| 1. |
- Alanärä, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Utsättning av djur för jakt och fiske
- 2021
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- SLUs vetenskapliga råd för djurskydd har fått i uppdrag av Jordbruksverket att sammanställa aktuell forskning kring utsättning av djur för jakt och fiske samt att belysa eventuella kunskapsluckor på området. Uppdraget omfattar gräsand, rapphöna, fasan och laxfiskar. Bruket att föda upp fåglar och fiskar för utsättning i syfte att gynna jakt och fiske ifrågasätts inte sällan av etiska skäl, men den diskussionen ligger utanför fokus för denna rapport. Utsättning av fågel och fisk är en antropogen verksamhet som, till skillnad från många andra typer av mänsklig påverkan, syftar till att gynna arterna i fråga. Det kan handla om naturvårdsinsatser, att återinföra försvunna arter eller att på andra sätt berika ekosystemet, inte sällan med ökade möjligheter till jakt eller fiske som slutändamål. Ofta förbereds och åtföljs utsättningar av habitatförbättrande åtgärder som inte endast gynnar de utsatta individerna och deras artfränder, utan även har positiva konsekvenser för biologisk mångfald och ekosystemet i stort. I utarbetandet av regelverket knutet till utsättning av fågel och fisk är det viktigt att även beakta de positiva föresatserna och de konsekvenser som verksamheten kan medföra. Annars riskerar man att engagemang och incitament förloras, till men för biologisk mångfald och en rik och levande landsbygd.
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| 2. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Discharge planning of stroke patients : the relatives' perceptions of participation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. - 0962-1067 ; 18:6, s. 857-865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To describe relatives' perceived participation in discharge planning for patients with stroke and identify correlates to perceived participation. Stroke affects both patients and their relatives and previous research shows that relatives were often dissatisfied with their perceived involvement in discharge planning and the information they get. Prospective cross-sectional study. The study comprised 152 consecutively enrolled relatives (mean age = 60.8 years) of acute stroke patients admitted to a stroke unit in southern Sweden during 2003-2005. Data were collected through interviews 2-3 weeks after discharge using 'Relative's Questionnaire about Participation in Discharge planning'. This instrument measures perceived participation in three subscales: R-Information-Illness, R-Information-Care/support, and R-Goals and Needs. The Overall Rating of Relative's Perceived Participation in Discharge Planning was measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) (1-10 score). Among the relatives, 56-68% reported positively according to R-Information-Illness, but 46-53% perceived that they did not receive any information about care/medication/rehabilitation/support. About 80% perceived no participation at all in goals and needs. The mean value of the VAS was 3.89 (SD 3.40) score. Regression analyses revealed that longer stay at hospital, patients with higher education, and relatives of female patients and female relatives were associated with relatives' perceptions of higher participation in discharge planning. Relatives perceived that they needed more information and knowledge about stroke and care/medication/rehabilitation/support. They also needed to be more involved in goal-setting and in identifying patient needs. Professionals should take into consideration these associated variables to improve relatives' perceived participation. Clinicians should give more attention to the altered situation of stroke patients' relatives when planning for continuing care and when setting postdischarge goals for the patients. The professionals need to develop strategies to involve relatives in sharing information, goal-setting and needs assessment in discharge planning.
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| 3. |
- Khamisi, Selwan, et al.
(författare)
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Increased plasma levels of soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy in comparison to hyperthyroid patients without Graves' ophthalmopathy.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cytokine. - : Elsevier. - 1043-4666 .- 1096-0023. ; 169, s. 156269-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Management of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is still a challenge in Graves' disease (GD). Moreover, 40% of GD patients show radiological muscle enlargement without clinically apparent GO. Delayed treatment of GO may lead to deterioration in prognosis.METHODS: Thirty GD patients with overt hyperthyroidism were included in this study, 17 of whom either had GO at diagnosis or developed GO during the study period. Samples were collected at the beginning of the study, at 6 months, and at 24 months. Plasma samples were analyzed for 92 cytokines using the Olink Target 96 inflammation panel.RESULTS: After adjustment for multiplicity testing using the false discovery rate approach, soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) were significantly elevated in GO patients.CONCLUSION: Using a broad cytokine panel we show that patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy have elevated PD-L1 and FGF-23 levels. The findings support previous suggestions that PD-L1 may serve as a treatment target.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Discharge planning of stroke patients : the relatives' perceptions of participation
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 18:6, s. 857-865
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To describe relatives' perceived participation in discharge planning for patients with stroke and identify correlates to perceived participation. Stroke affects both patients and their relatives and previous research shows that relatives were often dissatisfied with their perceived involvement in discharge planning and the information they get. Prospective cross-sectional study. The study comprised 152 consecutively enrolled relatives (mean age = 60.8 years) of acute stroke patients admitted to a stroke unit in southern Sweden during 2003-2005. Data were collected through interviews 2-3 weeks after discharge using 'Relative's Questionnaire about Participation in Discharge planning'. This instrument measures perceived participation in three subscales: R-Information-Illness, R-Information-Care/support, and R-Goals and Needs. The Overall Rating of Relative's Perceived Participation in Discharge Planning was measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) (1-10 score). Among the relatives, 56-68% reported positively according to R-Information-Illness, but 46-53% perceived that they did not receive any information about care/medication/rehabilitation/support. About 80% perceived no participation at all in goals and needs. The mean value of the VAS was 3.89 (SD 3.40) score. Regression analyses revealed that longer stay at hospital, patients with higher education, and relatives of female patients and female relatives were associated with relatives' perceptions of higher participation in discharge planning. Relatives perceived that they needed more information and knowledge about stroke and care/medication/rehabilitation/support. They also needed to be more involved in goal-setting and in identifying patient needs. Professionals should take into consideration these associated variables to improve relatives' perceived participation. Clinicians should give more attention to the altered situation of stroke patients' relatives when planning for continuing care and when setting postdischarge goals for the patients. The professionals need to develop strategies to involve relatives in sharing information, goal-setting and needs assessment in discharge planning.
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| 6. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Discharged after stroke - important factors for health-related quality of life
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 19:15-16, s. 2196-2206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. This study examines different correlates to health-related quality (HRQoL) of life after discharge in patients with stroke. Background. HRQoL is an important aspect of life after suffering a stroke. Previous research has revealed several variables associated with poststroke quality of life, including age, gender, depression, fatigue, length of hospital stay, functional status and amount of social participation. However, the time span after stroke varies greatly in the different studies. Although the multiple factors that contribute to short-term postdischarge HRQoL have potential importance for discharge planning, to our knowledge, these factors have not been systematically investigated during the earlier days following discharge. Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. The sample consisted of 188 consecutively included individuals (mean age 74 years, 56% men) from a stroke unit in southern Sweden. The interviews were performed two to three weeks after discharge and included use of the SF-36, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Barthel Index, the Frenchay Activities Index, performance of interests and survey of patients' perceived participation in discharge planning. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify variables associated with HRQoL. Results. Multiple regression analyses with the eight scales of SF-36 as dependent variables revealed eight models, one for each scale, which were statistically significant. Depressive symptoms were associated with lower HRQoL. Ability to perform personal and social activities, interests, younger age, education (elementary school) and shorter hospital stay were related to higher HRQoL. Patients' perceived participation in discharge planning was both positively and negatively associated with HRQoL. Conclusions. Several variables were related to good HRQoL two to three weeks post-discharge, particularly fewer depressive symptoms, participation in social activities such as outdoor activities and performance of interests. Relevance to clinical practice. These results can be used to design needs assessment forms of discharge planning to promote adaptation and recovery after stroke.
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| 7. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Discharged after stroke - important factors for health-related quality of life.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 19:15-16, s. 2196-2206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: This study examines different correlates to health-related quality (HRQoL) of life after discharge in patients with stroke.BACKGROUND: HRQoL is an important aspect of life after suffering a stroke. Previous research has revealed several variables associated with poststroke quality of life, including age, gender, depression, fatigue, length of hospital stay, functional status and amount of social participation. However, the time span after stroke varies greatly in the different studies. Although the multiple factors that contribute to short-term postdischarge HRQoL have potential importance for discharge planning, to our knowledge, these factors have not been systematically investigated during the earlier days following discharge.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.METHODS: The sample consisted of 188 consecutively included individuals (mean age 74 years, 56% men) from a stroke unit in southern Sweden. The interviews were performed two to three weeks after discharge and included use of the SF-36, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Barthel Index, the Frenchay Activities Index, performance of interests and survey of patients' perceived participation in discharge planning. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify variables associated with HRQoL.RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses with the eight scales of SF-36 as dependent variables revealed eight models, one for each scale, which were statistically significant. Depressive symptoms were associated with lower HRQoL. Ability to perform personal and social activities, interests, younger age, education (elementary school) and shorter hospital stay were related to higher HRQoL. Patients' perceived participation in discharge planning was both positively and negatively associated with HRQoL.CONCLUSIONS: Several variables were related to good HRQoL two to three weeks post-discharge, particularly fewer depressive symptoms, participation in social activities such as outdoor activities and performance of interests.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: These results can be used to design needs assessment forms of discharge planning to promote adaptation and recovery after stroke.
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| 8. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' perceptions of their participation in discharge planning after acute stroke
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 18:2, s. 199-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives. To describe stroke patients' perceptions of their participation in the discharge planning process and identify correlates of perceived participation. Background. Patients have the right to participate in discharge planning, but earlier research has shown that they are often dissatisfied with the information they receive and their involvement in goal-setting during discharge planning. Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. The sample consisted of 188 persons (mean age 74 years, SD 11·2) with acute stroke who were admitted to a stroke unit at a hospital in southern Sweden during 2003–2005. Data was collected by face-to-face interviews 2–3 weeks after discharge using the 'Patients' Questionnaire on Participation in Discharge Planning'. This instrument measures perceived participation in discharge planning in three subscales: P-Information, P-Medical Treatment, P-Goals and Needs. Results. The percentage of patients who perceived that they had participated in discharge planning was as follows: 72–90% according to P-Information, 29–38% according to P-Medical Treatment and 15–47% according to P-Goals and Needs. Age, education and performance of activities of daily living were significantly related to perceived participation as measured by different subscales. Conclusions. Most of the patients perceived that they received information, but fewer perceived participation in the planning of medical treatment and needs of care/service/rehabilitation and goal-setting. Professionals need to pay more attention to patients in different subgroups to facilitate their participation in discharge planning. Relevance to clinical practice. To facilitate and increase patients' participation in discharge planning, methods should be implemented for goal-setting and identifying patients' needs. Methods that foster patient participation may improve goal-orientated care, services and rehabilitation after discharge.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Almborg, Ann-Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' perceptions of their participation in discharge planning after acute stroke
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 18:2, s. 199-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives. To describe stroke patients' perceptions of their participation in the discharge planning process and identify correlates of perceived participation. Background. Patients have the right to participate in discharge planning, but earlier research has shown that they are often dissatisfied with the information they receive and their involvement in goal-setting during discharge planning. Design. Cross-sectional study. Methods. The sample consisted of 188 persons (mean age 74 years, SD 11·2) with acute stroke who were admitted to a stroke unit at a hospital in southern Sweden during 2003–2005. Data was collected by face-to-face interviews 2–3 weeks after discharge using the 'Patients' Questionnaire on Participation in Discharge Planning'. This instrument measures perceived participation in discharge planning in three subscales: P-Information, P-Medical Treatment, P-Goals and Needs. Results. The percentage of patients who perceived that they had participated in discharge planning was asfollows: 72–90% according to P-Information, 29–38% according to P-Medical Treatment and 15–47% according to P-Goals and Needs. Age, education and performance of activities of daily living were significantly related to perceived participation as measured by different subscales. Conclusions. Most of the patients perceived that they received information, but fewer perceived participation in the planning of medical treatment and needs of care/service/rehabilitation and goal-setting. Professionals need to pay more attention to patients in different subgroups to facilitate their participation in discharge planning. Relevance to clinical practice. To facilitate and increase patients' participation in discharge planning, methods should be implemented for goal-setting and identifying patients' needs. Methods that foster patient participation may improve goal-orientated care, services and rehabilitation after discharge.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Aminoff, A, et al.
(författare)
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Allele-specific regulation of MTTP expression influences the risk of ischemic heart disease.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of lipid research. - 0022-2275 .- 1539-7262. ; 51:1, s. 103-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Promoter polymorphisms in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) have been associated with decreased plasma lipids but an increased risk for ischemic heart disease (IHD), indicating that MTTP influences the susceptibility for IHD independent of plasma lipids. The objective of this study was to characterize the functional promoter polymorphism in MTTP predisposing to IHD and its underlying mechanism. Use of pyrosequencing technology revealed that presence of the minor alleles of the promoter polymorphisms -493G>T and -164T>C result in lower transcription of MTTP in vivo in the heart, liver, and macrophages. In vitro experiments indicated that the minor -164C allele mediates the lower gene expression and that C/EBP binds to the polymorphic region in an allele-specific manner. Furthermore, homozygous carriers of the -164C were found to have increased risk for IHD as shown in a case-control study including a total of 544 IHD patients and 544 healthy control subjects. We concluded that carriers of the minor -164C allele have lower expression of MTTP in the heart, mediated at least partly by the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, and that reduced concentration of MTTP in the myocardium may contribute to IHD upon ischemic damage.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Elly-Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Det sista levnadsåret : En förstudie
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande studie har undersökt omsorgs- och vårdmönster för ett urval (N = 77) av alla 80 år och äldre som avled i Jönköpings sjukvårdsområde 1999. Information inhämtades om kommunal omsorg och om slutenvård samt genom intervjuer med anhöriga (bortfall 16 %). En fjärdedel av de avlidna bodde hemma tills de avled, men själva dödsfallet inträffade för dem vanligen inom akutvården. Majoriteten av de avlidna (74 %) vistades sista tiden i livet – i genomsnitt 4 år – i ”särskilt boende”. Av dessa avled de allra flesta också där. En liten grupp – och främst bland hemmaboende - använder många av alla slutenvårdstillfällen och än fler av alla vårddagar, men ”vårdkarusell” är inget vanligt fenomen bland de avlidna. Mer än 9 av 10 har fått kommunal omsorg och/eller sjukvård under sitt sista levnadsår. Anhöriga är i allmänhet nöjda med dessa insatser. I regel var de också nöjda med vården i anslutning till dödsfallet.
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| 14. |
- Broström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Entreprenörskap i Sverige – Nationell GEM-rapport 2022
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Från förordet: Årets rapport kartlägger det svenska entreprenörskapets utveckling under en turbulent tid präglad av pandemi, restriktioner och nedstängningar av hela samhällen vilket du kan läsa om i kapitel två. Trots pandemin ökar svenskt entreprenörskap under 2021 till nio procent (TEA) vilket är den högsta siffran som redovisats i GEM-projektet för Sveriges del sedan 2010. En minst sagt glädjande siffra.Det är emellertid inte en anledning att luta sig tillbaka. Världen står inför stora utmaningar i form av komponentbrist, störningar i leveranskedjor samt en oroande geopolitisk situation, inte minst i och med Rysslands invasion av Ukraina. Därtill kan tilläggas att Sverige dras med olösta och kända problem som till exempel en dysfunktionell arbetsmarknad präglad av kompetensbrist kombinerat med hög arbetslöshet och låg självförsörjningsgrad bland stora delar av befolkningen.I årets rapport görs även nedslag i entreprenörernas relation till miljömässig- och social hållbarhet. Svenska entreprenörer uppvisar på intet sätt det största engagemanget för bland annat miljömässig hållbarhet globalt sett. Men det finns anledning att tro att det åtminstone delvis kan bero på att företagare i Sverige ställer högre krav inom sin verksamhet, speciellt jämfört med företagare i utvecklingsländer.
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| 15. |
- Bäckryd, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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High levels of cerebrospinal fluid chemokines point to the presence of neuroinflammation in peripheral neuropathic pain : a cross-sectional study of 2 cohorts of patients compared with healthy controls
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 158:12, s. 2487-2495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal models suggest that chemokines are important mediators in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Indeed, these substances have been called “gliotransmitters,” a term that illustrates the close interplay between glial cells and neurons in the context of neuroinflammation and pain. However, evidence in humans is scarce. The aim of the study was to determine a comprehensive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory profile of patients with neuropathic pain. Our hypothesis was that we would thereby find indications of a postulated on-going process of central neuroinflammation. Samples of CSF were collected from 2 cohorts of patients with neuropathic pain (n = 11 and n = 16, respectively) and healthy control subjects (n = 11). The samples were analyzed with a multiplex proximity extension assay in which 92 inflammation-related proteins were measured simultaneously (Proseek Multiplex Inflammation I; Olink Bioscience, Uppsala, Sweden). Univariate testing with control of false discovery rate, as well as orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, were used for statistical analyses. Levels of chemokines CXCL6, CXCL10, CCL8, CCL11, CCL23 in CSF, as well as protein LAPTGF-beta-1, were significantly higher in both neuropathic pain cohorts compared with healthy controls, pointing to neuroinflammation in patients. These 6 proteins were also major results in a recent similar study in patients with fibromyalgia. The findings need to be confirmed in larger cohorts, and the question of causality remains to be settled. Because it has been suggested that prevalent comorbidities to chronic pain (eg, depression, anxiety, poor sleep, and tiredness) also are associated with neuroinflammation, it will be important to determine whether neuroinflammation is a common mediator.
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| 16. |
- Dyhrfort, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring of Protein Biomarkers of Inflammation in Human Traumatic Brain Injury Using Microdialysis and Proximity Extension Assay Technology in Neurointensive Care
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurotrauma. - : MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC. - 0897-7151 .- 1557-9042. ; 36:20, s. 2872-2885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is followed by secondary injury mechanisms strongly involving neuroinflammation. To monitor the complex inflammatory cascade in human TBI, we used cerebral microdialysis (MD) and multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA) technology and simultaneously measured levels of 92 protein biomarkers of inflammation in MD samples every three hours for five days in 10 patients with severe TBI under neurointensive care. One mu L MD samples were incubated with paired oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies binding to each protein, allowing quantification by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sixty-nine proteins were suitable for statistical analysis. We found five different patterns with either early (<48 h; e.g., CCL20, IL6, LIF, CCL3), mid (48-96 h; e.g., CCL19, CXCL5, CXCL10, MMP1), late (>96 h; e.g., CD40, MCP2, MCP3), biphasic peaks (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL5, IL8) or stable (e.g., CCL4, DNER, VEGFA)/low trends. High protein levels were observed for e.g., CXCL1, CXCL10, MCP1, MCP2, IL8, while e.g., CCL28 and MCP4 were detected at low levels. Several proteins (CCL8, -19, -20, -23, CXCL1, -5, -6, -9, -11, CST5, DNER, Flt3L, and SIRT2) have not been studied previously in human TBI. Cross-correlation analysis revealed that LIF and CXCL5 may play a central role in the inflammatory cascade. This study provides a unique data set with individual temporal trends for potential inflammatory biomarkers in patients with TBI. We conclude that the combination of MD and PEA is a powerful tool to map the complex inflammatory cascade in the injured human brain. The technique offers new possibilities of protein profiling of complex secondary injury pathways.
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| 17. |
- Enochsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Kvalitetsregister för gallstenskirurgi har förbättrat vården
- 2015
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Registry for cholecystectomy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (GallRiks) is a validated register with high coverage. The registry started on May 1, 2005 and serves as a base for audit on gallstone disease treatment and also provides a database for clinical research. The aim of this study is to present an overview of the clinical consequences and implementations in patient care that GallRiks research may have contributed to during a 10-year period. Results from studies on GallRiks data have reduced the use of antibiotic and thromboembolic prophylaxis as well as showed the importance of intraoperative cholangiography. Furthermore, the studies on GallRiks data have most probably changed the treatment strategies in ERCP. Studies on GallRiks data have changed and improved the management of patients in Sweden who undergo gallstone surgery or ERCP.
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| 18. |
- Enochsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Registry of Gallstone Surgery and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (GallRiks) : A nationwide registry for quality assurance of gallstone surgery.
- 2013
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Ingår i: JAMA Surgery. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6254 .- 2168-6262. ; 148:5, s. 471-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To describe the process of initiating and organizing a nationwide validated web-based quality registry of gallstone surgery and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and to present some clinical data and the impact the registry has had on the clinical treatment of gallstones.DESIGN: Observational, population-based registry study.SETTING: Data from the nationwide Swedish Registry of Gallstone Surgery and ERCP (GallRiks).PATIENTS: From May 1, 2005, to December 31, 2011, 63 685 cholecystectomies (laparoscopic and open) and 37 860 ERCPs have been prospectively registered in GallRiks.INTERVENTIONS: Cholecystectomies, laparoscopic or conventional, as well as ERCP in a population-based setting.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Registrations of all cholecystectomies and ERCPs are performed online by the surgeon or endoscopist. Thirty-day follow-up of both gallstone surgery and ERCP is mandatory, as is an additional 6-month follow-up of the cholecystectomies. Scores on the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey are registered preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively in elective cholecystectomies at selected units.RESULTS: The 30-day overall complication rate is 6.1% in elective cholecystectomy, 11.2% in urgent cholecystectomy, and 12.0% following ERCP. The use of antibiotic and thromboembolic prophylaxis in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Sweden has decreased by 8.7% and 17.8% (2006-2011), respectively, mainly owing to presentation of GallRiks data both at meetings and published in peer-reviewed publications. The large database has also enabled several research projects, including one demonstrating that the intention to perform intraoperative cholangiography reduced the risk of death after cholecystectomy. The database has reached greater than 90% national coverage and is continuously validated.CONCLUSIONS: GallRiks is a validated national quality registry for gallstone surgery and ERCP, serving as a base for audit of gallstone disease treatment. It also provides a database for clinical research.
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| 19. |
- Evenäs, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Ca2+ binding and conformational changes in a calmodulin domain
- 1998
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 37:39, s. 13744-13754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calcium activation of the C-terminal domain of calmodulin was studied using 1H and 15N NMR spectroscopy. The important role played by the conserved bidentate glutmate Ca2+ ligand in the binding loops is emphasized by the striking effects resulting from a mutation of this glutantic acid to a glutamine, i.e. E104Q in loop III and E140Q in loop IV. The study involves determination of Ca2+ binding constants, assignments, and structural characterizations of the apo, (Ca2+)1, and (Ca2+)2 states of the E104Q mutant and comparisons to the wild-type protein and the E140Q mutant [Evenas et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 3448-3457]. NMR titration data show sequential Ca2+ binding in the E104Q mutant. The first Ca2+ binds to loop IV and the second to loop III, which is the order reverse to that observed for the E140Q mutant. In both mutants, the major structural changes occur upon Ca2+ binding to loop IV, which implies a different response to Ca2+ binding in the N- and C-terminal EF-hands. Spectral characteristics show that the (Ca2+)1 and (Ca2+)2 states of the E104Q mutant undergo global exchange on a 10-100 μs time scale between conformations seemingly similar to the closed and open structures of this domain in wild-type calmodulin, paralleling earlier observations for the (Ca2+)2 state of the E140Q mutant, indicating that both glutamic acid residues, E104 and E140, are required for stabilization of the open conformation in the (Ca2+)2 state. To verify that the NOE constraints cannot be fulfilled in a single structure, solution structures of the (Ca2+)2 state of the E104Q mutant are calculated. Within the ensemble of structures the precision is good. However, the clearly dynamic nature of the state, a large number of violated distance restraints, ill-defined secondary structural elements, and comparisons to the structures of calmodulin indicate that the ensemble does not provide a good picture of the (Ca2+)2 state of the E104Q mutant but rather represents the distance- averaged structure of at least two distinct different conformations.
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| 20. |
- Evenäs, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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NMR studies of the E140Q mutant of the carboxy-terminal domain of calmodulin reveal global conformational exchange in the Ca2+-saturated state
- 1997
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 36:12, s. 3448-3457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present investigation, the Ca2+ activation of the C-terminal domain of bovine calmodulin and the effects of replacing the bidentate Ca2+-coordinating glutamic acid residue in the 12th and last position of loop IV with a glutamine are studied by NMR spectroscopy. The mutation E140Q results in sequential Ca2+ binding in this domain and has far-reaching effects on the structure of (Ca2+)2 TR2C, thereby providing further evidence for the critical role of this glutamic acid residue for the Ca2+- induced conformational change of regulatory EF-hand proteins. Analyses of the NOESY spectra of the mutant under Ca2+-saturated conditions, such that 97% of the protein is in the (Ca2+)2 form, revealed two sets of mutually exclusive NOEs. One set of NOEs is found to be consistent with the closed structure observed in the apo state of the C-terminal domain of the wild- type protein, while the other set supports the open structure observed in the Ca2+-saturated state. In addition, several residues in the hydrophobic core exhibit broadened resonances. We conclude that the (Ca2+)2 form of the mutant experiences a global conformational exchange between states similar to the closed and open conformations of the C-terminal domain of wild-type calmodulin. A population of 65 ± 15% of the open conformation and an exchange rate of (1-7) x 104 s-1 were estimated from the NMR data and the chemical shifts of the wild-type protein. From a Ca2- titration of the 15N-labeled mutant, the macroscopic binding constants (log(K1) = 4.9 ± 0.3 and log(K2) = 3.15 ± 0.10] and the inherent chemical shifts of the intermediate (Ca2+)1 form of the mutant were determined using NMR. Valuable information was also provided on the mechanism of the Ca2+ activation and the roles of the structural elements in the two Ca2+- binding events. Comparison with the wild-type protein indicates that the (Ca2+)1 conformation of the mutant is essentially closed but that some rearrangement of the empty loop IV toward the Ca2+-bound form has occurred.
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| 21. |
- Fellström, Bengt, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Albumin Urinary Excretion Is Associated with Increased Levels of Urinary Chemokines, Cytokines, and Growth Factors Levels in Humans
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI. - 2218-273X. ; 11:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to study the associations between urine albumin excretion, and a large number of urinary chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in a normal population. We selected 90 urine samples from individuals without CVD, diabetes, stroke or kidney disease belonging to the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors Study (41 males and 49 females, all aged 75 years). Urinary cytokine levels were analyzed with two multiplex assays (proximity extension assays) and the cytokine levels were correlated with urine albumin. After adjustment for sex, body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), smoking and multiplicity testing, 11 biomarkers remained significantly associated with urine albumin: thrombospondin 2, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, hepatocyte growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), C-X-C motif chemokine 9, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B, osteoprotegerin, growth-regulated alpha protein, C-X-C motif chemokine 6, oncostatin-M (OSM) and fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal, despite large differences in molecular weights. In this study, we found associations between urinary albumin and both small and large urine proteins. Additional studies are warranted to identify cytokine patterns and potential progression markers in various renal diseases.
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| 22. |
- Fellström, Bengt, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations Between Apolipoprotein A1, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Urinary Cytokine Levels in Elderly Males and Females
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1079-9907 .- 1557-7465. ; 40:2, s. 71-74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There exists a close relationship between cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. Apolipoprotein A1 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are widely used as cardiovascular risk markers but they also have anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate any associations between HDL levels and cytokine levels in urine. We randomly selected 90 urine samples from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors Study (41 males and 49 females). The samples were analyzed with 2 multiplex assays, Multiplex Inflammation I and Cardiovascular II kits (Olink Bioscience, Uppsala, Sweden). We analyzed the correlations between 158 cytokines in urine with apolipoprotein A1, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. There were strong correlations for apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol with individual cytokines. After adjustment for multiplicity testing, there were 33 significant correlations between apolipoprotein A1 and cytokine levels and 14 of these were also significantly correlated with HDL cholesterol. The strongest associations were observed for IL-1α, SPON2, RAGE, PAR-1, TRAIL-R2, IL-4RA, TNFRSF11A, and SCF. A total of 28 out of 33 correlations were negative, indicating a negative relationship between apolipoprotein A1 and urinary cytokines. The study shows a negative correlation between apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol and urinary cytokine levels. The finding is in agreement with the anti-inflammatory properties of HDL.
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| 23. |
- Fellström, Bengt, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
-
Strong Associations Between Early Tubular Damage and Urinary Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factor Levels in Elderly Males and Females
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1079-9907 .- 1557-7465. ; 41:8, s. 283-290
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute tubular necrosis is associated with high mortality rates and it is important to develop new biomarkers for tubular damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of early tubular damage on a large number of urinary cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. We selected 90 urine samples from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors Study (41 males and 49 females). The tubular damage markers cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were analyzed in the urine samples and urinary cytokine levels were analyzed with 2 multiplex assays (proximity extension assay). After adjustment for sex, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking, and multiplicity testing using the false discovery rate approach, there remained 26 cytokines that correlated significantly with urine cystatin C, 27 cytokines that correlated with NGAL, and 66 cytokines that correlated with KIM-1. Tubular damage shows a strong association with urinary cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Our findings indicate that multiplex proteomics could be a promising new approach to explore the complex effects of tubular damage.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Gedeborg, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Samverkan lärare-studenter nyckeln till lyckad förändring
- 2007
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 104:38, s. 2689-2692
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vår utgångspunkt är den nya kursen »Individ och samhälle« på den reformerade läkarutbildningens avslutande termin. Som lärare betonar vi vikten av att kompetensmål, arbetsformer och examination hänger samman på ett klart och tydligt sätt, så att de studerande styrs rätt i sitt lärande. Som studerande lyfter vi fram förutsättningarna för en aktiv studerandemedverkan: att involveras medan möjlighet till påverkan ännu finns, att bli väl insatta i de aktuella frågorna och, inte minst, att bli tagna på allvar. Nu återstår att se om de fina planerna håller måttet i den pedagogiska vardagen, också på lite längre sikt.
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| 26. |
- Grönstedt, Tomas, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
First and Second Law Analysis of Future Aircraft Engines
- 2013
-
Ingår i: ASME Turbo Expo, 2013. - 9780791855133 ; 2:GT2013-95516
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optimal baseline turbofan cycle designed for a performance level expected to be available around year 2050 is established. Detailed performance data are given in take-off, top of climb and cruise to support the analysis. Losses are analyzed based on a combined use of the first and second law of thermodynamics, to establish a basis for discussion on future radical engine concepts and to quantify loss levels of very high performance engines. In the light of the performance of the future baseline engine, three radical cycles designed to reduce the observed major loss sources are introduced. The combined use of a first and second law analysis of an open rotor engine, an intercooled recuperated engine and an engine working with a pulse detonation combustion core is presented. In the past, virtually no attention has been paid to the systematic quantification of the irreversibility rates of such radical concepts. Previous research on this topichas concentrated on the analysis of the turbojet and the turbofan engine. In the framework developed, the irreversibility rates are quantified through the calculation of the exergy destruction per unit time. A striking strength of the analysis is that it establishes a common currency for comparing losses originating from very different physical sources of irreversibility. This substantially reduces the complexity of analyzing and comparing losses in aero engines. In particular, the analysis sheds new light on how the intercooled recuperated engine establishes its performance benefits.
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| 27. |
- Grönstedt, Tomas, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
First and Second Law Analysis of Future Aircraft Engines
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. - : ASME International. - 1528-8919 .- 0742-4795. ; 136:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optimal baseline turbofan cycle designed for a performance level expected to be available around year 2050 is established. Detailed performance data are given in take-off, top of climb, and cruise to support the analysis. The losses are analyzed, based on a combined use of the first and second law of thermodynamics, in order to establish a basis for a discussion on future radical engine concepts and to quantify loss levels of very high performance engines. In light of the performance of the future baseline engine, three radical cycles designed to reduce the observed major loss sources are introduced. The combined use of a first and second law analysis of an open rotor engine, an intercooled recuperated engine, and an engine working with a pulse detonation combustion core is presented. In the past, virtually no attention has been paid to the systematic quantification of the irreversibility rates of such radical concepts. Previous research on this topic has concentrated on the analysis of the turbojet and the turbofan engine. In the developed framework, the irreversibility rates are quantified through the calculation of the exergy destruction per unit time. A striking strength of the analysis is that it establishes a common currency for comparing losses originating from very different physical sources of irreversibility. This substantially reduces the complexity of analyzing and comparing losses in aero engines. In particular, the analysis sheds new light on how the intercooled recuperated engine establishes its performance benefits.
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| 28. |
- Hagberg Thulin, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Inhibition of STAT3 prevents bone metastatic progression of prostate cancer in vivo
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 81:8, s. 452-462
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Prostate cancer (PC) metastasizes to the skeleton forming predominantly sclerotic lesions, and there is currently no cure for bone metastatic disease. The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated as a metastatic driver, but its potential as therapeutic target in bone metastasis has not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated for the first time a STAT3 inhibitor, Napabucasin, as a therapeutic option for bone metastatic PC. Methods Effects of STAT3 inhibitors, Stattic and Napabucasin, on metastatic potential in PC cells were studied in vitro by assessment of migration capacity, self-renewal potential, and tumorsphere formation. For evaluation of the role of STAT3 in initial skeletal establishment of PC cells as well as in progressed castration-resistant PC (CRPC) in bone, human VCaP prostate cancer cells were inoculated in the tibia of mice which subsequently were treated with the STAT3 inhibitor Napabucasin. Bone specimens were analyzed using computed tomography (CT), immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The small molecule STAT3 inhibitors Stattic and Napabucasin both effectively impaired metastatic potential of PC cells in vitro. Furthermore, treatment with Napabucasin prevented metastatic establishment in tibial bones in vivo and thereby also the tumor-induced sclerotic bone response seen in vehicle-treated VCaP xenografts. In addition, treatment with Napabucasin of established bone CRPC significantly decreased both tumor burden and tumor-induced trabecular bone volume compared with effects seen in vehicle-treated animals. Anti-mitotic effects were confirmed by decreased Ki67 staining in Napabucasin-treated xenografts compared with vehicle-treated xenografts. Alterations of gene expression in the femoral bone marrow (BM) niche toward the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and the myeloid lineage were demonstrated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and were further reflected by a substantial increase in the number of erythrocytes in BM of Napabucasin-treated mice. Furthermore, a unique pattern of STAT3 phosphorylation in osteoblasts/stromal cells surrounding the areas of tumor cells was demonstrated immunohistochemically in bone xenograft models using several different PC cell lines. Conclusion Inhibition of STAT3 activity disrupts the bone metastatic niche and targets both the skeletal establishment of PC and advanced bone metastatic CRPC in mice, suggesting STAT3 as a candidate for molecular targeted therapies of skeletal metastatic disease.
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| 29. |
- Hidman, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased plasma endostatin and GDF15 in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Upsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Increased microvascular density correlates with more advanced disease and unfavorable overall survival in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), suggesting that angiogenesis is important for disease progression. However, studies of anti-angiogenic agents in NHL patients, have generally not shown favorable outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma levels of a subset of angiogenesis-associated proteins are increased in indolent B-cell derived NHL (B-NHL) and to investigate whether the levels differ between patients with asymptomatic versus symptomatic disease.METHODS: Plasma levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), endostatin, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), long pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and galectin 3 (GAL-3) were measured by ELISA in 35 patients with symptomatic indolent B-NHL, 41 patients with asymptomatic disease, and 62 healthy controls. Bootstrap t-tests were used to assess the relative differences in biomarker levels between groups. Group differences were visualized using a principal component plot.RESULTS: Mean plasma endostatin and GDF15 levels were significantly higher in symptomatic and asymptomatic lymphoma patients than in controls. Symptomatic patients had higher mean MMP9 and NGAL than controls.CONCLUSIONS: The finding of increased plasma endostatin and GDF15 in patients with asymptomatic indolent B-NHL suggests that increased angiogenic activity is an early event in indolent B-NHL disease progression.
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| 30. |
- Hidman, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased Plasma GDF15 Is Associated with Altered Levels of Soluble VEGF Receptors 1 and 2 in Symptomatic Multiple Myeloma.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acta Haematologica. - : S. Karger AG. - 0001-5792 .- 1421-9662. ; 145:3, s. 326-333
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: In multiple myeloma, there is an increase in bone marrow microvascular density and enhanced renal lymphangiogenesis. Increased levels of the proangiogenic protein growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) have previously been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in myeloma. A possible association between GDF15 and the soluble forms of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (sVEGFR) 1 and 2 has not yet been investigated, and a role for these receptors in pathological angiogenesis in myeloma is still to be defined.METHODS: Plasma levels of GDF15 and sVEGFR1 and 2 were determined by ELISA in patients with smouldering multiple myeloma (sMM), patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma (abbreviated as MM), and healthy controls. The levels were compared between the three groups, and correlation coefficients were calculated, as were Kaplan-Meier curves for GDF15 and sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2.RESULTS: Levels of GDF15 were significantly higher in MM than in both patients with sMM and controls. A gradual decrease in mean sVEGFR1 concentration was observed, with MM > sMM > controls. Mean sVEGFR2 was lower in patients with MM than in controls. There was a positive correlation between GDF15 and sVEGFR1, and GDF15 correlated negatively with sVEGFR2. High GDF15 (>3 ng/mL) was associated with poor prognosis.CONCLUSION: In multiple myeloma, increased expression of GDF15 correlates positively with sVEGFR1 and negatively with sVEGFR2. It is possible that the altered levels of sVEGFR1 and 2 contribute to the increased angio- and lymphangiogenesis observed in myeloma.
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| 31. |
- Höglund, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic variation and structure in Scandinavian red deer (Cervus elaphus) : influence of ancestry, past hunting, and restoration management
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4066 .- 1095-8312. ; 109:1, s. 43-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the 19th century, the red deer (Cervus elaphus) population in Sweden experienced a rapid decline in numbers and distribution. A small population was, however, remnant in the southernmost province (Skane) of the country, presumably corresponding to the nominate form of red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphusLinnaeus, 1758). After management, reintroductions, and supplementary release during the 20th century the Swedish C.elaphus population recovered. The recovery was partially uncontrolled, and included introductions of C.elaphus of continental origin. In northern central Sweden (Jamtland) the current C.elaphus population may stem from natural colonization from Norway and/or from specimens of Swedish origin that have escaped from enclosures. To evaluate the status of the current, partially separated populations, we investigated variation at microsatellite markers in 157 C.elaphus specimens from ten locations in Sweden and Norway. Analyses suggest that the highest-likelihood phylogenetic structure among the individuals sampled is described four distinct genetic clusters: (1) animals from the province of Vastergotland in south-western Sweden; (2) deer from the southernmost province of Skane; (3) deer from the provinces Jamtland, Blekinge, and Vastmanland; and (4) Norwegian deer. Cervus elaphus from a captive herd at the Skane Zoo cluster with deer from Skane or deer from Vastergotland, depending on the method of analysis. A number of populations in Sweden may genetically match the nominate form of red deer (C.e.elaphus). The recently established C.elaphus population in Jamtland seems to stem mainly from escapees from enclosures, with a mixed ancestry from the wild remnant population in Skane and continental deer, whereas the influx from Norway is minor, if any. Our results show the need for a detailed assessment of genetic differentiation, and emphasize the value of local management plans when planning and managing introductions.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Jönsson, Anders
(författare)
-
Etiska utmaningar i praktiknära forskning
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Pedagogiskt arbete i de yngre årens pedagogiska praktiker. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. ; :1, s. 63-73
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Larsson, Anders
(författare)
-
Systematics of Woodsia : Ferns, bioinformatics and more
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ferns are one of the three main clades of vascular plants. They have few easily studied morphological characters, reflected in a historically unstable classification. The fern genus Woodsia is known to have a complex evolutionary history including numerous polyploid taxa and hybrids. It is a cosmopolitan group of small rock loving ferns mainly found in montane areas.This thesis aims at analyzing the patterns of diploid and polyploid evolution in Woodsia and to resolve and classify the relationships of Woodsiaceae and the other families in the large fern clade Eupolypods II.The Eupolypods II family relationships were inferred with DNA sequences from 81 specimens representing all major lineages. This resulted in the first well supported phylogeny of this clade and revealed Woodsiaceae to be non-monophyletic. The genera previously placed in this family were reclassified into five new or resurrected families. Swedish fern genera that have changed family classification are Woodsia (hällebräknar), now in the monogeneric family Woodsiaceae, Athyrium (majbräknar), now in Athyriaceeae and Cystopteris (stenbräknar) and Gymnocarpium (ekbräknar) now in Cystopteridaceae.To analyze the evolution of Woodsia, phylogenies were produced from five plastid and two nuclear regions sequenced from 188 specimens. The results show that most taxa in Woodsia are polyploid. Polyploidization is the most common mode of speciation in the genus with an estimated polyploid speciation rate of 54%. The polyploids are mostly young and many of the polyploid taxa seem to have formed multiple times. The results also address several taxonomic and biogeographic questions.In the process of the work we made methodological advancements and developed 20 new low copy nuclear marker regions as well as a software pipeline for finding primers in transcriptome datasets. The alignment editor software AliView was developed for handling the increasing size datasets in a user friendly way.In conclusion this thesis provides new insights into the complexities of the evolution of a fern genus in which much of the diversity is accommodated in young species formed through polyploidization. It provides a framework of phylogenetic relationships at different levels that both answers long standing questions and generates new ones.
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| 36. |
- Larsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
The body mass index (BMI) is significantly correlated with levels of cytokines and chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Cytokine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-4666 .- 1096-0023. ; 76:2, s. 514-518
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytokines and chemokines regulate many functions in the body including the brain. The interactions between adipose tissue and the central nervous system (CNS) are important for the regulation of energy balance. CNS function is also influenced by age. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of body mass index (BMI) and age on cytokine and chemokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid. Cerebrospinal fluid samples (n=89) were collected from patients undergoing routine surgical procedures. The samples were analyzed using the multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA) in which 92 different cytokines are measured simultaneously using minute sample volume. We found no significant correlations between age and cytokine levels for any of the studied markers. In contrast, at a false discovery rate of 10%, 19 markers were significantly associated with BMI (in decreasing significance: FGF-5, ADA, Beta-NGF, CD40, IL-10RB, CCL19, TGF-alpha, SIRT2, TWEAK, SCF, CSF-1, 4E-BP1, DNER, LIF-R, STAMPB, CXCL10, CXCL6, VEGF-A and CX3CL1). This study reveals a clear effect of BMI on cytokine and chemokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid.
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| 37. |
- Larsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of age and gender on plasma levels of 63 cytokines
- 2015
-
Ingår i: JIM - Journal of Immunological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1759 .- 1872-7905. ; 425, s. 58-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytokines play important roles as regulators of cell functions, and over the last decades a number of cytokine assays have been developed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of age and gender on a large number of cytokines. Plasma samples were collected from 33 healthy blood donors. The samples were analyzed using the multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA) allowing simultaneous measurement of 92 cytokines and four technical controls. Biomarkers with less than 80% quantitative results were excluded leaving 63 cytokines that were analyzed for the effects of gender and age. The plasma level of three of the investigated biomarkers (DNER, MCP-4 and MMP-10) were found to be significantly different for the two genders (adjusted p-value <0.05), and 15 of the biomarkers (CCL11, CCL25, CDCP1, CSF-1, CXCL11, CXCL9, FGF-23, Flt3L, HGF, IL-10RB, MCP-3, MCP-4, MMP-10, OPG, VEGF-A) were significantly associated with age. This study reveals the effects of age and gender on a large number of cytokine assays. CXCL5 and TNFB were significantly higher in females, while the other markers with significant gender-dependent differences were higher in males. For the markers that were significantly associated with age, only CXCL6 was found to decrease with age, while the other biomarkers increased with age.
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| 38. |
- Larsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased levels of the cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers GDF15 and myostatin in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Growth Factors. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0897-7194 .- 1029-2292. ; 38:3-4, s. 189-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals suffering from cancer, including hematological malignancies, are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated levels of several biomarkers in blood are associated with an increased risk of CVD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a subset of such CVD risk biomarkers was elevated in patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Blood plasma and serum from 139 CLL patients and 71 healthy age-matched controls were analyzed for 11 proposed CVD risk biomarkers. The CLL cohort displayed a more heterogeneous pattern of biomarker expression compared to controls. The majority, eight out of 11, analyzed CVD risk biomarkers differed significantly in concentrations between CLL patients and controls. Increased levels of the biomarkers GDF15 and myostatin have not previously been reported in CLL. Further prospective studies are warranted to investigate whether these biomarkers predict future cardiovascular events in patients with CLL.
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| 39. |
- Löfstrand, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
-
Feasibility of Electrifying Urban Goods Distribution Trucks
- 2013
-
Ingår i: SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles. - : SAE International. - 1946-391X .- 1946-3928. ; 6:1, s. 24-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the feasibility of electrifying medium to heavy urban goods distribution trucks. As a case study, an existing transport system in the Swedish city of Gothenburg is used. The project is a joint research effort between a vehicle OEM, an electric utility, a fleet operator, the Swedish Transport Administration and two research organizations. One main objective is to determine if and when different electrified powertrains are cost efficient to the end user. The results indicate that by 2015 conventional powertrains are still probably the most cost effective alternative in all applications studied. But in 2025, electrified powertrains are most cost efficient for most transport scenarios. These results indicate a transition in preferred powertrain technology for urban trucks within the coming ten years. It is important to point out that this result may not be general. Driving patterns, energy price developments and technology maturity of components such as batteries and motors greatly influence the total cost of ownership and large regional differences in when such a transition may occur are expected. In addition to the total cost of ownership, important issues for a successful deployment are policies (e.g. restricting access to urban areas for noisy and polluting vehicles), information and communication solutions (e.g. adapted route planning), access to a cost effective charging infrastructure (and low-carbon electricity production) and new business models. These must all be developed in parallel to the vehicle and powertrain technology. The large number of different stakeholders involved in this transition is also a challenge in itself.
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| 40. |
- Löfving, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Initiation of Hoshin Kanri in SMEs using a tentative process
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hoshin Kanri is a management method supporting strategic work. In spite of a number of Hoshin Kanri success stories in large organizations, little research attention are given to SMEs. This research encourages an increased focus on Hoshin Kanri in SMEs. In this paper a tentative process for the initiation of Hoshin Kanri in SMEs is outlined. We also identify factors influencing the initiation of Hoshin Kanri in SMEs based on findings from eight case studies. The result shows that the initiation of Hoshin Kanri varied in the case studies as the factors enable or hinder the initiation of Hoshin Kanri.
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| 41. |
- Löfving, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Introducing the Hoshin Kanri approach in small and medium sized companies
- 2014
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to grow, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have to balance the inherent flexibility of the small firm with formal work division and administrative routines. This balancing is apparent in SME’s approach to strategy work. In order to address this need of balancing in strategy work we in this paper introduce the Hoshin Kanri approach to the SME context. Based on an extensive literature review we identify the principles of Hoshin Kanri and develop an adapted approach to small and medium sized companies. Finally we report on the lessons learnt after initiating the adapted approach in four SMEs.
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| 42. |
- Löfving, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Leadership characteristics and Hoshin Kanri in small and medium sized enterprises
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims at contribute to an understanding of how present leadership characteristics influence the implementation of HK in manufacturing SMEs. The research is based around two case companies where the ideas of HK was implemented in an action research project. The leadership characteristics associated with HK include characteristics such as supporting, coaching, challenging, involving top management and co-workers. The findings show that HK leadership characteristics have similarities with lean leadership and developmental leadership characteristics. The two cases have successfully began to implement HK and the CEO’s in both cases have a present leadership style resembling of developmental leadership.
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| 43. |
- Magnusson, Lisa U., 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Tasquinimod inhibits prostate cancer growth in bone through alterations in the bone microenvironment.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 1097-0045 .- 0270-4137. ; 76:4, s. 383-393
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tasquinimod (ABR-215050) is an orally active quinoline-3-carboxamide analog that inhibits occurrence of experimental metastasis and delays disease progression of castration resistant prostate cancer in humans. Its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, but previous studies show immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the tumor inhibiting effect of tasquinimod in bone of castrated mice as well as to elucidate its working mechanism related to bone microenvironment.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Melander, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the Hoshin Kanri strategic management system in manufacturing SMEs
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Management Decision. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0025-1747 .- 1758-6070. ; 54:10, s. 2507-2523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the basic principles and introduction of the Hoshin Kanri (HK) strategic management system, as related to the management practices in manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approach – This paper reports the findings from the introduction of HK to four manufacturing SMEs by following an assistance support-based research approach where teams of coaches and researchers observed and learned from the introduction phase. The overall design of the project is theory building and learning oriented.Findings – It is suggested that the successful introduction of a strategic management system in manufacturing SMEs has to balance the inherent level of formalization therein, with the individual company’s management practices. Based on HK as the strategic management system, pDCA is proposed as an alternative approach to the introduction, matching differences in management practices.Research limitations/implications – The explorative nature of this research provides room for subsequent studies by elaborating the knowledge on the introduction of strategic management systems in SMEs.Practical implications – Awareness of the existing managerial practices is essential when introducing a new strategic management system in manufacturing SMEs. Such awareness is the starting point of customizing the introduction, so that proper levels of engagement and flexibility can be balanced with increasing systematic formalization, and optimized adequacy.Originality/value – Following an assistance support-based research approach the result of this research project is summarized in the iterative pDCA model emphasizing engagement and flexibility when incrementally introducing strategic management systems in SMEs. This model addresses a hitherto under-researched topic in strategic management.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Nyström, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Golden Eagles on the Swedish mountain tundra - diet and breeding success in relation to prey fluctuations
- 2006
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Ingår i: Ornis Fennica. - 0030-5685. ; 83:4, s. 145-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the diet and the relationship between prey density fluctuations and breeding success of a Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) population on the mountain tundra region of northern Sweden. We used a new PCR based method to analyse the DNA in bone fragments from Golden Eagle prey remains. This allowed us to accurately identify the Ptarmigan species that the bone fragments originated from, and hence, establish the proportions of Ptarmigan species in the eagle's diet. We could conclude that Ptarmigan species (Lagopus spp.) are the most important prey category for this Golden Eagle population (63% of all identified prey), and that Willow Ptarmigan (L. lagopus) occurred more frequently in the diet than Rock Ptarmigan (L. mutus) did (Willow Ptarmigan 38%, Rock Ptarmigan 25%). Other important prey included reindeer (Rang fer tarandus), mountain hare (Lepus timidus) and microtine rodents. The Golden Eagles managed to maintain a relatively broad food niche, despite an environment with low prey diversity. Microtine rodents, hare and Ptarmigan populations showed similar population fluctuations in the study area. The breeding success of the Golden Eagles showed a strong relationship to the yearly density index of the most important prey category, the Ptarmigan species.
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| 48. |
- Persson, Gunnar E., et al.
(författare)
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Surgical treatment of gallstones : changes in a defined population during a 20-year period
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1102-4151 .- 1741-9271. ; 168:1, s. 13-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:To study developments in routine gallstone surgery in a defined population over a 20-year period with regard to incidence of operations, implementation of new methods, postoperative complications, and postoperative duration of hospital stay.Design:Retrospective study of medical records.Setting:County hospital, Sweden.Subjects:All patients who were residents of Jönköping during one of the three-year periods 1976–1978, 1986–1988, or 1996–1998 and had their first surgical treatment, either cholecystectomy/choledochotomy or therapeutic endoscopy for gallstone disease.Results:The overall annual incidence of operations for gallstones decreased from 2.01 to 1.13/1000 inhabitants between the first and second period (p < 0.001). This is explained by a significant reduction in the number of elective operations while the number of urgent operations increased between the first and second periods from 0.39 to 0.53/1000 (p < 0.05) and continued to increase and reached 0.75/1000 during the third period (p < 0.001). New methods were introduced for the treatment of gallstones that gradually made this type of operation more varied and complex in routine practice. The postoperative hospital stay decreased from 7.0 days during the 1970s to 3.9 days during the 1990s. Postoperative morbidity was unchanged.Conclusions:The decreasing rate of gallstone surgery noted between the 1970s and 1980s did not continue through the 1990s. Urgent surgery for gallstone disease has gradually become more common and now predominates over elective surgery in routine practice. The introduction of less traumatic surgical techniques contributed to the significant decrease in hospital stay after gallstone surgery. However, morbidity has not decreased and the diversification of surgical techniques used for treatment of gallstones requires continuous evaluation in routine practice.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Säll, Olof, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and persistence of Neisseria meningitidis carriage in Swedish university students
- 2023
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bacterium Neisseria meningitidis causes life-threatening disease worldwide, typically with a clinical presentation of sepsis or meningitis, but can be carried asymptomatically as part of the normal human oropharyngeal microbiota. The aim of this study was to examine N. meningitidis carriage with regard to prevalence, risk factors for carriage, distribution of meningococcal lineages and persistence of meningococcal carriage. Throat samples and data from a self-reported questionnaire were obtained from 2744 university students (median age: 23 years) at a university in Sweden on four occasions during a 12-month period. Meningococcal isolates were characterised using whole-genome sequencing. The carriage rate among the students was 9.1% (319/3488; 95% CI 8.2-10.1). Factors associated with higher carriage rate were age ≤22 years, previous tonsillectomy, cigarette smoking, drinking alcohol and attending parties, pubs and clubs. Female gender and sharing a household with children aged 0-9 years were associated with lower carriage. The most frequent genogroups were capsule null locus (cnl), group B and group Y and the most commonly identified clonal complexes (cc) were cc198 and cc23. Persistent carriage with the same meningococcal strain for 12 months was observed in two students. Follow-up times exceeding 12 months are recommended for future studies investigating long-term carriage of N. meningitidis.
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