| 1. |
- Bruce, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD and language impairment A study of the parent questionnaire FTF (Five to Fifteen).
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-165X .- 1018-8827. ; 15:1, s. 52-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The parental questionnaire FTF (Five to Fifteen) was given to parents of 76 children (mean age 11 years) diagnosed with ADHD. About half of the children had at least once been referred to a speech- and language pathologist. Most of them had not received any intervention or follow-up. A factor analysis identified six problem areas, which explain close to 75% of the total variation: Cognitive Skills, Motor/Perception, Emotion/Socialisation/Behaviour, Attention, Literacy Skills and Activity Control. The majority of the children had pragmatic problems, which are associated with some of the core aspects of the ADHD symptoms, especially inattention and impulsiveness. Communication and language comprehension caused these children many more problems than expressive language. Problems of reading and writing were very frequent. IQ-score was associated with maths and reading/writing. Additional items reflecting language skills, in particular language comprehension and pragmatics, were also found in other domains in the FTF, mainly in Executive functions, Learning and Social skills. Problems with language and pragmatics thus seem to be associated with the typical problems with learning and social skills in children with ADHD.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term stimulant treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Archives of general psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0003-990X. ; 54, s. 857-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We wanted to study the effects of amphetamine on symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over a longer period than has been reported in previous studies of central stimulants in this condition. Methods: Sixty-two children, aged 6 to 11 years, meeting DSM-III-R symptom criteria for ADHD participated in a parallel-group design, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of amphetamine treatment. Treatment was not restricted to children with "pure" ADHD, ie, some had comorbid diagnoses. In the amphetamine group, children received active treatment for 15 months. Results: Amphetamine was clearly superior to placebo in reducing inattention, hyperactivity, and other disruptive behavior problems and tended to lead to improved results on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised. Treatment failure rate was considerably lower and time to treatment failure was longer in the amphetamine group. Adverse effects were few and relatively mild. Conclusion: The results of this long-term, placebo-controlled study of the central stimulant amphetamine in the treatment of ADHD indicate that there are remaining positive effects of the drug 15 months after starting treatment.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Peik, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD symptoms and maturity - A study in primary school children
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 97:2, s. 233-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To study if age and non-behavioural measures of biological maturity have any associations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Two hundred fifty-one children 7 to 9 years of age in a Swedish school were screened for ADHD-symptom. ADHD-symptoms were estimated by Conners Abbreviated Questionnaire by both parents and teachers. Motor function, body weight and body height were measured. Skeletal age was estimated through hand radiographs. Results: Height, weight and skeletal bone-age did correlate significantly with age (rs = 0.44-0.69, p < 0.001) but not with ADHD symptom scores. Motor dysfunction had a weak negative correlation with age (rs = -0.21, p < 0.05). Parent and teacher scores of ADHD-symptoms did not correlate with age. Conclusion: This study showed that the variables measuring general biological maturity had a strong association with age, whereas motor dysfunction and ADHD symptoms had no significant association with age. ADHD symptoms did not correlate with the variables measuring general biological maturity. These results do not support the hypothesis that a general biological immaturity is an important etiologic factor for ADHD symptomatology. © 2007 The Author(s).
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Peik, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between cerebral blood-flow measured by single photon emission tomography (SPECT), electro-encephalogram (EEG), behaviour symptoms and neurological soft signs in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 89:7, s. 830-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-eight children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were examined with SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). Seven of the children had abnormal distribution of the regional cerebral blood-flow (rCBF) on visual evaluation and 10 had abnormal EEG findings. The only clinical finding that differentiated the group with normal from abnormal rCBF was behaviour symptom load. A factor analysis of the rCBF in different regions of interest yielded one factor with low rCBF in the temporal and cerebellar regions and high rCBF in the subcortical and thalamic regions, which was significantly associated with the degree of motor impairment and results on a cognitive test (WISC). Another factor consisting of high rCBF in frontal and parietal regions had a significant negative correlation with the degree of behaviour symptoms. There was a negative correlation between the rCBF in the right frontal regions and the degree of behaviour symptoms. The number of minor physical anomalies (MPA) was negatively correlated to the rCBF in the frontal lobes bilaterally. These results suggest that there may be at least two functional disturbances in ADHD, one specific neurodevelopmentally determined disturbance of the frontal lobes, especially of the right hemisphere, related to behaviour deviance, and another disturbance of the integration of the temporal lobes, the cerebellum and subcortical structures, related to motor planning and aspects of cognition.
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| 9. |
- Gustafsson, Peik, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and validity of the assessment of neurological soft-signs in children with and without attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder
- 2010
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Ingår i: DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 52:4, s. 364-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM To study the value and reliability of an examination of neurological soft-signs, often used in Sweden, in the assessment of children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), by examining children with and without ADHD, as diagnosed by an experienced clinician using the DSM-III-R. METHOD We have examined interrater reliability (26 males, nine females; age range 5y 6mo-11y), internal consistency (94 males, 43 females; age range 5y 6mo-11y), test-retest reliability (12 males, eight females; age range 6-9y), and validity (79 males, 33 females; age range 5y 6mo-9y). RESULTS The sum of the scores for the items on the examination had good interrater reliability (intraclass correlation [ICC] 0.95) and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbachs alpha 0.76). The test-retest study also showed good reliability (ICC 0.91). There were modest associations between the examination and the assessment of motor function made by the physical education teacher (ICC 0.37) as well as from the parents description (ICC 0.39). The examination of neurological soft-signs had a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.76 in predicting motor problems as evaluated by the physical education teacher. INTERPRETATION The reliability and validity of this examination seem to be good and can be recommended for clinical practice and research.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Peik, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and validity of the assessment of soft signs in children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- 2010
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 52:4, s. 364-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study the value and reliability of an examination of neurological soft-signs, often used in Sweden, in the assessment of children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), by examining children with and without ADHD, as diagnosed by an experienced clinician using the DSM-III-R. METHOD: We have examined interrater reliability (26 males, nine females; age range 5y 6mo-11y), internal consistency (94 males, 43 females; age range 5y 6mo-11y), test-retest reliability (12 males, eight females; age range 6-9y), and validity (79 males, 33 females; age range 5y 6mo-9y). RESULTS: The sum of the scores for the items on the examination had good interrater reliability (intraclass correlation [ICC] 0.95) and acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.76). The test-retest study also showed good reliability (ICC 0.91). There were modest associations between the examination and the assessment of motor function made by the physical education teacher (ICC 0.37) as well as from the parents' description (ICC 0.39). The examination of neurological soft-signs had a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.76 in predicting motor problems as evaluated by the physical education teacher. INTERPRETATION: The reliability and validity of this examination seem to be good and can be recommended for clinical practice and research.
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| 11. |
- Gustafsson, Peik, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of ADHD with Amphetamine; Short-term effects on family interaction
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 12:1, s. 83-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This research seeks to study the impact on family function after 3 months of treatment with amphetamine. Method: A total of 43 children, 6 to 11 years of age, with ADHD were treated with amphetamine for 3 months. Family function was studied before and after treatment by parent self-rating and independent observer ratings of videotaped parent—child interactions. Results: The families with a child with ADHD were found to be more dysfunctional than control families. Families with children with severe ADHD behavior showed evidence of more family dysfunction compared to families with children with less severe ADHD behavior. After 3 months of treatment with amphetamine, the children's behavior and the mother's well-being and some aspects of parent-reported and observer-rated family functioning improved. Conclusion: This study gives support to the notion that some aspects of family dysfunction may be related to the child's ADHD behavior.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Gustafsson, Peik, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Amphetamine: Short-Term Effects on Family Interaction.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 12:1, s. 83-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This research seeks to study the impact on family function after 3 months of treatment with amphetamine. Method: A total of 43 children, 6 to 11 years of age, with ADHD were treated with amphetamine for 3 months. Family function was studied before and after treatment by parent self-rating and independent observer ratings of videotaped parent—child interactions. Results: The families with a child with ADHD were found to be more dysfunctional than control families. Families with children with severe ADHD behavior showed evidence of more family dysfunction compared to families with children with less severe ADHD behavior. After 3 months of treatment with amphetamine, the children's behavior and the mother's well-being and some aspects of parent-reported and observer-rated family functioning improved. Conclusion: This study gives support to the notion that some aspects of family dysfunction may be related to the child's ADHD behavior.
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| 14. |
- Myren, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Atomoxetine's Effect on Societal Costs in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 13:6, s. 618-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare societal costs between patients treated with atomoxetine and placebo in Sweden. Method: Ninety-nine pediatric ADHD patients were randomized to a 10-week double-blind treatment with atomoxetine (n = 49) or placebo (n = 50). All parents received four sessions of psycho-education. Parents filled out a resource utilization questionnaire covering the 10 weeks prior to treatment and the 10-week on-treatment period. Published unit costs/prices were used to calculate costs. Results: Mean on-treatment costs in the atomoxetine group (SEK [Swedish Krona] 4,558) were significantly lower compared with placebo (SEK 7,684) after adjusting for baseline costs and site (p = .007). All 99 patients entered an open atomoxetine extension phase. Both groups had numerical reductions in direct and indirect costs while on atomoxetine treatment during the extension phase. The atomoxetine medication costs were offset by the reductions in direct nonmedical and indirect costs. Conclusions: These data provide preliminary evidence that atomoxetine together with parental psycho education reduces nonmedication costs associated with ADHD in Sweden. (J. of Att. Dis. 2010; 13(6) 618-628)
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| 15. |
- Nylander, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Historik, förekomst och orsaker.
- 2013
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Ingår i: In: G. Thernlund (red.), ADHD och autismspektrum i ett livsperspektiv. En klinisk introduktion till utvecklingsrelaterade kognitivafunktionsproblem.. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9144069006
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
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| 18. |
- Svanborg, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Atomoxetine improves patient and family coping in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Swedish children and adolescents.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European child & adolescent psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-165X .- 1018-8827. ; 18:12, s. 725-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This 10-week study assessed the efficacy of atomoxetine in combination with psychoeducation compared to placebo and psychoeducation in the improvement of Quality of Life in Swedish stimulant-naive children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. A total of 99 patients were treated with atomoxetine (49 patients) or placebo (50 patients) for 10 weeks and assessed regarding broader areas of functioning using the Quality of Life measures Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE), Family Strain Index [FSI; equivalent to the Family Burden of Illness Module used in the study], Appraisal of Stress in Child-Rearing (ASCR), Five to fifteen (FTF), "I think I am" ("Jag tycker jag är"), and Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) before and after the active treatment phase. Simultaneously, the patients' parents participated in a 4-session psychoeducation program. A statistically significant difference in favor of atomoxetine was seen in the improvement from baseline to study endpoint for the CHIP-CE domains "Achievement" and "Risk avoidance", for the FSI total score, for the ASCR section (I) domain "Child as a burden", for all FTF domains except for "Language and Speech", and for the CDRS-R total score. No difference between treatment groups was observed in the patient-assessed evaluation of self-esteem using the "I think I am" scale. Atomoxetine combined with psychoeducation had a positive effect on various everyday coping abilities of the patients as well as their families during 10 weeks of treatment, whereas the patients' self-image and the parents' image of the climate in the family were not significantly improved.
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| 19. |
- Svanborg, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine as add-on to psychoeducation in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in stimulant-naïve Swedish children and adolescents.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European child & adolescent psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-165X .- 1018-8827. ; 18:4, s. 240-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of atomoxetine in combination with psychoeducation, compared with placebo and psychoeducation, on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in Swedish stimulant-naïve pediatric patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). HRQL results will be presented elsewhere. Here, psychoeducation as well as efficacy and safety of the treatment are described. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 99 pediatric ADHD patients were randomized to a 10-week double-blind treatment with atomoxetine (49 patients) or placebo (50 patients). Parents of all patients received four sessions of psychoeducation. Atomoxetine was dosed up to approximately 1.2 mg/kg day (< or = 70 kg) or 80 mg/day (> 70 kg). Improvement of ADHD symptoms was evaluated using the ADHD rating scale (ADHD-RS) and clinical global impression (CGI) rating scales. Safety was assessed based on adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: The study population was predominantly male (80.8%) and diagnosed with the combined ADHD subtype (77.8%). The least square mean (lsmean) change from baseline to endpoint in total ADHD-RS score was -19.0 for atomoxetine patients and -6.3 for placebo patients, resulting in an effect size (ES) of 1.3 at endpoint. Treatment response (reduction in ADHD-RS score of > or = 25 or > or = 40%) was achieved in 71.4 or 63.3% of atomoxetine patients and 28.6 or 14.3% of placebo patients. The lsmean change from baseline to endpoint in CGI-Severity was -1.8 in the atomoxetine group compared with -0.3 in the placebo group. The difference between treatments in CGI-Improvement at endpoint was -1.4 in favor of atomoxetine. No serious AEs occurred. The safety profile of atomoxetine was in line with the current label. CONCLUSIONS: Atomoxetine combined with psychoeducation was superior to placebo and psychoeducation in ADHD core symptoms improvement. The large ES might be a result of including stimulant-naïve patients only, but also may indicate a positive interaction between atomoxetine treatment and psychoeducation, possibly by increased compliance.
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| 20. |
- Thernlund, Gunilla
(författare)
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A Biopsychosocial Approach to the Onset of Childhood Diabetes
- 1996
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is a part of a prospective multi-centre study concerning psychosocial aspects of importance for the onset and course of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The investigated population was all children with onset of IDDM in the participating clinics during 1988 and 1989. Of 79 diseased children, 67 participated in the study. To each child a healthy control child was chosen, 61 accepted to participate. Data was collected by interviews and self-report questionnaires at the first hospital admission, two months after onset, and at the end of the first year. Many of the instruments were designed and/or tested for reliability and validity, as the network map and the crisis questionnaires. The children with diabetes had experienced a higher life stress than the control children, especially during their first two years of life. Some more case children had shown behaviour symptoms before onset than the control children. These facts support the hypothesis that stress might interact with autoimmune mechanisms during the development of the disease. There were insignificant differences between the cases and controls regarding social support and family function. The children did not differ from a normal population by psychological assessment. Most parents reacted with strong to moderate distress at the onset. The children showed lesser reactions than the parents. During the first year, most families adapted well to the disease. A pattern with injection anxiety but low general distress at onset for children and mothers was associated with a better metabolic control during the first two years.
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| 22. |
- Thernlund, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Samtidig psykisk och social ohälsa vid ADHD.
- 2013
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Ingår i: In G. Thernlund (red.), ADHD och autismspektrum i ett livsperspektiv. En klinisk introduktion till utvecklingsrelaterade kognitivafunktionsproblem.. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9144069006
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Thernlund, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Samvariation mellan olika utvecklingsrelaterade funktionshinder.
- 2013
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Ingår i: In: G. Thernlund (red.), ADHD och autismspektrum i ett livsperspektiv. En klinisk introduktion till utvecklingsrelaterade kognitivafunktionsproblem. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9144069006
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
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