individuals with diabetes around the age 60-70, compared to controls. Likewise, DunedinPACE and DNAm PAI-1 were higher closer to diabetes onset. However, no significant associations were found between the epigenetic biomarkers of aging and risk of diabetes in Cox PH models. Our findings suggest the potential value of developing epigenetic biomarkers specifically tailored to T2D, should we wish to model and explore the potential for predicting the disease.
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| 21. |
- Yuan, Shuai, et al.
(author)
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Circulating Lipoprotein Lipids, Apolipoproteins and Ischemic Stroke.
- 2020
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In: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 88:6, s. 1229-1236
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to disentangle the comparative effects of lipids and apolipoproteins on ischemic stroke.METHODS: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein A-I and B (apoA-I and apoB) at the level of genomewide significance (p < 5 × 10-8 ) in the UK Biobank were used as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for ischemic stroke and its subtypes were obtained from the MEGASTROKE consortium with 514,791 individuals (60,341 ischemic stroke cases, and 454,450 non-cases).RESULTS: Increased levels of apoB, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were associated with higher risk of any ischemic stroke, large artery stroke, and small vessel stroke in the main and sensitivity univariable MR analyses. In multivariable MR analysis including apoB, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in the same model, apoB retained a robust effect (p < 0.05), whereas the estimate for LDL cholesterol was reversed, and that for triglycerides largely attenuated. Decreased levels of apoA-I and HDL cholesterol were robustly associated with increased risk of any ischemic stroke, large artery stroke, and small vessel stroke in all univariable MR analyses, but the association for apoA-I was attenuated to the null after mutual adjustment.INTERPRETATION: The present MR study reveals that apoB is the predominant trait that accounts for the etiological basis of apoB, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in relation to ischemic stroke, in particular large artery and small vessel stroke. Whether HDL cholesterol exerts a protective effect on ischemic stroke independent of apoA-I needs further investigation. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1229-1236.
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