| 1. |
- Danielsson, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent alcohol use trajectories: Predictors and subsequent problems.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Addictive Behaviours. - Oxford : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4603 .- 1873-6327. ; 35:9, s. 848-852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at identifying different alcohol drinking trajectories in early to late adolescence. We also examined whether certain factors predicted membership of a specific trajectory and to what extent trajectory membership was linked to later negative consequences. Data were drawn from a longitudinal cohort study starting with 1923 adolescents including all seventh grade students in six school districts in Stockholm, Sweden 2001 (age 14), with follow-up in 2002, 2003, and 2006 (age 19). Cluster- and multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed four developmental pathways: low, gradually increasing, high, and suddenly increasing consumption. “High consumers” and “sudden increasers” reported higher levels of alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol-related problems both at age 14–16 and at age 19. The “gradual increasers” were more likely to smoke cigarettes, have easy access to alcohol, visit youth recreation centres, have friends who drink, and report a poorer health, compared to the “low consumer/abstainer group”. “High consumers” were more likely to have drinking peers than both “low consumers/abstainers” and “gradual increasers”.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Early risk factors for criminal offending in schizophrenia : a 35-year longitudinal cohort study
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 46:9, s. 925-932
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Recent evidence suggests that factors predicting offending among individuals with no mental disorder may also predict offending among individuals with schizophrenia. Aims The aims of the study were (1) to explore the prevalence of risk factors for criminal offending reported at age 18 among males later diagnosed with schizophrenia, (2) to explore the associations between risk factors reported at age 18 and lifetime criminal offending, (3) to predict lifetime serious violent offending based on risk factors reported at age 18, and (4) to compare the findings with those in males with no later diagnosis of schizophrenia. Methods The study was a prospective, longitudinal study of a birth cohort followed up through registers after 35 years. The cohort consisted of 49 398 males conscripted into the Swedish Army in 1969-1970, of whom 377 were later diagnosed with schizophrenia. Results Among the subjects later diagnosed with schizophrenia, strong associations were found between four of the items reported at age 18 and lifetime criminal offending: (1) low marks for conduct in school, (2) contact with the police or child care authorities, (3) crowded living conditions, and (4) arrest for public drinking. Three of these four risk factors were found to double the risk of offending among males with no later diagnosis of schizophrenia. Conclusions Criminality in individuals with schizophrenia may at least partly be understood as a phenomenon similar to criminality in individuals in the general population.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Slutrapport Trestad2. Del A: Genomgång av delprojekt och samlad bedömning.
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en del av den avslutande rapporteringen av projektet Trestad2. Trestad2 är en av Socialdepartementet finansierad satsning för att i landets tre storstadskommuner arbeta fram insatser och åtgärder för att minska användandet av cannabis och ungdomar och unga vuxna. De tre städerna har på olika sätt själva eller i samarbete tillskapat en mängd olika projekt för att upptäcka och förebygga användande av cannabis samt behandla de som drabbats. En oberoende forskargrupp har utsetts av de tre städerna att utvärdera arbetet som utförts under projektets gång från 2012 till 2015 och därefter rapportera resultaten till Socialdepartementet. Denna rapport är alltså en del av denna rapportering. Forskargruppen har varit med från projektets start och har löpande tagit del av hur arbetet i projektet utvecklats. Utvärderingen har fokuserat på att undersöka hur väl projektet lyckats uppnå sina målsättningar. I huvudsak har arbetsmetoden varit att granska projektdokument från de olika delprojekten i Trestad2, men forskargruppen har också genomfört intervjuer med nyckelpersoner i de tre städerna. Denna rapport består av tre olika delar. I det första avsnittet finns en redogörelse för den projektansökan som ligger till grund för tillkomsten av Trestad2 och det görs en samlad bedömning huruvida projektet som helhet haft en inriktning i linje med de mål som formulerades från början. I detta avsnitt finns också en redogörelse för hur städerna organiserat sig för att klara av att nå projektets målsättningar och likheter och skillnader lyfts fram samt de olika lokala förutsättningar städerna har haft för att jobba med projektet. I nästa avsnitt följer en genomgång av de skilda delprojekten i Trestad2. Där beskrivs delprojektens innehåll och genomförande och det görs en bedömning av projektens utfall i olika relevanta avseenden. I det sista avsnittet diskuteras vad forskargruppen anser att projektet lett fram till. Där lyfts fram vilka erfarenheter som gjorts, vad som lyckats särskilt väl och de svårigheter som funnits. I rapportens slut finns en förteckning av publicerade rapporter inom Trestad2 för vidare läsning.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Trestad2 : Storstädernas satsning mot cannabis : delrapport för tiden jan 2012 - sep 2013.
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en halvtidsdokumentation av den storstadssatsning som mellan 2012 och 2014 genomförs i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö med syfte att minska användande av cannabis hos unga. Författarna till rapporten är medlemmar av den övergripande forskargrupp som utsetts av de tre medverkande storstäderna för att följa, dokumentera och utvärdera projektet som helhet. Den övergripande forskargruppen kommer att presentera sin slutrapport sommaren/hösten 2014. Halvtidsdokumentationen avser perioden från januari 2012 till september 2013 och har tillkommit på initiativ av den övergripande forskargruppen för att dokumentera storstadssatsningens förlopp samt för att skapa ett underlag som kan användas såväl under den återstående projekttiden, som vid slutrapportering av hela storstadssatsningen. Rapporten presenterades på ett seminarium med de tre medverkande städerna i Malmö den 3 februari 2014.
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| 5. |
- Binde, Per, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Spelberoende: Forskning för en hållbar spelpolitik
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Sverige är cirka 164 000 personer problemspelare, viket utgör ett betydande folkhälsoproblem. Ungdomar, personer med låg socioekonomisk status och utrikes födda har i allmänhet mer spelproblem än andra. Trots att så många som 75 procent av alla problemspelare varje år förändrar sina spelvanor till det bättre är omfattningen av spelproblem relativt konstant i Sverige, eftersom lika många nya problemspelare tillkommer varje år varav en del är återfall. Forskningssammanställningar visar att strukturella åtgärder i form av ökad reglering är mest effektiva för att motverka spelproblem. Man kan redan idag påstå att en evidensbaserad spelpolitik i viss utsträckning är möjlig. Men det finns kunskapsluckor. Forskarna vet exempelvis lite om hur effektiva de spelansvarsåtgärder som spelbolag genomför är för att minska spelproblemen. Det behövs mer forskning om relationen mellan positiva och negativa samhällseffekter av spelandet, det vill säga intäkter och arbetstillfällen i relation till vårdkostnader och lidande. Till skillnad från alkoholforskningen så finns vissa frågetecken inom spelforskningen kring att ökad spelkonsumtion leder till ökade spelproblem.
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| 6. |
- Börjesson, Josefine, 1973-
(författare)
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Psychometric studies of the Swedish version of the Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis (ADAD) instrument
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes studies into the psychometric properties of a Swedish language version of the Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis (ADAD) instrument. The psychometric properties of this instrument have been examined in two previous studies: an American study was conducted by the developers of the interview, Friedman and Utada (1989), and a Swiss study was undertaken by Bolognini et al. (2001). The American and the French (as used in the Swiss study) versions of ADAD exhibit good validity and reliability, in the form of both interrater reliability and the internal consistency of the composite scores. Study I evaluated the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the ADAD interview in normal adolescents and adolescents with antisocial problems. It was found that the instrument has good interrater reliability, that the composite scores exhibit moderate internal consistency, and that the concept validity was acceptable and similar to that of the American and Swiss versions. The results also showed that the problem areas of ADAD produced meaningful correlations. The interviewer ratings, the adolescent’s ratings and the composite scores were compared and discussed. Some problems concerning the composite scores were discovered and will need to be analyzed in future studies. Study II investigated the utility and problems associated with the composite scores in the ADAD within and between normal adolescents and adolescents with antisocial problems. When comparing interviewer severity ratings and composite scores within the two groups, the composite scores were found to behave differently to the interviewer ratings. For normal adolescents, the composite scores are generally higher than the interviewer ratings, but for the adolescents with antisocial problems the reverse is true. The interviewer severity ratings seem to be the most appropriate outcome when the objective is to separate antisocial and normal groups of adolescents from each other. The difference between the two groups is smaller as measured by composite scores. The composite scores appear to function as viable indicators of current problems in all areas except for Medical and Alcohol problem area. The critical items within the Medical and Alcohol composite scores are explored and discussed. Study III investigated the concurrent and predictive validity of the ADAD Psychological status and problem area. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between the ADAD, Youth Self Report (YSR) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. The predictive validity of this problem area of the ADAD was tested by exploring its correlations with the YSR, BDI, and DICA problem ratings; moderate correlations were observed, suggesting that in clinical practice, the ADAD Psychological status and problem area may be a useful tool for the assessment and measurement of current psychological problems. The utility obtained by making decisions using the test is substantial. Overall, the results of these studies indicate that the Swedish version of ADAD appears to be a psychometrically good instrument for assessing the severity of adolescents’ problems and their need for treatment, but there are some problems with the Medical and Alcohol composite scores.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Fröberg, Frida, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial health and gambling problems among men and women aged 16–24 years in the Swedish National Public Health Survey
- 2013
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 23:3, s. 427-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study aimed to explore the association between psychosocial health, gambling and gambling problems in a nationally representative sample of Swedish youth aged 16–24 years. Another aim was to examine whether these associations were different between young men and women.Methods: Data were from the cross-sectional Swedish National Public Health Survey in 2004–07. With a response rate of 60.1%, the sample consisted of 19 016 youth. Using a sex-stratified multinomial logistic regression, we estimated associations between psychosocial health variables and gambling and gambling problems.Results: Among males, we found that the higher the alcohol consumption, the higher the likelihood of gambling and gambling problems. Men with high alcohol consumption had an almost four times higher likelihood of gambling problems than men with no or low alcohol consumption (OR 3.94, 95% CI: 2.17–7.14). Moreover, young male victims of violence were more than twice as likely to have gambling problems than non-victims (OR 2.35, 95% CI: 1.39–3.99). Among young women, we found an inverse association between high alcohol consumption and gambling problems (OR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05–0.44), opposite that of the young men. Furthermore, psychological distress (OR 6.15, 95% CI: 2.15–17.60) and suicidality (OR 2.88, 95% CI: 1.16–7.17) were associated with higher probabilities of gambling problems among young women.Conclusion: Alcohol use, violence victimization and poor mental health are associated with gambling problems among Swedish youth, however, with important sex differences. Prevention of youth gambling should consider sex differences and psychosocial health in addition to gambling.
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| 9. |
- Fröberg, Frida, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The Association Between Compulsory School Achievement and Problem Gambling Among Swedish Young People
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 56:4, s. 420-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose We aimed to examine the association between school grades at the age of 16 years and problem gambling at the age of 17–25 years among Swedish females and males. Methods In a cohort design, we followed the 16- to 24-year-old participants in the representative Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study for 2 years, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010, generating 3,816 person-years of follow-up time. The outcome, incidence of mild and moderate/severe gambling problems, was measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index in telephone interviews. The exposure was register-linked information about final grades in compulsory school. The association between school grades and problem gambling was estimated in multinomial logistic regressions. Results Low and average school grades were associated with increased incidence of mild and moderate/severe problem gambling compared to high grades, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, psychological distress, and alcohol use. Low grades, compared to high grades, were associated with a higher risk of mild gambling problems for adolescent males, whereas the incidence proportion of moderate/severe problem gambling was high for males aged 20–25 years with low grades, among whom unemployment was also very high. Furthermore, we found a strong and graded association between school grades and moderate/severe problem gambling for women in both age groups, despite a low prevalence of gambling participation among females compared to males. Conclusions Our findings show that Swedish youth with low school achievement have an increased risk of gambling problems up to 8 years after school graduation, after control for confounding from sociodemographic characteristics, psychological distress, and alcohol use, and that this association is stronger for females than males.
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| 10. |
- Fröberg, Frida, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The Incidence of Problem Gambling in a Representative Cohort of Swedish Female and Male 16-24 Year-Olds by Socio-demographic Characteristics, in Comparison with 25-44 Year-Olds
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Studies. - : Springer Nature. - 1050-5350 .- 1573-3602. ; 31:3, s. 621-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to estimate the incidence of a first episode of problem gambling among Swedish 16-24 year-olds by demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and to compare the incidence between 16-24 and 25-44 year-olds, and between young women and men. Other aims were to estimate the proportions of recovery and incidence in recurrent problem gambling, and prevalence of problem gambling among 16-44 year-olds in Sweden. We selected 4,358 participants aged 16-44 from the nationally representative Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The primary outcome measure was a first episode of problem gambling during 12 months before the follow-up as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index among participants without a history of problem gambling at baseline. The incidence proportion of a first episode of problem gambling among 16-24 year-olds was 2.26% (95% confidence interval 1.52-3.36); three times lower among females (1.14; 0.42-3.07%) than males (3.32; 2.19-5.01%). Young age and household financial problems were associated with first episode problem gambling among young women. Among 25-44 year-olds, the incidence proportion of a first episode of problem gambling was 0.81% (0.41-1.56). Recovery from problem gambling was high, in particular among females. Individual transitions from problem gambling to recovery and to recurrent problem gambling, between baseline and follow-up, were common regardless of age. This study adds further evidence to research suggesting that there is a high mobility in and out of problem gambling over time on an individual level. The high incidence of first episode problem gambling among youth in Sweden stresses the importance of prevention of problem gambling at an early age.
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| 11. |
- Grann, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy (PCL-R) predicts violent recidivism among criminal offenders with personality disorders in Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: Law and human behavior. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0147-7307 .- 1573-661X. ; 23:2, s. 205-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychopathy as conceptualized with Hare's Psychopathy Checklist Revised, PCL-R, has attracted much research during the 1990s. In the Scandinavian countries, few studies that empirically support the validity of North American risk assessment techniques in our regional context have been published. The purpose of this paper is to explore the predictive power of the PCL-R in a population of personality-disordered violent offenders subjected to forensic psychiatric evaluation in Sweden. Following release from prison (n = 172), discharge from forensic psychiatric treatment (n = 129), or probation (n = 51), a total of 352 individuals were followed for up to 8 years (mean = 3.7 years) with reconviction for violent crime as endpoint variable (base rate 34%). As the estimate of predictive power, the area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic (AUC of ROC) analysis was calculated. For PCL-R scores to predict 2-year violent recidivism, AUC of ROC was .72 (95% CI: .66-.78). In addition, the personality dimension of psychopathy (Factor 1) and the behavioral component (Factor 2) both predicted 2-year recidivism significantly better than random: AUC of ROC .64 (95% CI: .57-.70) and .71 (95% CI: .65-.77), respectively. We conclude that psychopathy is probably as valid a predictor of violent recidivism in Swedish forensic settings as seen in previous North American studies.
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| 12. |
- Gripenberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Trestad2: Storstädernas satsning mot cannabis : delrapport för tiden jan 2012 - sep 2013
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en halvtidsdokumentation av den storstadssatsning som mellan 2012 och 2014 genomförs i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö med syfte att minska användande av cannabis hos unga. Författarna till rapporten är medlemmar av den övergripande forskargrupp som utsetts av de tre medverkande storstäderna för att följa, dokumentera och utvärdera projektet som helhet. Den övergripande forskargruppen kommer att presentera sin slutrapport sommaren/hösten 2014. Halvtidsdokumentationen avser perioden från januari 2012 till september 2013 och har tillkommit på initiativ av den övergripande forskargruppen för att dokumentera storstadssatsningens förlopp samt för att skapa ett underlag som kan användas såväl under den återstående projekttiden, som vid slutrapportering av hela storstadssatsningen. Rapporten presenterades på ett seminarium med de tre medverkande städerna i Malmö den 3 februari 2014. Rapporten publiceras av Malmö Högskola efter överenskommelse med medverkande städer för att möjliggöra citering av rapportens innehåll vid kommande slutrapport samt för att göra dess innehåll tillgängligt för andra intressenter.
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| 13. |
- Gunnarsson, Mattias, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Personality traits and their associations with substance use among adolescents
- 2008
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869. ; 45:5, s. 356-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between personality traits and self-reported risk consumption of substances among adolescents. A further aim was to evaluate whether the personality questionnaire Health relevant Personality Inventory (HP5i) can be used in a population of adolescents. The study participants included 3419 male and female adolescents with a median age of 18years. The results showed that the respondents with risk consumption of substances had significantly higher levels of antagonism and impulsivity and lower levels of hedonic capacity, alexithymia and negative affectivity compared to those with no risk consumption of substances. The HP5 inventory could potentially be a valuable complementary instrument for investigating future health development among adolescents.
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| 14. |
- Hodgins, Sheelagh, et al.
(författare)
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A multisite study of community treatment programs for mentally ill offenders with major mental disorders : Design, measures, and the forensic sample
- 2007
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Ingår i: Criminal justice and behavior. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 34:2, s. 211-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents reasons for undertaking ""The Comparative Study of the Prevention of Crime and Violence by Mentally Ill Persons"" and reasons for decisions regarding the study design and choice of measures. A brief portrait of the forensic patients that have been recruited is also presented. Community treatment programs could offer long-term cost-effective care for offenders with major mental disorders (MMDs). The study aims to identify the necessary ingredients of an effective program. Sites are selected in four countries where identification of most, if not all, persons with MMD who commit crimes within the catchment area was possible. Within each site, two samples of patients with MMD are recruited, one from a forensic hospital and one from a general psychiatric hospital. Assessments are completed prior to discharge. Participants are followed during a 5-year period. Comparisons of the forensic patients recruited in the four sites indicate many more similarities than differences.
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| 15. |
- Kiiski, Johanna I., et al.
(författare)
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FANCM mutation c.5791C>T is a risk factor for triple-negative breast cancer in the Finnish population
- 2017
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 166:1, s. 217-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The FANCM c.5101C>T nonsense mutation was previously found to associate with breast cancer in the Finnish population, especially among triple-negative cases. Here, we studied the prevalence of three other FANCM variants: c.5791C>T, which has been reported to predispose to familial breast cancer, and the c.4025_4026delCT and c.5293dupA variants recently identified in Finnish cancer patients. Methods: We genotyped the FANCM c.5791C>T mutation in 4806 invasive breast cancer patients, including BRCA1/2 mutation negative familial cases and unselected cases, and in 2734 healthy population controls from four different geographical areas of Finland. The association of the mutation with breast cancer risk among patient subgroups was statistically evaluated. We further analyzed the combined risk associated with c.5101C>T and c.5791C>T mutations. We also genotyped 526 unselected ovarian cancer patients for the c.5791C>T mutation and 862 familial breast cancer patients for the c.4025_4026delCT and c.5293dupA variants. Results: The frequency of the FANCM c.5791C>T mutation was higher among breast cancer cases than in controls (OR 1.94, 95% CI 0.87–4.32, P = 0.11), with a statistically significant association with triple-negative breast cancer (OR 5.14, 95% CI 1.65–16.0, P = 0.005). The combined analysis for c.5101C>T and c.5791C>T carriers confirmed a strong association with breast cancer (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.32–2.49, P = 0.0002), especially among the triple-negative patients (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.77–5.35, P = 0.00007). For the other variants, only one additional c.4025_4026delCT carrier and no c.5293dupA carriers were observed. Conclusions: These results support the role of FANCM as a breast cancer susceptibility gene, particularly for triple-negative breast cancer.
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| 16. |
- Kullgren, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide among personality-disordered offenders : a follow-up study of 1943 male criminal offenders.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 33 Suppl 1, s. S102-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suicide mortality among all male criminal offenders in Sweden who had been subjected to a major forensic psychiatric examination 1988-1991 (n = 1943) was studied, with special reference to offenders with personality disorders. The cohort was followed until the end of 1995. Altogether 135 individuals (6.9%) died during the follow-up period; the mode of death was suicide in 50 individuals (2.6%). The unadjusted suicide mortality ranged from 2.8% among those with personality disorders to 6.1% among those with drug-related psychosis. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) among personality-disordered offenders was 1212, i.e. around 12 times that of the general population. Survival analyses by means of Cox regression models were performed to identify background factors associated with completed suicide. No specific principal diagnosis showed significantly increased risk for completed suicide. However, concomitant depression and drug abuse were significantly linked to suicide. Violent crime showed no association. Among personality-disordered offenders suicide methods did not differ from those of suicide victims in the general population. There was no association between violent index criminality or between life-time violent criminality and choice of a violent suicide method.
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| 17. |
- Larm, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple adverse outcomes over 30 years following adolescent substance misuse treatment
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 119:6, s. 484-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare outcomes over 30 years experienced by individuals who as adolescents entered substance misuse treatment and a general population sample. Method: All 1992 individuals seen at the only clinic for substance misusing adolescents in Stockholm from 1968 to 1971 were compared to 1992 individuals randomly selected from the Swedish population, matched for sex, age and birthplace. Death, hospitalization for physical illness related to substance misuse, hospitalization for mental illness, substance misuse, criminal convictions and poverty were documented from national registers. Results: Relative risks of death, physical illness, mental illness, substance misuse, criminal convictions and poverty were significantly elevated in the clinic compared to the general population sample. After adjustment for substance misuse in adulthood, the risks of death, physical and mental illness, criminality and poverty remained elevated. Conclusion: Adolescents who consult for substance misuse problems are at high risk for multiple adverse outcomes over the subsequent 30 years.
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| 18. |
- Larm, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Trajectories of resilience over 25 years of individuals who as adolescents consulted for substance misuse and a matched comparison group
- 2010
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 105:7, s. 1216-1225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To examine trajectories of resilience over 25 years among individuals who as adolescents received treatment for substance misuse, the clinical sample (CS) and a matched general population sample (GP). Design: Comparison of the CS and GP over 25 years using Swedish national registers of health care and criminality. Setting: A substance misuse clinic for adolescents in an urban area in Sweden. Measurements: Resilience was defined as the absence of substance misuse, hospitalizations for physical illnesses related to substance misuse, hospitalization for mental illness and law-abiding behaviour from ages 21 to 45 years. Participants: The CS included 701 individuals who as adolescents had consulted a clinic for substance misuse. The GP included 731 individuals selected randomly from the Swedish population and matched for age, sex and birthplace. Findings: A total of 52.4% of the GP and 24.4% of the CS achieved resilience in all domains through 25 years. Among the CS, another one-third initially displayed moderate levels of resilience that rose to high levels over time, one-quarter displayed decreasing levels of resilience over time, while 9.3% showed little but improving resilience and 8.8% showed no resilience. Levels of resilience were associated with the severity of substance misuse and delinquency in adolescence. Conclusions: Individuals who had presented substance misuse problems in adolescence were less likely to achieve resilience over the subsequent 25 years than was a matched general population sample, and among them, four distinct trajectories of resilience were identified. The severity and type of problems presented in adolescence distinguished the four trajectories.
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| 19. |
- Larsson, Billy, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Klimatfrågan kräver en ny global etik
- 2012
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Ingår i: Göteborgs Posten. - 1103-9345. ; :12 Augusti 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 20. |
- Livheim, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth : A psychological measure of psychological inflexibility in youth
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-1447. ; 5:2, s. 103-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Consistent with the theory underlying Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a construct termed psychological inflexibility has been suggested. There are few validated measures of psychological inflexibility for children and adolescents. One such validated instrument is the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y). The results from a single study have not so far been replicated for youth.Objective: The aim of this study is to test psychometric characteristics for Swedish versions of the AFQ-Y17 and AFQ-Y8. The participants were recruited from an on-going study within institutional care for young people (12-20 years) with psychosocial problems.Findings: In this study of a sample of 159 Swedish adolescents (15-20 years of age) with psychosocial problems, the full 17-item scale was used, and analyses of the 8 items that constitute the short version (AFQ-Y8) were conducted later. The short version showed better psychometric properties than the full 17-item scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine factor solutions. The better fit for AFQ-Y8 was indicated by three of the most common measures of model fit: the comparative fit index (CFI) value exceeded .95 (the recommended cut-off value), the root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) was below 08 (the recommended cut-off value), and the value of the standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) was below the recommended .05 for the AFQ-Y8 scale, which the AFQ-Y17 scale failed to attain.Conclusions: This study supports the reliability, convergent validity and generalizability of both AFQ-Y17 and the shorter version AFQ-Y8. With regards to validity, both versions related in a theoretically consistent way with other psychological constructs. AFQ-Y8 was well represented by a single factor structure, while AFQ-Y17 showed a less good fit to a single factor structure. Overall, the AFQ-Y17 and AFQ-Y8 may be valuable clinical tools in reflecting changes in psychological inflexibility among adolescents. However, since the shorter version, AFQ-Y8, had psychometric properties that were at least as robust as the full 17-item scale, the shorter version is recommended for use among adolescents. (C) 2016 Association for Contextual Behavioral Science.
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| 21. |
- Mantere, Tuomo, et al.
(författare)
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Case-control analysis of truncating mutations in DNA damage response genes connects TEX15 and FANCD2 with hereditary breast cancer susceptibility
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several known breast cancer susceptibility genes encode proteins involved in DNA damage response (DDR) and are characterized by rare loss-of-function mutations. However, these explain less than half of the familial cases. To identify novel susceptibility factors, 39 rare truncating mutations, identified in 189 Northern Finnish hereditary breast cancer patients in parallel sequencing of 796 DDR genes, were studied for disease association. Mutation screening was performed for Northern Finnish breast cancer cases (n = 578-1565) and controls (n = 337-1228). Mutations showing potential cancer association were analyzed in additional Finnish cohorts. c.7253dupT in TEX15, encoding a DDR factor important in meiosis, associated with hereditary breast cancer (p = 0.018) and likely represents a Northern Finnish founder mutation. A deleterious c.2715 + 1G > A mutation in the Fanconi anemia gene, FANCD2, was over two times more common in the combined Finnish hereditary cohort compared to controls. A deletion (c.640-644del5) in RNF168, causative for recessive RIDDLE syndrome, had high prevalence in majority of the analyzed cohorts, but did not associate with breast cancer. In conclusion, truncating variants in TEX15 and FANCD2 are potential breast cancer risk factors, warranting further investigations in other populations. Furthermore, high frequency of RNF168 c.640-644del5 indicates the need for its testing in Finnish patients with RIDDLE syndrome symptoms.
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| 22. |
- Moberg, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Psychiatric and neurological disorders in late adolescence and risk of convictions for violent crime in men
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-244X. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The relationship between mental illness and violent crime is complex because of the involvement of many other confounding risk factors. In the present study, we analysed psychiatric and neurological disorders in relation to the risk of convictions for violent crime, taking into account early behavioural and socio-economic risk factors. Methods: The study population consisted of 49,398 Swedish men, who were thoroughly assessed at conscription for compulsory military service during the years 1969-1970 and followed in national crime registers up to 2006. Five diagnostic groups were analysed: anxiety-depression/neuroses, personality disorders, substance-related disorders, mental retardation and neurological conditions. In addition, eight confounders measured at conscription and based on the literature on violence risk assessment, were added to the analyses. The relative risks of convictions for violent crime during 35 years after conscription were examined in relation to psychiatric diagnoses and other risk factors at conscription, as measured by odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) from bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: In the bivariate analyses there was a significant association between receiving a psychiatric diagnosis at conscription and a future conviction for violent crime (OR = 3.83, 95 % CI = 3.47-4.22), whereas no significant association between neurological conditions and future violent crime (OR = 1.03, 95 % CI = 0.48-2.21) was found. In the fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, mental retardation had the strongest association with future violent crime (OR = 3.60, 95 % CI = 2.73-4.75), followed by substance-related disorders (OR = 2.81, 95 % CI = 2.18-3.62), personality disorders (OR = 2.66, 95 % CI = 2.21-3.19) and anxiety-depression (OR = 1.29, 95 % CI = 1.07-1.55). Among the other risk factors, early behavioural problem had the strongest association with convictions for violent crime. Conclusions: Mental retardation, substance-related disorders, personality disorders and early behavioural problems are important predictors of convictions for violent crime in men.
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| 23. |
- Molero Samuelson, Yasmina, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent antisocial behavior as predictor of adverse outcomes to age 50 : A follow-up study of 1,947 individuals
- 2010
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Ingår i: Criminal justice and behavior. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 37:2, s. 158-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study examined associations between antisocial behavior (ASB) before age 15 and eight adverse outcomes from age 21 to 50 among 1,623 men and 324 women who as adolescents consulted a clinic for substance misuse problems. Outcomes were documented using Swedish national registers and included death, hospitalization for physical illnesses related to substance misuse, mental illness, self-inflicted harm, substance misuse, convictions for violent and nonviolent crimes, and poverty. ASB before age 15 was associated with increased odds of all outcomes in adulthood except hospitalization for mental illness after adjusting for low family socioeconomic status, sex, Sex × ASB, and substance misuse in adulthood and with an increased number of adverse outcomes up to age 50. No gender differences were detected.
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| 24. |
- Molero, Yasmina, et al.
(författare)
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Are offending trajectories identified in population sample studies relevant for treatment settings? A comparison of long-term offending trajectories in individuals treated for substance abuse in adolescence, to a matched general population sample
- 2015
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Ingår i: CBMH. Criminal behaviour and mental health. - : Wiley. - 0957-9664 .- 1471-2857. ; 25:5, s. 416-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most studies on offending heterogeneity have been conducted with general population samples. It is not clear to what extent these can inform such outcomes for individuals with substance use disorders specifically.Aims: The aim of this study is to compare the offending trajectories of individuals treated for substance use disorders in adolescence with a matched general population sample, and to test for gender differences in this respect.Method: Growth mixture models were applied to identify offending trajectories from age 15 to 33 of 1568 individuals treated for substance use disorders in adolescence, and in a matched population-based sample of 1500 individuals.Results: Several parallel trajectories for men and for women were identified in both samples. The substance misuse treatment sample, however, had higher levels of offending, larger offender classes, longer careers and two additional, distinct trajectories. Although there were similarities between the men and women, the men were more heterogeneous offenders. There were two distinct offending trajectories among male substance misusersdecreasing high level and decreasing low level offending.Conclusions: Differences between substance using and general population samples indicate that results from the latter could underestimate the severity, heterogeneity, and persistence of offending trajectories if merely generalised to individuals with substance use disorders. Our results also indicated that population-based samples might be underpowered for detecting female offending heterogeneity.
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| 25. |
- Peter, Larm, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term outcomes of adolescents treated for substance misuse
- 2008
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Ingår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 96:1-2, s. 79-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Little is known about the long-term outcome of substance misuse by teenagers, this is especially true for gender specific consequences. Objectives: To examine the prevalence of death, physical illnesses related to substance misuse, mental illness, substance misuse, criminality, and poverty in adulthood among two cohorts of individuals who as adolescents had consulted for substance misuse problems, to estimate the effect of sex on adverse outcomes, and to compare cohort effects. Methods: Individuals who had consulted a substance misuse clinic as adolescents during 1968-1971 and 1980-1984 were followed until 2002. Adverse outcomes were documented using information from Swedish national registers. Results: In the older cohort followed to age 50, only one-in-five escaped all six adverse outcomes, while over half of subjects experienced at least two or more. Sex and the severity of adolescent substance misuse and delinquency were predictors of adverse outcomes. More women than men experienced physical illness and poverty in the older cohort while more men than women were convicted of criminal offences in both cohorts and presented continued substance misuse in the younger cohort. Men in the younger as compared to the older cohort had higher rates of substance misuse and criminal convictions. Conclusions: Adolescents seeking help for substance misuse problems are at elevated risk for multiple adverse outcomes later in life. Outcomes differ for women and men and by severity of adolescent misuse and delinquency. Few cohort differences in adult outcomes exist.
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| 26. |
- Tengström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Men with schizophrenia who behave violently : the usefulness of an early- versus late-start offender typology.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Bulletin. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0586-7614 .- 1745-1701. ; 27:2, s. 205-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persons who develop schizophrenia are more likely than nondisordered persons to commit crimes. It is important to investigate those who offend, in order to develop treatment programs that effectively prevent recidivism, and eventually, early childhood violence prevention programs. Recent studies have shown that among offenders with major mental disorders, there are two groups: early starters, who begin their criminal careers in adolescence; and late starters, who first offend as adults. The present study examined 272 violent male offenders with schizophrenia in Sweden who underwent a pretrial psychiatric assessment between 1988 and 1995. Early- and late-start offenders were found to present differences in behavior, comorbid disorders, personality traits, and referrals for treatment in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Their parents also differed. The findings have implications for treatment and management of offenders with schizophrenia, for risk assessment, and for prevention.
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| 27. |
- Tengström, Anders
(författare)
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Mental illness and criminal behavior : individual characteristics related to criminal conduct among violent offenders with schizophrenia
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last decades, interest has increased in structured risk assessment of future violence as well as in research addressing the link between schizophrenia and violence. The overall aim of this study was to extend our knowledge concerning risk assessment and the connection between schizophrenia and criminal behavior. An additional aim was to replicate previous studies from North America in a Swedish socio-cultural context. Method: This study comprised all male violent criminal offenders diagnosed with schizophrenia (N=272) subjected to a pre-sentence forensic psychiatric assessment for the first time between 1988 1995. The study had a retrospective design, where data on background, criminological characteristics and re-offending were obtained through registers and files. Predictive validity for various risk factors was estimated with logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: A psychopathic personality disorder as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) increased the risk for post-discharge violent re-offending. No other investigated risk factors yielded the same strong association to violent failure (Paper I). The historical part of the HCR-20 risk assessment instrument predicted violent recidivism in a short- (2 years) and a long-term (7 years) perspective. The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide predicted violent recidivism in the long- (7 years) but not in the short-term (2 years) perspective. The predictive accuracy as measured by ROC analysis increased over time (Papers II & III). Psychopathy was related to increased violent and non-violent criminality across different age intervals from adolescence to adult age. Substance abuse did not further increase crime rates above the level associated with psychopathy (Paper IV). Offenders with an early onset of criminal behavior differed significantly from those with a later onset in terms of adolescent behavior, adult social conditions, criminality and substance abuse (Paper V). Conclusions The study suggests that psychopathy and historical risk factors should be more in focus when assessing risk for future violence among offenders with schizophrenia. The different trajectories into criminality suggested by the early/late starter typology might have implications for treatment.
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| 28. |
- Tengström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy (PCL-R) as a predictor of violent recidivism among criminal offenders with schizophrenia.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Law and human behavior. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0147-7307 .- 1573-661X. ; 24:1, s. 45-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hare's Psychopathy Checklist--Revised (PCL-R) was used to test the hypothesis that psychopathy predicts violent recidivism in a cohort subjected to forensic psychiatric investigation and consisting of male violent offenders with schizophrenia (N = 202). Psychopathy was assessed with retrospective file-based ratings. Mean follow-up time after detainment was 51 months. Twenty-two percent of the offenders had a PCL-R score > or = 26 (cutoff), and the base rate for violent recidivism (reconvictions) during follow-up was 21%. Survival analysis revealed that psychopathy was strongly associated to violent recidivism (log-rank = 17.71, df = 1, p < 0.0001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of PCL-R total score to predict violent recidivism varied between different time frames from .64 to .75. Cox regression analyses revealed that other potential risk factors could not equally well or better explain violent recidivism in the cohort than psychopathy as measured by PCL-R.
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| 29. |
- Tengström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Schizophrenia and criminal offending : the role of psychopathy and substance use disorders
- 2004
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Ingår i: Criminal justice and behavior. - Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 31:4, s. 367-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the associations of psychopathy and substance use disorders (SUDs) with criminal offending among 202 men with schizophrenia and 78 men with a primary diagnosis of psychopathy. Comparisons among six groups of offenders indicated that non-mentally ill offenders diagnosed with psychopathy committed the highest numbers of offenses per year at risk. Among offenders with schizophrenia, those with high psychopathy scores committed more crimes than those with low psychopathy scores. Among non-mentally ill offenders with psychopathy and schizophrenic offenders with high psychopathy scores, those with and without SUDs committed, on average, similar numbers of offenses. These findings Suggest that among offenders with psychopathic traits, the traits, not substance abuse, are associated with criminal offending.
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| 30. |
- Åström, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Social workers' assessments of needs and interventions for adolescents with substance misuse problems, criminal behaviour and mental health difficulties : a vignette study
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 16:5, s. 635-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the current vignette study was to examine how social workers assess adolescents with substance misuse problems, criminal behaviour and mental health difficulties, and how they make decisions about treatment interventions to reduce these problems. Earlier research has shown lack of knowledge concerning factors and processes that govern assessments and decisions in social work practice. In this anonymously administered survey, social workers in Stockholm, Sweden, were invited to assess fictitious youth issues. We found that social workers recognise the problems and needs of young people, but that they find it harder to link needs to evidence-based interventions. Also, there is a tendency to overrate alleged non-serious problems in the vignettes. We conclude that there is a need for increased knowledge about evidence-based methods and more structured procedures to broaden the basis for decisions.
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