| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
-
- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Desjardins, Kewin, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of a back-illuminated CMOS camera for soft x-ray coherent scattering
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, SRI 2018. - : Author(s). - 9780735417823 ; 2054
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A commercial scientific camera has been adapted and characterized at the SOLEIL Synchrotron with the aim to improve the acquisition capabilities on the soft X-ray coherent scattering experimental station at SEXTANTS beamline. This device is equipped by the last generation of back side illuminated scientific CMOS (BSI-sCMOS) of 2048 by 2048 pixels of 11 μm2 able to acquire low noise images with a frame rate up to 48 Hz. The camera's performance measurements have been done and shows a good level of readout noise, a large full-well capacity, a medium dark current and a good homogeneity, respectively, 1.6 e- rms (in High Gain mode), 80 000 e- (in Low Gain mode),<5 e-/pixel/s and ∼ 1%. The quantum efficiency (QE) measurement has been performed at the soft x-ray branch of the METROLOGIE beamline and gives a relatively good agreement with the expected theoretical values. Finally, the demonstration of the camera's efficiency and of the gain in useful time measurement related to the high frame rate have been performed with a series of Airy patterns images compared with an image recorded using the standard BSI-CDD already in operation at the SEXTANTS beamline.
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| 6. |
- Griesmayer, E., et al.
(författare)
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Applications of single-crystal CVD diamond XBPM detectors with nanometre x-ray beams
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, SRI 2018. - : Author(s). - 9780735417823 ; 2054
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements with a Diamond XBPM were carried out at the MAX IV Laboratory, Lund, Sweden, at the NanoMAX beam line. This was the first investigation of a Diamond XBPM detector with nanometre beams. The effect of diffusion, as well as the position resolution at the smallest available beam sizes were studied.
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| 7. |
- Marcouille, O., et al.
(författare)
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Production of high energy photons with in vacuum wigglers : From SOLEIL wiggler to MAXIV wiggler
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, SRI 2018. - : Author(s). - 9780735417823 ; 2054
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small gap wigglers become more and more attractive to produce high photon fluxes in the hard X-ray photon range. They use magnet blocks of high magnetization which resists much better to heating (baking, synchrotron radiation) than in the past, produce high magnetic field with numerous periods and are very compact. They also are a very good alternative to superconducting technology which requires special infrastructure, heavy maintenance and is not running cost free. SOLEIL, operating presently at 2.75 GeV has designed and built an in-vacuum wiggler of 38 periods of 50 mm producing 2.1 T at a minimum gap of 5.5 mm to delivered photon beam between 20 keV and 50 keV. Already in operation, further improvements are presently in progress to push photons towards higher energy, in particular thanks to the operation at lower gap (4.5 mm). MAX IV and SOLEIL, in the frame of collaboration, ave built an upgraded version of the existing SOLEIL wiggler with the target to extend the spectral range at high energy (above 50 keV) but also at low energy (4 keV) with the same insertion device. The design of the existing magnetic system has been modified to reach 2.4 T at a minimum gap of 4.2 mm and includes taper operation to avoid undulator structure in the radiated spectrum at low energy.
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| 8. |
- Plivelic, Tomás S., et al.
(författare)
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X-ray tracing, design and construction of an optimized optics scheme for CoSAXS, the small angle x-ray scattering beamline at MAX IV laboratory
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, SRI 2018. - : Author(s). - 9780735417823 ; 2054
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel optical design for a flexible SAXS beamline at a modern synchrotron has been implemented for the CoSAXS beamline at the 3GeV ring at the MAX TV Laboratory. The performance of the beamline has been simulated through combined ray tracing and wave propagation with the code xrt taking into account the low emittance and highly coherent beam of MAX TV and the short inter-optics distances of the beamline. The total photon flux is estimated to be 1012-1013 ph/s with the coherent flux portion up to 10 % at 7.1 keV. The inhomogeneities in the X-ray beam arising from use of real (non-idealised) mirror surfaces are also modelled using the measured slope profiles of the mirrors. Strategies to mitigate these inhomogeneities are discussed. The optical components for CoSAXS have been constructed and beamline commissioning will start in 2019.
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| 9. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 10. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 11. |
- Arzoumanian, Doris, et al.
(författare)
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Dust polarized emission observations of NGC 6334: BISTRO reveals the details of the complex but organized magnetic field structure of the high-mass star-forming hub-filament network
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Molecular filaments and hubs have received special attention recently thanks to new studies showing their key role in star formation. While the (column) density and velocity structures of both filaments and hubs have been carefully studied, their magnetic field (B-field) properties have yet to be characterized. Consequently, the role of B-fields in the formation and evolution of hub-filament systems is not well constrained. Aims. We aim to understand the role of the B-field and its interplay with turbulence and gravity in the dynamical evolution of the NGC 6334 filament network that harbours cluster-forming hubs and high-mass star formation. Methods. We present new observations of the dust polarized emission at 850 μm toward the 2 pc × 10 pc map of NGC 6334 at a spatial resolution of 0.09 pc obtained with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) as part of the B-field In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey. We study the distribution and dispersion of the polarized intensity (PI), the polarization fraction (PF), and the plane-of-The-sky B-field angle (χB_POS) toward the whole region, along the 10 pc-long ridge and along the sub-filaments connected to the ridge and the hubs. We derived the power spectra of the intensity and χBPOS along the ridge crest and compared them with the results obtained from simulated filaments. Results. The observations span 3 orders of magnitude in Stokes I and PI and 2 orders of magnitude in PF (from 0.2 to 20%). A large scatter in PI and PF is observed for a given value of I. Our analyses show a complex B-field structure when observed over the whole region ( 10 pc); however, at smaller scales (1 pc), χBPOS varies coherently along the crests of the filament network. The observed power spectrum of χBPOS can be well represented with a power law function with a slope of-1.33 ± 0.23, which is 20% shallower than that of I. We find that this result is compatible with the properties of simulated filaments and may indicate the physical processes at play in the formation and evolution of star-forming filaments. Along the sub-filaments, χBPOS rotates frombeing mostly perpendicular or randomly oriented with respect to the crests to mostly parallel as the sub-filaments merge with the ridge and hubs. This variation of the B-field structure along the sub-filaments may be tracing local velocity flows of infalling matter in the ridge and hubs. Our analysis also suggests a variation in the energy balance along the crests of these sub-filaments, from magnetically critical or supercritical at their far ends to magnetically subcritical near the ridge and hubs. We also detect an increase in PF toward the high-column density (NH2 â 1023 cm-2) star cluster-forming hubs. These latter large PF values may be explained by the increase in grain alignment efficiency due to stellar radiation from the newborn stars, combined with an ordered B-field structure. Conclusions. These observational results reveal for the first time the characteristics of the small-scale (down to 0.1 pc) B-field structure of a 10 pc-long hub-filament system. Our analyses show variations in the polarization properties along the sub-filaments that may be tracing the evolution of their physical properties during their interaction with the ridge and hubs. We also detect an impact of feedback from young high-mass stars on the local B-field structure and the polarization properties, which could put constraints on possible models for dust grain alignment and provide important hints as to the interplay between the star formation activity and interstellar B-fields.
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| 12. |
- Eswaraiah, Chakali, et al.
(författare)
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The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Revealing the Diverse Magnetic Field Morphologies in Taurus Dense Cores with Sensitive Submillimeter Polarimetry
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 912:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have obtained sensitive dust continuum polarization observations at 850 μm in the B213 region of Taurus using POL-2 on SCUBA-2 at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the B-fields in STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey. These observations allow us to probe magnetic field (B-field) at high spatial resolution (∼2000 au or ∼0.01 pc at 140 pc) in two protostellar cores (K04166 and K04169) and one prestellar core (Miz-8b) that lie within the B213 filament. Using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method, we estimate the B-field strengths in K04166, K04169, and Miz-8b to be 38 ± 14, 44 ± 16, and 12 ± 5 μG, respectively. These cores show distinct mean B-field orientations. The B-field in K04166 is well ordered and aligned parallel to the orientations of the core minor axis, outflows, core rotation axis, and large-scale uniform B-field, in accordance with magnetically regulated star formation via ambipolar diffusion taking place in K04166. The B-field in K04169 is found to be ordered but oriented nearly perpendicular to the core minor axis and large-scale B-field and not well correlated with other axes. In contrast, Miz-8b exhibits a disordered B-field that shows no preferred alignment with the core minor axis or large-scale field. We found that only one core, K04166, retains a memory of the large-scale uniform B-field. The other two cores, K04169 and Miz-8b, are decoupled from the large-scale field. Such a complex B-field configuration could be caused by gas inflow onto the filament, even in the presence of a substantial magnetic flux.
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| 13. |
- Li, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide identification of resistance genes and cellular analysis of key gene knockout strain under 5-hydroxymethylfurfural stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - 1471-2180. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In bioethanol production, the main by-product, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), significantly hinders microbial fermentation. Therefore, it is crucial to explore genes related to HMF tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for enhancing the tolerance of ethanol fermentation strains. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using genome-wide deletion library scanning and SGAtools, resulting in the identification of 294 genes associated with HMF tolerance in S. cerevisiae. Further KEGG and GO enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of genes OCA1 and SIW14 in the protein phosphorylation pathway, underscoring their role in HMF tolerance. Spot test validation and subcellular structure observation demonstrated that, following a 3-h treatment with 60mM HMF, the SIW14 gene knockout strain exhibited a 12.68% increase in cells with abnormal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and a 22.41% increase in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species compared to the BY4741 strain. These findings indicate that the SIW14 gene contributes to the protection of the ER structure within the cell and facilitates the clearance of reactive oxygen species, thereby confirming its significance as a key gene for HMF tolerance in S. cerevisiae.
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| 14. |
- Lu, R.S., et al.
(författare)
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A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 616:7958, s. 686-690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nearby radio galaxy M87 is a prime target for studying black hole accretion and jet formation1,2. Event Horizon Telescope observations of M87 in 2017, at a wavelength of 1.3 mm, revealed a ring-like structure, which was interpreted as gravitationally lensed emission around a central black hole3. Here we report images of M87 obtained in 2018, at a wavelength of 3.5 mm, showing that the compact radio core is spatially resolved. High-resolution imaging shows a ring-like structure of [Formula: see text] Schwarzschild radii in diameter, approximately 50% larger than that seen at 1.3 mm. The outer edge at 3.5 mm is also larger than that at 1.3 mm. This larger and thicker ring indicates a substantial contribution from the accretion flow with absorption effects, in addition to the gravitationally lensed ring-like emission. The images show that the edge-brightened jet connects to the accretion flow of the black hole. Close to the black hole, the emission profile of the jet-launching region is wider than the expected profile of a black-hole-driven jet, suggesting the possible presence of a wind associated with the accretion flow.
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| 15. |
- Tahani, Mehrnoosh, et al.
(författare)
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JCMT BISTRO Observations: Magnetic Field Morphology of Bubbles Associated with NGC 6334
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 944:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the Hii regions associated with the NGC 6334 molecular cloud observed in the submillimeter and taken as part of the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations Survey. In particular, we investigate the polarization patterns and magnetic field morphologies associated with these Hii regions. Through polarization pattern and pressure calculation analyses, several of these bubbles indicate that the gas and magnetic field lines have been pushed away from the bubble, toward an almost tangential (to the bubble) magnetic field morphology. In the densest part of NGC 6334, where the magnetic field morphology is similar to an hourglass, the polarization observations do not exhibit observable impact from Hii regions. We detect two nested radial polarization patterns in a bubble to the south of NGC 6334 that correspond to the previously observed bipolar structure in this bubble. Finally, using the results of this study, we present steps (incorporating computer vision; circular Hough transform) that can be used in future studies to identify bubbles that have physically impacted magnetic field lines.
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| 16. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
- Abele, H., et al.
(författare)
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Particle physics at the European Spallation Source
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 1023, s. 1-84
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).
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| 18. |
- Cheng, Li-Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient CsPbBr3 Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by Synergetic Morphology Control
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Optical Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2162-7568 .- 2195-1071. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of solution-processed inorganic metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is currently hindered by low emission efficiency due to morphological defects and severe non-radiative recombination in all-inorganic perovskite emitters. Herein, bright PeLEDs are demonstrated by synergetic morphology control over cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite films with the combination of two additives. The phenethylammonium bromide additive enables the formation of mixed-dimensional CsPbBr3 perovskites featuring the reduced grain size (amp;lt;15 nm) and efficient energy funneling, while the dielectric polyethyleneglycol additive promotes the formation of highly compact and pinhole-free perovskite films with defect passivation at grain boundaries. Consequently, green PeLEDs achieve a current efficiency of 37.14 cd A(-1) and an external quantum efficiency of 13.14% with the maximum brightness up to 45 990 cd m(-2) and high color purity. Furthermore, this method can be effectively extended to realize flexible PeLEDs on plastic substrates with a high efficiency of 31.0 cd A(-1).
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| 19. |
- Doi, Yasuo, et al.
(författare)
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The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Magnetic Fields Associated with a Network of Filaments in NGC 1333
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 899:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new observations of the active star formation region NGC 1333 in the Perseus molecular cloud complex from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope B-Fields In Star-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey with the POL-2 instrument. The BISTRO data cover the entire NGC 1333 complex (∼1.5 pc ? 2 pc) at 0.02 pc resolution and spatially resolve the polarized emission from individual filamentary structures for the first time. The inferred magnetic field structure is complex as a whole, with each individual filament aligned at different position angles relative to the local field orientation. We combine the BISTRO data with low- and high- resolution data derived from Planck and interferometers to study the multiscale magnetic field structure in this region. The magnetic field morphology drastically changes below a scale of ∼1 pc and remains continuous from the scales of filaments (∼0.1 pc) to that of protostellar envelopes (∼0.005 pc or ∼1000 au). Finally, we construct simple models in which we assume that the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the long axis of the filaments. We demonstrate that the observed variation of the relative orientation between the filament axes and the magnetic field angles are well reproduced by this model, taking into account the projection effects of the magnetic field and filaments relative to the plane of the sky. These projection effects may explain the apparent complexity of the magnetic field structure observed at the resolution of BISTRO data toward the filament network.
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| 20. |
- Dubbaka Venu, Pradeep Reddy, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Oocyte-specific deletion of Pten causes premature activation of the primordial follicle pool
- 2008
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 319:5863, s. 611-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the mammalian ovary, progressive activation of primordial follicles from the dormant pool serves as the source of fertilizable ova. Menopause, or the end of female reproductive life, occurs when the primordial follicle pool is exhausted. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying follicle activation are poorly understood. We provide genetic evidence that in mice lacking PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) in oocytes, a major negative regulator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), the entire primordial follicle pool becomes activated. Subsequently, all primordial follicles become depleted in early adulthood, causing premature ovarian failure (POF). Our results show that the mammalian oocyte serves as the headquarters of programming of follicle activation and that the oocyte PTEN-PI3K pathway governs follicle activation through control of initiation of oocyte growth.
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| 21. |
- Felsberg, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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The Thermal Infrared Visual Object Tracking VOT-TIR2015 Challenge Results
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781467383905 ; , s. 639-651
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Thermal Infrared Visual Object Tracking challenge 2015, VOTTIR2015, aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that work on thermal infrared (TIR) sequences and do not apply prelearned models of object appearance. VOT-TIR2015 is the first benchmark on short-term tracking in TIR sequences. Results of 24 trackers are presented. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the appendix. The VOT-TIR2015 challenge is based on the VOT2013 challenge, but introduces the following novelties: (i) the newly collected LTIR (Linköping TIR) dataset is used, (ii) the VOT2013 attributes are adapted to TIR data, (iii) the evaluation is performed using insights gained during VOT2013 and VOT2014 and is similar to VOT2015.
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| 22. |
- Feng, Zhenhua, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Domain Power Division Multiplexing DDO-OFDM Transmission with Successive Interference Cancellation
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO). - Washington, D.C. : IEEE conference proceedings.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two independent 2.5-Gb/s DDO-OFDM signals are simultaneously transmitted over 25km SMF using digital domain power division multiplexing and successive interference cancellation. With optimized power division ratio and enhanced SD-FEC, the spectral efficiency can be doubled.
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| 23. |
- Hwang, Jihye, et al.
(författare)
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The JCMT BISTRO Survey: A Spiral Magnetic Field in a Hub-filament Structure, Monoceros R2
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 941:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present and analyze observations of polarized dust emission at 850 μm toward the central 1 × 1 pc hub-filament structure of Monoceros R2 (Mon R2). The data are obtained with SCUBA-2/POL-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) as part of the B-fields in Star-forming Region Observations survey. The orientations of the magnetic field follow the spiral structure of Mon R2, which are well described by an axisymmetric magnetic field model. We estimate the turbulent component of the magnetic field using the angle difference between our observations and the best-fit model of the underlying large-scale mean magnetic field. This estimate is used to calculate the magnetic field strength using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, for which we also obtain the distribution of volume density and velocity dispersion using a column density map derived from Herschel data and the C18O (J = 3 - 2) data taken with HARP on the JCMT, respectively. We make maps of magnetic field strengths and mass-to-flux ratios, finding that magnetic field strengths vary from 0.02 to 3.64 mG with a mean value of 1.0 ± 0.06 mG, and the mean critical mass-to-flux ratio is 0.47 ± 0.02. Additionally, the mean Alfvén Mach number is 0.35 ± 0.01. This suggests that, in Mon R2, the magnetic fields provide resistance against large-scale gravitational collapse, and the magnetic pressure exceeds the turbulent pressure. We also investigate the properties of each filament in Mon R2. Most of the filaments are aligned along the magnetic field direction and are magnetically subcritical.
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| 24. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2015 challenge results
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops ICCVW 2015. - : IEEE. - 9780769557205 ; , s. 564-586
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge 2015, VOT2015, aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 62 trackers are presented. The number of tested trackers makes VOT 2015 the largest benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the appendix. Features of the VOT2015 challenge that go beyond its VOT2014 predecessor are: (i) a new VOT2015 dataset twice as large as in VOT2014 with full annotation of targets by rotated bounding boxes and per-frame attribute, (ii) extensions of the VOT2014 evaluation methodology by introduction of a new performance measure. The dataset, the evaluation kit as well as the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 25. |
- Leebens-Mack, James H., et al.
(författare)
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One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 574:7780, s. 679-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000-500,000 species(1,2) of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life.
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| 26. |
- Liao, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide identification of resistance genes and response mechanism analysis of key gene knockout strain to catechol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2024
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Ingår i: FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY. - 1664-302X. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for biodegradation and transformation of industrial toxic substances such as catechol (CA) has received widespread attention, but the low tolerance of S. cerevisiae to CA has limited its development. The exploration and modification of genes or pathways related to CA tolerance in S. cerevisiae is an effective way to further improve the utilization efficiency of CA. This study identified 36 genes associated with CA tolerance in S. cerevisiae through genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analysis and the ERG6 knockout strain (ERG6 Delta) is the most sensitive to CA. Based on the omics analysis of ERG6 Delta under CA stress, it was found that ERG6 knockout affects pathways such as intrinsic component of membrane and pentose phosphate pathway. In addition, the study revealed that 29 genes related to the cell wall-membrane system were up-regulated by more than twice, NADPH and NADP(+) were increased by 2.48 and 4.41 times respectively, and spermidine and spermine were increased by 2.85 and 2.14 times, respectively, in ERG6 Delta. Overall, the response of cell wall-membrane system, the accumulation of spermidine and NADPH, as well as the increased levels of metabolites in pentose phosphate pathway are important findings in improving the CA resistance. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the tolerance of strains to CA and reducing the damage caused by CA to the ecological environment and human health.
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| 27. |
- Lin, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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Physical-layer network coding for passive optical interconnect in datacenter networks
- 2017
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 25:15, s. 17788-17797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce physical-layer network coding (PLNC) technique in a passive optical interconnect (POI) architecture for datacenter networks. The implementation of the PLNC in the POI at 2.5 Gb/s and 10Gb/s have been experimentally validated while the gains in terms of network layer performances have been investigated by simulation. The results reveal that in order to realize negligible packet drop, the wavelengths usage can be reduced by half while a significant improvement in packet delay especially under high traffic load can be achieved by employing PLNC over POI.
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| 28. |
- Liu, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Values of METTL1-Related Genes and Immune Characteristics in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Inflammation Research. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1178-7031. ; 16, s. 5367-5383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Methyltransferase like 1 (METTL1) regulates epitranscriptomes via the m7G modification in mammalian mRNA and microRNA. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is caused by abnormal immune reactivity and has diverse clinical manifestations. RNA methylation as a mechanism to regulate gene expression is widely implicated in immune regulation. However, the role of m7G in immune response of SLE has not been extensively studied.Patients and Methods: Expression of METTL1 was identified in the public dataset GSE122459 and validated in an independent cohort of SLE patients. We investigated the association between METTL1-expression and clinical manifestations of SLE. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEG) that were correlated with METTL1-expression in GSE122459 were used for functional enrichment analysis. The correlation between infiltrating immune cells and METTL1, as well as candidate biomarkers identified to be correlated with either METTL1 or immune cell infiltration were assessed by single-sample GSEA. Potential mechanisms were explored with Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment. Diagnostic performances of candidate biomarkers in SLE were analyzed.Results: The mRNA and protein expression of METTL1 in SLE patients were significantly decreased in both datasets. METTL1-coexpressed DEGs were enriched in several key immune-related pathways. Activated CD8 T cells, activated CD4 T cells, memory B cells and type 2 helper T cells were different between patients with high and low METTL1 expression. Further, activated CD8 T-cells, activated CD4 T-cells, memory B-cells were correlated with METTL1. The genes of LAMP3, CD83, PDCD1LG2, IGKVD3D-20, IGKV5-2, IGKV2D-30, IGLV3-19 and IGLV4-60 were identified as candidate targets that were correlated with immune cell proportion. Moreover, LAMP3, CD83, and PDCD1LG2 expression were of diagnostic value in SLE as indicated by ROC analysis.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that METTL1 and its candidate targets LAMP3, CD83, PDCD1LG2 may be used for diagnosing SLE and could be explored for developing targeted molecular therapy for SLE.
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| 29. |
- Rajareddy, Singareddy, et al.
(författare)
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p27kip1 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B) controls ovarian development by suppressing follicle endowment and activation and promoting follicle atresia in mice
- 2007
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Ingår i: Molecular Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0888-8809 .- 1944-9917. ; 21:9, s. 2189-2202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In humans, the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian follicle endowment and activation, which are closely related to the control of female reproduction, occurrence of menopause, and related diseases such as premature ovarian failure, are poorly understood. In the current study, we provide several lines of genetic evidence that the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor 1B (commonly known as p27kip1 or p27) controls ovarian development in mice by suppressing follicle endowment and activation, and by promoting follicle death. In p27-deficient (p27−/−) mice, postnatal follicle assembly was accelerated, and the number of endowed follicles was doubled as compared with p27+/+ mice. Moreover, in p27−/− ovaries the primordial follicle pool was prematurely activated once it was endowed, and at the same time the massive follicular death that occurs before sexual maturity was rescued by loss of p27. In early adulthood, however, the overactivated follicular pool in p27−/− ovaries was largely depleted, causing premature ovarian failure. Furthermore, we have extensively studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the above-mentioned phenotypes seen in p27−/− ovaries and have found that p27 controls follicular development by several distinct mechanisms at different stages of development of the ovary. For example, p27 controls oocyte growth by suppressing the functions of Cdk2/Cdc2-cyclin A/E1 in oocytes that are arrested at the diplotene stage of meiosis I. This function of p27 is distinct from its well-known role as a suppressor of cell cycle progression. In addition, we have found that p27 activates the caspase-9-caspase-3-caspase-7-poly (ADP-ribose) polymeraseapoptotic cascade by inhibiting Cdk2/Cdc2-cyclin A/B1 kinase activities in follicles, thereby inducing follicle atresia. Our results suggest that the p27 gene is important in determining mammalian ovarian development. This study therefore provides insight into ovary-borne genetic aberrations that cause defects in folliculogenesis and infertility in humans.
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| 30. |
- Seland, Øyvind, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 13:12, s. 6165-6200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The second version of the coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented and evaluated. NorESM2 is based on the second version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) and shares with CESM2 the computer code infrastructure and many Earth system model components. However, NorESM2 employs entirely different ocean and ocean biogeochemistry models. The atmosphere component of NorESM2 (CAM-Nor) includes a different module for aerosol physics and chemistry, including interactions with cloud and radiation; additionally, CAM-Nor includes improvements in the formulation of local dry and moist energy conservation, in local and global angular momentum conservation, and in the computations for deep convection and air-sea fluxes. The surface components of NorESM2 have minor changes in the albedo calculations and to land and sea-ice models. We present results from simulations with NorESM2 that were carried out for the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Two versions of the model are used: one with lower (similar to 2 degrees) atmosphere-land resolution and one with medium (similar to 1 degrees) atmosphere-land resolution. The stability of the pre-industrial climate and the sen- sitivity of the model to abrupt and gradual quadrupling of CO2 are assessed, along with the ability of the model to simulate the historical climate under the CMIP6 forcings. Compared to observations and reanalyses, NorESM2 represents an improvement over previous versions of NorESM in most aspects. NorESM2 appears less sensitive to greenhouse gas forcing than its predecessors, with an estimated equilibrium climate sensitivity of 2.5 K in both resolutions on a 150-year time frame; however, this estimate increases with the time window and the climate sensitivity at equilibration is much higher. We also consider the model response to future scenarios as defined by selected Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project defined under CMIP6. Under the four scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5), the warming in the period 2090-2099 compared to 1850-1879 reaches 1.3, 2.2, 3.0, and 3.9 K in NorESM2-LM, and 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, and 3.9 K in NorESM-MM, robustly similar in both resolutions. NorESM2-LM shows a rather satisfactory evolution of recent sea-ice area. In NorESM2-LM, an ice-free Arctic Ocean is only avoided in the SSP1-2.6 scenario.
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| 31. |
- Senanayake, Indunil C., et al.
(författare)
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Fungal diversity notes 1611–1716: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on fungal genera and species emphasis in south China
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 122, s. 161-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 115 taxa from three phyla, nine classes, 28 orders, 48 families, and 64 genera are treated. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family, five new genera, 61 new species, five new combinations, one synonym, one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions. Ageratinicolaceae fam. nov. is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales. The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola, Kevinia, Pseudomultiseptospora (Parabambusicolaceae), Marasmiellomycena, and Vizzinia (Porotheleaceae). Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus, Ageratinicola kunmingensis, Allocryptovalsa aceris, Allophoma yuccae, Apiospora cannae, A. elliptica, A. pallidesporae, Boeremia wisteriae, Calycina papaeana, Clypeococcum lichenostigmoides, Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii, Cryphonectria kunmingensis, Diaporthe angustiapiculata, D. campylandrae, D. longipapillata, Diatrypella guangdongense, Dothiorella franceschinii, Endocalyx phoenicis, Epicoccum terminosporum, Fulvifomes karaiensis, F. pannaensis, Ganoderma ghatensis, Hysterobrevium baoshanense, Inocybe avellaneorosea, I. lucida, Jahnula oblonga, Kevinia lignicola, Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis, Laboulbenia caprina, L. clavulata, L. cobiae, L. cosmodisci, L. nilotica, L. omalii, L. robusta, L. similis, L. stigmatophora, Laccaria rubriporus, Lasiodiplodia morindae, Lyophyllum agnijum, Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis, Melomastia beihaiensis, Nemania guangdongensis, Nigrograna thailandica, Nigrospora ficuum, Oxydothis chinensis, O. yunnanensis, Petriella thailandica, Phaeoacremonium chinensis, Phialocephala chinensis, Phytophthora debattistii, Polyplosphaeria nigrospora, Pronectria loweniae, Seriascoma acutispora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Stictis anomianthi, Tarzetta tibetensis, Tarzetta urceolata, Tetraploa obpyriformis, Trichoglossum beninense, and Tricoderma pyrrosiae. We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var. brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.
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| 32. |
- Tang, Yu-xing, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of biomass-coal blending ratio by C-14 measurement in co-firing flue gas
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal Of Zhejiang University-Science A. - 1673-565X. ; 20:7, s. 475-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To verify the feasibility of using radiocarbon detection for the measurement of the biomass-coal blending ratio in co-firing heat and power plants, C-14 activity detection technology that uses benzene synthesis as the sample preparation method and a liquid scintillation counter as the detection instrument was studied. A benzene synthesis system was built to enrich carbon in the combustion flue gas in the form of benzene. The benzene sample was mixed with scintillator (butyl-PBD) and C-14 activity was measured using a liquid scintillation counter (Quantulus 1220). Three kinds of coal and six kinds of biomass were tested repeatedly. The measured C-14 activity was 0.3365 DPM/gC in Zhundong lignite, 0.2701 DPM/gC in Shenmu bitumite, and 0.3060 DPM/gC in Changzhi anthracite. These values were much higher than the instrument background activity. For the co-fired experiment, we used groups with biomass ratios (based on the carbon) of 6.51%, 12.95%, and 20.75%. A modified empirical expression to determine the biomass, coal blending ratio based on the C-14 activity measured in the co-firing flue gas, was proposed by analyzing and verifying measurement accuracy. From the C-14 measurements of the co-fired samples, the corresponding estimated biomass ratios were (5.540.48)%, (12.310.67)%, and (19.490.90)%. The absolute measurement error was around 1% for a typical biomass-coal co-firing application.
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| 33. |
- Wang, Anqi, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55:12, s. 2065-2074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
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| 34. |
- Wang, J., et al.
(författare)
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Final report of the CCQM-K145 : Toxic and essential elements in bovine liver
- 2020
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Ingår i: Metrologia. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0026-1394 .- 1681-7575. ; 57:1 A
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liver plays a major role in metabolism and acts as a source of energy for the body by storing glycogen. With the growing interest and investigation in the biological effects in recent years, it is important and necessary to develop accurate and comparable analytical methods for elements in bio-samples. It has, however, been 10 years since the tissue sample (bovine liver) of CCQM-K49 key comparison. The purpose of CCQM-K145 is to ensure the comparable and traceable measurement results for essential and toxic elements such as P, S, Zn, Mn, Ni, Mo, Sr, Cr, Co, Pb, As and Hg in bovine liver among NMIs and other designated measurement bodies worldwide. The comparison was agreed by IAWG as 6th IAWG Benchmarking Exercise with Zn and Ni as exemplary elements at the meeting in Korea in the early October 2016. The results of CCQM-K145 are expected to cover the measurement capability and support CMCs claiming for inorganic elements in the similar biological tissue materials and food samples. 30 NMIs and DIs registered in CCQM-K145. With respect to the methodology, a variety of techniques such as IDMS, ICP-OES, ICP-MS(non-ID), AAS and NAA were adopted by the participants. For Zn, Ni, Sr, Pb and Hg measurements, most participants chose ID-ICP-MS method, which showed the better performance in terms of consistency and reliability of the measurement results. In aspect of the traceability for the measurement results in CCQM-K145, most participants used their own (in house) CRMs or other NMI's CRMs to guarantee trace to SI unit. Most participants used similar matrix CRMs for quality control or method validation. Base on different statistic way to calculate the reference mass fraction values and associated uncertainties for each measurand, removal of the suspected extreme values, and discussion at the IAWG meetings, the median values are proposed as the KCRV for Zn, Ni, Mn, Mo, Cr, Pb and Hg; the arithmetic mean values are proposed as the KCRV for P, S, Sr, Co and As. In general, the performances of the majority of CCQM-K145 participants are very good, illustrating their measurement capabilities for Zn, Ni, P, S, Mn, Mo, Sr, Cr, As, Co, Pb and Hg in a complex biological tissue matrix. Bovine liver contains many kinds of nutrients and microelements, it can be regarded as a typical representative material of biological tissue and food. In CCQM-K145, the analytes involved alkali metals and transition elements, metalloids/semi-metals and non metals with a range of mass fraction from mg/g to μg/kg. CCQM-K145 also tested the ability of NMIs/DIs to determine elements that were easy to be lost and polluted, and interfered significantly. The chemical pretreatment methods of samples used in the comparison is suitable for general food and biological matrix samples. A variety of measurement methods used in the comparison represent the main instrumental technology for elemental analysis. Therefore, for supporting CMC claim, CCQM-K145 is readily applicable to measurement of more elements in a wide range of biological materials (including liquids and solids) and meat products. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
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| 35. |
- Wang, Xiaohua, et al.
(författare)
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Tacrolimus Causes Hypertension by Increasing Vascular Contractility via RhoA (Ras Homolog Family Member A)/ROCK (Rho-Associated Protein Kinase) Pathway in Mice
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 79:10, s. 2228-2238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To provide tacrolimus is first-line treatment after liver and kidney transplantation. However, hypertension and nephrotoxicity are common tacrolimus side effects that limit its use. Although tacrolimus-related hypertension is well known, the underlying mechanisms are not. Here, we test whether tacrolimus-induced hypertension involves the RhoA (Ras homolog family member A)/ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase) pathway in male C57Bl/6 mice. methods: Intra-arterial blood pressure was measured under anesthesia. The reactivity of renal afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries were assessed in vitro using microperfusion and wire myography, respectively. Results: Tacrolimus induced a transient rise in systolic arterial pressure that was blocked by the RhoA/ROCK inhibitor Fasudil (12.0 +/- 0.9 versus 3.2 +/- 0.7; P<0.001). Moreover, tacrolimus reduced the glomerular filtration rate, which was also prevented by Fasudil (187 +/- 20 versus 281 +/- 8.5; P<0.001). Interestingly, tacrolimus enhanced the sensitivity of afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries to Ang II (angiotensin II), likely due to increased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and sensitization. Fasudil prevented increased Ang II-sensitivity and blocked Ca2+ mobilization and sensitization. Preincubation of mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with tacrolimus activated the RhoA/ROCK/MYPT-1 (myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1) pathway. Further, tacrolimus increased cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species generation in afferent arterioles (107 +/- 5.9 versus 163 +/- 6.4; P<0.001) and in cultured mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (100 +/- 7.5 versus 160 +/- 23.2; P<0.01). Finally, the reactive oxygen species scavenger Tempol inhibited tacrolimus-induced Ang II hypersensitivity in afferent arterioles and mesenteric arteries. Conclusions: The RhoA/ROCK pathway may play an important role in tacrolimus-induced hypertension by enhancing Ang II-specific vasoconstriction, and reactive oxygen species may participate in this process by activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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| 36. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(författare)
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The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
- Zhang, Kang-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria as a nutrition assessment tool for patients with cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). - : Elsevier. - 0899-9007 .- 1873-1244. ; 91-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Since the launch of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), there has been an urgent need to validate the new criteria, especially in patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate and validate the use of the GLIM criteria in patients with cancer.Method: This multicenter cohort study compared the GLIM with the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (sPG-SGA). The 1-y survival rate, multivariate Cox regression analysis, k-value, sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and time-dependent ROC analysis were applied to identify the performance of the GLIM.Results: Among the 3777 patients in the study, 50.9% versus 49.1% or 36.3% versus 63.7% of the patients were defined as well-nourished and malnourished by GLIM or sPG-SGA, respectively. GLIM presented moderate consistency (k = 0.54, P < 0.001), fair sensitivity and specificity (70.5 and 88.3%) compared with sPG-SGA. There was no difference in the 1-y survival rate in malnourished patients (76.9 versus 76.4%, P = 0.711), but it was significantly different in well-nourished patients (85.8 versus 90.3%, P < 0.001) between GLIM and sPG-SGA. The above difference was eliminated after omitted nutritional risk screening (NRS)-2002 screening before GLIM (88.1 versus 90.3%, P = 0.078). Omitting NRS-2002 screening before GLIM did not change the 1-y survival rate in well-nourished or malnourished patients by GLIM with NRS-2002 screening (76.9 versus 78.9%, P = 0.099; 85.8% versus 88.1%, P = 0.092) although it significantly raised the rate of malnutrition to 72.5%. The combination of "weight loss and cancer" showed better performance than other combinations.Conclusions: GLIM could be a convenient alternative to sPG-SGA in nutrition assessment for patients with cancer. The combination of "weight loss and cancer" was better than other combinations. Considering the higher risk for malnutrition in patients with cancer, NRS-2002 screening may not be needed before GLIM.
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| 38. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Scored-GLIM as an effective tool to assess nutrition status and predict survival in patients with cancer
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 40:6, s. 4225-4233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) released new universal criteria for diagnosing and grading malnutrition, and calls for further investigations not only in different clinical setting but also in GLIM itself including reference value, combination and weight of different GLIM criteria. This study aimed to weigh the GLIM criteria and develop a scored-GLIM system, and then validate as well as evaluate its application in nutritional assessment and survival prediction for patients with cancer. Design: A total of 3547 patients in the primary cohort and 415 patients in the validation cohort were included in the study. Patients' nutritional status were retrospectively assessed using the GLIM criteria. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between nutritional status and overall survival (OS). A nomogram was produced to quantify the GLIM criteria and develop the scored-GLIM system. C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve analyses were performed to validate the predictive accuracy and discriminatory capacity of the scored-GLIM. Finally, a decision curve was applied to assess the clinical utility of the scored-GLIM system. Results: In the primary cohort, 70.3% of patients were diagnosed as malnutrition. The malnutrition severity grading according to the GLIM criteria were associated with the prognosis of patients with cancer (HR 1.42,1.23 to 1.65 for moderate malnutrition; HR 1.80,1.84 to 2.09 for severe malnutrition). The weight of each GLIM criteria was calculated, and unintentional weight loss was the most determining factor acting upon mortality (HR 1.82, 1.64 to 2.10 for stage II and HR 1.50, 1.31 to 1.73 for stage I). A nomogram was constructed by four factors of GLIM to weigh the GLIM criteria. The areas under the ROC curve were 65.3 (1-year ROC) and 65.5 (3-year ROC), and the C-index was 0.62, and the calibration curves fitted well. Decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the scored-GLIM system. Conclusion: The accuracy and net clinical benefit of scored-GLIM system were similar to scored-PG-SGA but higher than GLIM both in nutrition assessment and in survival prediction for patients with cancer. These findings, along with its time-savings advantages over scored-PG-SGA, suggest scored-GLIM be a better nutritional assessment tool. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
- Zheng, Nianye, et al.
(författare)
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Magnesium facilitates the healing of atypical femoral fractures : A single-cell transcriptomic study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - : Elsevier. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 52, s. 43-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bisphosphonates (BPs)-associated atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) present with impaired fracture healing, yet the underlying mechanism is unclear, which prevents the development of effective therapy. Peripheral sensory nerve has been shown to regulate fracture healing via releasing neuropeptides. Here we show that long-term BPs pre-treatment leads to fracture non-union in rats, characterized by reduced expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, a predominant type of neuropeptides) and abundant fibrous tissues in the non-bridged fracture gap, mimicking clinical AFFs. By using single-cell RNA-sequencing, long-term BPs treatment was identified to promote transition of progenitor cells into a specific cluster of fibroblasts that actively deposit dense extracellular matrix (ECM) to prevent fracture callus bridging. Administration of exogenous CGRP at early stages of fracture repair, in contrast, eliminates the ECM-secreting fibroblast cluster, attenuates fibrogenesis, and facilitates callus bridging, suggesting CGRP is a promising agent to facilitate AFF healing. Accordingly, we have developed an innovative magnesium (Mg) containing hybrid intramedullary nail fixation system (Mg-IMN) to effectively rescue BPs-impaired fracture healing via elevating CGRP synthesis and release. Such device optimizes the fracture healing in BPs-pretreated rats, comparable to direct administration of CGRP. These findings address the indispensable role of CGRP in advancing the healing of AFFs and develop translational strategies to accelerate AFF healing by taking advantage of the CGRP-stimulating effect of Mg-based biodegradable orthopedic implant. The study also indicates fibrosis could be targeted by augmenting CGRP expression to accelerate fracture healing even under challenging scenarios where fibroblasts are aberrantly activated.
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