| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Lane, G. J., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of excited states in doubly odd [Formula Presented]Sb : Smooth band termination
- 1997
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Ingår i: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813. ; 55:5, s. 2127-2131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states in [Formula Presented]Sb have been identified for the first time in a series of [Formula Presented]-spectroscopy experiments using both thin and backed targets, including neutron-fold and recoil-mass measurements to provide unambiguous channel identification. The three decoupled intruder bands observed in [Formula Presented]Sb are based upon configurations involving 2p-2h excitations across the [Formula Presented] shell gap and show the features of smooth band termination. The yrast intruder band, which has been connected to the low-spin levels, is tentatively identified up to its predicted termination at [Formula Presented]. Excellent agreement with configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations is obtained for the high-spin states near termination.
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| 3. |
- Smith, J. F., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of excited states in 119Ba
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813. ; 61:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states have been identified in the very neutron-deficient 119Ba nucleus. Two bands have been observed, which are likely to be based on h11/2 and (g7/2d5/2) neutron orbitals. Despite this being the first observation of excited states in 119Ba, the bands extend to (75/2)ℏ and (79/2)ℏ, respectively. The bands have been assigned to 119Ba using gamma-recoil and gamma-x-ray coincidences. Several quasiparticle alignments have been identified, involving neutron (h11/2)2 and proton (h11/2)2 aligned configurations. Furthermore, the bands show features which are reasonably consistent with smooth band termination at high spin. Theoretical results for 119Ba are discussed within the framework of cranked Woods-Saxon and Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.
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| 4. |
- Åhlen, Imenne, et al.
(författare)
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Hydro-climatic changes of wetlandscapes across the world
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessments of ecosystem service and function losses of wetlandscapes (i.e., wetlands and their hydrological catchments) suffer from knowledge gaps regarding impacts of ongoing hydro-climatic change. This study investigates hydro-climatic changes during 1976–2015 in 25 wetlandscapes distributed across the world’s tropical, arid, temperate and cold climate zones. Results show that the wetlandscapes were subject to precipitation (P) and temperature (T) changes consistent with mean changes over the world’s land area. However, arid and cold wetlandscapes experienced higher T increases than their respective climate zone. Also, average P decreased in arid and cold wetlandscapes, contrarily to P of arid and cold climate zones, suggesting that these wetlandscapes are located in regions of elevated climate pressures. For most wetlandscapes with available runoff (R) data, the decreases were larger in R than in P, which was attributed to aggravation of climate change impacts by enhanced evapotranspiration losses, e.g. caused by land-use changes.
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| 7. |
- Beckman, A, et al.
(författare)
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The difficulty of opening medicine containers in old age : a population-based study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Pharmacy World & Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0928-1231 .- 1573-739X. ; 27:5, s. 393-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate elderly people's ability to open medicine containers, and how this ability correlates to some common disorders that may cause functional or cognitive impairment. Methods: Cross-sectional study of older people age 81 years and older, from the second follow-up (1994-1996) of the Kungsholmen project, a population based study of very old people in an urban area of Stockholm, Sweden. Six hundred and four persons (mean age 86.7 years) were tested for their ability to open three types of medicine containers. The disorders studied were rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, cognitive impairment (measured by mini-mental state examination, MMSE) and impaired vision. Results: We found that 14% were unable to open a screw cap bottle, 32% a bottle with a snap lid, and 10% a blister pack. Female gender, higher age, living in an institution, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cognitive impairment and impaired vision were all associated with a decreased ability to open the containers. Less than half of the elderly people who were unable to open one or more of the containers received help with their medication. Among those living in their own homes only 27% received help. Conclusion: Older peoples' ability to open medicine containers is impaired by several conditions affecting physical and cognitive functioning. Many elderly people who are unable to open medicine containers do not receive help with their medication, particularly those living in their own homes.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Cornelius, C, et al.
(författare)
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: prevalence and association with drug use
- 1997
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Ingår i: Clinical drug investigation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1173-2563. ; 13:2, s. 105-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Cornelius, C, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported symptoms in the elderly and association with drug use
- 1997
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Ingår i: Clinical drug investigation. - 1173-2563 .- 1179-1918. ; 13:2, s. 105-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary: In a cross-sectional study, we have investigated the prevalence of self-reported symptoms and their association with medicinal drug use in elderly people. Data from the Kungsholmen Project were used, a population-based study of elderly people aged 75 years and over in Stockholm, Sweden. The study sample comprised 1800 persons. Information on the occurrence of 22 different symptoms and the actual drug use was obtained at interviews with the participants. The relation of symptoms to age, gender and housing, and their association with drug use was analysed using logistic regression. The most commonly reported symptoms were pain and tiredness. In general, symptoms were more common in women and at higher ages. Many of the associations between symptoms and drug use reflected established treatments. However, some were suggestive of inappropriate treatment or dosage; for example, the association between tiredness and the use of anxiolytics and hypnotics-sedatives.
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| 11. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Haider, S I, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of educational level on polypharmacy and inappropriate drug use : a register-based study of over 600,000 older people
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 57:1, s. 62-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate whether low educational attainment is associated with polypharmacy and potential inappropriate drug use (IDU) in older people. Cross-sectional register-based study. Sweden. Older people aged 75 to 89 who, filled at least one drug prescription between August and October 2005 and, consequently, were listed in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR) (N=626,258). Data were obtained from the SPDR, the inpatient register, and the education register. The main outcome measures were polypharmacy (concurrent use of >= 5 drugs), excessive polypharmacy (concurrent use of >= 10 drugs), and potential IDU. Four quality indicators developed by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare were used for the assessment of potential IDU: concurrent use of three or more psychotropic drugs, prescription of long-acting benzodiazepines, prescription of anticholinergics, and at least one clinically relevant potential drug-drug interaction (DDI). Comorbidity was measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Subjects with low education had a higher probability of polypharmacy (odds ratio (OR)=1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.10-1.12), excessive polypharmacy (OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.13-1.17), and potential IDU (OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.07-1.17), after adjustment for age, sex, comorbidity, and type of residential area (urban or rural). Decreasing educational attainment was associated with a higher probability of using three or more psychotropic drugs and potential DDIs, whereas the opposite association was observed for anticholinergic drugs. Long-acting benzodiazepines showed no association. Elderly women with low education were slightly more likely to have polypharmacy, excessive polypharmacy, and potential IDU than men with low education. Overall, the ORs were modest and statistically significant because of the large sample size. Low educational attainment was associated with a greater likelihood of poypharmacy, excessive polypharmacy, and potential IDU in elderly Swedish persons, even after controlling for age, sex, place of residence, and comorbidity. Women with low education had slightly higher likelihood of receiving polypharmacy and potential IDU than men with low education. The recently established SPDR may be useful for continuous monitoring and for designing interventions to improve drug quality in low-educated elderly people.
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| 18. |
- Haider, S. I., et al.
(författare)
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Trends in polypharmacy and potential drug-drug interactions across educational groups in elderly patients in Sweden for the period 1992-2002
- 2007
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Ingår i: International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. - 0946-1965. ; 45:12, s. 643-653
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study investigates the changes in drug use, polypharmacy and potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between educational groups of Swedish elderly over a 10-year period from 1992 - 2002. Methods: We used data from SWEOLD I (n= 512) from 1992 and SWEOLD II from 2002 (n = 561), which are nationally representative surveys of the elderly population in Sweden aged 77 years and older. Both community-based and institutionalized persons were included. Information on drug use was based on personal interviews and all drugs used in the two weeks prior to the studies were recorded. The three outcomes under study were drug use, polypharmacy (concurrent use of five or more drugs), and potential DDIs. Results: In the SWEOLD data from 1992 - 2002, the mean number of drugs used per person increased from 2.5 - 4.4. Overall, 81% of the study participants were drug users in 1992 as compared to 88% in 2002. The prevalence of polypharmacy increased 3-fold (from 18% in 1992 to 42% in 2002) after controlling forage and gender. In both SWEOLD surveys, the less educated reported polypharmacy more often (19% in 1992 and 46% in 2002) than the higher educated (12% in 1992 and 36% in 2002). Potential DDIs also increased, both among the less educated (14% in 1992 to 26% in 2002) and the higher educated (18% in 1992 to 24% in 2002). The most pronounced changes in the consumption of specific drug groups were observed in antithrombotic agents, P-blocking agents, ACE inhibitors, and vitamin B-12 and folic acid. In general, the use of most therapeutic classes increased more among the well educated compared to less educated men between 1992 and 2002, whereas the opposite relationship prevailed among women. Conclusion: This study indicates that the use of drugs, polypharmacy and potential DDIs have increased during 1992 to 2002 among the elderly. These changes were most prominent among the less educated women. Polypharmacy and potential DDIs represent potential health hazards for the elderly. Therefore, the trends of increasing polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions deserve attention and the mechanisms behind should be investigated further.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Jaramillo, Fernando, et al.
(författare)
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Priorities and Interactions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with Focus on Wetlands
- 2019
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI. - 2073-4441. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wetlands are often vital physical and social components of a country’s natural capital, as well as providers of ecosystem services to local and national communities. We performed a network analysis to prioritize Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for sustainable development in iconic wetlands and wetlandscapes around the world. The analysis was based on the information and perceptions on 45 wetlandscapes worldwide by 49 wetland researchers of the Global Wetland Ecohydrological Network (GWEN). We identified three 2030 Agenda targets of high priority across the wetlandscapes needed to achieve sustainable development: Target 6.3—“Improve water quality”; 2.4—“Sustainable food production”; and 12.2—“Sustainable management of resources”. Moreover, we found specific feedback mechanisms and synergies between SDG targets in the context of wetlands. The most consistent reinforcing interactions were the influence of Target 12.2 on 8.4—“Efficient resource consumption”; and that of Target 6.3 on 12.2. The wetlandscapes could be differentiated in four bundles of distinctive priority SDG-targets: “Basic human needs”, “Sustainable tourism”, “Environmental impact in urban wetlands”, and “Improving and conserving environment”. In general, we find that the SDG groups, targets, and interactions stress that maintaining good water quality and a “wise use” of wetlandscapes are vital to attaining sustainable development within these sensitive ecosystems.
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| 25. |
- JUTTINEN, S, et al.
(författare)
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GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY OF CD-110
- 1994
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 573:2, s. 306-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nucleus Cd-110 has been studied using the C-13 and O-18 induced reactions and the NORDBALL multi-detector array. The yrast band was observed to I(pi) = 28+ and a large number of side bands were identified. The h11/2 neutrons were found to play a dominant role in the observed rotational structures. The weakly populated yrast 3187 keV 8+ state is interpreted as arising from the proton g9/2(-2) configuration. Collective bands, where the band members are connected by DELTAI = 1 transitions and where the DELTAI = 2 transitions are not observed, are also reported. These bands are interpreted to have prolate configurations involving both the h11/2 neutrons and the g9/2 protons. The experimental data are discussed in terms of the total routhian surface and cranked shell model calculations.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Thorslund, Birgitta, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring older adults hearing and vision and driving : The Swedish study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 64, s. 274-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aims of this study were to evaluate the self-reported driving abilities and use of visual and hearing aids for driving, among older adults with varying degrees of hearing impairment (HI), vision impairment (VI) and dual sensory impairment (DSI). Visual processing related to driving performance was also assessed to provide a laboratory-based index of driving ability and safety. The research examined the associations between self-reported and clinically measured vision and hearing, and how they related to the level of comfort in various driving situations and the use of hearing and vision aids (spectacles) when driving.Method: Participants included 109 older adults (58 women, 51 men) aged over 60 years (M age = 69.5 years (SD = 5.25), age range: 60–87) who held a valid driver's license. Following attendance at the testing session that involved clinical measures of vision and hearing and an assessment of visual processing abilities, the participants were categorized into four groups according to their hearing and vision abilities: no visual or hearing impairment (NI), corrected visual impairment (CVI), hearing impairment (HI), and corrected visual impairment combined with hearing impairment (CVHI). All participants filled in a questionnaire covering subjective measures of vision, hearing, driving habits, and use of vision and hearing aids.Results and Conclusion: There was a strong association between most of the subjective and objective measures of both hearing and vision, which indicates that participants in this study were aware of their abilities to some extent. Better hearing and vision measures were associated with higher level of comfort in several traffic situations. The results also show that spectacles are used more than hearing aids when driving (95% versus 57% of the time respectively). In addition, both the measured and the experienced benefits of hearing aids were significantly associated with the amount of hearing aid use when driving. The findings of this study provide the basis for larger scale studies to explore the impact of hearing and visual impairment on driving and the use of vision and hearing aids and should also include participants who have visual impairment even with their optimal optical correction to fully explore these effects.
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| 29. |
- Thorslund, I., et al.
(författare)
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Intruder bands in Te114 : Smooth band termination
- 1995
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 0556-2813. ; 52:6, s. 2839-2843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nucleus Te114 has been studied in heavy-ion -ray spectroscopy experiments performed with the early implementation of the GAMMASPHERE multidetector array. Three rotational intruder bands have been observed up to high spins. The yrast band, involving the 4p2h (h11/2)2(g7/2)2(g9/2)-2 proton configuration, reaches I=48Latin small letter h with stroke at an excitation energy of 30.3 MeV, the highest observed spin connected by rays in this mass region. The band properties are interpreted in the framework of smooth band termination.
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| 30. |
- Thorslund, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Solute evidence for hydrological connectivity of geographically isolated wetlands
- 2018
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Ingår i: Land Degradation and Development. - : Wiley. - 1085-3278 .- 1099-145X. ; 29:11, s. 3954-3962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrological connectivity describes the water-mediated transfer of mass, energy, and organisms between landscape elements and is the foundation for understanding how individual elements such as wetlands and streams integrate to support ecosystem services and nature-based solutions in the landscape. Hydrological connectivity of geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs)-that is, wetlands without persistent surface water connections-is particularly poorly understood. To better understand GIW hydrological connectivity, we use a novel chloride mass-balance approach to quantify the local runoff generation (defined as precipitation minus evapotranspiration, assuming negligible long-term water storage) for 260 GIW subcatchments across North America. To evaluate hydrological connectivity, we compare the estimated local runoff from GIW subcatchments with the catchment-average runoff. These comparisons provide three novel insights regarding the magnitude and variability of GIW hydrological connectivity. First, across 10 study regions, GIW subcatchments generate runoff at 120% of the mean catchment rate, implying they are well-connected elements of the larger hydrologic landscape. Second, there is substantial heterogeneity in runoff generation among GIW subcatchments, which may enable support for a wide array of ecosystem functions and services. Finally, observed heterogeneity in runoff generation was largely uncorrelated to simple linear geographic predictors, indicating that GIW landscape position cannot reliably predict hydrological connectivity. In stark contrast to a priori legal assumptions that GIWs exhibit low or no hydrological connectivity, our results suggest that GIW subcatchments are active landscape features in runoff generation.
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| 31. |
- Thorslund, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Wetlands as large-scale nature-based solutions : Status and challenges for research, engineering and management
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecological Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8574 .- 1872-6992. ; 108, s. 489-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wetlands are often considered as nature-based solutions that can provide a multitude of services of great social, economic and environmental value to humankind. Changes in land-use, water-use and climate can all impact wetland functions and services. These changes occur at scales extending well beyond the local scale of an individual wetland. However, in practical applications, engineering and management decisions usually focus on individual wetland projects and local site conditions. Here, we systematically investigate if and to what extent research has addressed the large-scale dynamics of landscape systems with multiple wetlands, hereafter referred to as wetlandscapes, which are likely to be relevant for understanding impacts of regional to global change. Although knowledge in many cases is still limited, evidence suggests that the aggregated effects of multiple wetlands in the landscape can differ considerably from the functions observed at individual wetland scales. This applies to provisioning of ecosystem services such as coastal protection, biodiversity support, groundwater level and soil moisture regulation, flood regulation and contaminant retention. We show that parallel and circular flow-paths, through which wetlands are interconnected in the landscape, may largely control such scale-function differences. We suggest ways forward for addressing the mismatch between the scales at which changes take place and the scale at which observations and implementation are currently made. These suggestions can help bridge gaps between researchers and engineers, which is critical for improving wetland function-effect predictability and management.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Wills, P, et al.
(författare)
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Drug use by demented and non-demented elderly people
- 1997
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 26, s. 383-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: to determine the use of drugs by demented and non-demented elderly people in a population, by dementiastatus and type, age, sex and accommodation type. Method: data were obtained from the Kungsholmen project, a longitudinal community study of people over 75 inStockholm, Sweden. Results: 85% used at least one medicinal drug, and of these 12% were demented. Mean numbers of drugs used were2.8 for demented and 3-2 for non-demented people. 45% of demented people and 38% of non-demented peopleused psychotropic agents. Psychotropic use was higher in women and increased with institutionalization.Antipsychotic agents were used more by demented (22%) than by non-demented (35%) people: this was largelyexplained by differences in accommodation type. The odds ratio (OR) for use of antipsychotics by those ininstitutions compared with those living in their own homes was 9-32. Opioids were commonly prescribed fordemented people. The proportions taking opioids in those using analgesics were 42% in demented and 23% in nondementedpeople (OR 2.07). Laxatives were used by 18% of the demented people in institutions compared with39% of non-demented people in institutions. Conclusion: being in an institution had a stronger association with the use of certain drugs (e.g. psychotropics)than did dementia status. Demented people, especially those in institutions, used a large number of antipsychoticsand opioids, but fewer laxatives and minor analgesics. Prescribers and institutional staff should be aware of thesefactors so they can optimize patient treatment.
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| 37. |
- Wills, P, et al.
(författare)
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Use of cardiovascular drugs in an elderly Swedish population
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 44, s. 54-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of cardiovascular drugs in an older population with respect to age, sex, housing type, and creatinine clearance. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: All residents of a district of Stockholm (Kungsholmen), Sweden, aged 75 and older, living in institutions or at home. MEASUREMENTS: Cardiovascular drug use, serum creatinine, electrolytes, height, weight, and symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 43 cardiovascular (CV) drugs were used. The most common drugs were digoxin (used by 18.2%), furosemide (16.4%), and glyceryl trinitrate (12.4%). Drugs with an antihypertensive effect accounted for 61% of all CV drugs. CV drug use increased with age for cardiac glycosides and diuretics, but decreased with age for calcium antagonists and beta-blockers. Drug doses tended to be less than the recommended daily dose except for a few drugs, e.g., furosemide. There was a trend toward decreasing dose with increasing age, but this was not significant. Diuretics were the only CV drugs used more often in women. People living in institutional care used the least amount of CV drugs. The dose of drugs taken did not appear to be related to estimated creatinine clearance. Comparisons between drug use and complaint of symptoms showed a strong correlation between the use of cardiac glycosides and anorexia, calcium antagonists and constipation, and nitrates and vertigo. There were weaker correlations with cardiac glycosides and visual disturbances and with potassium sparing diuretics and a high potassium. CONCLUSIONS: CV drugs are used commonly in older people. We suggest that the symptoms correlating with cardiac glycoside use may be signs of unrecognized toxicity, and this may relate to our finding that drug use is often not tailored to renal function as measured by creatinine clearance.
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| 38. |
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