| 1. |
- Ansebo, L., et al.
(författare)
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Antennal and behavioural response of codling moth Cydia pomonella to plant volatiles
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of applied entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 128:7, s. 488-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of host volatile compounds attractive to codling moth Cydia pomonella, a most important insect of apple, will contribute to the development of safe control techniques. Synthetic apple volatiles in two doses were tested for antennal and behavioural activity in codling moth. Female antennae strongly responded to (Z)3-hexenol, (Z)3-hexenyl benzoate, (Z)3-hexenyl hexanoate, (+/-)-linalool and E,E-alpha-farnesene. Two other compounds eliciting a strong antennal response were the pear ester, ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, and its corresponding aldehyde, E,E-2,4-decadienal, which is a component of the larval defence secretion of the European apple sawfly. Attraction of codling moth to compounds eliciting a strong antennal response was tested in a wind tunnel. Male moths were best attracted to a blend of (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, (E)-beta-farnesene and ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate. The aldehyde E,E-2,4-decadienal had an antagonistic effect when added to the above mixture.
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| 2. |
- Hambäck, Peter A., et al.
(författare)
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More intraguild prey than pest species in arachnid diets may compromise biological control in apple orchards
- 2021
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Ingår i: Basic and Applied Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1439-1791 .- 1618-0089. ; 57, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the full diet of natural enemies is necessary for evaluating their role as biocontrol agents, because many enemy species do not only feed on pests but also on other natural enemies. Such intraguild predation can compromise pest control if the consumed enemies are actually better for pest control than their predators. In this study, we used gut metabarcoding to quantify diets of all common arachnid species in Swedish and Spanish apple orchards. For this purpose, we designed new primers that reduce amplification of arachnid predators while retaining high amplification of all prey groups. Results suggest that most arachnids consume a large range of putative pest species on apple but also a high proportion of other natural enemies, where the latter constitute almost a third of all prey sequences. Intraguild predation also varied between regions, with a larger content of heteropteran bugs in arachnid guts from Spanish orchards, but not between orchard types. There was also a tendency for cursorial spiders to have more intraguild prey in the gut than web spiders. Two groups that may be overlooked as important biocontrol agents in apple orchards seem to be theridiid web spiders and opilionids, where the latter had several small-bodied pest species in the gut. These results thus provide important guidance for what arachnid groups should be targets of management actions, even though additional information is needed to quantify all direct and indirect interactions occurring in the complex arthropod food webs in fruit orchards.
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