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| 2. |
- Thiagarajan, Balasubramanian, et al.
(författare)
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Spin-valley locking in the normal state of a transition-metal dichacogenide superconductor
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metallic transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are benchmark systems for studying and controlling intertwined electronic orders in solids, with superconductivity developing from a charge-density wave state. The interplay between such phases is thought to play a critical role in the unconventional superconductivity of cuprates, Fe-based and heavy-fermion systems, yet even for the more moderately-correlated TMDCs, their nature and origins have proved controversial. Here, we study a prototypical example, 2H-NbSe2, by spin- and angle-resolved photoemission and first-principles theory. We find that the normal state, from which its hallmark collective phases emerge, is characterized by quasiparticles whose spin is locked to their valley pseudospin. This results from a combination of strong spin–orbit interactions and local inversion symmetry breaking, while interlayer coupling further drives a rich three-dimensional momentum dependence of the underlying Fermi-surface spin texture. These findings necessitate a re-investigation of the nature of charge order and superconducting pairing in NbSe2 and related TMDCs.
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| 3. |
- Ndiaye, W., et al.
(författare)
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Bulk electronic structure of Mn5Ge3/Ge(111) films by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 87:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mn5Ge3(001) thin films grown on Ge(111)-c(2 x 8) reconstructed surfaces were studied by angle-resolved photoemission using synchrotron radiation in the 14-94 eV photon energy range. The results obtained in the Gamma ALM plane and in the Gamma AHK plane are in agreement with simulations starting with band structure calculations based on the density functional theory. This provides a unique validation of band structure calculations for a proper description of the electronic properties of Mn5Ge3. Only the spectral feature very close to the Fermi level cannot be well explained by the simulation. This departure is discussed in terms of the three-dimensional nature of the sample and of correlation effects.
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| 4. |
- Ndiaye, W., et al.
(författare)
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k dependence of the spin polarization in Mn5Ge3/Ge(111) thin films
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 91:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mn5Ge3(001) thin films grown on Ge(111) were studied by angle-and spin-resolved photoemission using synchrotron radiation in the 17-40 eV photon energy range. The photoelectron spectra were simulated starting from a first-principles band-structure calculation for the ground state, using the free-electron approximation for the final states, taking into account photohole lifetime effects and k(perpendicular to) broadening plus correlation effects, but ignoring transition matrix elements. The measured spin polarizations for the various k points investigated in the Gamma MLA plane of the Brillouin zone are found to be in fair enough agreement with the simulated ones, providing a strong support to the ground-state band-structure calculations. Possible origins for the departures between either simulations and experiments or previous and present experiments are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Polley, Craig, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of topological crystalline insulator surface states on (111)-oriented Pb1-xSnxSe films
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 89:7, s. 075317-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements of the surface states on in-situ grown (111) oriented films of Pb1-xSnxSe, a three-dimensional topological crystalline insulator. We observe surface states with Dirac-like dispersion at (Gamma) over bar and (M) over bar in the surface Brillouin zone, supporting recent theoretical predictions for this family of materials. We study the parallel dispersion isotropy and Dirac-point binding energy of the surface states, and perform tight-binding calculations to support our findings. The relative simplicity of the growth technique is encouraging, and suggests a clear path for future investigations into the role of strain, vicinality, and alternative surface orientations in (Pb,Sn)Se solid solutions.
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| 6. |
- Wojek, Bastian M., et al.
(författare)
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Spin-polarized (001) surface states of the topological crystalline insulator Pb0.73Sn0.27Se
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 87:11, s. 115106-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the nature of (001) surface states in Pb0.73Sn0.27Se in the newly discovered topological-crystalline-insulator (TCI) phase as well as the corresponding topologically trivial state above the band-gap-inversion temperature. Our calculations predict not only metallic surface states with a nontrivial chiral spin structure for the TCI case, but also nonmetallic (gapped) surface states with nonzero spin polarization when the system is a normal insulator. For both phases, angle- and spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy measurements provide conclusive evidence for the formation of these (001) surface states in Pb0.73Sn0.27Se, as well as for their chiral spin structure.
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| 7. |
- Belopolski, Ilya, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of a linked-loop quantum state in a topological magnet
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 604:7907, s. 647-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum phases can be classified by topological invariants, which take on discrete values capturing global information about the quantum state1–13. Over the past decades, these invariants have come to play a central role in describing matter, providing the foundation for understanding superfluids5, magnets6,7, the quantum Hall effect3,8, topological insulators9,10, Weyl semimetals11–13 and other phenomena. Here we report an unusual linking-number (knot theory) invariant associated with loops of electronic band crossings in a mirror-symmetric ferromagnet14–20. Using state-of-the-art spectroscopic methods, we directly observe three intertwined degeneracy loops in the material’s three-torus, T3, bulk Brillouin zone. We find that each loop links each other loop twice. Through systematic spectroscopic investigation of this linked-loop quantum state, we explicitly draw its link diagram and conclude, in analogy with knot theory, that it exhibits the linking number (2, 2, 2), providing a direct determination of the invariant structure from the experimental data. We further predict and observe, on the surface of our samples, Seifert boundary states protected by the bulk linked loops, suggestive of a remarkable Seifert bulk–boundary correspondence. Our observation of a quantum loop link motivates the application of knot theory to the exploration of magnetic and superconducting quantum matter.
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| 8. |
- Feng, Lei, et al.
(författare)
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Designing communicating transaction processes by supervisory control theory
- 2007
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Ingår i: Formal methods in system design. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9856 .- 1572-8102. ; 30:2, s. 117-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Communicating Transaction Process (CTP) is a computational model that serves as a high level specification language for reactive embedded system components and their interactions. It consists of a network of communicating processes coordinating their behaviors via common actions and the common actions are refined as a set of guarded Message Sequence Charts (MSCs). There has been little work devoted to developing CTP models systematically. This paper takes the first step towards bridging this gap. In our work, communicating processes of embedded components are modeled and controlled as Discrete-Event Systems (DES). The control logic among communicating components is derived by Supervisory Control Theory (SCT), so as to guarantee that the communicating processes meet all predefined constraints and possess other desirable system behavioral properties. The control logic is then translated into propositional formulas for guarded MSCs which then results in a CTP model with guaranteed behavioral properties.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Liu, Bing, et al.
(författare)
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A Computational and Experimental Study of the Regulatory Mechanisms of the Complement System
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS Computational Biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7358. ; 70:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complement system is key to innate immunity and its activation is necessary for the clearance of bacteria and apoptotic cells. However, insufficient or excessive complement activation will lead to immune-related diseases. It is so far unknown how the complement activity is up- or down-regulated and what the associated pathophysiological mechanisms are. To quantitatively understand the modulatory mechanisms of the complement system, we built a computational model involving the enhancement and suppression mechanisms that regulate complement activity. Our model consists of a large system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) accompanied by a dynamic Bayesian network as a probabilistic approximation of the ODE dynamics. Applying Bayesian inference techniques, this approximation was used to perform parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis. Our combined computational and experimental study showed that the antimicrobial response is sensitive to changes in pH and calcium levels, which determines the strength of the crosstalk between CRP and L-ficolin. Our study also revealed differential regulatory effects of C4BP. While C4BP delays but does not decrease the classical complement activation, it attenuates but does not significantly delay the lectin pathway activation. We also found that the major inhibitory role of C4BP is to facilitate the decay of C3 convertase. In summary, the present work elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of the complement system and demonstrates how the bio-pathway machinery maintains the balance between activation and inhibition. The insights we have gained could contribute to the development of therapies targeting the complement system.
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| 11. |
- Riley, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Direct observation of spin-polarized bulk bands in an inversion-symmetric semiconductor
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Physics. - 1745-2473. ; 10:11, s. 835-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methods to generate spin-polarized electronic states in nonmagnetic solids are strongly desired to enable all-electrical manipulation of electron spins for new quantum devices(1). This is generally accepted to require breaking global structural inversion symmetry(1-5). In contrast, here we report the observation from spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of spin-polarized bulk states in the centrosymmetric transition-metal dichalcogenide WSe2. Mediated by a lack of inversion symmetry in constituent structural units of the bulk crystal where the electronic states are localized(6), we show how spin splittings up to similar to 0.5 eV result, with a spin texture that is strongly modulated in both real and momentum space. Through this, our study provides direct experimental evidence for a putative locking of the spin with the layer and valley pseudospins in transition-metal dichalcogenides(7,8), of key importance for using these compounds in proposed valleytronic devices.
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