| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Villa, Luisa L., et al.
(författare)
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Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions
- 2007
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 356:19, s. 1915-1927
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus types 16 (HPV-16) and 18 (HPV-18) cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers worldwide. A phase 3 trial was conducted to evaluate a quadrivalent vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (HPV-6/11/16/18) for the prevention of high-grade cervical lesions associated with HPV-16 and HPV-18. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind trial, we assigned 12,167 women between the ages of 15 and 26 years to receive three doses of either HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine or placebo, administered at day 1, month 2, and month 6. The primary analysis was performed for a per-protocol susceptible population that included 5305 women in the vaccine group and 5260 in the placebo group who had no virologic evidence of infection with HPV-16 or HPV-18 through 1 month after the third dose (month 7). The primary composite end point was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3, adenocarcinoma in situ, or cervical cancer related to HPV-16 or HPV-18. RESULTS: Subjects were followed for an average of 3 years after receiving the first dose of vaccine or placebo. Vaccine efficacy for the prevention of the primary composite end point was 98% (95.89% confidence interval [CI], 86 to 100) in the per-protocol susceptible population and 44% (95% CI, 26 to 58) in an intention-to-treat population of all women who had undergone randomization (those with or without previous infection). The estimated vaccine efficacy against all high-grade cervical lesions, regardless of causal HPV type, in this intention-to-treat population was 17% (95% CI, 1 to 31). CONCLUSIONS: In young women who had not been previously infected with HPV-16 or HPV-18, those in the vaccine group had a significantly lower occurrence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia related to HPV-16 or HPV-18 than did those in the placebo group.
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| 3. |
- Villa, L., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of prophylactic human papillomavirus L1 virus-like-particle vaccine on risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, grade 3, and adenocarcinoma in situ: a combined analysis of four randomised clinical trials
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 369:9576, s. 1861-1868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Cervical cancer and its obligate precursors, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 (CIN2/3), and adenocarcinona in situ (AIS), are caused by oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). In this combined analysis of four clinical trials we assessed the effect of prophylactic HPV vaccination on these diseases. Methods 20 583 women aged 16-26 years were randomised to receive quadrivalent HPV6/11/16/18 vaccine (n=9087), its HPV16 vaccine component (n=1204), or placebo (n=10292). They underwent periodic Papanicolaou testing, with colposcopy or biopsy for detected abnormalities. The primary composite endpoint was the combined incidence of HPV16/18-related CIN2/3, AIS, or cervical cancer. These trials are registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT00365378, NCT00365716, NCT00092521, and NCT00092534. Findings Mean follow-up was 3.0 years (SD 0.66) after first dose. In women negative for HPV16 or HPV18 infection during the vaccination regimen (n=17129, per protocol), vaccine efficacy was 99% for the primary endpoint (95% Cl 93-100), meeting the statistical criterion for success. In an intention-to-treat analysis of all randomised women (including those who were HPV16/18 naive or HPV16/18-infected at day 1), efficacy was 44% (95% Cl 31-55); all but one case in vaccine recipients occurred in women infected with HPV16 or HPV18 before vaccination. In a second intention-to-treat analysis we noted an 18% reduction (95% CI 7-29) in the overall rate of CIN2/3 or AIS due to any HPV type. Interpretation Administration of HPV vaccine to HPV-naive women, and women who are already sexually active, could substantially reduce the incidence of HPV16/18-related cervical precancers and cervical cancer.
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| 4. |
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| 6. |
- Hofvind, S., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of review design on percentages of missed interval breast cancers : Retrospective study of interval cancers in a population-based screening program
- 2005
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Ingår i: Radiology. - : Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). - 0033-8419 .- 1527-1315. ; 237:2, s. 437-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To retrospectively investigate whether different review designs have an influence on the estimate of missed interval cancer in a population-based breast cancer screening program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program invites women aged 50-69 years to undergo biennial screening mammography. The current study was part of the evaluation and scientific aspects of the screening program and thus was covered by the general ethical approval of the screening program as a part of the Cancer Registry of Norway. All participants signed an informed consent that specified that data related to their screening visit could be used for evaluation and scientific purposes. Six radiologists (9-34 years of experience in mammography) reviewed previously obtained bilateral two-view screening and diagnostic mammograms of 231 interval cancers, 117 screening-detected cancers, and 373 normal cases. Four review designs were used: individual and paired blinded review and individual and consensus informed review. A five-point interpretation scale was used to reclassify the cancers into missed cancers, minimal signs, and true cancers. The number and proportion of subgroups were estimated with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Of 231 interval cancers, 46 (19.9%) were reclassified as missed cancers with the mixed blinded individual review and 54 (23.4%) were classified as missed cancers with the mixed blinded paired review. Eighty-three cancers (35.9%) were classified as missed cancers with individual informed review, and 78 (33.8%) were classified as missed cancers with consensus informed review. Thirty-nine cancers (16.8%) were reclassified as missed when four or more radiologists assigned a score of 2 or more (probably benign or more suspicious), three cancers (1.3%) were reclassified as missed when a score of 4 or more (probably malignant or more suspicious) was assigned. CONCLUSION: The percentage of interval cancers classified as missed ranged from 1.3% to 35.9% according to review design. To encourage learning, a review protocol should include both blinded and informed designs. © RSNA, 2005.
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| 9. |
- Anand, J. C., et al.
(författare)
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Editorial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Social Work Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588. ; 12:5, s. 611-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Andreassen, BK, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of potential carcinogenic and chemopreventive effects of prescription drugs: a protocol for a Norwegian registry-based study
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:4, s. e028504-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surveillance of unintended effects of pharmaceuticals (pharmacovigilance or drug safety) is crucial, as knowledge of rare or late side effects is limited at the time of the introduction of new medications into the market. Side effects of drugs may involve increased or decreased risk of cancer, but these typically appear after a long induction period. This fact, together with low incidences of many cancer types, limits the usefulness of traditional pharmacovigilance strategies, primarily based on spontaneous reporting of adverse events, to identify associations between drug use and cancer risk. Postmarketing observational pharmacoepidemiological studies are therefore crucial in the evaluation of drug-cancer associations.Methods and analysisThe main data sources in this project will be the Norwegian Prescription Database and the Cancer Registry of Norway. The underlying statistical model will be based on a multiple nested case–control design including all adult (~200 000) incident cancer cases within the age-range 18–85 years from 2007 through 2015 in Norway as cases. 10 cancer-free population controls will be individually matched to these cases with respect to birth year, sex and index date (date of cancer diagnosis). Drug exposure will be modelled as chronic user/non-user by counting prescriptions, and cumulative use by summarising all dispensions’ daily defined doses over time. Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for comorbidity (National Patient Register), socioeconomic parameters (Statistics Norway), concomitant drug use and, for female cancers, reproduction data (Medical Birth Registry), will be applied to identify drug-use–cancer-risk associations.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the regional ethical committee and the Norwegian data protection authority. Results of the initial screening step and analysis pipeline will be described in a key paper. Subsequent papers will report the evaluation of identified signals in replication studies. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, at scientific conferences and through press releases.
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| 11. |
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| 15. |
- Gubrium, E., et al.
(författare)
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Taking time seriously
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Social Work Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588. ; 12:4, s. 407-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Jan, V, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of differentiation, de novo innervation, and electrical pulse stimulation on mRNA and protein expression of Na+,K+-ATPase, FXYD1, and FXYD5 in cultured human skeletal muscle cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:2, s. e0247377-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Denervation reduces the abundance of Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) in skeletal muscle, while reinnervation increases it. Primary human skeletal muscle cells, the most widely used model to study human skeletal muscle in vitro, are usually cultured as myoblasts or myotubes without neurons and typically do not contract spontaneously, which might affect their ability to express and regulate NKA. We determined how differentiation, de novo innervation, and electrical pulse stimulation affect expression of NKA (α and β) subunits and NKA regulators FXYD1 (phospholemman) and FXYD5 (dysadherin). Differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes under low serum conditions increased expression of myogenic markers CD56 (NCAM1), desmin, myosin heavy chains, dihydropyridine receptor subunit α1S, and SERCA2 as well as NKAα2 and FXYD1, while it decreased expression of FXYD5 mRNA. Myotubes, which were innervated de novo by motor neurons in co-culture with the embryonic rat spinal cord explants, started to contract spontaneously within 7–10 days. A short-term co-culture (10–11 days) promoted mRNA expression of myokines, such as IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and IL-15, but did not affect mRNA expression of NKA, FXYDs, or myokines, such as musclin, cathepsin B, meteorin-like protein, or SPARC. A long-term co-culture (21 days) increased the protein abundance of NKAα1, NKAα2, FXYD1, and phospho-FXYD1Ser68 without attendant changes in mRNA levels. Suppression of neuromuscular transmission with α-bungarotoxin or tubocurarine for 24 h did not alter NKA or FXYD mRNA expression. Electrical pulse stimulation (48 h) of non-innervated myotubes promoted mRNA expression of NKAβ2, NKAβ3, FXYD1, and FXYD5. In conclusion, low serum concentration promotes NKAα2 and FXYD1 expression, while de novo innervation is not essential for upregulation of NKAα2 and FXYD1 mRNA in cultured myotubes. Finally, although innervation and EPS both stimulate contractions of myotubes, they exert distinct effects on the expression of NKA and FXYDs.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Karlsson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Liver enzymes cannot be used to predict liver damage after global hypoxia-ischemia in a neonatal pig model
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neonatology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1661-7819 .- 1661-7800. ; 96:4, s. 211-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> The term newborn pig is an established model for studying both brain and organ pathology after hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Serial liver enzyme activity is often used to predict liver injury but little is known about the relation between consecutive values of different liver enzymes and histologically verified liver injury. <i>Objective:</i> To determine whether plasma values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) differed between newborn pigs with liver injures and pigs with normal livers after a severe global HI insult. <i>Methods:</i> Nineteen ≤36-hour-old pigs underwent a 45-min global HI insult followed by 72-hour survival. Four histological sections from standardized areas within each liver were examined. Areas under the curve (AUC) for the enzymes were calculated and compared between pigs with pathological changes in the liver (n = 12) and pigs with normal liver histology (n = 7). <i>Results:</i> No differences in AUC for the enzyme values were seen between the groups. However, in pigs with liver injuries a transient significant increase in LDH at the end of the HI insult (928 U/l (567–1,031)) was seen compared to the baseline value (679 U/l (548–866), p = 0.010). Significantly more liver injury was seen in animals with the umbilical vein catheter (UVC) tip inserted into the liver (p = 0.040) compared to animals with the UVC tip located outside the liver. <i>Conclusions:</i> In newborn pigs subjected to global HI, only LDH increases alongside pathological changes in the liver. Normal values of ALT and AST do not exclude hepatic injury.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Leder, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to an oral glucose tolerance test in subjects with metabolic syndrome : A SYSDIET sub-study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Genes & Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1555-8932 .- 1865-3499. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Diet has a great impact on the risk of developing features of metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We evaluated whether a long-term healthy Nordic diet (ND) can modify the expression of inflammation and lipid metabolism-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals with MetS. Methods: A Nordic multicenter randomized dietary study included subjects (n = 213) with MetS, randomized to a ND group or a control diet (CD) group applying an isocaloric study protocol. In this sub-study, we included subjects (n = 89) from three Nordic centers: Kuopio (n =26), Lund (n = 30), and Oulu (n = 33) with a maximum weight change of ±4 kg, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration ≤10 mg L-1, and baseline body mass index -2. PBMCs were isolated, and the mRNA gene expression analysis was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We analyzed the mRNA expression changes of 44 genes before and after a 2hOGTT at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Results: The healthy ND significantly down-regulated the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin 18 (IL18), and thrombospondin receptor (CD36) mRNA transcripts and significantly up-regulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) mRNA transcript after the 2hOGTT compared to the CD. Conclusions: A healthy ND is able to modify the gene expression in PBMCs after a 2hOGTT. However, more studies are needed to clarify the biological and clinical relevance of these findings.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Luostarinen, T, et al.
(författare)
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Joint effects of different human papillomaviruses and Chlamydia trachomatis infections on risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 40:7, s. 1058-1065
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case-control study based in Nordic serum banks evaluated the joint effects of infections with genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types, and Chlamydia trachomatis in the aetiology of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Through a linkage with the cancer registries, 144 cases were identified and 420 controls matched to them. Exposure to past infections was defined by the presence of specific IgG antibodies. The odds ratio (OR) for the second-order interaction of HPV16, HPV6/11 and C. trachomatis was small (1.0) compared to the expected multiplicative OR, 57, and the additive OR, 11. The interactions were not materially different among HPV16 DNA-positive squamous cell carcinomas. When HPV16 was replaced with HPV18/33 in the analysis of second-order interactions with HPV6/11 and C. trachomatis, there was no evidence of interaction, the joint effect being close to the expected additive OR. Possible explanations for the observed antagonism include misclassification, selection bias or a true biological phenomenon with HPV6/11 and C. trachomatis exposures antagonizing the carcinogenic effects of HPV16. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Thoresen, L., et al.
(författare)
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The association of nutritional assessment criteria with health-related quality of life in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 21:4, s. 505-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Health-related quality of life (QoL) is a goal in nutritional oncology but the association between nutritional status and QoL is rarely explored. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of nutritional assessment criteria with QoL in 50 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. A second aim was to investigate changes in body weight and QoL during a 3-month follow-up. Muscle mass, nutritional risk, malnutrition and cachexia according to three different criteria were assessed, as well as health-related QoL. At inclusion, 36 patients experienced weight loss, 10 patients sarcopenia, 25 were at nutritional risk, 16 were malnourished and 11, 14 and 31 patients had cachexia according to different criteria. All nutritional assessment criteria discriminated between groups of patients with worse or better QoL to varying degrees. Malnutrition and cachexia defined by the European Palliative Care Research Collaborative and adjusted for recent gain or stabilisation of body weight discriminated on most QoL scores. Weight loss at follow-up was associated with a decrease in several QoL scores. Recognition of weight loss as well as diagnosing malnutrition and cachexia should be the first steps in an interventional pathway to enhance nutritional status and QoL in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma.
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| 30. |
- Thoresen, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Hypothermia on Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalogram in Infants With Asphyxia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 0031-4005 .- 1098-4275. ; 126:1, s. E131-E139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) at <6 hours is the best single outcome predictor in term infants with perinatal asphyxia at normothermia. Hypothermia has been used to treat those infants and proved to improve their outcome. The objectives of this study were to compare the predictive value of aEEG at <6 hours on outcomes in normothermia-and hypothermia-treated infants and to investigate the best outcome predictor (time to normal trace or sleep-wake cycling [SWC]) in normothermia-and hypothermia-treated infants. METHODS: Seventy-four infants were recruited by using the CoolCap entry criteria, and their outcomes were assessed by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II at 18 months. The aEEG was recorded for 72 hours. Patterns and voltages of aEEG backgrounds were assessed. RESULTS: The positive predictive value of an abnormal aEEG pattern at the age of 3 to 6 hours was 84% for normothermia and 59% for hypothermia. Moderate abnormal voltage background at 3 to 6 hours of age did not predict outcome. The recovery time to normal background pattern was the best predictor of poor outcome (96.2% in hypothermia, 90.9% in normothermia). Never developing SWC always predicted poor outcome. Time to SWC was a better outcome predictor for infants who were treated with hypothermia (88.5%) than with normothermia (63.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Early aEEG patterns can be used to predict outcome for infants treated with normothermia but not hypothermia. Infants with good outcome had normalized background pattern by 24 hours when treated with normothermia and by 48 hours when treated with hypothermia. Pediatrics 2010; 126: e131-e139
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| 34. |
- Van Sundert, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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When things get MESI : The Manipulation Experiments Synthesis Initiative—A coordinated effort to synthesize terrestrial global change experiments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 29:7, s. 1922-1938
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responses of the terrestrial biosphere to rapidly changing environmental conditions are a major source of uncertainty in climate projections. In an effort to reduce this uncertainty, a wide range of global change experiments have been conducted that mimic future conditions in terrestrial ecosystems, manipulating CO2, temperature, and nutrient and water availability. Syntheses of results across experiments provide a more general sense of ecosystem responses to global change, and help to discern the influence of background conditions such as climate and vegetation type in determining global change responses. Several independent syntheses of published data have yielded distinct databases for specific objectives. Such parallel, uncoordinated initiatives carry the risk of producing redundant data collection efforts and have led to contrasting outcomes without clarifying the underlying reason for divergence. These problems could be avoided by creating a publicly available, updatable, curated database. Here, we report on a global effort to collect and curate 57,089 treatment responses across 3644 manipulation experiments at 1145 sites, simulating elevated CO2, warming, nutrient addition, and precipitation changes. In the resulting Manipulation Experiments Synthesis Initiative (MESI) database, effects of experimental global change drivers on carbon and nutrient cycles are included, as well as ancillary data such as background climate, vegetation type, treatment magnitude, duration, and, unique to our database, measured soil properties. Our analysis of the database indicates that most experiments are short term (one or few growing seasons), conducted in the USA, Europe, or China, and that the most abundantly reported variable is aboveground biomass. We provide the most comprehensive multifactor global change database to date, enabling the research community to tackle open research questions, vital to global policymaking. The MESI database, freely accessible at doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7153253, opens new avenues for model evaluation and synthesis-based understanding of how global change affects terrestrial biomes. We welcome contributions to the database on GitHub.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Wang, HG, et al.
(författare)
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Interval cancers in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program : Frequency, characteristics and use of HRT
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 94:4, s. 594-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast cancers diagnosed between screening examinations among women who attend a breast cancer screening program are defined as interval cancers. The Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program started as a pilot project in 1996, and data from the first 2-year interval are available. Our study quantifies interval cancers in the pilot project and explores characteristics and factors that may be associated with interval cancer. Interval cancers in the screening population were identified through the Cancer Registry of Norway. The frequency of invasive interval cancer was calculated as cases per 10,000 screened and as observed/expected ratio. Characteristics of the interval cancers were compared to screening-detected and clinical cancers. Breast density was assessed in a blinded review of 3 categories of screening mammograms. Information on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use was collected from a questionnaire. The frequency of invasive interval cancers was 18.2 (15.9-20.7) per 10,000 screened and the observed/expected ratio was 0.49 (0.43-0.56). The frequency in the second year of the interval was higher than reported from other programs. The median tumor size of the interval cancers was 19.5 mm and 44.0% of the patients had affected axillary lymph nodes. The interval cancer cases had higher proportions of dense breasts and reported use of HRT compared to screen normal and screening-detected cases. The reported frequency of interval cancers is similar to comparable programs. The interval cancers differed significantly from the cancers detected in the first screening round and were more similar to clinical cancers. Interval cancer was associated with dense breasts and use of HRT. Screening programs must keep these associations in focus. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 37. |
- Wiik, A. C., et al.
(författare)
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A population study of a mutation allele associated with cone-rod dystrophy in the standard wire-haired dachshund
- 2009
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Ingår i: Animal Genetics. - : Wiley. - 0268-9146 .- 1365-2052. ; 40:4, s. 572-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cone-rod dystrophy in the standard wire-haired dachshund (SWHD) is inherited as a simple autosomal recessive trait and the recently discovered mutation is widespread within the SWHD population in Norway and other Scandinavian countries. The gene frequency was estimated to be 4.8%. On the basis of the assumption that the size of the ancestral haplotype around a mutation is inversely correlated with the number of generations since the mutation arose, we have found that the mutation is of a relatively recent origin. The conserved haplotype was found to be 8 Mb in size and therefore we estimate that the mutation arose roughly eight generations (approximately 37 years) ago. This indicates that the mutation arose after breed separation.
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| 38. |
- Wilińska, Monika, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Social Work Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2156-857X .- 2156-8588. ; 13:3, s. 365-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 39. |
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