| 1. |
- Enberg, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge Integration in Inter-firm R&D Collaboration : How do Firms Manage Problems of Coordination and Cooperation?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Knowledge Integration and Innovation: Critical Challenges Facing International Technology-Based Firms. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780191730580 - 9780199693924 ; , s. 149-169
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Firms often need to collaboratively use and integrate two or more organizations' knowledge bases in order to achieve their goals. This is a challenging task due to two sets of commonly identified problems: ‘problems of coordination’ that derive from knowledge contingencies, and ‘problems of cooperation’ that derive from relationship factors. While literature often treats these problems independently, this chapter focuses on how they can be modelled jointly within a framework grounded in knowledge-based and transaction cost approaches to the firm. The findings from a case study of three inter-firm R&D collaborations suggest that treating both problems as interdependent, rather than isolated, can provide a better account for the challenges and structure of inter-firm R&D collaborations. The results imply that neither firms nor research should focus too much on either of the problems at the expense of the other.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge Integration in Inter-firm R&D Collaboration : How do Firms Manage Problems of Coordination and Cooperation?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Knowledge Integration & Innovation. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press. - 9780199693924 - 0199693927 ; , s. 148-169
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technology-based firms continue to compete primarily on innovation, and are continuously required to present new solutions to an exacting market. As technological complexity and specialization intensifies, firms increasingly need to integrate and co-ordinate knowledge by means of project groups, diversified organizations, inter-organizational partnerships, and strategic alliances. Innovation processes have progressively become interdisciplinary, collaborative, inter-organizational, and international, and a firm's ability to synthesize knowledge across disciplines, organizations, and geographical locations has a major influence on its viability and success.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge integration in inter-firm R&D relationships: How do firms balance problems of coordination with problems of cooperation?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Knowledge Integration and Innovation: Critical Challenges Facing International Technology-based Firms. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780199693924 ; , s. 148-169
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior research has typically focused on either of two problems that may face firms in R&D collaboration; problems of coordination that derive from knowledge contingencies or problems of cooperation that stem from relationship factors. Rather than treating these problems in isolation, the findings of the present study suggest that in order to understand knowledge integration in R&D collaboration both types of problems should be treated simultaneously. We suggest that the interplay between these two sets of problems may explain both the extent of knowledge integration in partnerships, and how the partnering firms set out to accomplish knowledge integration. The findings are important as R&D collaborations are frequently concerned with how to share and integrate knowledge without becoming subject to potential expropriation by partners.
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| 4. |
- Aleksandrova, Krasimira, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective study of the immune system activation biomarker neopterin and colorectal cancer risk
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neopterin may be relevant for colorectal cancer (CRC) development, as a biomarker of cellular immune activity exerting pleiotropic effects on cellular ageing, oxidative stress, and inflammation. So far, the association between prediagnostic neopterin and colon and rectal cancer risk has not been evaluated in human populations. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort using data on plasma concentrations of total neopterin (T-N, sum of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin) in 830 incident CRC case patients (561 colon and 269 rectal) matched within risk sets to 830 control participants. A subsequent replication study used data from the Hordaland Health Study, where 173 CRC case patients have been diagnosed among 6594 healthy participants over 12 years of follow-up. Results: After multivariable adjustment for a priori chosen CRC risk factors, a "U-shaped" association of T-N with CRC was revealed. Compared with the second quintile of the T-N distribution, the relative risks for the first, third, fourth, and fifth quintiles were 2.37 (95% CI = 1.66 to 3.39), 1.24 (95% CI = 0.87 to 1.77), 1.55 (95% CI = 1.08 to 2.22), and 2.31 (95% CI = 1.63 to 3.27), respectively. Replication of these associations within the Hordaland Health Study yielded similar results. No differences have been observed when the associations were explored by colon and rectal cancer site (two-sided P-difference = .87) and after excluding case patients diagnosed within the first four follow-up years. Conclusions: These novel findings provide evidence of the role of both suppressed and activated cell-mediated immunity as reflected by prediagnostic T-N concentrations in the development of CRC.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Holm, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' perspective on prostatic artery embolization : A qualitative study
- 2021
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Ingår i: SAGE Open Medicine. - : SAGE Open. - 2050-3121. ; 9, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim was to describe the patients' experience of undergoing prostatic artery embolization.Methods: A retrospective qualitative interview study was undertaken with 15 patients of mean age 73 years who had undergone prostatic artery embolization with a median duration of 210 min at two medium sized hospitals in Sweden. The reasons for conducting prostatic artery embolization were clean intermittent catheterization (n = 4), lower urinary tract symptoms (n = 10) or haematuria (n = 1). Data were collected through individual, semi-structured telephone interviews 1-12 months after treatment and analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results: Four categories with sub-categories were formulated to describe the results: a diverse experience; ability to control the situation; resumption of everyday activities and range of opinions regarding efficacy of outcomes. Overall, the patients described the procedure as painless, easy and interesting and reported that while the procedure can be stressful, a calm atmosphere contributed to achieving a good experience. Limitations on access to reliable information before, during and after the procedure were highlighted as a major issue. Practical ideas for improving patient comfort during the procedure were suggested. Improved communications between treatment staff and patients were also highlighted. Most patients could resume everyday activities, some felt tired and bruising caused unnecessary worry for a few. Regarding functional outcome, some patients described substantial improvement in urine flow while others were satisfied with regaining undisturbed night sleep. Those with less effect were considering transurethral resection of the prostate as a future option. Self-enrolment to the treatment and long median operation time may have influenced the results.Conclusions: From the patients' perspective, prostatic artery embolization is a well-tolerated method for treating benign prostate hyperplacia.
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| 7. |
- Kangas, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Framkomlighet på vägar och gator vid skyfall : sammanställning av intervjuer med drabbade kommuner samt exempel på möjliga åtgärder
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 399-400
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tyréns har under våren och sommaren 2023 genomfört ett uppdrag åt Göteborgs stad med syfte att förstärka stadens kompetens kring åtgärder som kan användas för att förbättra framkomligheten på stadens väg- och gatunät under skyfall.Uppdraget har omfattat två delar:En intervjustudie med syfte att inhämta erfarenheter från kommuner som har drabbats av skyfall.En åtgärdsanalys där två gator har studerats som specifika exempel. Åtgärdsanalysen syftar till att vara en vägledning för tjänstemän i Göteborgs stad för arbete med skyfallsanläggningar, även på andra platser än de två som studerats specifikt. Rapporten inkluderar även en generell del som beskriver flera olika skyfallsanläggningar.Göteborgs stad har tidigare låtit utföra en skyfallsanalys i en hydrodynamisk modell för hela staden. Resultaten från denna visar bland annat beräknat maximalt vattendjup och varaktighet för översvämningar till följd av ett klimatanpassat 100-årsregn. Intervjufrågor med fokus på framkomlighet på vägar vid skyfall togs fram i samråd med Göteborgs stad. Intervjuer genomfördes med tjänstepersoner i Malmö, Gävle och Huddinge. Åtgärdsanalysen har gjorts med utgångspunkt i resultat från tidigare utförd skyfallsanalys samt att framkomlighetsproblem antas uppstå när vattendjupet på körbanan överstiger 0,2 m. De två platserna har valts i samråd med Göteborgs stad. Kommuner som drabbats av stora skyfall har upplevt att bristande framkomlighet på vägar är problematiskt eftersom det stör många samhällsfunktioner. De intervjuade kommunerna konstaterar att stora tillfälliga störningar bör förväntas vid skyfall och att det är en orimlig ambition att alla vägar och gator ska vara farbara. Istället lyfter kommunerna vikten av fungerande kommunikation och information om vilka vägar som är framkomliga. Skyfallsanläggningar, såsom studerade skyfallsytor, skyfallsleder och styrningar riskerar att försämra andra funktioner i den bebyggda miljön och är i många fall kostsamma att anlägga.
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| 8. |
- Price, Alison J, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating Folate and Vitamin B12 and Risk of Prostate Cancer : A Collaborative Analysis of Individual Participant Data from Six Cohorts Including 6875 Cases and 8104 Controls.
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 70:6, s. 941-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Folate and vitamin B12 are essential for maintaining DNA integrity and may influence prostate cancer (PCa) risk, but the association with clinically relevant, advanced stage, and high-grade disease is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between circulating folate and vitamin B12 concentrations and risk of PCa overall and by disease stage and grade.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A study was performed with a nested case-control design based on individual participant data from six cohort studies including 6875 cases and 8104 controls; blood collection from 1981 to 2008, and an average follow-up of 8.9 yr (standard deviation 7.3). Odds ratios (ORs) of incident PCa by study-specific fifths of circulating folate and vitamin B12 were calculated using multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression.OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Incident PCa and subtype by stage and grade.RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Higher folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were associated with a small increase in risk of PCa (ORs for the top vs bottom fifths were 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.26], ptrend=0.018, for folate and 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01-1.25], ptrend=0.017, for vitamin B12), with no evidence of heterogeneity between studies. The association with folate varied by tumour grade (pheterogeneity<0.001); higher folate concentration was associated with an elevated risk of high-grade disease (OR for the top vs bottom fifth: 2.30 [95% CI, 1.28-4.12]; ptrend=0.001), with no association for low-grade disease. There was no evidence of heterogeneity in the association of folate with risk by stage or of vitamin B12 with risk by stage or grade of disease (pheterogeneity>0.05). Use of single blood-sample measurements of folate and B12 concentrations is a limitation.CONCLUSIONS: The association between higher folate concentration and risk of high-grade disease, not evident for low-grade disease, suggests a possible role for folate in the progression of clinically relevant PCa and warrants further investigation.PATIENT SUMMARY: Folate, a vitamin obtained from foods and supplements, is important for maintaining cell health. In this study, however, men with higher blood folate levels were at greater risk of high-grade (more aggressive) prostate cancer compared with men with lower folate levels. Further research is needed to investigate the possible role of folate in the progression of this disease.
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| 9. |
- Purdue, Mark P, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of renal cell carcinoma identifies two susceptibility loci on 2p21 and 11q13.3
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 43:1, s. 60-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 3,772 affected individuals (cases) and 8,505 controls of European background from 11 studies and followed up 6 SNPs in 3 replication studies of 2,198 cases and 4,918 controls. Two loci on the regions of 2p21 and 11q13.3 were associated with RCC susceptibility below genome-wide significance. Two correlated variants (r² = 0.99 in controls), rs11894252 (P = 1.8 × 10⁻⁸) and rs7579899 (P = 2.3 × 10⁻⁹), map to EPAS1 on 2p21, which encodes hypoxia-inducible-factor-2 alpha, a transcription factor previously implicated in RCC. The second locus, rs7105934, at 11q13.3, contains no characterized genes (P = 7.8 × 10⁻¹⁴). In addition, we observed a promising association on 12q24.31 for rs4765623, which maps to SCARB1, the scavenger receptor class B, member 1 gene (P = 2.6 × 10⁻⁸). Our study reports previously unidentified genomic regions associated with RCC risk that may lead to new etiological insights.
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| 10. |
- Zuo, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Link Vitamin B6 Catabolism and Lung Cancer Risk
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 78:1, s. 302-308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circulating pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) has been linked to lung cancer risk. The PAr index, defined as the ratio 4-pyridoxic acid/(pyridoxal + PLP), reflects increased vitamin B6 catabolism during inflammation. PAr has been defined as a marker of lung cancer risk in a prospective cohort study, but analysis of a larger numbers of cases are needed to deepen the significance of this study. Here, we conducted a nested case–control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC, n = 521,330), which included 892 incident lung cancer cases and 1,748 controls matched by center, gender, date of blood collection, and date of birth. The association of PAr with risk of lung cancer was evaluated by using conditional logistic regression. Study participants with elevated PAr experienced higher risk of lung cancer in a dose–response fashion, with a doubling in PAr levels associated with 52% higher odds of lung cancer after adjustment for tobacco smoking, serum cotinine levels, educational attainment, and BMI [OR, 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–1.81; P < 0.001]. Additional adjustment for intake of vegetables and fruits and physical activity did not materially affect risk association. The association of PAr with lung cancer risk was similar in both genders but slightly stronger in former smokers and in participants diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. This study provides robust evidence that increased vitamin B6 catabolism is independently associated with a higher risk of future lung cancer.
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