| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
A study of the performance of risk and vulnerability assessments by Swedish Public Agencies
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Disaster and Risk Conference: Integrative Risk Management in a Changing World - Pathways to a Resilient Society, IDRC Davos 2012. ; , s. 15-18
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk and vulnerability assessments (RVA) are vital components of the work conducted by public agencies at different levels, as part of the processes for governing and managing risks in the society. In Sweden, public agencies at all levels are required by legislation to perform risk and vulnerability assessments within their respective area of responsibility. The present paper presents a study of how Swedish municipalities, county administrative boards and national authorities work with RVAs, with a special focus on three aspects of such assessments that are highlighted in the legislation: vital societal functions, critical dependencies, and capability assessment. The main data collection technique was semi-structured interviews and a total of 25 actors were included and interviewed. The goal was to achieve a good representation of the different actors that perform RVAs. Thus 5 national authorities, 5 county administrative boards, and 15 municipalities were chosen in order to obtain a representative functional distribution (in terms of national authorities responsible for different sectors), geographic distribution as well as size distribution. The study shows that there is rather large variety of approaches, perspectives and views adopted by different actors, all with different advantages and drawbacks. It is argued that the findings of the study can be used to improve the RVA-practices of public authorities.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards a systems-oriented framework for analysing and evaluating emergency response
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. - : Wiley. - 1468-5973 .- 0966-0879. ; 18:1, s. 14-25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information can be provided by studying and evaluating past emergencies and the response in connection to them. This information would then be useful in efforts directed at preventing, mitigating and/or preparing for future emergencies. However, the analysis and evaluation of emergency response operations is not an easy task, especially when the operation involves several cooperating actors (e.g. the fire and rescue services, the police, the emergency medical services, etc.). Here, we identify and discuss four aspects of this challenge: (1) issues related to the values governing the evaluation, (2) issues related to the complexity of the systems involved, (3) issues related to the validity of the information on which the analysis and evaluation is based and (4) issues related to the limiting conditions under which the emergency response system operated. An outline of a framework for such an analysis and evaluation, influenced by systems theory, accident investigation theories and programme evaluation theories dealing with the above aspects, is introduced, discussed and exemplified using empirical results from a case study.We conclude that the proposed framework may provide a better understanding of how an emergency response system functioned during a specific operation, and help to identify the potential events and/or circumstances that could significantly affect the performance of the emergency response system, either negatively or positively. The insights gained from using the framework may allow the actors involved in the response operation to gain a better understanding of how the emergency response system functioned as a whole, as well as how the actors performed as individual components of the system. Furthermore, the information can also be useful for actors preparing for future emergencies
|
|
| 6. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Utveckling av kommunala risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport utgör redovisning av ett arbete som LUCRAM (Lunds universitets centrum för riskanalys och riskhantering) har genomfört på uppdrag av Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB). Uppdraget heter ”Studie om föreskrifters inverkan på kommuners risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser avseende jämförbarhet och enhetlighet”. Inom detta uppdrag har LUCRAM genomfört en dokumentstudie av kommunala risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser i Skåne och Örebro län, samt en enkätstudie riktad till kommunerna i ovanstående län. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka om, och i så fall på vilket sätt, enhetligheten och jämförbarheten mellan olika kommunala risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser har ändrats i samband med införandet av MSB:s föreskrifter MSBFS 2010:6.
|
|
| 7. |
- Cedergren, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Tracking the implementation of a risk management process in a public sector organisation – A longitudinal study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results from a longitudinal study of the process of developing and implementing a method for risk assessment in a public sector organisation over a period of 3.5 years. The study explores how people involved in this process viewed factors influencing the implementation and what effects the risk management process gave rise to. While a large share of previous research on this topic has been confined to analysing the final product in terms of the documented risk assessment report, this study explores factors affecting the process leading to such outcome. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire used on five occasions during the study period. The results from this questionnaire were complemented with an interview study to gain deeper insights and understanding of factors shaping the risk management process. The findings show a maturing process over time where the most clearly visible impact from the risk management process includes an increased risk awareness among persons involved. However, the results also indicate that the outcomes from the risk management process were only to a limited extent spread to the rest of the organisation and persons at the management level showed a declining commitment to the risk management process over the 3.5-year period. Methodologically, the paper underlines the value of adopting a longitudinal research design in the area of risk management to allow for an exploration of trends and patterns arising over time, which contributes to a deeper and more contextualised understanding of a risk management process compared to studies that only rely on capturing snapshots of an organisation's current work practices.
|
|
| 8. |
- Granåsen, Magdalena, 1978-
(författare)
-
Exploring C2 Capability and Effectiveness in Challenging Situations : Interorganizational Crisis Management, Military Operations and Cyber Defence
- 2019
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern societies are affected by various threats and hazards, including natural disasters, cyber-attacks, extreme weather events and inter-state conflicts. Managing these challenging situations requires immediate actions, suspension of ordinary procedures, decision making under uncertainty and coordinated action. In other words, challenging situations put high demands on the command and control (C2) capability. To strengthen the capability of C2, it is vital to identify the prerequisites for effective coordination and direction within the domain of interest. This thesis explores C2 capability and effectiveness in three domains: interorganizational crisis management, military command and control, and cyber defence operations. The thesis aims to answer three research questions: (1) What constitutes C2 capability? (2) What constitutes C2 effectiveness? and (3) How can C2 effectiveness be assessed? The work was carried out as two case studies and one systematic literature review. The main contributions of the thesis are the identification of perspectives of C2 capability in challenging situations and an overview of approaches to C2 effectiveness assessment. Based on the results of the three studies, six recurring perspectives of capability in the domains studied were identified: interaction (collaboration), direction and coordination, relationships, situation awareness, resilience and preparedness. In the domains there are differences concerning which perspectives that are most emphasized in order obtain C2 capability. C2 effectiveness is defined as the extent to which a C2 system is successful in achieving its intended result. The thesis discusses the interconnectedness of performance and effectiveness measures, and concludes that there is not a united view on the difference between measures of effectiveness and measures of performance. Different approaches to effectiveness assessment were identified, where assessment may be conducted based on one specific issue, in relation to a defined goal for a C2 function or using a more exploratory approach.
|
|
| 9. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
An Operational Definition of Emergency Response Capabilities
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Disaster Recovery and Relief: Current & Future Approaches (TIEMS 2007).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Well developed emergency response capabilities are crucial in order to keep the risk in a community at low levels. Analysing these capabilities before an emergency occurs is important since it can identify weaknesses and possibilities for improvements. To start off from an operational definition is a possible point of departure in such an analysis. In this paper, therefore, we develop an operational definition of emergency response capabilities, which builds on systems theory and an operational definition of risk. The definition includes three essential elements; the task to which the capability is related, measures of how well that task can be performed and a description of the context affecting the performance of that particular task. The definition makes clear that the context might have large effects on how well a task can be performed and that there are uncertainties both regarding the context and how well a task can be performed given a context. Furthermore, we argue that it should be possible to make judgements about any statements that are made in the analysis regarding their validity and therefore the tasks and performance measures must be defined accordingly. The conclusion is that the operational definition provides an analytic structure which can help actors to gain knowledge about their emergency response capabilities and limits thereof.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluating the Seriousness of Disasters: An Empirical Study of Preferences
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825. ; 6:1, s. 33-54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In making societal decisions concerning hazards with potentially disastrous consequences it is important to have soundly based knowledge of how people evaluate the seriousness of disasters. In the present study a group of students evaluated the seriousness of disasters described in terms of four basic attributes (and their ranges): number of fatalities (0-1000), number of serious injuries (0-4000), economic loss (0-40 billion SEK), and cause of the disaster (natural, accidental, terrorism). Attribute weights were elicited by two separate methods, which taken together provides insight into the stability and the uncertainty of the weights elicited. Most participants regarded attributes related to physical harm, especially the number of fatalities, a finding that, however, must be seen in relation to the ranges of the attributes. In addition, the cause of a disaster also affected many of the participants’ judgments of its seriousness. The findings of this paper are of value to societal decision making, particularly in the case of projects of small to medium size in which specific elicitations of stakeholders’ values are rarely made.
|
|
| 12. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying critical components in technical infrastructure networks
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability. - 1748-006X. ; 222:2, s. 235-243
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method for identifying and ranking critical components and sets of components in technical infrastructures is presented. The criticality of a component or a set of components is defined as the vulnerability of the system to failure in a specific component, or set of components. The identification of critical components is increasingly difficult when considering multiple simultaneous failures. This is especially difficult when dealing with failures of multiple components with synergistic consequences, i.e. consequences that cannot be calculated by adding the consequences of the individual failures. The proposed method addresses this problem. In exemplifying the method, an analysis of an electric power distribution system in a Swedish municipality is presented. It is concluded that the proposed method facilitates the identification of critical sets of components for large-scale technical infrastructures.
|
|
| 13. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying Critical Components of Electric Power Systems: A Network Analytic Approach
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Risk, Reliability and Societal Safety, Proceedings of the European Safety and Reliability Conference 2007. ; , s. 889-896, s. 889-897
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a method for identifying and ranking critical components and sets of components in technical infrastructures. Criticality is defined as the vulnerability of the system to failure in a specific component, or set of components. The identification of critical components is increasingly difficult when considering multiple simultaneous failures, especially component failures with synergistic effects. The proposed method addresses this problem. Furthermore, it is applied to an electric power distribution system in a Swedish municipality, using a simplified system model to calculate the consequences of component failures. We conclude that the proposed method facilitates the identification of critical failure sets and components for large-scale technical infrastructures. Using the proposed method it is possible to gain insights about the sys tem that otherwise might be overlooked.
|
|
| 14. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Strategies for aggregating risk information in a societal safety context
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 149, s. 11-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk assessment is a useful tool to inform decision-making when it comes to ensuring the continuous operation of critical societal functions. It can be used on many levels within an organization or on multiple societal levels. One way to conduct risk assessments on a higher system level, such as on national level, is to aggregate risk information from lower-level assessments, e.g. from the regional level. However, the process of aggregating risk information can be highly complex and different strategies for such aggregation are suitable depending on the underlying risk information, the characteristics of the risks that this information represents, and the analysts’ intentions in the aggregation process. To use a particular aggregation strategy, different conditions must be met. In addition, throughout the aggregation process, a range of both generic and strategy-specific challenges require attention and careful consideration. Little previous research has focused on describing and systematizing different aggregation strategies, including description of the conditions and challenges for employing the strategies. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to further develop the conceptual basis of aggregation and to propose a set of common aggregation strategies that can be used within the area of societal safety. Furthermore, the paper also aims at describing the conditions and challenges of employing the strategies. In total, six strategies are proposed based on what risk information that needs to be aggregated (likelihoods, consequences or neither). In addition, the aggregation can be simple, in cases where a set of conditions are met, or more complex where overlaps and interactions between scenarios must be considered. The framework can be used to inform the process of aggregating risk information and has relevance across a range of different application areas.
|
|
| 15. |
- Johansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysing societal vulnerability to perturbations in electric distribution systems
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Complex Network and Infrastructure Protection.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable electrical power supply is a requirement for the modern society, therefore it is important to analyse the vulnerability of the electric power system. Network analysis has previously been used to analyse the vulnerability of electric transmission systems, however recent events in Sweden have shown that perturbations in distribution systems also can cause severe societal consequences. Thus, we argue that vulnerability analysis at the distribution level is equally important. Furthermore, previous work has focused on technical aspects of the system and in this paper we take a step towards incorporating societal aspects of vulnerability by suggesting new network analytic measures. We analyse the distribution systems in two Swedish municipalities using the proposed measures. We conclude that the proposed measures can increase the value of using network analysis when analysing societal vulnerability to perturbations in electric distribution systems and that such analysis also can be useful in emergency mitigation and preparedness planning.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Johansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysing the vulnerability of electric distribution systems: A step towards incorporating the societal consequences of disruptions
- 2007
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825. ; 4:1, s. 4-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable electrical power supply is a prerequisite for the modern society, and if it fails it can cause severe consequences in terms of economic losses and even fatalities. It is thus important to analyse the vulnerability of the electric power system. Network analysis has previously been used to analyse the vulnerability of electric transmission systems, however recent events in Sweden have shown that perturbations in distribution systems also can cause severe societal consequences. Thus, we argue that vulnerability analysis at the distribution level is equally important. Furthermore, previous work has focused on technical aspects of the system and in this paper we take a step towards incorporating societal aspects of vulnerability by suggesting new network analytic measures. We analyse the distribution systems in two Swedish municipalities using the proposed measures. We conclude that the proposed measures can increase the value of using network analysis when analysing societal vulnerability to perturbations in electric distribution systems and that such analysis also can be useful in emergency mitigation and preparedness planning.
|
|
| 18. |
- Johansson, Johas, et al.
(författare)
-
Tekniska Infrastruktures sårbarhet
- 2010
-
Ingår i: FRIVA - risk, sårbarhet och förmåga. - 9789163376917 ; , s. 111-128
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 19. |
- Lindbom, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Capability assessments - How to make them useful for decision-making
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 31, s. 251-259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Capability assessments are becoming increasingly common as part of risk management activities worldwide. Despite this, there is no consensus concerning how these assessments are best conducted and presented. Recent studies suggest that two factors may influence the usefulness of capability assessments for decision-making: namely, whether the assessment includes descriptions of the resources available to an actor, and how well this actor can accomplish specific tasks. The present study was carried out to investigate the importance of including information on these factors in capability assessments. The experimental study conducted involved four fictive versions of capability assessments, differing in whether they included information about resources and tasks. Over 200 risk management professionals rated how useful they perceived each version to be as the basis for decision-making. The results show that it is important to include specific information on resources and tasks in capability assessments, and that the assessments including both were most useful, from a decision-making perspective.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Månsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
On common terms with shared risks - Studying the communication of risk between local, regional and national authorities in Sweden
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 13:September 2015, s. 441-453
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uncommon categorization, i.e. disparities in how similar terms and information is interpreted, coded and categorized, has been shown to impede inter-agency communication and collective sense-making. This study focuses on the presence and effects of uncommon categorizations in disaster risk management systems. We use the Swedish disaster risk management system as our case, and our empirical data consist of more than 120 reports from risk and vulnerability assessments, supplemented by 45 semi-qualitative interviews with officials who are involved in the realization of such assessments. Apart from investigating the causes and effects of uncommon categorization, we also map its extent and character, and its development between the years 2010 and 2014. The study shows that uncommon categorization is prevalent in the Swedish disaster risk management system. We argue that this has an extremely detrimental effect on the ability to integrate risk information, resulting in less useful bases for decisions and, thus, in a less efficient disaster risk management system. Nevertheless, we can also see signs of a reduction in uncommon categorization in recent years.
|
|
| 23. |
- Pramanik, Roshni, et al.
(författare)
-
Motivating factors towards willingness to contribute in collaborative tasks: A crisis cooperation perspective
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Safety and Reliability of Complex Engineered Systems - Proceedings of the 25th European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2015. - : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138028791 ; , s. 237-243
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction among various stakeholder organizations in modern crisis response is very similar to negotiation where each organization has its own goal in addition to a common goal. Decision makers in stakeholder organizations most often have to settle for win-win situations to attain higher joint benefit. In such cases willingness to contribute in joint tasks becomes a prerequisite. In our present study performed with 111 crisis management professionals from various stakeholder organizations in decision making roles, we study familiarity and expectation to future cooperation as constructs that can motivate decision makers to be more willing to contribute to joint tasks in crisis response.
|
|
| 24. |
- Pramanik, Roshni, et al.
(författare)
-
Organizational Adaptation in Multi-Stakeholder Crisis Response : An Experimental Study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. - : Wiley. - 0966-0879 .- 1468-5973. ; 23:4, s. 234-245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern day crises demand organizations to collaborate and adapt to new roles, functions and structures. In such situations, lack of collaborative behaviour and openness between organizations can result in reduced adaptive ability. Therefore, it is important to facilitate collaboration between organizations. We have studied the extent to which crisis managers are prepared to work with personnel and resources from organizations other than their own when responding to crises. An experiment was designed with four different organizations in Sweden, which involved decision making concerning whether the participants systematically favoured their own organization over others. Findings indicate that increasing familiarity and expectation of future cooperation with other organizations increased the likelihood that decision makers would be prepared to work with other organizations in joint crisis management.
|
|
| 25. |
- Tehler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Analys av sårbarhet med hjälp av nätverksmodeller
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the research concerned with vulnerability analysis of technical infrastructure networks conducted in the research framework programme called FRIVA. The report reviews how network analysis has been used to analyse the vulnerability of systems that are possible to model as networks, such as technical infrastructure systems. In addition, it proposes how these methods can be developed in order to better suit vulnerability analysis conducted with a societal perspective. In order to show the applicability of these methods, they are applied to both hypothetical and real-world systems.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Tehler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Evidence-based disaster risk management : A scoping review focusing on risk, resilience and vulnerability assessment
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Progress in Disaster Science. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0617. ; 23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A plethora of methods exist to aid decision-making in mitigating disaster risk, many of which fall into the categories of risk, vulnerability and/or resilience assessment methods. The objective of the present study is to provide an overview of these methods, with a particular focus on evidence that supports their practical implementation. A scoping study of scientific literature reveal 97 distinct methods. Despite the growing interest in publishing new methods, there seems to be a lack of focus on demonstrating their effectiveness in practice. The few contributions that do include some forms of evaluation typically do so by comparing the method’s output with disaster data, by contrasting it with the output of other methods, by having experts evaluate the structure of the method, or by testing the method in practice and evaluating its usage. To further strengthen the relevance of research on this topic, increased attention should be paid to this matter. A good starting point would be to use the ways of evaluation identified in this study and systematically present evidence regarding the practical usefulness of methods for risk, vulnerability and/or resilience assessment.
|
|
| 28. |
- Tehler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Metoder för risk- och sårbarhetsanalys ur ett systemperspektiv
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An operational definition of vulnerability is proposed. The definition is used to describe and analyse different methods for risk and vulnerability analysis. Several problems related to analysing the vulnerability of a complex sociotechnical system to a specific perturbation are identified and discussed. Suggestions of how risk- and vulnerability analyses can be performed for such systems are presented.
|
|
| 29. |
- Tehler, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Standardization of disaster risk management - Challenges and opportunities
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Standardization and Risk Governance : A Multi-Disciplinary Approach - A Multi-Disciplinary Approach. - London : Routledge. - 9780429290817 ; , s. 61-78
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter discusses the question of whether increasing the level of standardization in a disaster risk management system will increase its effectiveness. Based on the results from several studies conducted in the context of the Swedish disaster risk management system, the authors argue that there are both positive and negative effects of increased standardization. More precisely, studies based on experiments indicate that increasing the extent of standardization of risk descriptions will probably facilitate the work of combining several sources of information in a risk assessment. But a study based on interviews and document reviews indicates that increasing the level of standardization might also lead to a reduction of motivation to conduct risk assessments. Thus, although increasing the level of standardization in a disaster risk management context might be an opportunity to facilitate the work of assessing risk, it might also result in new challenges.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Analys och värdering av räddningstjänstens operativa förmåga
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att analysera och värdera räddningstjänstens operativa förmåga är nödvändigt för att tydligt och transparent kunna dimensionera verksamheten. I den här rapporten presenterar vi ett förslag på hur sådana analyser och värderingar kan genomföras med fokus på skydd mot olyckor och kommunal räddningstjänst. Rapporten är framtagen på uppdrag av Malmö stad och Lunds kommun, vilket innebär att den data som används kommer från Räddningstjänsten Syd.Att ta fram en metod för värdering av operativ förmåga innebär att man måste göra avvägningar mellan viktiga aspekter. Som vägledning för att göra dessa avvägningar inledde vi arbetet med att fastställa följande kriterier för metoden: 1) Dimensionering av räddningstjänst ska ske med utgångspunkt i riskbild och gällande lagstiftning, 2) Metoden ska vara evidensbaserad, 3) Analyser som genomförs med metoden ska vara transparenta och spårbara, 4) Metoden ska täcka in alla möjliga händelser som räddningstjänsten kan tänkas hantera, 5) Metoden ska vara data-driven och 6) Systemet måste kunna hantera professionella bedömningar.Utifrån dessa kriterier utvecklades och motiverades ett förslag på hur räddningstjänstens operativa förmåga kan analyseras och värderas. Förslaget innehåller definitioner av nyckelbegrepp, och förslag på hur dessa begrepp praktiskt kan användas i analyserna. Det kan viktigaste begreppet är operativ förmåga. I detta sammanhang, då fokus är på räddningstjänst och olyckor, föreslår vi att operativ förmåga definieras som räddningstjänstens ”möjligheter att åstadkomma positiv effekt med avseende på det skyddsvärda, givet att en olycka har inträffat”.Med utgångspunkt i definitionen beskriver vi därefter hur man kan genomföra en analys som resulterar i en beskrivning av operativ förmåga. Denna beskrivning kan sedan presenteras som ett eller flera mått på operativ förmåga. Vi visar också hur sådana mått kan användas som underlag för att fatta beslut om räddningstjänstens operativa förmåga. Rapporten presenterar konkreta exempel på hur man skulle kunna analysera om skyddet som räddningstjänstens operativa förmåga upprätthåller är tillfredsställande och likvärdigt. Dessa exempel tar sin utgångspunkt i olyckstyperna brand i bostad och drunkning.I slutet av rapporten diskuterar vi hur metoden för analys och värdering av operativ förmåga skulle kunna implementeras i praktiken, samt hur utvecklingsarbetet skulle kunna fortsätta i framtiden.
|
|
| 32. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Analytical Input to Emergency Preparedness at the Municipal Level – a Case Study
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Disaster Recovery and Relief: Current & Future Approaches (TIEMS 2007).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper an approach for employing risk and vulnerability analyses as the basis for emergency preparedness planning is discussed and exemplified using a case study. The study consisted of three connected parts: a broad scope hazard identification and analysis, an assessment of potential assistance needs should any of the hazards materialise and finally a mapping of actors and dependencies. The case study was conducted as a series of workshops, involving key actors from the studied municipality. Some thirty hazard scenarios, originating from five different categories; accidents, epidemics, infrastructure/utilities breakdown/interruption, criminal activity and socially induced scenarios were identified, described and initially evaluated in terms of possible consequences over a range of predefined attributes. In the next step, an analysis of potential assistance needs that may evolve during the identified scenarios was undertaken. Furthermore, an effort was made to identify municipal actors of central importance in the management of potential emergency scenarios, their respective tasks, resources and dependence on service from various technical infrastructures, other actors etc. Examples from the resulting overview of potential emergency scenarios, generated assistance needs and emergency management actors, tasks, resources and dependencies are presented and discussed, alongside with some implications for societal preparedness activities.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluating risk and vulnerability assessments: a study of the regional level in Sweden
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825. ; 9:1, s. 76-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk and Vulnerability Assessments (RVA) are performed on many levels of society by many different organisations. In the present paper we discuss how one can investigate if a system for RVA used in a country or a region fulfils its intended purpose. We show how the purpose of the Swedish system can be related to the actual form of the individual RVA documents. This is followed by a content analysis of all RVAs performed by the 21 County administrative boards (regional level) in Sweden in 2008 and 2010. Several of the documents do not display the necessary properties that would allow other agencies to use them as a basis for the national overview of risks and vulnerabilities. This means that the system for RVA cannot be said to achieve one of its purposes. Implications of this are discussed and suggestions on how to address this issue are given. Keywords:
|
|
| 35. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk preferences regarding multiple fatalities and some implications for societal risk decision making-an empirical study
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Risk Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-9877 .- 1466-4461. ; 9:7, s. 703-715
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk preferences related to accidents or other situations involving the possibility of multiple fatalities were studied in 87 persons in Sweden belonging to two separate groups with professional or educational knowledge of risk- and crisis-management issues. Use was made of a tradeoff method, the results obtained consisting of von Neuman-Morgenstern utility functions over the range of 0-1000 fatalities. Most of the utility curves for the number of fatalities were found to be convex, implying the majority of subjects to display risk-seeking behaviour. Implications of the findings for societal risk decision making are discussed, along with prospective areas of application and the possibilities of considering other dimensions than the number of fatalities.
|
|
| 36. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
An emergent means to assurgent ends: Community resilience for safety and sustainability
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the fourth resilience engineering symposium. - 9782911256479 ; , s. 29-35
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Societal safety and sustainability are key challenges in our complex and dynamic world, causing growth in interest of applying the concept of resilience in broader societal contexts. This paper presents a concept of Community Resilience that builds on established theory of Resilience Engineering and operationalises the concept by presenting its purpose, required functions and a way to identify and analyse the complex network of actual forms that together achieve these functions in society. The framework for analysing Community Resilience is then tested in practice with interesting results. Although the framework has challenges and limitations, the Resilience Engineering approach to Community Resilience seems to be a both conceptually and pragmatically fruitful path to follow.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
An emergent means to assurgent ends : Societal resilience for safety and sustainability
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Becoming Resilient. - : CRC Press. - 9781472425157 - 9781317065234 ; 2, s. 1-12
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Societal safety and sustainability are key challenges in our complex and dynamic world, causing growth in interest of applying the concept of resilience in broader societal contexts. This chapter presents a concept of societal resilience that builds on established theory of Resilience Engineering and operationalises the concept by presenting its purpose, required functions and a way to identify and analyse the complex network of actual forms that together achieve these functions in society. The framework for analysing societal resilience is then tested in practice with interesting results. Although the framework has challenges and limitations, the Resilience Engineering approach to societal resilience seems to be both a conceptually and pragmatically fruitful path to follow.
|
|
| 39. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Constructing a common holistic description of what is valuable and important to protect: A possible requisite for disaster risk management
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 6, s. 18-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective disaster risk management is a requisite for sustainable development and it is paramount to include a wide range of stakeholders to manage risk in this context. Recent research indicates the significance of making ideas of what is valuable and important to protect explicit in any disaster risk management initiative that involves several stake- holders. The purpose of this article is thus to investigate if it is possible for a wide range of stakeholders to construct a common holistic description of what is valuable and important to protect. Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality in South Africa is used as the context for this study and its findings indicate that such common holistic description is possible there. The findings also indicate that although each stakeholder has intricate knowledge about the context, it is not until they come together and share their individual knowledge as the richer picture emerges. A picture that may not in any way be a perfect full picture, but nonetheless their common picture to build mutual understanding, commitment and effective disaster risk management initiatives on.
|
|
| 40. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Final report: A participatory method for need based capacity development projects and programmes
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The three-year research project funded by MSB applies design science, in combination with traditional scientific investigation, to develop a method to guide the planning phase of capacity development projects for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. The method facilitates local participation and ownership as it builds on the strengths of the Logical Framework Approach (LFA), while contextualising it to suit capacity development for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation.
|
|
| 41. |
- Beerens, Ralf Josef Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
How Can We Make Disaster Management Evaluations More Useful? An Empirical Study of Dutch Exercise Evaluations
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2095-0055 .- 2192-6395. ; 11:5, s. 578-591
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evaluation of simulated disasters (for example, exercises) and real responses are important activities. However, little attention has been paid to how reports documenting such events should be written. A key issue is how to make them as useful as possible to professionals working in disaster risk management. Here, we focus on three aspects of a written evaluation: how the object of the evaluation is described, how the analysis is described, and how the conclusions are described. This empirical experiment, based on real evaluation documents, asked 84 Dutch mayors and crisis management professionals to evaluate the perceived usefulness of the three aspects noted above. The results showed that how evaluations are written does matter. Specifically, the usefulness of an evaluation intended for learning purposes is improved when its analysis and conclusions are clearer. In contrast, evaluations used for accountability purposes are only improved by the clarity of the conclusion. These findings have implications for the way disaster management evaluations should be documented.
|
|
| 42. |
- Beerens, Ralf, et al.
(författare)
-
Scoping the field of disaster exercise evaluation - A literature overview and analysis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 19, s. 413-446
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evaluation of emergency, disaster and crisis management exercises supports both individual and organisational learning, facilitates the development of response capabilities, and helps to determine whether the current level of preparedness is good enough. Nevertheless, despite its importance in the field of disaster risk management, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview of research in the area. The aim of the paper is to provide such an overview. A scoping study identified the key contributions on the topic of disaster exercise evaluation, provides an overview of research in the area, and analyses opportunities for future work. The purpose, function and form of the evaluation provided the framework for the analysis, which was applied to the scoping study results. The results indicate a lack of academic interest. Although exercises take place on a regular basis and are often used for research purposes, their evaluations are seldom the focus of attention per se. Moreover, contributions that do focus on evaluations are spread over several disciplines. Nevertheless, the results indicate that recent contributions are becoming more coherent as they build on each other (or at least refer to each other), even if they are produced within different disciplines. Despite encouraging signs of a more cohesive scientific corpus on the evaluation of disaster exercises, there is still room for improvement. The scientific discourse would benefit from greater clarity regarding: (1) the purpose and context in which a specific evaluation method is designed to be used; (2) what the method needs to do (or produce) in order for it to fulfil the purpose; and (3) how the method achieves its goal and thereby fulfils its purpose. Moreover, in order to help researchers to build on each other's work and suggest improvements to evaluation methods, it is urgent that the supporting evidence (for example, empirical data or logical reasoning) for claims regarding the usefulness of a specific method is clearly presented. This is likely to lead to a more vigorous scientific discourse, which will result in increasingly relevant and robust arguments related to how to approach the problem of evaluating disaster exercises in practice.
|
|
| 43. |
- Bengtsson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
Brandskyddsteknisk projektering
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Brandskyddshandboken - En handbok för projektering av brandskydd i byggnader. - 1402-3504. ; , s. 21-49
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 44. |
- Berndt, Brehmer, et al.
(författare)
-
Förslag till ett samverkanssystem för svenska länsstyrelser
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report is a first attempt to use the design perspective we have developed in earlier reports in this series (Brehmer & Tehler, 2013: Tehler & Brehmer, 2013) in practical design of a system that would help Swedish County Administration Boards to meet their area responsibility in cases of major crises and accidents in their counties. The work starts with the development of a design hierarchy with five levels: purpose, design criteria, functions, general processes and form. The purpose of the system is to help achieve the agreement among actors necessary for a coordinated crisis response. Design criteria are taken from a general analysis of crisis management as management of dynamic systems, from experience from exercises and accidents and from the Method Concept developed by MSB to provide a common ground of values to guide decision making. A function structure showing what the system must produce to fulfill its purpose is developed. Problems were encountered when this function structure was to be translated into form due to the fact that very little validated scientific information to serve as basis for concrete design propositions could be found when searching general processes. More serious was lack of information concerning prediction systems to help the system handle future developments and that the Method Concept has not been developed to handle prioritization problems. Despite that, and some more minor problems, it proved possible to actually design a system. The final system has two components. The analysis unit that analyses the situation from a holistic perspective to come up with suggestions about how to handle problems of coordination and problems currently not handled by the crisis management system. It also handles non-controversial coordination issues. The decisions on nontrivial issues are made by a negotiation unit. These two units are supported by a structure providing the information that is necessary. We interpret the fact that we managed to actually produce a design for a system as evidence that the design perspective does what it promises to do: to provide a basis for design of management systems for crisis and accidents management and we conclude that work along the lines suggested in our earlier reports is well worth pursuing.
|
|
| 45. |
- Borell, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Krishantering och lärande
- 2010
-
Ingår i: FRIVA - risk, sårbarhet och förmåga. - 9789163376917 ; , s. 155-163
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 46. |
- Cedergren, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Studying risk governance using a design perspective
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 68, s. 89-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A conceptual framework for systematically studying and analysing risk governance is introduced. The framework, which is influenced by design science, is particularly valuable for relating the way risks are handled at the micro-level to aspects at the macro-level. Three central concepts are included in the framework: purpose, function, and form. A function is used to denote what a specific system does, or needs to do, to achieve the purpose of a risk governance process. The purpose of a risk governance process answers the question why it exists, or why it should be introduced, while the form denotes how the functions are, or should be, carried out in practice. The framework is especially useful as a basis for identifying problems related to a fragmentation of the risk governance process in contexts involving multiple stakeholders. Moreover, it allows descriptive, evaluative, as well as normative approaches. In this way, the framework manages to connect two central types of problems. On the one hand it addresses the problem of understanding and explaining a risk governance process (descriptive approach) and, on the other hand, the problem of constructing, or improving it (normative approach). The usefulness of the design perspective is exemplified in two cases, and the findings from both of these cases indicate a fragmentation of the risk governance process.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Frykmer, Tove, et al.
(författare)
-
Advancing the Field of Disaster Response Management : Toward a Design Science Approach
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2095-0055 .- 2192-6395. ; 12:2, s. 220-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiorganizational response to emergencies and disasters requires collaboration. How to improve the collective response is therefore an essential question, but not easy to answer. In disaster research, normative research with a focus on providing evidence for how to improve professional practice has traditionally received less attention than explanatory ones. The aim of this article, using insights from design science where normative research is more common, is to suggest a complementary approach to response management research. Our approach, which combines experimental and explanatory research, is applied to a study of goal alignment. Goal alignment among response actors is often recommended despite literature’s contradictory evidence regarding its effect. We conducted an experiment with 111 participants, who, in groups of three, played a computer game under one of two conditions (goal alignment or not). Our results show that aligning goals did not improve the outcome in the game. Although this may serve as a counterargument to implementing goal alignment interventions, there are concerns with such conclusions. These reservations include, but are not limited to, the lack of validated models to use in experiments. Nevertheless, our suggested research approach and the goal alignment experiment highlight the importance of testing interventions and their effectiveness before implementation.
|
|
| 50. |
- Frykmer, Tove, et al.
(författare)
-
On collective improvisation in crisis management – A scoping study analysis
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 110, s. 100-109
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responding to crises requires the ability to meet the unforeseen and adapt to new conditions. The transboundary nature of crises with e.g. increased interconnectedness among critical infrastructures, involving more actors in response, will call for collective coordination. Collective improvisation can be a tool for handling challenges under these circumstances, however the research is limited and dispersed over disciplines. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the capability to improvise collectively in crisis management, and how it affects performance. To achieve this, we conducted a structured scoping study of improvisation in scientific literature and found that existing research is not sufficiently explained or detailed to fulfill our purpose. Our findings show that individual improvisation seems to be aggregated to a collective level without modifications, and existing methods lack in precision and transparency. Further, there is a need for a more nuanced discussion on improvisation and performance. Implications are that studies on collective improvisation risk measuring individual rather than collective improvisation, if based on existing literature. Moreover, the concept of improvisation is connected to mostly positive outcomes and assumed to have the same meaning for everyone. As a result, one should be careful when using the concept in practice, e.g. when using it as a causal explanation for successful performance, or when suggesting measures aimed at improving the capability to improvise collectively. To move forward, we suggest adopting collective problem solving as a broader analytical frame. Finally, we highlight some theories serving as a starting point for this investigation.
|
|
