| 1. |
- Astor, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Gaze following emergence relies on both perceptual cues and social awareness
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cognitive development. - : Elsevier. - 0885-2014 .- 1879-226X. ; 60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decades of research have emphasized the significance of gaze following in early development. Yet, the developmental origin of this ability has remained poorly understood. We tested the claims made by two prominent theoretical perspectives to answer whether infants gaze following response is based on perceptual (motion of the head) or social cues (gaze direction). We found that 12-month-olds (N = 30) are able to inhibit motion cues and exclusively follow the direction of others' gaze. Six- (N = 29) and 4-month-olds (N = 30) can follow gaze, with a sensitivity to both perceptual and social cues. These results align with the perceptual narrowing hypothesis of gaze following emergence, suggesting that social and perceptual cueing are non-exclusive paths to early developing gaze following.
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| 2. |
- Steffan, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of an open source, remote web-based eye-tracking method (WebGazer) for research in early childhood
- 2024
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Ingår i: Infancy. - 1525-0008 .- 1532-7078. ; 29:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measuring eye movements remotely via the participant's webcam promises to be an attractive methodological addition to in-person eye-tracking in the lab. However, there is a lack of systematic research comparing remote web-based eye-tracking with in-lab eye-tracking in young children. We report a multi-lab study that compared these two measures in an anticipatory looking task with toddlers using WebGazer.js and jsPsych. Results of our remotely tested sample of 18-27-month-old toddlers (N=125) revealed that web-based eye-tracking successfully captured goal-based action predictions, although the proportion of the goal-directed anticipatory looking was lower compared to the in-lab sample (N=70). As expected, attrition rate was substantially higher in the web-based (42%) than the in-lab sample (10%). Excluding trials based on visual inspection of the match of time-locked gaze coordinates and the participant's webcam video overlayed on the stimuli was an important preprocessing step to reduce noise in the data. We discuss the use of this remote web-based method in comparison with other current methodological innovations. Our study demonstrates that remote web-based eye-tracking can be a useful tool for testing toddlers, facilitating recruitment of larger and more diverse samples; a caveat to consider is the larger drop-out rate.
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| 3. |
- Thiele, Maleen, et al.
(författare)
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Social interaction targets enhance 13-month-old infants' associative learning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Infancy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1525-0008 .- 1532-7078. ; 26:3, s. 409-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infants are attentive to third-party interactions, but the underlying mechanisms of this preference remain understudied. This study examined whether 13-month-old infants (N = 32) selectively learn cue-target associations guiding them to videos depicting a social interaction scene. In a visual learning task, two geometrical shapes were repeatedly paired with two kinds of target videos: two adults interacting with one another (social interaction) or the same adults acting individually (non-interactive control). Infants performed faster saccadic latencies and more predictive gaze shifts toward the cued target region during social interaction trials. These findings suggest that social interaction targets can serve as primary reinforcers in an associative learning task, supporting the view that infants find it intrinsically valuable to observe others' interactions.
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