| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Thierfelder, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the effect of DEM resolution on performance of cartographic depth-to-water maps, for planning logging operations
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0303-2434 .- 1569-8432. ; 108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable and accurate soil moisture maps are needed to minimise the risk of soil disturbance during logging operations. Depth-to-water (DTW) maps extracted from digital elevation models have shown potential for identifying water flow paths and associated wet and moist areas, based on surface topography. We have examined whether DEMs from airborne LiDAR data with varying point density can improve performance of DTW maps in planning logging operations. Soil moisture content was estimated on eight sites after logging operations and compared to DTW maps created from DEMs with resolutions of 2 m, 1 m, and 0.5 m. Different threshold values for wet soil (1 m and 1.5 m depth to water) were also tested. The map performances, measured by accuracy (ACC) and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), changed slightly (79%, 81% and 82% and 0.33, 0.26 and 0.30 respectively) when DEM resolutions varied from 2 m to 1 m, and 0.5 m. The corresponding values when the DTW threshold value for wet/dry soil changed from 1 m to 1.5 m were 70%, 72%, 71% and 0.38, 0.41 and 0.39. LiDAR-based DEM resolutions of 1–2 m were found to be sufficient for extraction of DTW maps during planning of logging operations, when knowledge about soil hydrological features, associated wet and moist areas, and their connectivity is beneficial.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Callaghan, Terry V., et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic : complex processes and multiple drivers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 368:1624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600%). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented.
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| 6. |
- Cederlund, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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Degradation and Leaching of Fluroxypyr after Application to Railway Tracks
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Quality. - : Wiley. - 0047-2425 .- 1537-2537. ; 41, s. 1884-1892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluroxypyr is an auxin-type herbicide used for postemergent control of broad-leaved weeds in agriculture and in nonagricultural environments such as railways. The overall aim of this study was to assess the potential environmental impact from fluroxypyr application to railway tracks and to elucidate some of the factors that control its environmental fate. In laboratory studies, we examined the degradation of fluroxypyr and the formation of its metabolites fluroxypyr-methoxypyridine (F-MP) and fluroxypyr-pyridinol (F-P) in soil from two Swedish railways. We also investigated the degradation and leaching of fluroxypyr in three different railway plots treated with fluroxypyr (360 g at ha(-1)). The half-life of fluroxypyr in soil samples ranged between 28 and 78 d. An estimated mean 48.6 +/- 20% of the fluroxypyr was converted into F-P and 8.0 +/- 2% into F-MP. The main metabolite, F-P, was rapidly degraded, with an average half-life of 10 +/- 5 d. However, F-MP was not degraded to a significant degree in any sample, resulting in slowly increasing concentrations throughout the experiment. This pattern of relatively rapid degradation of F-P and slow accumulation of F-MP was also observed in the field. The persistent nature of F-MP may be of concern if fluroxypyr is used repeatedly at the same location. Fluroxypyr was detected in the groundwater beneath the track at all three locations studied in concentrations exceeding the EU limit of 0.1 mu g L-1 for pesticides in drinking water, and F-P was detected in the groundwater at two of three locations. The most important factor controlling fluroxypyr degradation rate in soil was the soil water content, which modulated microbial activity and presumably also fluroxypyr availability to microorganisms. Our findings imply that fluroxypyr may not be a suitable herbicide for weed control on railway tracks.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Eliasson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Sieve Size on Chipper Productivity, Fuel Consumption and Chip Size Distribution for Open Drum Chippers
- 2015
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Ingår i: Croatian Journal Of Forest Engineering. - 1845-5719. ; 36, s. 11-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chip size distribution is an important quality variable not only for buyers of forest fuels, but also for chipping contractors as it influences both fuel consumption and productivity of chippers. Studies of disc chippers and of drum chippers with closed drums have shown that increased chip target length increases chipper productivity and decreases fuel consumption per ton of chips produced. For open drum chippers, chip length is partly controlled by the mesh size in the sieve. In order to evaluate how this sieve affects productivity and fuel consumption of chippers, two open drum machines for professional chipping of forest fuels were studied. Small chippers were represented by a Kesla 645, and larger ones by an Eschlbock Biber 92. The Kesla 645 was studied with 25, 50, and 100 mm sieves and the Biber 92 with 35, 50, and 100 mm sieves. With the 100 mm sieve the Kesla chipper produced 14.5 oven dry ton (odt) of chips per effective hour and the Biber 30.0 odt per effective hour. Fuel consumption per odt was 3.0 l for the Kesla and 2.1 l for the Biber. A reduction of sieve mesh size decreased productivity and increased fuel consumption for both machines. Reducing the mesh size decreased the size of produced chips for the Kesla, but not for the Biber. The sieve on the Biber seems to be a safety measure against oversized pieces whereas chip size is, as on a closed drum chipper, mainly controlled by the cut length of the knives.
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| 9. |
- Elmgren Frykberg, Gunilla, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of stroke on anterior-posterior force generation prior to seat-off during sit-to-walk
- 2012
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Ingår i: Gait & Posture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0966-6362 .- 1879-2219. ; 35:1, s. 56-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Force generation during sit-to-walk (STW) post-stroke is a poorly studied area, although STW is a common daily transfer giving rise to a risk of falling in persons with disability. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare strategies for anterior-posterior (AP) force generation prior to seat-off during the STW transfer in both subjects with stroke and in matched controls. During STW at self-selected speed, AP force data were collected by 4 force plates, beneath the buttocks and feet from eight subjects with stroke '(>6 months after onset) and 8 matched controls. Subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis and matched controls generated a similar magnitude of total AP force impulses (F-1.71 = 0.67; p = 0.42) beneath buttocks and feet prior to seat-off during STW. However, there were significant group differences in AP force impulse generation beneath the stance buttock (i.e. the non-paretic buttock in the stroke group), with longer duration (F-1.71 = 8.78; p <0.005), larger net AP impulse (F-1.71 = 6.76; p < 0.05) and larger braking impulse (F-1.71 = 7.24; p <0.05) in the stroke group. The total braking impulse beneath buttocks and feet was about 4.5 times larger in the stroke group than in the control group (F-1.71 = 8.84; p < 0.005). An intra-and inter-limb dys-coordination with substantial use of braking impulses was demonstrated in the stroke group. This motor strategy differed markedly from the smooth force interaction in the control group. These results might be important in the development of treatment models related to locomotion post-stroke.
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| 10. |
- Evengård, Birgitta, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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CLINF : climate-change effects on the epidemiology of infectious diseases, and the associated impacts on northern societies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic perspectives on the responsible development of the Arctic. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783030523237 - 9783030523268 - 9783030523244 ; , s. 49-70
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research initiative CLINF addresses a central issue in planning for the responsible development of the North: an understanding of the impact of climate change on the geographic distribution and epidemiology of climate sensitive infectious diseases (CSIs), and their associated consequences for Arctic health, economic growth, and societal prosperity. Changes in infectious diseases transmission patterns are a likely consequence of changing climates, a neglected problem that is likely to have a profound effect on northern societies, including indigenous cultures. There is an urgent need to learn more about the complex underlying dynamic relationships, and apply this information to the prediction of future CSI impacts, using more complete, better validated, and integrated data and models. This chapter provides an overview of the thoughts behind the CLINF NCoE (Nordic Centre of Excellence), and the integrative context expressed therein. The most recent findings regarding climate change in the Arctic, as published by IPCC and other global networks, are presented. In the international CLINF consortium of researchers, nine human and 18 animal husbandry diseases have been selected for study due to their potential for being climate sensitive. The human infections were selected by an international consortium of researchers, to represent fundamentally different transmission processes. The main CLINF objectives are the construction of practical tools for the decision-makers who are responsible for the development of northern societies. By contributing to the development of an early warning system for increased risks for CSIs to spread at the local level effective policy responses may be formulated. The overall aim of CLINF is to support the sustainability of Arctic development.
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| 11. |
- Evengård, Birgitta, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy ecosystems for human and animal health : Science diplomacy for responsible development in the Arctic
- 2021
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Ingår i: Polar Record. - : Cambridges Institutes Press. - 0032-2474 .- 1475-3057. ; 57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate warming is occurring most rapidly in the Arctic, which is both a sentinel and a driver of further global change. Ecosystems and human societies are already affected by warming. Permafrost thaws and species are on the move, bringing pathogens and vectors to virgin areas. During a five-year project, the CLINF - a Nordic Center of Excellence, funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers, has worked with the One Health concept, integrating environmental data with human and animal disease data in predictive models and creating maps of dynamic processes affecting the spread of infectious diseases. It is shown that tularemia outbreaks can be predicted even at a regional level with a manageable level of uncertainty. To decrease uncertainty, rapid development of new and harmonised technologies and databases is needed from currently highly heterogeneous data sources. A major source of uncertainty for the future of contaminants and infectious diseases in the Arctic, however, is associated with which paths the majority of the globe chooses to follow in the future. Diplomacy is one of the most powerful tools Arctic nations have to influence these choices of other nations, supported by Arctic science and One Health approaches that recognise the interconnection between people, animals, plants and their shared environment at the local, regional, national and global levels as essential for achieving a sustainable development for both the Arctic and the globe.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Frykberg, Gunilla, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Locomotor coordination during the sit-to-walk transfer is different in subjects with stroke and controls
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: To describe and to compare coordination of centre of mass (COM) horizontal and vertical momenta, and fluidity during the sit-to-walk (STW) transfer in subjects with stroke and in matched controls. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: Ten subjects with stroke in the post-acute phase (> 6 months) and ten control subjects, matched for sex, age, height and weight, were recruited through a convenience sample. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Magnitudes and timing of COM peak horizontal and peak vertical momenta, scores on the Fluidity Scale (FS) and values of the Fluidity Index (FI). Results: The stroke subjects generated significantly less COM peak horizontal and peak vertical momenta. Latencies from STW-onset and seat-off to the peaks differed significantly between the two groups. The subjects with stroke displayed significantly lower scores on the FS as well as lower percentages of the FI. Conclusions: While rising to walk, scaling and timing parameters of COM horizontal and vertical momenta differed significantly between subjects with stroke and matched controls. This atypical motor strategy needs to be further investigated before it is possible to make clinical recommendations.
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| 15. |
- Ghafoor, Abdul, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements and modeling of pesticide persistence in soil at the catchment scale
- 2011
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 409, s. 1900-1908
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Degradation of pesticides in soils is both spatially variable and also one of the most sensitive factors determining losses to surface water and groundwater. To date, no general guidance is available on suitable approaches for dealing with spatial variation in pesticide degradation in catchment or regional scale modeling applications. The purpose of the study was therefore to study the influence of various soil physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics on pesticide persistence in the contrasting cultivated soils found in a small (13 km(2)) agricultural catchment in Sweden and to develop and test a simple model approach that could support catchment scale modeling. Persistence of bentazone, glyphosate and isoproturon was investigated in laboratory incubation experiments. Degradation rate constants were highly variable with coefficients of variation ranging between 42 and 64% for the three herbicides. Multiple linear regression analysis and Mallows Cp statistic were employed to select the best set of independent parameters accounting for the variation in degradation. Soil pH and the proportion of active microorganisms (r) together explained 69% of the variation in the bentazone degradation rate constant; the Freundlich sorption co-efficient (K-f) and soil laccase activity together explained 88% of the variation in degradation rate of glyphosate, while soil pH was a significant predictor (p < 0.05) for isoproturon persistence. However, correlations between many potential predictor variables made clear interpretations of the statistical analysis difficult. Multiplicative models based on two predictors chosen 'a priori', one accounting for microbial activity (e.g. microbial respiration, laccase activity or the surrogate variable soil organic carbon, SOC) and one accounting for the effects of sorption on bioavailability, showed promise to support predictions of degradation for large-scale modeling applications, explaining up to 50% of the variation in herbicide persistence. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Hernandez, Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Time lag between peak concentrations of plasma and salivary cortisol following a stressful procedure in dairy cattle
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Measurement of salivary cortisol has been used extensively as a non-invasive alternative to blood sampling to assess adrenal activity in ruminants. However, there is evidence suggesting a considerable delay in the transfer of cortisol from plasma into saliva. Previous studies in cattle have used long sampling intervals making it difficult to characterise the relationship between plasma and salivary cortisol (PLCort and SACort, respectively) concentrations at different time points and determine whether or not such a time lag exist in large ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterise the relationship between plasma and salivary cortisol and determine if there is a significant time lag between reaching peak cortisol concentrations in plasma and saliva across a 4.25 h time-period, using short sampling intervals of 10-15 min, following social separation in dairy cattle.Five cows were separated from their calves at 4 days after calving, and six calves were separated from a group of four peers at 8 weeks of age. Following separation, the animals were moved to an unfamiliar surrounding where they could not see their calves or pen mates. The animals were catheterised with indwelling jugular catheters 1 day before sampling. Blood and saliva samples were obtained simultaneously before and after separation.Results: In response to the stressors, PLCort and SACort increased reaching peak concentrations 10 and 20 min after separation, respectively. This suggested a 10 min time lag between peak cortisol concentrations in plasma and saliva, which was further confirmed with a time-series analysis. Considering the 10 min time lag, SACort was strongly correlated with PLCort (P < 0.0001).Conclusions: Salivary cortisol correlates well with plasma cortisol and is a good indicator of the time-dependent variations in cortisol concentrations in plasma following acute stress. However, there is a time lag to reach peak cortisol concentrations in saliva compared to those in plasma, which should be considered when saliva samples are used as the only measure of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress in cattle.
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| 19. |
- Kyhlbäck, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Physiotherapy treatment of the diabetic shoulder. A longitudinal study following patients with diabetes and shoulder pain using a pre-post treatment design.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 36:7, s. 556-562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate a physiotherapy program targeted to reduce pain intensity and improve the daily functioning of diabetics with shoulder problems. It was hypothesized that patients receiving specific physiotherapy treatment improved more frequently and rapidly than diabetic patients followed up without specific physiotherapeutic intervention. Method: A pre-post treatment design was completed for a group of 10 subjects. The treatment protocol, also applied during the daily activities of the subjects, was aiming at reducing pain intensity and shoulder stiffness and improving impaired functioning in daily activities by muscle relaxation, light-load exercise and enhancing proper shoulder co-ordination. Results: The group analysis showed significant decrease of pain intensity level as well as improved shoulder functioning and sustained level of subject self-efficacy beliefs throughout the study period. Conclusions: The results suggest that it is possible to relieve shoulder pain intensity and improve daily activities of patients with diabetes-related shoulder problems by employing a physiotherapy program focusing on muscle relaxation, light-load exercise and on the enhancement of proper shoulder co-ordination in daily activities.Implications for RehabilitationA physiotherapy program can be effective in reducing pain and improving shoulder function in diabetics with shoulder problems.The treatment should focus on muscle relaxation, light-load exercise and on the enhancement of proper shoulder co-ordination in daily activities.
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| 20. |
- Kyhlbäck, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Physiotherapy treatment of the diabetic shoulder: health-related quality of life and measures of shoulder function regarding patients with type 1 diabetes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 41:12, s. 1435-1442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate how health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and functional shoulder range of motion are affected among patients with diabetes with shoulder problems, treated with a specific physiotherapy programme. A further aim was to investigate how health-related quality of life, functional shoulder range of motion, pain intensity, and shoulder function correlate within the group of patients after the treatment period. Method: A pre-post treatment design was applied for a study group of ten patients with type 1 diabetes and shoulder problems. The physiotherapy treatment consisted of exercises promoting enhanced micro-circulation in the shoulder tissues, optimal shoulder co-ordination, and muscle relaxation. The Short Form-36 (SF-36), shoulder range of motion measures, the Shoulder Rating Scale - Swedish version, and pain intensity measures were used. The results regarding SF-36 were compared with the results of a control group of patients having either type 1 or type 2 diabetes and shoulder problems that did not receive any specific physiotherapy treatment. Results: As a potential result of physiotherapy training, a significant change towards higher scores was observed in the physical component summary (PCS) measure of SF-36. There was a significant improvement regarding PCS in the study group as compared with the control group. There were negative correlations between the four aspects of pain intensity and PCS and Shoulder Rating Scale - Swedish version, respectively, but a positive correlation between PCS and Shoulder Rating Scale - Swedish version. "Hand-raising" and "hand-behind-back" were significantly improved, and proved to be positively correlated with Shoulder Rating Scale - Swedish version. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that patients with type 1 diabetes and shoulder problems, treated with a specific physiotherapy programme, may improve with respect to physical aspects of health-related quality of life, and partially regain their range of motion in the shoulder joint. Based on these results, the associated treatment protocol may be recommended for physiotherapy treatment in such patients.
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| 21. |
- Kyhlbäck, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic factors in whiplash-associated disorders
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0342-5282 .- 1473-5660. ; 25:3, s. 181-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) have become an increasing problem over the years and many authors have addressed the issue. The aim of the present study is to identify predictors for perceived disability and self-registered pain from a functional perspective, as well as to study the temporal evolution of patients' complaints. Eighty-three patients suffering from pain in the neck following acute whiplash injury were included in the study and they were consecutively monitored at three weeks, three months and one year after injury. The results suggest that a linear combination of sex, self-efficacy and WAD grade significantly explains 24% of the variation observed in pain intensity at the one-year follow-up, whereas a linear combination of self-efficacy, sex and age significantly explains 36% of the variation observed in disability at the one-year follow-up. Five per cent of the patients were non-symptomatic at the first monitoring occasion and 16% at the one-year follow-up. It is concluded that WAD patients' self-efficacy at an early stage after whiplash injury significantly predicts the temporal development of pain intensity and disability. It may therefore be suggested that patients' confidence in performing daily activities should be reinforced in order to optimize treatment after whiplash injury.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Leibovici, Didier G., et al.
(författare)
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Associating land cover changes with patterns of incidences of climate-sensitive infections : An example on tick-borne diseases in the nordic area
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some of the climate-sensitive infections (CSIs) affecting humans are zoonotic vector-borne diseases, such as Lyme borreliosis (BOR) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), mostly linked to various species of ticks as vectors. Due to climate change, the geographical distribution of tick species, their hosts, and the prevalence of pathogens are likely to change. A recent increase in human incidences of these CSIs in the Nordic regions might indicate an expansion of the range of ticks and hosts, with vegetation changes acting as potential predictors linked to habitat suitability. In this paper, we study districts in Fennoscandia and Russia where incidences of BOR and TBE have steadily increased over the 1995–2015 period (defined as ’Well Increasing districts’). This selection is taken as a proxy for increasing the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens due to increased habitat suitability for ticks and hosts, thus simplifying the multiple factors that explain incidence variations. This approach allows vegetation types and strengths of correlation specific to the WI districts to be differentiated and compared with associations found over all districts. Land cover types and their changes found to be associated with increasing human disease incidence are described, indicating zones with potential future higher risk of these diseases. Combining vegetation cover and climate variables in regression models shows the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors linked to CSI incidences and identifies some differences between BOR and TBE. Regression model projections up until 2070 under different climate scenarios depict possible CSI progressions within the studied area and are consistent with the observed changes over the past 20 years.
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| 24. |
- Ma, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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Linking climate and infectious disease trends in the Northern/Arctic Region
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recognition of climate-sensitive infectious diseases is crucial for mitigating health threats from climate change. Recent studies have reasoned about potential climate sensitivity of diseases in the Northern/Arctic Region, where climate change is particularly pronounced. By linking disease and climate data for this region, we here comprehensively quantify empirical climate-disease relationships. Results show significant relationships of borreliosis, leptospirosis, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Puumala virus infection, cryptosporidiosis, and Q fever with climate variables related to temperature and freshwater conditions. These data-driven results are consistent with previous reasoning-based propositions of climate-sensitive infections as increasing threats for humans, with notable exceptions for TBE and leptospirosis. For the latter, the data imply decrease with increasing temperature and precipitation experienced in, and projected for, the Northern/Arctic Region. This study provides significant data-based underpinning for simplified empirical assessments of the risks of several infectious diseases under future climate change.
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| 25. |
- Omazic, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Discrepancies in data reporting of zoonotic infectious diseases across the Nordic countries : a call for action in the era of climate change
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 78:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging infections have in recent years caused enormous health problems. About 70% of these infections are zoonotic e.g. arise from natural foci in the environment. As climate change impacts ecosystems there is an ongoing transition of infectious diseases in humans. With the fastest changes of the climate occurring in the Arctic, this area is important to monitor for infections with potentials to be climate sensitive. To meet the increasing demand for evidence-based policies regarding climate-sensitive infectious diseases, epidemiological studies are vital. A review of registered data for nine potentially climate-sensitive infections, collected from health authorities in Denmark/Greenland, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, found that performing such studies across countries is constrained by incompatible reporting systems and differences in regulations. To address this, international standardisation is recommended.
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| 26. |
- Omazic, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying climate-sensitive infectious diseases in animals and humans in Northern regions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : BioMed Central. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 61:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: General knowledge on climate change effects and adaptation strategies has increased significantly in recent years. However, there is still a substantial information gap regarding the influence of climate change on infectious diseases and how these diseases should be identified. From a One Health perspective, zoonotic infections are of particular concern. The climate in Northern regions is changing faster than the global average. This study sought to identify climate-sensitive infectious diseases (CSIs) of relevance for humans and/or animals living in Northern regions. Inclusion criteria for CSIs were constructed using expert assessments. Based on these principles, 37 potential CSIs relevant for Northern regions were identified. A systematic literature search was performed in three databases using an explicit stepwise approach to determine whether the literature supports selection of these 37 potential CSIs.Results: In total, 1275 nominated abstracts were read and categorised using predefined criteria. Results showed that arthropod vector-borne diseases in particular are recognised as having potential to expand their distribution towards Northern latitudes and that tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis, midge-borne bluetongue and the parasitic infection fasciolosis can be classified as climate-sensitive. Many of the other potential CSIs considered are affected by extreme weather events, but could not be clearly classified as climate-sensitive. An additional literature search comparing awareness of climate influences on potential CSIs between 1997-2006 and 2007-2016 showed an increase in the number of papers mentioning effects of climate change.Conclusions: The four CSIs identified in this study could be targeted in a systematic surveillance programme in Northern regions. It is evident that climate change can affect the epidemiology and geographical range of many infectious diseases, but there were difficulties in identifying additional CSIs, most likely because other factors may be of equal or greater importance. However, climate-ecological dynamics are constantly under change, and therefore diseases may fall in or out of the climate-sensitive definition over time. There is increasing awareness in the literature of the effects of climate change on infectious diseases over time.
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| 27. |
- Orlov, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy Ecosystems Are a Prerequisite for Human Health-A Call for Action in the Era of Climate Change with a Focus on Russia
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:22
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Throughout history, humans have experienced epidemics. The balance of living in nature encircled by microorganisms is delicate. More than 70% of today's emerging infections are zoonotic, i.e., those in which microorganisms transmitted from animals infect humans. Species are on the move at speeds never previously recorded, among ongoing climate change which is especially rapid at high latitudes. This calls for intensified international surveillance of Northern infectious diseases. Russia holds the largest area of thawing permafrost among Northern nations, a process which threatens to rapidly disrupt the balance of nature. In this paper, we provide details regarding Russian health infrastructure in order to take the first steps toward a collaborative international survey of Northern infections and international harmonization of the procured data.
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| 28. |
- Sjöberg, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Ban of a broad-spectrum insecticide in apple orchards: effects on tortricid populations, management strategies, and fruit damage
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Pest Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4758 .- 1612-4766. ; 88, s. 767-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the ban of Gusathion(A (R)) (azinphosmethyl) as insecticide in Swedish apple orchards on tortricid moth population density and tortricid-induced crop damage. In addition, the effects on growers' management strategies, such as choice of spraying dates and alternative insecticide combinations, were studied. Populations of Adoxophyes orana, Archips podana, Archips rosana, Cydia pomonella, Pandemis heparana, Hedya nubiferana, and Spilonota ocellana were monitored using sex-pheromone traps during the four consecutive seasons of 2008-2011, with annual crop damage estimates made prior to harvest. Azinphosmethyl was banned after 2008. Significantly increasing population densities were observed in A. orana, A. podana, C. pomonella, and H. nubiferana, whereas correspondingly increasing crop damage was observed only in the case of C. pomonella. The growers' management strategies, with respect to number and timing of spray applications, did not change during the study period although the insecticides available after the ban were less persistent and more specific, i.e., either with primarily ovicidal or larvicidal effect. Analysis of a broad range of factors showed that temperatures during winter and spring, number and timing of insecticide applications, and usage of azinphosmethyl in 2008 were important factors affecting population size and the damage caused by the tortricid species studied.
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| 29. |
- Sjöberg, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of temperature sum models and timing of Quassia amara (Simaroubaceae) wood-chip extract to control apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea Klug) in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Pest Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4758 .- 1612-4766. ; 88, s. 301-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea Klug) is a serious pest in European organic apple production. They hatch during a short period only, making correct timing of control measures crucial. Swedish organic growers have requested a strategy for optimal timing of the Quassia amara (Simaroubaceae) extract against the apple sawfly. The aim of this study was, therefore, to develop methods to predict the timing of Q. amara control in Sweden. A temperature sum model for timely placement of monitoring or mass-trapping sticky traps was validated for Swedish conditions. The average emergence of sawflies occurred at 169 degree days (SD = 20) counted from March 15 (threshold temperature 4 A degrees C). The difference in emergence from existing first flight model of average and maximum 9 and 39 degree days (1 and 9 calendar days) was found acceptable. Accumulated oviposition of 85 % at full bloom (BBCH 65) suggests that mass trapping and monitoring could stop at this time. This is supported by a tendency of decreased trap catches during that period. Three application times for Q. amara were compared: (A) at petal fall (BBCH 67), (B) at a date calculated using female trap catch numbers and temperature sums, and (C) prior to peak egg hatch observed in the field. All treatments resulted in significantly lower percentage of damaged apples compared to the unsprayed control, with significantly less damage (1.3 %) in plots treated according to method (B). The results provide information on adult phenology and methods that could be used to determine timing of mass trapping and insecticide application against the apple sawfly.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Thierfelder, Tomas
(författare)
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Beyond K-means: Clusters Identification for GIS.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Information Fusion and Geographic Information systems: Towards the Digital Ocean. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642197659 ; 5:5, s. 93-105
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clustering is an important concept for analysis of data in GIS. Due to the potentially large amount of data in such systems, the time complexity for clustering algorithms is critical. K-means is a popular clustering algorithm for large-scale systems because of its linear complexity. However, this requires a priori knowledge of the number of clusters and the subsequent selection of their centroids. We propose a method for K-means to find automatically the number of clusters and their associated centroids. Moreover, we consider recursive extension of the algorithm to improve visibility of the results at different levels of abstraction, in order to support the decision-making process.
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| 32. |
- Thierfelder, Tomas
(författare)
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Climate change and the rise of infectious diseases : an Arctic perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research outreach. - 2517-7028. ; , s. 90-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Animals that carry infectious microorganisms are migrating towards the North with climatechange transitions of Arctic landscapes into warmer biomes. This threatens to change societal exposure to infectious diseases and affect the OneHealth status of Arctic cultures. OneHealth takes a multidisciplinary approach to health risks and risk mitigation for humans, animals, plants and the environment with the understanding that human health and welfare is dependent on ecosystem health. At the CLINF Nordic Center of Excellence, Birgitta Evengård, Tomas Thierfelder, Svenja Stöven, and scientists from eight nations recently collaborated to predict the effects of climate change on the epidemiology of climate-sensitive infections. With a focus on international collaboration and harnessing traditional knowledge, CLINF (Climate-change effects on the epidemiology of infectious diseases and the impacts on Northern societies) supports evidence-based policy aimed at preventing or mitigating this most serious of global challenges.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Thierfelder, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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CLINF : an integrated project design
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic perspectives on the responsible development of the Arctic. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783030523237 - 9783030523268 - 9783030523244 ; , s. 71-92
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As introduced in the preceding chapter of this book, the CLINF Nordic Centre of Excellence (NCoE) addresses the broad scenario of warming northern landscapes transforming into warmer biomes, that may attract vector organisms such as ticks, mosquitoes, and rodents. These have the potential of carrying new zoonotic infections onto humans and husbandry animals of the North. With Far-North societies being generally dependent on their husbandry animals, i.e. by terms of economy, status, and tradition, an altered exposure towards infectious diseases may strike at the very heart of northern cultures. When added to other direct or indirect societal effects of climate change, such as the direct effects of altered human exposure, the resulting holistic approach to health is called OneHealth. CLINF is devoted to inquiring into the OneHealth effects of a warming North. Addressing such a broad topic requires an interdisciplinary science approach, in combination with an elaborative plan for how to engage bilaterally with stakeholders at scales ranging from the local to the international. The following chapter outlines the CLINF endeavour, from typical OneHealth problem identification and formulation, through principles of integrated projects design into the outlines of the finally implemented NCoE, and further on to the resulting discoveries and lessons learned. The chapter may be perceived as a case-study of integrated projects design, and as an example to study for others that find themselves in the situation of designing a large integrated science project.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Thierfelder, Tomas K. E.
(författare)
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An inductive approach to the modeling of lake water quality in dimictic, glacial/boreal lakes
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To explore the interaction between elements of the watershed and lake water quality, a database large enough to approximate the generic population of dimictic, glacial/boreal lakes is assembled and analyzed with multivariate statistical methods in an inductive top-down approach. Utilizing the analytical capabilities of geographical information systems, the spatially distributed characteristics of land cover, soil and bedrock elements are identified and parameterized with respect to element morphology and hydrology. Together with additional parameters of catchment/lake morphology, hydrology and climate, the watershed descriptors serve as potentially explanatory variables in assessing the inter-lake variance of water quality in 87 monitored watersheds. With lake water quality defined as the composition of conductivity, hardness, Secchi depth, color, alkalinity, total phosphorus and pH, the following is concluded:It is possible to mathematically transform the probability density functions of water quality constituents to approximately normal distribution. With the monitored watersheds being lime stone treated, it is concluded that the transformation functions derived approximate the probability density functions of water quality constituents in the generic class of dimictic, glacial/boreal lakes, and that they should be well suited as transformation standards in natural, as well as in limestone treated lakes. This implies that limestone treatment does not significantly alter the shape of the probability density functions analyzed, and that the effects of limestone treatment can be neglected whenever analysis of variance is focused upon.The total variance of the water quality constituents may be unambiguously approximated in a two-dimensional Cartesian base with transformed variables of lake water hardness and color as principal variance representatives. The base is suggested as a lake classification standard, wherein the inorganic and organic characteristics of subset lake populations (such as single lakes) can be combined and referenced to the standard of the generic population.Introducing descriptors of element morphology and hydrology does significantly improve the performance of basic regression models in explaining the inter-lake variance of water quality. This verifies that morphology and hydrology are generally important in determining the element contribution to the chemical composition of downstream waters. With additional descriptors of lake/catchment climate and morphology included, optimally performing models do significantly improve the performance of existing regression models in explaining the inter-lake variance of water quality. Lake water hardness, color, conductivity and Secchi depth are simulated with precision enough for predictive purposes, whereas the models of lake water alkalinity, total phosphorus concentration and pH provide a rather qualitative - although highly significant - estimate. Fifteen landscape elements, and seven additional descriptors, are identified as significantly contributing to the chemical composition of downstream waters.With watershed descriptors being designed to carry process information, the derived models assess the physical processes that govern the inter-lake variance of water quality. Since parameterized upon the watershed scale, they should be applicable whenever watershed management is implemented into the conservation - or manipulation - of water quality in dimictic, glacial/boreal lakes.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Thierfelder, Tomas
(författare)
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Use of Hydrological Models to Predict Risk for Rutting in Logging Operations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using hydrological models with a high temporal resolution to predict risk for rutting may be a possible method to improve planning of forwarder trails or to schedule logging operations in sites with low bearing capacity to periods when soil moisture content is at a minimum. We have studied whether descriptions of rut variations, collected in 27 logging sites, can be improved by using hydrological data, modeled by Swedish HYdrological Prediction for Environment (S-HYPE). Other explanatory variables, such as field-surveyed data and spatial data, were also used to describe rut variations within and across logging sites. The results indicated that inclusion of S-HYPE data led to only marginal improvement in explaining the observed variations of the ruts in terms of both "rut depths" within the logging sites and "proportion of forwarder trails with ruts" across the logging sites. However, application of S-HYPE data for adapting depth-to-water (DTW) maps to temporal changes of soil moisture content may be a way to develop more dynamic soil moisture maps for forestry applications.
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