| 1. |
- Zettergren, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Association of IL1RAP-related genetic variation with cerebrospinal fluid concentration of Alzheimer-associated tau protein
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A possible involvement of the gene IL1RAP (interleukin-1 receptor-associated protein) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suggested in GWASs of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau levels and longitudinal change in brain amyloid burden. The aim of this study was to examine previously implicated genetic markers in and near IL1RAP in relation to AD risk, CSF tau and A beta biomarkers, as well as cognitive decline, in a case (AD)-control study and an age homogenous population-based cohort. Genotyping of IL1RAP-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected based on previous GWAS results, was performed. 3446 individuals (1154 AD cases and 2292 controls) were included in the analyses of AD risk, 1400 individuals (cognitively normal = 747, AD = 653) in the CSF biomarker analyses, and 861 individuals in the analyses of cognitive decline. We found no relation between IL1RAP-related SNPs and AD risk. However, CSF total-tau and phospho-tau were associated with the SNP rs9877502 (p = 6 x 10(-3) and p = 5 x 10(-4)). Further, nominal associations (p = 0.03-0.05) were found between three other SNPs and CSF biomarker levels, or levels of cognitive performance and decline in a sub-sample from the general population. These results support previous studies suggesting an association of IL1RAP with disease intensity of AD.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Alfredsson, Elin, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Parenting programs during adolescence: Outcomes from universal and targeted interventions offered in real-world settings
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564. ; 59:4, s. 378-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this naturalistic study was to explore short and long-term outcomes of five different group-based parenting programs offered to parents of 10 to 17-year-olds. Three hundred and fifteen parents (277 mothers and 38 fathers) who had enrolled in a parenting program (universal: Active Parenting, COPE; Connect; targeted: COMET; Leadership training for parents of teenagers [LFT]) answered questionnaires at three measurement waves (baseline, post-measurement, and one-year follow-up). The questions concerned parenting style, parental mental health, family climate and adolescent mental health. Results revealed small to moderate changes in almost all outcome variables and in all parenting programs. Overall, parents in COMET reported the largest short and long-term changes. No substantial differences in change were seen between the other programs. The results support the general effectiveness of parenting programs for parents of adolescents.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Testing the personality differentiation by intelligence hypothesis in a representative sample of Swedish hexagenerians
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566 .- 1095-7251. ; 99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Personality Differentiation by Intelligence Hypothesis (PDIH) predicts larger trait-variances, and smaller across-trait covariances for individuals with higher intelligence. We tested these predictions using multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses (MG-CFA), while controlling for the potential confound of systematic method variance related to reversed items using a correlated trait, correlated method (CTCM) approach. Participants between the ages of 62 and 68 completed measures of personality (Mini-IPIP: Donnellan et al., 2006) and intelligence (Raven APM-12: Arthur & Day, 1994). After establishing strict measurement invariance (MI), we found no support for larger variances, and only minor support for lower trait covariances as related to higher intelligence. Overall, the findings provide scant support for the PDIH when controlling for systematic method variance.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hansson, Isabelle, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Life Satisfaction in the Retirement Transition: Interaction Effects of Transition Type and Individual Resources
- 2018
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Ingår i: Work, Aging and Retirement. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2054-4642 .- 2054-4650. ; 4:4, s. 352-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of retirement on well-being varies between individuals, but also within individuals over time. Type of transition and individual differences in resource capability are two factors likely to influence the retirement adjustment process, but we still lack in our understanding of the importance of these factors in relation to each other. 'I he aim of this study was to investigate interaction effects of transition type and individual resources on changes in life satisfaction in the retirement transition. We studied changes in life satisfaction over 1 year in a sample of 3,471 older adults from the population-based HEalth, Ageing, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study. The sample included participants retiring gradually (n = 360) or fully (n = 346) between the two measurement points as well those continuously working (n = 1,860) or retired (n = 905) in both waves. Resources evaluated for their role in the transition included baseline measures of self-esteem, autonomy, social support, self-rated physical health, self-rated cognitive ability, and basic financial assets. Results from multiple group latent change score models showed that retirement transition type and individual differences in resource capability variously influenced changes in life satisfaction. The six resources accounted for a larger proportion of individual differences in change among those who retired between the two waves (21.2%) than in those whose retirement status remained unchanged (12.6%). In addition, a larger proportion of variability in changes in life satisfaction were explained in abrupt (31.4%) than in gradual (11.7%) retirement.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Hansson, Isabelle, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling the Mechanisms of Retirement Adjustment: Determinants and Consequences of Subjective Well-Being
- 2020
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Ingår i: Work, Aging and Retirement. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2054-4650. ; 6:2, s. 71-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retirement from work is a major life event requiring adaptation to new life circumstances. The resource-based dynamic model of retirement adjustment suggests that well-being will change due to changes in individual resources. In the present study, we test this hypothesis by investigating longitudinal and bidirectional associations between life satisfaction and perceived resources (i.e., self-esteem, autonomy, social support, self-rated physical health, self-rated cognitive ability, and financial satisfaction) over a 4-year period in the transition from work to retirement. Our sample included annual assessment data from 497 older adults (aged 60–66) in the population-based HEalth, Ageing, and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study. Results from bivariate latent change score models showed weak but consistent associations between changes in perceived resources and changes in life satisfaction over the retirement transition. Analyses of cross-lagged effects also revealed bidirectional associations. Self-esteem, self-rated physical health, and total resource capability were positively related to changes in life satisfaction, and life satisfaction was positively related to changes in self-esteem, autonomy, self-rated physical health, and self-rated cognitive ability. The total resource capability accounted for 12% of the changes in life satisfaction in the first years following retirement. Life satisfaction accounted for 16% of the changes in autonomy in the transition from work to retirement. Our findings demonstrate that perceived resources are important for life satisfaction in the retirement transition, at the same time as overall life satisfaction accounts for how we perceive and evaluate our own resources during this process.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Hassing, Linda, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Overweight in midlife and risk of dementia: a 40-year follow-up study
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer. ; 33:8, s. 893-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study examines whether overweight in midlife increases dementia risk later in life. Methods: In 1963 body mass index was assessed in 1152 participants of The Swedish Twin Registry, at the age of 45–65 years. These participants were later screened for dementia in a prospective study with up to 40 years follow-up. A total of 312 participants were diagnosed with dementia. Results: Logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic factors, smoking and alcohol habits, indicated that men and women categorized as overweight in their midlife had an elevated risk of dementia (OR=1.59; 95% CI: 1.21–2.07, P=0.002), Alzheimer's disease (OR=1.71; 95% CI: 1.24–2.35, P=0.003), and vascular dementia (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 0.98–2.47, P=0.059). Further adjustments for diabetes and vascular diseases did not substantially affect the associations, except for vascular dementia (OR=1.36; 95% CI: 0.82–2.56, P=0.116), reflecting the significance of diabetes and vascular diseases in the etiology of vascular dementia. There was no significant interaction between overweight and APOE alt epsilon4 status, indicating that having both risk factors does not have a multiplicative effect with regard to dementia risk. Conclusions: This study gives further support to the notion that overweight in midlife increases later risk of dementia. The risk is increased for both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, and follows the same pattern for men and women. Keywords: BMI, alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia, overweight, obesity
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Hill, Patrick L., et al.
(författare)
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Future time perspective and personality trait change during the retirement transition: Insights from a six-wave longitudinal study in Sweden.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 37:2, s. 272-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examined associations between two future time perspective (FTP) dimensions (perceived opportunities and perceived time) and the Big Five personality traits during older adulthood, a developmental period that has received limited attention in personality development. Specifically, it tested whether FTP dimensions were cross-sectionally associated with personality traits, as well as if they predicted changes on those traits during a time when participants were transitioning to retirement. Participants from the Health, Ageing and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study (N = 5,913, M-age = 63.09 years) reported on their FTP at the initial assessment and on their Big Five personality traits on six assessments 1 year apart. Latent growth curve models were fit to examine FTP as a predictor of level and change in the Big Five traits over time, with perceived time and opportunities included as unique predictors. Results found that broader FTP was associated with higher extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness, but lower neuroticism initially. However, results indicated associations were stronger and sometimes only significant for perceived opportunities not time. Regarding FTP as a predictor of personality trait change, modest evidence was found that perceived opportunities predicted changes in neuroticism and openness over time. The present study extends past work by showing the importance of capturing different components of FTP when examining personality traits during older adulthood. Research needs to further explore the longitudinal predictive effects of FTP, focusing on more proximal assessments and how FTP changes during retirement.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Johansson, Boo, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive abilities in late life, proximity to death and distance from birth
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cognitive abilities in late life, proximity to death and distance from birth. Paper presented at the 18th Nordic Congress in Gerontology, Jyväskylä, Finland..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intra-individual change and continuity in cognitive abilities were examined as a conditional function of distance from birth (chronological age) and death in two Swedish population-based samples drawn from the H70 (70+; age-homogenous design) and the OCTO Twin (80+; age-heterogeneous design) studies. Examined cognitive domains included mental speed, memory, fluid, and crystallized abilities Three alternative time-based modelling approaches were used to fit the data a) an age-related approach b) a time-to–death-related approach, and c) a dual time structure component ap-proach including both age- and death-related time components. The death-related time structure accounts better for the data and age-related changes were largely attenuated when accounting for death-related changes, but death-related changes were relatively unaffected by the age-related sources of variance. The results emphasize that the reliance on age as a basic time structure in cognitive aging re-search can be doubtful and the importance of identifying diseases, co-morbidity and other health-related factors that account for cognitive decline in later life. Future studies need to identify and evaluate more specifically the time-related processes that increase the likelihood of death and produce decline in brain and cognitive functioning in later life.
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| 22. |
- Johansson, Boo, et al.
(författare)
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I Rate My Memory Quite Similar at Age 40 and at Age 70 Findings in a Swedish Longitudinal Study on Subjective Memory over a 30-Year Period
- 2020
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Ingår i: Geropsych-the Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1662-9647. ; 33:4, s. 235-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1987, we administered a subjective memory questionnaire to 143 40-year-old men, and 30 years later 67 of them again responded to the same questionnaire at age 70. At the follow-up, we also instructed participants to answer the questionnaire in the same manner as they thought they did at age 40 and to perform a picture recognition and a public event test. We employed confirmatory factor analysis to model a latent subjective memory construct. A single-factor solution provided acceptable model fit to data (chi(2)(12) = 9.33, p = .68; chi(2)(12) = 10.48, p = .57) and a decent reliability at both ages for the subjective memory measurements (omega = .82 and .93, respectively). Our longitudinal invariance testing revealed only a partial weak invariance. We also fitted a latent change-score model to the data. As expected, participants on average rated their memory as poorer at age 70 than at 40. Those who reported better overall health and less anxiety reported less memory decline up to age 70. Notably, this was also the case for those who rated memory as worse at age 40. Higher stress and depression at age 70, however, were associated with worse subjective memory already at age 40. The correspondences between memory ratings and tests were low. The correlation between the subjective memory factors at age 40 and 70 was 0.58, while the correlation between the memory factor at age 70 and the retrospective subjective memory factor was 0.87. Our findings suggest that subjective memory is quite consistent, and that we are inclined to preserve the continuity of our own memory functioning over the adult lifespan.
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| 23. |
- Johansson, Boo, et al.
(författare)
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What matters and what matters most for survival after age 80? A multidisciplinary exploration based on twin data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given research and public interest for conditions related to an extended lifespan, we addressed the questions of what matters and what matters most for subsequent survival past age 80. The data was drawn from the population-based and multidisciplinary Swedish OCTO Twin Study, in which a sample (N = 699) consisting of identical and same-sex fraternal twin pairs, followed from age 80 until death, provided detailed data on health, physical functioning, life style, personality, and sociodemographic conditions. Information concerning date of birth and death were obtained from population census register. We estimated heritability using an ACE model and evaluated the role of multiple predictors for the mortality-related hazard rate using Cox regression. Our findings confirmed a low heritability of 12%. As expected, longer survival was associated with being a female, an apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele non-carrier, and a non-smoker. Several diseases were found to be associated with shorter survival (cerebrovascular, dementia, Parkinson’s, and diabetes) as well as certain health conditions (high diastolic blood pressure, low body mass index, and hip fracture). Stronger grip and better lung function, as well as better vision (but not hearing), and better cognitive function (self-evaluated and measured) was related to longer survival. Social embeddedness, better self-evaluated health, and life-satisfaction were also significantly associated with longer survival. After controlling for the impact of comorbidity, functional markers, and personality-related predictors, we found that sex, cerebrovascular diseases, compromised cognitive functioning, self-related health, and life-satisfaction remained as strong predictors. Cancer was only associated with the mortality hazard when accounting for other co-morbidities. The survival estimates were mostly in anticipated directions and contained effect sizes within the expected range. Noteworthy, we found that some of the so-called “soft-markers” remained strong predictors, despite a control for other factors. For example, self-evaluation of health and ratings of life-satisfaction provide additional and valuable information.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Birth Cohort Differences in Fluid Cognition in Old Age : Comparisons of Trends in Levels and Change Trajectories Over 30 Years in Three Population-Based Samples
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - Washington, DC : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 30:1, s. 83-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Later born cohorts of older adults tend to outperform earlier born on fluid cognition (i.e. Flynn effect) when measured at the same chronological ages. We investigated cohort differences in level of performance and rate of change across three population-based samples born in 1901, 1906, and 1930, drawn from the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg, Sweden (H70), and measured on tests of logical reasoning and spatial ability at ages 70, 75 and 79 years. Estimates from multiple-group latent growth curve models (LGCM) revealed, in line with previous studies, substantial differences in level of performance where later born cohorts outperformed earlier born cohorts. Somewhat surprisingly later born cohorts showed, on average, a steeper decline than the earlier born cohort. Gender and education only partially accounted for observed cohort trends. Men outperformed women in the 1906 and 1930 cohorts but no difference was found in the 1901 cohort. More years of education was associated with improved performance in all three cohorts. Our findings confirm the presence of birth cohort effects also in old age but indicate a faster rate of decline in later born samples. Potential explanations for these findings are discussed. © 2015 American Psychological Association.
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| 26. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Birth cohort differences in fluid cognition in old age : Comparisons of trends in levels and change trajectories over 30 years in three population-based samples
- 2015
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the Third International Conference on Aging & Cognition. - Dortmund : Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund. - 9783980834285 ; , s. 64-64
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives and Method: Later born cohorts of older adults tend to outperform earlier born on fluid cognition (i.e. Flynn effect) when measured at the same chronological ages. We investigated cohort differences in level of performance and rate of change across three population-based samples born in 1901, 1906, and 1930, drawn from the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies in Gothenburg, Sweden (H70), and measured on tests of logical reasoning and spatial ability at ages 70, 75 and 79 years.Results: Estimates from multiple-group latent growth curve models (LGCM) revealed, in line with previous studies, substantial differences in level of performance where later born cohorts outperformed earlier born cohorts. Somewhat surprisingly later born cohorts showed, on average, a steeper decline than the earlier born cohort. Gender and education only partially accounted for observed cohort trends. Men outperformed women in the 1906 and 1930 cohorts but no difference was found in the 1901 cohort. More years of education was associated with improved performance in all three cohorts.Conclusion: Our findings confirm the presence of birth cohort effects also in old age but indicate a faster rate of decline in later born samples. Potential explanations for these findings are discussed in the context of neuropathology and cognitive reserve.
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| 27. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Birth cohort differences in the effects of cardiovascular risk factors on fluid cognition in old age
- 2016
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Ingår i: 23NKG2016. ; , s. 78-79
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: A large body of evidence indicates that cardiovascular risk factors are related to neurodegenerative processes leading to cognitive decline and eventually dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate birth cohort differences in the effects of cardiovascular risk on cognitive performance and rate of cognitive change.Method: We used data from three cohorts born in 1901-02, 1906-07, and 1930 measured at ages 70, 75, and 79 years on two fluid cognitive measures (i.e. spatial ability and logical reasoning). We used the Framingham Risk Score based on simple office-based non-laboratory predictors (age, systolic blood pressure, BMI, smoking and diabetes status) to calculate cardiovascular risk.Findings: Estimates from multiple-group latent growth curve models (LGCM) revealed higher levels of cognitive performance but faster rate of decline in later born cohorts compared with earlier born cohorts. But most importantly, the results indicated no association between the Framingham risk score and cognitive performance or change.Conclusion: Our findings suggests either no association between cardiovascular risk and cognition in old age, or that the Framingham Risk Score, based on simple office-based non-laboratory predictors, may not be suitable for predicting cognitive functioning in old age.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort Differences in the Association of Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Aging
- 2018
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Ingår i: GeroPsych. - Goettingen : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. - 1662-9647 .- 1662-971X. ; 31:4, s. 195-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate birth cohort differences in associations between cardiovascular risk and fluid cognition between the age of 70 and 79. Method: Data were drawn from representative population-based cohort samples (H70), born 1901–1902, 1906–1907, and 1930, measured at ages 70, 75, and 79 on fluid cognitive measures (spatial ability and logical reasoning). The Framingham Risk Score (FRS), derived from office-based nonlaboratory predictors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, BMI, smoking, diabetes status), was used to measure cardiovascular risk. Multiple-group latent growth curve models were fitted to the data. Findings: Estimates revealed small associations between the FRS and fluid cognition. These associations were slightly reduced in the 1930 cohort. Conclusion: Findings suggest diminishing adverse effects of cardiovascular risk on cognitive aging in cohorts born later. © 2018 Hogrefe AG.
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| 30. |
- Lindwall, Magnus, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological health in the retirement transition: Rationale and first findings in the HEalth, Ageing and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Lindwall, Berg, Bjälkebring, Buratti, Hansson, Hassing, Henning, Kivi, König, Thorvaldsson and Johansson. From an aging research and life-course perspective, the transition to retirement marks a significant life-event and provides a unique opportunity to study psychological health and coping during a period of substantial change in everyday life. The aim of the present paper is to: (a) outline the rationale of the HEalth, Ageing and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study, (b) describe the study sample, and (c) to present some initial results from the two first waves regarding the association between retirement status and psychological health. The HEARTS study is designed to annually study psychological health in the years before and following retirement, and to examine change and stability patterns related to the retirement event. Among a representative Swedish population-based sample of 14,990 individuals aged 60-66 years, 5,913 completed the baseline questionnaire in 2015. The majority of the participants (69%) completed a web-based survey, and the rest (31%) completed a paper version. The baseline HEARTS sample represents the general population well in terms of gender and age, but is more highly educated. Cross-sectional findings from the first wave showed that retired individuals demonstrated better psychological health compared to those who were still working. Longitudinal results from the first and second waves showed that individuals who retired between waves showed more positive changes in psychological health compared with those still working or previously retired.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Najar, Jenna, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer's disease in relation to cognitive change: A representative sample from the general population followed over 16 years.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Disease. - 0969-9961 .- 1095-953X. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer's disease (AD-PRSs) have been associated with cognition. However, few studies have examined the effect of AD-PRS beyond the APOE gene, and the influence of genetic variants related to level of cognitive ability (COG-PRS) on cognitive performance over time in the general older population. Method: A population-based sample of 965 individuals born in 1930, with genetic and standardized cognitive data on six psychometric tests (Thurstone's picture memory, immediate recall of 10 words, Block design, word fluency, figure identification, delayed recall of 12 items), were examined at age 70, 75, 79, and 85 years. Non-APOE AD-PRSs and COG-PRSs (P < 5e−8, P < 1e−5, P < 1e−3, P < 1e−1) were generated from recent genome-wide association studies. Linear mixed effect models with random intercepts and slope were used to analyze the effect of APOE ε4 allele, AD-PRSs, and COG-PRSs, on cognitive performance and rate of change. Analyses were repeated in samples excluding dementia. Results: APOE ε4 and AD-PRS predicted change in cognitive performance (APOE ε4*age: β = −0.03, P < 0.0001 and AD-PRS *age: β = −0.01, P = 0.02). The results remained similar in the sample excluding those with dementia. COG-PRS predicted level of cognitive performance, while APOE ε4 and AD-PRS did not. COG-PRSs did not predict change in cognitive performance. Conclusion: We found that genetic predisposition of AD predicted cognitive decline among 70-year-olds followed over 16 years, regardless of dementia status, while polygenic risk for general cognitive performance did not.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Piccinin, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Coordinated analysis of age, sex, and education effects on change in MMSE scores
- 2013
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5014 .- 1758-5368. ; 68:3, s. 374-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe and compare the expected performance trajectories of older adults on the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) across six independent studies from four countries in the context of a collaborative network of longitudinal studies of aging. A coordinated analysis approach is used to compare patterns of change conditional on sample composition differences related to age, sex, and education. Such coordination accelerates evaluation of particular hypotheses. In particular, we focus on the effect of educational attainment on cognitive decline. Regular and Tobit mixed models were fit to MMSE scores from each study separately. The effects of age, sex, and education were examined based on more than one centering point. Findings were relatively consistent across studies. On average, MMSE scores were lower for older individuals and declined over time. Education predicted MMSE score, but, with two exceptions, was not associated with decline in MMSE over time. A straightforward association between educational attainment and rate of cognitive decline was not supported. Thoughtful consideration is needed when synthesizing evidence across studies, as methodologies adopted and sample characteristics, such as educational attainment, invariably differ.
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| 35. |
- Piccinin, M, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-national coordinated analysis (IALSA) of age, sex, and education effects on change in MMSE scores
- 2006
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Ingår i: 59th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, Dallas, TX, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a cross-national, multi-study (ALSA, CLS, H-70, HOPE, NAS, OCTO-Twin, LASA) analysis, we systematically address concerns regarding the effect of educational attainment on Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) scores in a descriptive comparison of between-person dif-ferences and within-person age changes. We describe the coordinated analysis process and the first results from the IALSA network. Marked country and birth cohort differences in educa-tional attainment required a flexible modeling approach: median years in school ranged from 6 in LASA and the older Swedish cohorts to 12 in CLS and NAS. For studies with similarly coded education, higher educated participants scored higher and showed less decline. Ignoring the impact of declining health, on average, at age 80, men with six years of education scored between 25 and 27 on the MMSE and declined about 0.3 points per year. Older individuals tend to score lower and decline at a faster rate. Gender differences were mixed.
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| 36. |
- Praetorius, Marcus, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Differences in Cognitive Performance in Old Age: Adjusting for Longevity
- 2014
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Ingår i: GeroPsych: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1662-9647 .- 1662-971X. ; 27:3, s. 129-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine gender differences in level and change of cognitive performance in the oldest old while accounting for gender differences in longevity. Method: 574 individuals, aged 80 years and older, from the OCTO Twin Study. Five cognitive domains were administered at five occasions at 2-year intervals. Results: There were no cognitive differences between men and women, with the exception that men showed a steeper rate of decline in semantic memory. This effect was driven by men who had developed dementia and declined at a faster rate than women. Conclusion: Our results support previous findings showing minor to nonexisting gender differences in cognition among nondemented individuals in very old age when taking gender differences in longevity into account.
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| 37. |
- Praetorius, Marcus, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Substantial effects of APOE ε4 on memory decline in very old age: Longitudinal findings from a population-based sample
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580. ; 34:12, s. 2734-2739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined associations between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 allele and levels of performance and rates of change in cognition in late life taking incident dementia into account. The sample consisted of 482 nondemented individuals, aged 80 years and older at baseline, drawn from the OCTO twin study. A battery of 10 cognitive tests was administered at 5 occasions with measurements intervals of 2 years. We fitted hierarchical linear models with time specified as time to death and controlled for baseline age, sex, education, stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and incident dementia. The epsilon 4 allele was significantly associated with lower levels of performance or steeper rate of decline in all 7 memory tests. Largest effect sizes were found in tests of delayed recall and recognition memory. The effects of the APOE epsilon 4 allele were, however, reduced to a nonsignificant level in all tests except 1 after accounting for incident dementia. The findings support the notion that the APOE epsilon 4 allele is associated with substantial memory decline in very old age, but as expected, the effect is largely related to incident dementia. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
- Praetorius, Marcus, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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THE APOE epsilon 4 GENOTYPE ACCELERATES TERMINAL DECLINE IN COGNITION IN THE OLDEST-OLD
- 2011
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Ingår i: Gerontologist. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0016-9013. ; 51:Supplement 2
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have been published recent years which states that differences in individual cognitive change in old age is associated with impending death. The relationship between individual cognitive change in old age and survival is however still unclear. Several issues need to be clarified. In the present study we investigated if the association between individual cognitive change and survival is mediated by differences in gene characteristics such as APOE genotype. Participants were 498 individuals aged 80+ from the longitudinal Swedish OCTOTwin study, tested at five measurement occasions. Inter-individual differences in intra-individual change were analysed using multilevel modelling (MLM) which provides both overall growth estimates for the entire sample as well as individual and within-pair variation in growth. The results showed that APOE was significantly related to differential patterns of terminal decline in all tests measuring long-term memory (semantic and episodic memory). There were non significant similar trends in almost all other tests. APOE ε4 genotype carriers had a steeper survival related decline than the other genotype carriers. The results indicate that APOE is not just the most important biological marker for developing Alzheimer’s disease. It plays, in a for dementia controlled sample, a significant role for survival related differences in cognitive change.
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| 39. |
- Rydberg Sterner, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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The Gothenburg H70 Birth cohort study 2014-16: design, methods and study population.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 34:2, s. 191-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve health care for older persons, we need to learn more about ageing, e.g. identify protective factors and early markers for diseases. The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (the H70 studies) are multidisciplinary epidemiological studies examining representative birth cohorts of older populations in Gothenburg, Sweden. So far, six birth cohorts of 70-year-olds have been examined over time, and examinations have been virtually identical between studies. This paper describes the study procedures for the baseline examination of the Birth cohort 1944, conducted in 2014-16. In this study, all men and women born 1944 on specific dates, and registered as residents in Gothenburg, were eligible for participation (n=1839). A total of 1203 (response rate 72.2%; 559 men and 644 women; mean age 70.5years) agreed to participate in the study. The study comprised sampling of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, psychiatric, cognitive, and physical health examinations, examinations of genetics and family history, use of medications, social factors, functional ability and disability, physical fitness and activity, body composition, lung function, audiological and ophthalmological examinations, diet, brain imaging, as well as a close informant interview, and qualitative studies. As in previous examinations, data collection serves as a basis for future longitudinal follow-up examinations. The research gained from the H70 studies has clinical relevance in relation to prevention, early diagnosis, clinical course, experience of illness, understanding pathogenesis and prognosis. Results will increase our understanding of ageing and inform service development, which may lead to enhanced quality of care for older persons.
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| 40. |
- Sacuiu, Simona, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive performance 10-18 years before stroke
- 2005
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Ingår i: Second Congress of the International Society for Vascular, Behavioural, and Cognitive Disorders (VasCog), Firenze, Italy..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 41. |
- Sacuiu, Simona, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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The pattern of cognitive symptoms predicts time to dementia onset.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279 .- 1552-5260. ; 5:3, s. 199-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined whether cognitive symptom patterns differ by age and length of time before dementia onset. Our objective was to investigate whether different patterns of cognitive symptoms at ages 70, 75, and 79 years predict short-term (< or =5 years) and long-term (>5 years) dementia onset. METHODS: A representative sample of 382 nondemented 70-year-olds from Gothenburg, Sweden was examined periodically up to age 90 years. Information on dementia in those lost to follow-up was obtained from medical records. Cognitive assessments at ages 70, 75, and 79 years included psychiatric and psychometric examinations. Four patterns of cognitive performance were examined in relation to dementia onset: (1) unimpaired cognition, (2) isolated low memory, (3) low non-memory, and (4) global low cognitive performance. RESULTS: Short-term onset was predicted by global low performance at ages 70, 75, and 79 years and by low non-memory performance at ages 70 and 75. Isolated low memory was not a short-term predictor at any examination, but it predicted long-term onset at ages 70 and 75 years. CONCLUSIONS: A global pattern of low cognitive performance predicts short-term but not long-term onset of dementia, whereas isolated low memory performance predicts dementia only in the long-term. Our findings also suggest that preclinical symptoms of dementia might differ by age.
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| 42. |
- Skoog, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A Longitudinal Study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in Late Nonagenarians and Its Relationship with Dementia, Mortality, and Education.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 65:6, s. 1296-1300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine level of and change in cognitive status using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in relation to dementia, mortality, education, and sex in late nonagenarians.Three-year longitudinal study with examinations at ages 97, 99, and 100.Trained psychiatric research nurses examined participants at their place of living.A representative population-based sample of 97-year-old Swedes (N = 591; 107 men, 484 women) living in Gothenburg, Sweden.A Swedish version of the MMSE was used to measure cognitive status. Geriatric psychiatrists diagnosed dementia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised. Mixed models were fitted to the data to model the longitudinal relationship between MMSE score and explanatory variables.Individuals with dementia between age 97 and 100 had lower mean MMSE scores than those without dementia. Those who died during the 3-year follow-up had lower MMSE scores than those who survived. MMSE scores at baseline did not differ between those without dementia and those who developed dementia during the 3-year follow-up. Participants with more education had higher MMSE scores, but there was no association between education and linear change.MMSE score is associated with dementia and subsequent mortality even in very old individuals, although the preclinical phase of dementia may be short in older age. Level of education is positively associated with MMSE score but not rate of decline in individuals approaching age 100.
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| 43. |
- Skoog, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study on subjective sleep disturbance and risk of dementia in 85-year-olds followed over 15 years.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association, Vol. 13, Issue 7, P1043. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent research indicates that sleep may play a role in the development of dementia. However, few studies have been conducted in the oldest-old ages. The aim of this study was to examinethe association between subjective sleep disturbance and incidentdementia in a population-based sample of 85-year-olds without dementia at baseline, followed until their death. Methods:Arepresen-tative sample of 85-year-olds (N¼494, 144 men, 350 women) were examined with comprehensive neuropsychiatric examinations. 147 individuals were excluded due to dementia at baseline, two subjects lacked data on subjective sleep disturbance, leaving 345 individuals. Sleep disturbance was assessed with a question regarding a subjective experience of decreased sleep during the last month while dementia during follow-up was diagnosed by geriatric psychiatrists according to DSM-III-R. Results: Subjective sleep disturbance at baseline wasnot related to incident dementia during follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.77-1.59). Conclusions: We found in populations-based sample of 85-year-olds that subjective sleep disturbance was not related to incident dementia during follow-up. Future research need to elucidate whether sleep disturbance affect older individuals differently in younger compared to older ages.
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| 44. |
- Skoog, Johan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Do later-born birth cohorts of septuagenarians sleep better? A prospective population-based study of two birth cohorts of 70-year-olds.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1550-9109 .- 0161-8105. ; 42:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate birth cohort differences in the prevalence of insomnia from age 70 to 79.Data were drawn from populations-based samples of two cohorts of septuagenarians; the early born 1901-07-cohort, who took part in psychiatric examinations between 1971-1986 (n=681), and the later born 1930-cohort, examined between 2000-2010 (n=943). Examinations were conducted at ages 70, 75 and 79. Criteria for insomnia were identical across cohorts and included sleep dissatisfaction accompanied with complaints of difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. Associations were analyzed with logistic growth curve models.The later-born cohort had lower odds for insomnia at age 70 (OR=0.52, 95%-CI 0.32-0.87) compared to the earlier-born cohort. Age was not related to insomnia as a main effect but we found an interaction between age and birth cohort (OR=1.14, 95%-CI 1.08-1.21); insomnia increased with age in the later but not in the early born cohort. Women had higher odds for insomnia compared to men (OR=3.10, 95%-CI 2.02-4.74), and there was an interaction between sex and birth cohort (OR=0.51, 95%-CI 0.30-0.88; there were larger cohort differences among women than among men and less sex differences in the later than in the earlier born cohort. Also, there were no significant differences between the cohorts in taking sleep medications.Our findings provide evidence of improved self-reported sleep in later born cohorts of septuagenarians, but the difference diminished with age. The prevalence of self-reported insomnia was greater in women than in men, but sex differences were less pronounced in the later born cohort.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Thorvaldsson, Valgeir, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Age- and time-to death-based interrelationships between perceptual speed and memory in the oldest-old
- 2005
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Ingår i: The 58th Scientific Meeting with the American Gerontological Society.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study interrelationships between changes in memory and perceptual speed were examined, across ages 85 to 99, in the Swedish population-based panel study (Gothenburg H-70). Bivariate extensions of the random coefficients model were evaluated by fitting both age- and time-to-death-based models. The findings indicated a significant difference in the nature of age- and time-to-death-based changes. Correlations between performance status at age 85 and time of death was high (.74 and .79 respectively). The age-based between-person correlation was high (.86) but attenuated in the time-to-death-based model (.59). Coupled changes in both models were significant but low (.15 and .18), probably reflecting long inter-measurements intervals and attrition due to death. These findings indicate the importance of modelling cognitive changes within a theoretically directed time structure. Aggregation of health heterogeneous age samples will influence inferences of within-person changes and interrelationship between changes
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