| 1. |
- Alvariza, A., et al.
(författare)
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Increasing preparedness for caregiving and death in family caregivers of patients with severe illness who are cared for at home - study protocol for a web-based intervention
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Palliative Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-684X. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Family caregivers of patients with severe illness and in need for a palliative care approach, face numerous challenges and report having insufficient preparedness for the caregiver role as well as a need for information and psychosocial support. Preparing to care for a severely ill family members also means becoming aware of death. Feelings of being prepared are associated with positive aspects and regarded protective against negative health consequences. Methods The study adheres to the SPIRIT-guidelines (Supplementary 1), uses a pre-post design and include a web-based intervention. Inclusion criteria are; being a family caregiver of a patient with severe illness and in need of a palliative care approach. The intervention which aims to increase preparedness for caregiving and death is grounded in theory, research and clinical experience. The topics cover: medical issues, symptoms and symptom relief; communication within the couple, how to spend the time before death, being a caregiver, planning for the moment of death and; considerations of the future. The intervention is presented through videos and informative texts. The website also holds an online peer-support discussion forum. Study aims are to: evaluate feasibility in terms of framework, content, usage and partners' experiences; explore how the use of the website, influences family caregivers' preparedness for caregiving and death; explore how the use of the website influences family caregivers' knowledge about medical issues, their communication with the patient and their considerations of the future; and to investigate how the family caregivers' preparedness for caregiving and death influences their physical and psychological health and quality of life 1 year after the patient's death. Data will be collected through qualitative interviews and a study-specific questionnaire at four time-points. Discussion This project will provide information about whether support via a website has the potential to increase preparedness for caregiving and death and thereby decrease negative health consequences for family caregivers of patients affected by severe illness. It will provide new knowledge about intervention development, delivery, and evaluation in a palliative care context. Identification of factors before death and their association with family caregivers' preparedness and long-term health may change future clinical work.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bivall Persson, Petter, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Feature Detection over Large Force Ranges Using History Dependent Transfer Functions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Third Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environments and Teleoperator Systems, WorldHaptics 2009. - : IEEE. - 9781424438587 ; , s. 476-481
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a history dependent transfer function (HDTF) as a possible approach to enable improved haptic feature detection in high dynamic range (HDR) volume data. The HDTF is a multi-dimensional transfer function that uses the recent force history as a selection criterion to switch between transfer functions, thereby adapting to the explored force range. The HDTF has been evaluated using artificial test data and in a realistic application example, with the HDTF applied to haptic protein-ligand docking. Biochemistry experts performed docking tests, and expressed that the HDTF delivers the expected feedback across a large force magnitude range, conveying both weak attractive and strong repulsive protein-ligand interaction forces. Feature detection tests have been performed with positive results, indicating that the HDTF improves the ability of feature detection in HDR volume data as compared to a static transfer function covering the same range.
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| 4. |
- Bohlin, Gustav, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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A conceptual characterization of online videos explaining natural selection
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science & Education. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0926-7220 .- 1573-1901. ; 26:7-9, s. 975-999
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational videos on the Internet comprise a vast and highly diverse source of information. Online search engines facilitate access to numerous videos claiming to explain natural selection, but little is known about the degree to which the video content match key evolutionary content identified as important in evolution education research. In this study, we therefore analyzed the content of 60 videos accessed through the Internet, using a criteria catalog with 38 operationalized variables derived from research literature. The variables were sorted into four categories: (a) key concepts (e.g. limited resources and inherited variation), (b) threshold concepts (abstract concepts with a transforming and integrative function), (c) misconceptions (e.g. that evolution is driven by need), and (d) organismal context (e.g. animal or plant). The results indicate that some concepts are frequently communicated, and certain taxa are commonly used to illustrate concepts, while others are seldom included. In addition, evolutionary phenomena at small temporal and spatial scales, such as subcellular processes, are rarely covered. Rather, the focus is on population-level events over time scales spanning years or longer. This is consistent with an observed lack of explanations regarding how randomly occurring mutations provide the basis for variation (and thus natural selection). The findings imply, among other things, that some components of natural selection warrant far more attention in biology teaching and science education research.
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| 5. |
- Bohlin, Gustav, 1981-
(författare)
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Evolving germs – Antibiotic resistance and natural selection in education and public communication
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bacterial resistance to antibiotics threatens modern healthcare on a global scale. Several actors in society, including the general public, must become more involved if this development is to be countered. The conveyance of relevant information provided through education and media reports is therefore of high concern. Antibiotic resistance evolves through the mechanisms of natural selection; in this way, a sound understanding of these mechanisms underlies explanations of causes and the development of effective risk-reduction measures. In addition to natural selection functioning as an explanatory framework to antibiotic resistance, bacterial resistance as a context seems to possess a number of qualities that make it suitable for teaching natural selection – a subject that has been proven notoriously hard to teach and learn. A recently suggested approach for learning natural selection involves so-called threshold concepts, which encompass abstract and integrative ideas. The threshold concepts associated with natural selection include, among others, the notions of randomness as well as vast spatial and temporal scales. Illustrating complex relationships between concepts on different levels of organization is one, of several, areas where visualizations are efficient. Given the often-imperceptible nature of threshold concepts as well as the fact that natural selection processes occur on different organizational levels, visual accounts of natural selection have many potential benefits for learning.Against this background, the present dissertation explores information conveyed to the public regarding antibiotic resistance and natural selection, as well as investigates how these topics are presented together, by scrutinizing media including news reports, websites, educational textbooks and online videos. The principal method employed in the media studies was content analysis, which was complemented with various other analytical procedures. Moreover, a classroom study was performed, in which novice pupils worked with a series of animations explaining the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Data from individual written assignments, group questions and video-recorded discussions were collected and analyzed to empirically explore the potential of antibiotic resistance as a context for learning about evolution through natural selection.Among the findings are that certain information, that is crucial for the public to know, about antibiotic resistance was conveyed to a low extent through wide-reaching news reporting. Moreover, explanations based on natural selection were rarely included in accounts of antibiotic resistance in any of the examined media. Thus, it is highly likely that a large proportion of the population is never exposed to explanations for resistance development during education or through newspapers. Furthermore, the few examples that were encountered in newspapers or textbooks were hardly ever visualized, but presented only in textual form. With regard to videos purporting to explain natural selection, it was found that a majority lacked accounts of central key concepts. Additionally, explanations of how variation originates on the DNA-level were especially scarce. These and other findings coming from the content analyses are discussed through the lens of scientific literacy and could be used to inform and strengthen teaching and scientific curricula with regards to both antibiotic resistance and evolution. Furthermore, several factors of interest for using antibiotic resistance in the teaching of evolution were identified from the classroom study. These involve, among others, how learners’ perception of threshold concepts such as randomness and levels of organization in space and time are affected by the bacterial context
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| 6. |
- Bohlin, Gustav, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Evolving germs – Introducing novice pupils to the evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a dual relationship between antibiotic resistance and biological evolution. Antibiotic resistance is typically used as a motivation for why we need an efficient evolution education given that evolutionary reasoning improves our understanding of causes and suggested countermeasures. On the other hand, antibiotic resistance has also been suggested as a useful context in which evolution can be taught, based primarily but not solely on the quick generation times of bacteria. In the present study, we explore the potential benefits with using antibiotic resistance as an example when introducing evolution to novice pupils (aged 13-14). We created a series of animations that pupils interacted with in groups of 3-5 (total n=32). Data was collected on both individual (pre-posttest) and group (collaborative group questions) level. In addition, the exercise was video-taped and the full transcripts were analyzed inductively. The results show that a majority of the pupils succeeded in applying basic evolutionary reasoning to make predictions on antibiotic resistance during and after the exercise, suggesting that this may be a successful approach. Cautions to be aware of include pupils’ use of teleological and antropomorphic reasoning, especially in discussions on submicroscopical phenomena such as genetic processes. Implications for teaching include both lessons from the design of animations as well as the identification of common misunderstandings. The analysis also identifies and points toward several possible future research endeavours.
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| 7. |
- Bohlin, Gustav, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Insights from introducing natural selection to novices using animations of antibiotic resistance
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0021-9266 .- 2157-6009. ; 52:3, s. 314-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance is typically used to justify education about evolution, as evolutionary reasoning improves our understanding of causes of resistance and possible countermeasures. It has also been promoted as a useful context for teaching natural selection, because its potency as a selection factor, in combination with the very short generation times of bacteria, allows observation of rapid selection. It is also amenable to animations, which have potential for promoting conceptual inferences. Thus, we have explored the potential benefits of introducing antibiotic resistance as a first example of natural selection, in animations, to novice pupils (aged 13–14 years). We created a series of animations that pupils interacted with in groups of 3–5 (total n = 32). Data were collected at individual (pre-/post- test) and group (collaborative group questions) levels. In addition, the exercise was video-recorded and the full transcripts were analysed inductively. The results show that most of the pupils successfully applied basic evolutionary reasoning to predict antibiotic resistance development in tasks during and after the exercise, suggesting that this may be an effective approach. Pedagogical contributions include the identification of certain characteristics of the bacterial context for evolution teaching, including common misunderstandings, and factors to consider when designing animations.
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| 8. |
- Brandhorst, Heide, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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A new oxygen carrier for improved long-term storage of human pancreata before islet isolation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 89:2, s. 155-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Pancreas oxygenation during cold storage has been established in islet isolation and transplantation to prevent ischemic tissue damage using perfluorodecalin (PFD) as hyperoxygen carrier. However, studies in humans and pigs provided conflicting results about the efficiency of PFD for pancreas oxygenation. The aim of this study was to compare PFD with a newly developed oxygen carrier composed of perfluorohexyloctane and polydimethylsiloxane 5 (F6H8S5) for long-term storage of human pancreata.METHODS: After 24-hr storage in preoxygenated PFD or F6H8S5, pancreata were processed using Liberase HI for pancreas dissociation and a Ficoll gradient for islet purification. Islet quality assessment was performed measuring glucose-stimulated insulin release, viability, islet ATP content, and posttransplant function in diabetic nude mice.RESULTS: Compared with PFD, F6H8S5 significantly increased the intrapancreatic partial oxygen pressure and islet ATP content. This corresponded to an increase of islet yield, recovery after culture, glucose stimulation index, viability, and improved graft function in diabetic nude mice.CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate clearly that F6H8S5 improves isolation outcome after prolonged ischemia compared with PFD. This observation seems to be related to the significant lipophilicity and almost pancreas-specific density of F6H8S5. Moreover, these characteristics facilitate pancreas shipment without using custom-made transport vessels as required for PFD.
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| 9. |
- Brandhorst, Heide, et al.
(författare)
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Large-Scale Comparison of Liberase HI and Collagenase NB1 Utilized for Human Islet Isolation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 19:1, s. 3-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For more than a decade Liberase HI was commonly used as the standard enzyme blend for clinical human islet isolation until enforced replacement by collagenase NB1 (NB1). This change resulted initially in a reduction in islet isolation outcome and transplant activities worldwide. This retrospective study was initiated to compare the efficiency of NB1 premium grade with Liberase in 197 human islet isolations. All pancreata were processed between January 2006 and June 2008 utilizing the same procedures for isolation and quality assessment except the administration of preselected lots of either Liberase (n = 101) or NB1 (n = 96). Utilizing Liberase significantly more digested tissue and purified islet yield was produced compared to NB1. In contrast, the use of NB1 was associated with significantly higher purity and glucose stimulation index during dynamic perifusion. The expression of proinflammatory markers was almost identical except tissue factor expression that was higher after utilization of Liberase. No difference was found in the percentage of pancreata fulfilling the criteria for clinical islet transplantation. The results suggest that Liberase is more efficient for pancreas dissociation than collagenase NB1 but seems to be more harmful to exocrine cells and islet tissue.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Brandhorst, Heide, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of tryptic-like activity in purified enzyme blends for efficient islet isolation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 87:3, s. 370-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The isolation of islets from the human pancreas critically depends on an efficient enzyme blend. Previous studies have solely focused on the presence of collagenase and neutral protease/thermolysin. Despite improved characterization of these components, the lot-related variability in efficacy still persists suggesting that additional so far disregarded enzymes are required for efficient islet cleavage. METHODS: Varying activities of a tryptic-like enzyme were identified within collagenase NB1 lots, which were selected according to a matched ratio between tryptic-like and collagenase activity (TLA-ratio). Rat and human pancreata were processed with current standard procedures. RESULTS: Increasing the TLA-ratio from 1.3% to 10% reduced pancreas dissociation time in rats by 50% without affecting islet yield, viability, or posttransplant function in diabetic nude mice. Enhancing the TLA-ratio from 1.3% to 12.6% for human pancreas processing resulted in a significant reduction of recirculation time and increased incrementally human islet yield without affecting purity, in vitro function or recovery after culture. Optimized pancreas digestion correlated with a higher percentage of islet preparations fulfilling quality criteria for clinical transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that TLA is an effective component that should be included in moderate amounts in enzyme blends for human islet isolation to optimize the efficiency and minimize the lot-related variability.
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| 12. |
- Caballero-Corbalán, José, et al.
(författare)
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No beneficial effect of two-layer storage compared with UW-storage on human islet isolation and transplantation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 84:7, s. 864-869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Shipment of pancreata between distant centers is frequently associated with prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT) that leads to poorer outcomes for islet transplantation. Clinical pilot trials have indicated that oxygenation of explanted human pancreata utilizing the two-layer method (TLM) allows the use of marginal donor pancreata for islet transplantation. The present study aimed to clarify whether TLM enhances the ischemic tolerance of human pancreata. Methods. We analyzed retrospectively the outcome of 200 human islet isolations performed after TLM preservation or storage in University of Wisconsin solution (UWS). Results. Donor characteristics and digestion parameters did not vary significantly between TLM-preserved and UWS-stored pancreata. No differences were observed between experimental groups with regard to islet yield, purity, or dynamic glucose stimulation index after either short or prolonged CIT. However, CIT and stimulation index were negatively correlated in each experimental group. The isolation outcome in donors aged ≥60 years was not increased after TLM preservation when compared to UWS storage. No effect was observed regarding islet posttransplant function in recipients with established kidney grafts. Conclusions. The present study suggests that the ischemic tolerance of human pancreata cannot be extended by TLM preservation. In addition, TLM does not seem to improve the isolation outcome for pancreata from elderly donors.
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| 13. |
- Caballero-Corbalán, José, et al.
(författare)
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Using HTK for Prolonged Pancreas Preservation Prior to Human Islet Isolation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Surgical Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8673 .- 0022-4804. ; 175:1, s. 163-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) has been established as an alternative to University-of-Wisconsin solution (UWS) for abdominal organ preservation, but data about HTK efficiency to preserve pancreata during prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT) are conflicting. In human islet transplantation, HTK provided similar isolation outcomes after short CIT. The present study aimed to investigate whether islets can be successfully isolated from HTK-preserved pancreata after prolonged CIT compared with UWS. Materials and Methods. Sixty-four human pancreata retrieved from donors meeting criteria for kidney donation were perfused utilizing either HTK or UWS and preserved for more or less than 10 h prior to islet isolation. Along with parameters related to isolation and islet quality assessment, the dry-to-wet weight ratio was evaluated. Results. Donor-and procurement-related factors did not vary between HTK- and UWS-perfused pancreata. The dry-to-wet weight ratio was lower in HTK-preserved pancreata indicated tissue edema (21.0% +/- 3.5% versus 24.8% +/- 2.0%, P = 0.007). Isolation-related variables differed between experimental groups after prolonged CIT with respect to purified packed tissue volume (9.1 +/- 5.0 versus 17.2 +/- 8.1 mu L/g, P = 0.004) and islet yield (1910 +/- 980 versus 3150 +/- 1420 IE/g, P = 0.012). Islet purity and survival after culture were similar after HTK or UWS perfusion. The preservation solution did not affect in vitro function and transplantability of isolated islets. Conclusions. Compared with UWS, HTK has similar efficiency to preserve human pancreata for subsequent islet isolation during <10 h CIT but seems to be limited for prolonged cold storage. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Cabric, Sanja, et al.
(författare)
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Islet Surface Heparinization Prevents the Instant-Blood Mediated Inflammatory Reaction in Islet Transplantation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 56:8, s. 2008-2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE—In clinical islet transplantation, the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) is a major factor contributing to the poor initial engraftment of the islets. This reaction is triggered by tissue factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, expressed by the transplanted pancreatic islets when the islets come in contact with blood in the portal vein. All currently identified systemic inhibitors of the IBMIR are associated with a significantly increased risk of bleeding or other side effects. To avoid systemic treatment, the aim of the present study was to render the islet graft blood biocompatible by applying a continuous heparin coating to the islet surface.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A biotin/avidin technique was used to conjugate preformed heparin complexes to the surface of pancreatic islets. This endothelial-like coating was achieved by conjugating barely 40 IU heparin per full-size clinical islet transplant.RESULTS—Both in an in vitro loop model and in an allogeneic porcine model of clinical islet transplantation, this heparin coating provided protection against the IBMIR. Culturing heparinized islets for 24 h did not affect insulin release after glucose challenge, and heparin-coated islets cured diabetic mice in a manner similar to untreated islets.CONCLUSIONS—This novel pretreatment procedure prevents intraportal thrombosis and efficiently inhibits the IBMIR without increasing the bleeding risk and, unlike other pretreatment procedures (e.g., gene therapy), without inducing acute or chronic toxicity in the islets.
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| 16. |
- Carlson, R. F., et al.
(författare)
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A method for measuring light ion reaction cross-sections
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 547:2-3, s. 541-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental procedure for measuring reaction cross-sections of light ions in the energy range 20 50 MeV/nucleon, using a modified attenuation technique, is described. The detection method incorporates a forward detector that simultaneously measures the reaction cross-sections for five different sizes of the solid angle in steps from 99.1% to 99.8% of the total solid angle. The final reaction cross-section values are obtained by extrapolation to the full solid angle.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Positron emission tomography in clinical islet transplantation
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1600-6135 .- 1600-6143. ; 9:12, s. 2816-2824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fate of islets in clinical transplantation is unclear. To elude on this positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed for 60 min during islet transplantation in five patients receiving six transplants. A fraction of the islets (23%) were labeled with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG) and carefully mixed with unlabeled islets just prior to intraportal transplantation. The peak radioactivity concentration in the liver was found at 19 min after start of islet infusion and corresponded to only 75% of what was expected, indicating that islets are lost during the transplantation procedure. No accumulation of radioactivity was found in the lungs. A nonphysiological peak of C-peptide was found in plasma during and immediately after transplantation in all subjects. Distribution in the liver was heterogeneous with wide variations in location and concentration. Islets found in areas with concentrations of >400 IEQ/cc liver tissue varied between 1% and 32% of the graft in different subjects. No side effects attributed to the PET/CT procedure were found. Clinical outcome in all patients was comparable to that previously observed indicating that the [(18)F]FDG labeling procedure did not harm the islets. The technique has potential to be used to assess approaches to enhance islet survival and engraftment in clinical transplantation.
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| 18. |
- Friberg, Andrew S, et al.
(författare)
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Transplantable functional islet mass – predictive biomarkers of graft function in islet after kidney transplanted patients
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ability to predict clinical function of a specific islet batch released for clinical transplantation using standardized variables remains an elusive goal. Analysis of donor, islet isolation, quality control and recipient variables was undertaken in 110 islet after kidney (IAK) transplants and correlated to the pre- to 28-day posttransplant change in C-peptide to glucose and creatinine ratio (ΔCP/GCr). Using backward multiple regression the variables positively associated to ΔCP/GCr were islet volume transplanted (p<0.001) and glucose stimulated insulin secretion (SI) (p=0.009). Factors negatively associated to ΔCP/GCr were cold ischemia time (CIT) (p=0.002) and total tissue volume (p=0.009). Donor age, donor body mass index, number of retrieved organs from the donor, preservation solution, islet insulin content, body weight of the recipient of the islets had no influence on transplant function. The transplantable functional islet mass (TFIM), accounting for islet volume transplanted, SI, CIT, and total tissue volume explained 39% of the variance of the clinical outcome in the IAK data set. Therefore, the TFIM provides a straightforward and potent tool to guide the decision to utilize a specific islet preparation for clinical transplantation.
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| 19. |
- Friberg, Andrew S., et al.
(författare)
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Transplanted functional islet mass : donor islet preparation, and recipitent factors influence early graft function in islet-after-kidney patients
- 2012
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 93:6, s. 632-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background.The ability to predict clinical function of a specific islet batch released for clinical transplantation using standardized variables remains an elusive goal.Methods. Analysis of 10 donor, 7 islet isolation, 3 quality control, and 6 recipient variables was undertaken in 110 islet-after-kidney transplants and correlated to the pre- to 28-day posttransplant change in C-peptide to glucose and creatinine ratio ([DELTA]CP/GCr).Results.Univariate analysis yielded islet volume transplanted (Spearman r=0.360, P<0.001) and increment of insulin secretion (r=0.377, P<0.001) as variables positively associated to [DELTA]CP/GCr. A negative association to [DELTA]CP/GCr was cold ischemia time (r=-0.330, P<0.001). A linear, backward-selection multiple regression was used to obtain a model for the transplanted functional islet mass (TFIM). The TFIM model, composed of islet volume transplanted, increment of insulin secretion, cold ischemia time, and exocrine tissue volume transplanted, accounted for 43% of the variance of the clinical outcome in the islet-after-kidney data set.Conclusion.The TFIM provides a straightforward and potent tool to guide the decision to use a specific islet preparation for clinical transplantation.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Häger Tibell, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Preparedness for caregiving and preparedness for death : Associations and modifiable thereafter factors among family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer in specialized home care
- 2024
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Ingår i: Death Studies. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0748-1187 .- 1091-7683. ; 48:4, s. 407-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to (1) explore associations between preparedness for caregiving and preparedness for death among family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer and (2) explore modifiable preparedness factors, such as communication and support. Data was derived from a baseline questionnaire collected in specialized home care. The questionnaire included socio-demographics, the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, and single items addressing preparedness for death, received support and communication about incurable illness. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlations. Altogether 39 family caregivers participated. A significant association was found between preparedness for caregiving and preparedness for death. Received support and communication about the illness was associated with higher levels of preparedness for caregiving and death. This study contributes to evidence on the association between preparedness for caregiving and death, but also that communication and support employed by healthcare professionals could improve family caregiver preparedness and wellbeing.
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| 22. |
- Häger Tibell, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Web-based support for spouses of patients with life-threatening illness cared for in specialized home care : A feasibility study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Palliative & Supportive Care. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1478-9515 .- 1478-9523.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Psychoeducational interventions for family caregivers have shown to be effective but not possible for all caregivers to attend; thus, web-based interventions may be a complement. This study aimed to evaluate feasibility of a web-based intervention, "narstaende.se," from the perspective of spouses of patients receiving specialized home care.METHODS: A website was developed, containing videos with conversations between health-care professionals and family caregivers (actors), informative texts, links to further information, and a chat forum. The aim of the website is to provide support and promote preparedness for caregiving and death, and the content is theoretically and empirically grounded. The study had a descriptive cross-sectional design. Altogether, 26 spouses answered a questionnaire, before accessing the website, and 4 weeks after this, 12 spouses were interviewed. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used.RESULTS: Spouses experienced the website as being easy to use, welcoming, and with relevant content. Participating spouses would recommend "narstaende.se" to others in similar situations, and the majority found the website introduced timely. Videos seemed easily accessible and were most used, contributing to a feeling of recognition and sharing the situation. The online format was perceived as flexible, but still not all spouses visited the website, stating the desire for support in real life.SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: A web-based intervention can be feasible for spouses in specialized home care; however, the digital format is not suitable for everyone. Further research is needed to determine the website's potential to provide support and increase preparedness for family caregivers in general.
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| 23. |
- Höst, Gunnar E., 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Methods for investigating students’ learning and interaction with a haptic virtual biomolecular model
- 2010
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Ingår i: Contemporary Science Education Research: International Perspectives. - Ankara : Pegem Akademi. - 9786053640318 ; , s. 115-121
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although immersive haptic virtual technologies are emerging rapidly in modern education, few methods exist for delivering data on the pedagogical merits of such models in the molecular life sciences. This paper reports on a selection of methods that we have used to obtain and analyse data on students’ learning and interaction with a haptic virtual model of protein-ligand docking, previously designed by author PBP. The methods have been developed and employed during four consecutive years in which the model has been part of an advanced biomolecular interactions course. In this regard, we present data-collection methods that include written items, interviews, think-aloud tasks and automated time-stamped logs and, corresponding quantitative and qualitative analytical procedures such as pre/posttest statistical comparisons, word usage analysis and, visualised profiling of students’ interaction with the model. Our results suggest that these methods are useful for generating valuable information on students’ learning gain, changes in conceptual understanding, reasoning processes and patterns of interactivity with the model. Dissemination of such methods could provide an empirical contribution to the dearth of research instruments in this domain. Future research will develop these methodologies to explore the relationship between using the model and students’ conceptual and embodied learning.
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| 24. |
- Höst, Gunnar E., 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Student Learning about Biomolecular Self-Assembly Using Two Different External Representations
- 2013
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Ingår i: CBE - Life Sciences Education. - Bethesda, USA : American Society for Cell Biology. - 1931-7913. ; 12:3, s. 471-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-assembly is the fundamental but counterintuitive principle that explains how ordered biomolecular complexes form spontaneously in the cell. This study investigated the impact of using two external representations of virus self-assembly, an interactive tangible three-dimensional model and a static two-dimensional image, on student learning about the process of self-assembly in a group exercise. A conceptual analysis of self-assembly into a set of facets was performed to support study design and analysis. Written responses were collected in a pretest/posttest experimental design with 32 Swedish university students. A quantitative analysis of close-ended items indicated that the students improved their scores between pretest and posttest, with no significant difference between the conditions (tangible model/image). A qualitative analysis of an open-ended item indicated students were unfamiliar with self-assembly prior to the study. Students in the tangible model condition used the facets of self-assembly in their open-ended posttest responses more frequently than students in the image condition. In particular, it appears that the dynamic properties of the tangible model may support student understanding of self-assembly in terms of the random and reversible nature of molecular interactions. A tentative difference was observed in response complexity, with more multifaceted responses in the tangible model condition.
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| 25. |
- Höst, Gunnar, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Visual images of the biological microcosmos : Viewers’ perception of realism, preference, and desire to explore
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Education. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2504-284X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visual images are crucial for communicating science in educational contexts and amongst practitioners. Reading images contributes to meaning-making in society at large, and images are fundamental communicative tools in public spaces such as science centers. Here, visitors are exposed to a range of static, dynamic, and digital visual representations accessible through various multimodal and interactive possibilities. Images conveying scientific phenomena differ to what extent they represent real objects, and include photographs, schematic illustrations, and measurement-based models. Depicting realism in biological objects, structures and processes through images differs with respect to, inter alia, shading, color, and surface texture. Although research has shown that aspects of these properties can both potentially benefit and impair interpretation, little is known about their impact on viewers’ visual preference and inclination for further exploration. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate what effect visual properties have on visitors’ perception of biological images integrated in an interactive science center exhibit. Visitors responded to a questionnaire designed to assess the impact of three indicators of realism (shading, color, and surface texture) and biological content (e.g., cells and viruses) on participants’ preferences, perceptions of whether biological images depicted real objects, and their desire to further explore images. Inspired by discrete choice experiments, image pairs were systematically varied to allow participants to make direct choices between images with different properties. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the three indicators of realism were all significant predictors of participants’ assessments that images depict real objects. Shadows emerged as a significant predictor of preference for further exploration together with the presence of cells in the image. Correlation analysis indicated that images that were more often selected as depicting real objects were also more often selected for further exploration. We interpret the results in terms of construal level theory in that a biological image perceived as a realistic portrayal would induce a desire for further exploration. The findings have implications for considering the role of realism and preference in the design of images for communicating science in public spaces.
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| 26. |
- Höst, Gunnar, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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What Biological Visualizations Do Science Center Visitors Prefer in an Interactive Touch Table?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Education Sciences. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 2227-7102. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hands-on digital interactivity in science centers provides new communicative opportunities. The Microcosmos multi-touch table allows visitors to interact with 64 image “cards” of (sub)microscopic biological structures and processes embedded across seven theme categories. This study presents the integration of biological content, interactive features and logging capabilities into the table, and analyses visitors’ usage and preferences. Data logging recorded 2,070,350 events including activated category, selected card, and various finger-based gestures. Visitors interacted with all cards during 858 sessions (96 s on average). Finger movements covered an average accumulated distance of 4.6 m per session, and about 56% of card interactions involved two fingers. Visitors made 5.53 category switches per session on average, and the virus category was most activated (average 0.96 per session). An overall ranking score related to card attractive power and holding power revealed that six of the most highly used cards depicted viruses and four were colourful instrument output images. The large finger traversal distance and proportion of two-finger card interaction may indicate the intuitiveness of the gestures. Observed trends in visitor engagement with the biological visualizations are considered in terms of construal level theory. Future work will examine how interactions are related to potential learning of biological content.
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| 27. |
- Johansson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue factor produced by the endocrine cells of the islets of Langerhans is associated with a negative outcome of clinical islet transplantation
- 2005
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 54:6, s. 1755-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are strong indications that only a small fraction of grafts successfully engraft in clinical islet transplantation. One explanation may be the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) elicited by tissue factor, which is produced by the endocrine cells. In the present study, we show that islets intended for islet transplantation produce tissue factor in both the transmembrane and the alternatively spliced form and that the membrane-bound form is released as microparticles often associated with both insulin and glucagon granules. A low-molecular mass factor VIIa (FVIIa) inhibitor that indirectly blocks both forms of tissue factor was shown in vitro to be a promising drug to eliminate the IBMIR. Thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and FVIIa-antithrombin complex (FVIIa-AT) were measured in nine patients who together received 20 infusions of isolated human islets. Both the TAT and FVIIa-AT complexes increased rapidly within 15-60 min after infusion. When the initial TAT and FVIIa-AT levels were plotted against the increase in C-peptide concentration after 7 days, patients with an initially strong IBMIR showed no significant increase in insulin synthesis after 7 days. In conclusion, tissue factor present in both the islets and the culture medium and elicits IBMIR, which affects the function of the transplanted islets.
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| 28. |
- Korsgren, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Optimising islet engraftment is critical for successful clinical islet transplantation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 51:2, s. 227-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical islet transplantation is currently being explored as a treatment for persons with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycaemia unawareness. Although 'proof-of-principle' has been established in recent clinical studies, the procedure suffers from low efficacy. At the time of transplantation, the isolated islets are allowed to embolise the liver after injection in the portal vein, a procedure that is unique in the area of transplantation. A novel view on the engraftment of intraportally transplanted islets is presented that could explain the low efficacy of the procedure.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Larsson, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Using a teaching-learning sequence (TLS), based on a physical model, to develop students' understanding of self-assembly
- 2011
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Ingår i: Authenticity in Biology Education. - Braga, Portugal : CIEC, Universidade do Minho. - 9789728952198 ; , s. 67-77
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-assembly is a biological process in which free subunits combine to form molecular complexes. Despite being considered one of the ‘big ideas’ in molecular life sciences, only limited education research has been performed on this topic. The objectives of this study were to investigate students’ learning of self-assembly in an authentic learning environment: a teaching-learning sequence (TLS). Twenty third-year biochemistry students in South Africa participated in the study. The TLS included a tutorial exercise with a physical model of a poliovirus capsid. A mixed-methods approach was employed to collect qualitative and quantitative data from interviews and written pre- and post-tests. A significant improvement in test scores was found, and it was observed that the TLS could support students’ understanding of self-assembly. Some conceptual and visualization difficulties were also identified. Using the model in a TLS was associated with positive attitudes and engagement among the participants.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Ringbom, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The Pb-208(n,p)Tl-208 reaction at E-n=97 MeV
- 1997
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 617:3, s. 316-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Double-differential cross sections of the Pb-208(n,p) reaction have been measured at 97 MeV in the angular range 0 degrees-30 degrees for excitation energies up to 40 MeV. The experimental proton spectra have been compared with calculated spectra obtained
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Stenlund, Jörgen, 1959-
(författare)
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Visualizing the abyss of time : Students’ interpretation of visualized deep evolutionary time
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The immense time scales involved in Deep evolutionary time (DET) is a threshold concept in biology and interpreting temporal aspects of DET is demanding. DET is communicated through various visualizations that include static two-dimensional representations, low interactivity animations, as well as high interactivity interfaces. Given the importance of DET as fundamental scientific knowledge of potential societal application, there is a need for educational research on students’ interpretation of visually communicated DET. This thesis explores students’ interpretation of different forms of visualized DET along a continuum of interactivity. The research aim is four-fold, and probes how students interpret DET visualizations in terms of temporal aspects, communicated evolutionary concepts, degree of visualization interactivity, and generated affective responses.The work comprises four studies, which as a collective, adopt exploratory and multi-method designs. A total of 505 students participated. Data were collected from questionnaires, task-based questions, and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was qualitative and quantitative, and incorporated deductive and inductive approaches. In analysing students' interpretation of static two-dimensional DET visualizations, an instrument for measuring knowledge about the visual representation of deep evolutionary time (DET-Vis) was developed. Emergence of a unidimensional construct during validation represents knowledge about the visual communication of DET. Inspection of item performance suggests that interpreting visualized DET requires both procedural and declarative knowledge. Analysis of students’ interpretation of a low interactivity DET animation, communicating hominin evolution revealed five temporal aspects influencing interpretation: events at specific times, relative order, concurrent events, time intervals, and time interval durations. A further shift across the continuum involved analysing students’ interpretation of a high-interactivity DET visualization of a three-dimensional phylogenetic tree. Finger-based zooming was associated with movement within the tree itself, or as movement in time, respectively, and related to identified misinterpretations. Further analysis showed that interpreting DeepTree evoked the epistemic affective responses of awe, curiosity, surprise, and confusion. Affective responses were expressed in relation to five evolutionary conceptual themes, namely biological relationships, evolutionary time, biological diversity, common descent, and biological structure or terminology. The thesis findings have implications for teaching, visualization design and future research. Exposing students to various DET visualizations across the continuum could support DET teaching. Visual communication of temporal aspects should be carefully considered in DET visualization design. Future work on relationships between affect, highly interactive visualizations, and evolution concepts will provide further insight for leveraging learning and teaching of DET.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Tibell, Gunnar
(författare)
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Om verkligheten
- 2005
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Ingår i: Från forskningens fält. - : Föreningen för filosofi och specialvetenskap, Uppsala. - 9163165686 ; , s. 277-
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Tibell, Lena A.E. 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Haptic Influences on Reasoning and Learning in Protein Education
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Research Symposium on Science Education. - : Science Education Research Group, School of Education, University of Iceland. - 9789979985174 ; , s. 165-168
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An emerging viewpoint of cognition suggests that the body has a central role in shaping the mind and that cognitive processes are deeply rooted in the body´s interaction with the world that, “embodied cognition or learning”. If so, the documented difficulties for learners to grasp and to engage in molecular sciences might, at least in part, explained by the lack of direct experience of the micro world. The term haptics encompasses the tactual sensation and the human interaction with the external environment through touch. When integrated as part of a computer-based virtual environment, haptics refers to the artificial tactual sensation used to simulate the experience of actually touching or feeling a real object that occur in response to user movements. The present work aims to evaluate the gains of a haptic element from a learning perspective, when haptics is added to an educational virtual reality environment for students learning the concepts of molecular interactions in proteins. A combined qualitative and quantitative approach is taken, using data from tests and interviews (with a subset of the subjects). The study is an attempt to fill some of the gaps in the research about possible benefits from using force feedback technology, focusing specifically on the learning gains from a study of a virtual protein model. The computer model did not help the students to solve their tasks faster, but it appears to help them to gain a deeper understanding of the docking process, partly by challenging their preconceptions. Further, we propose that the force feedback might constitute a critical feature for understanding the involvement of the dynamics and forces involved in the process.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Tibell, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Att se det osynliga : Visualiseringar som meningsskapande verktyg för kommunikation av molekylär livsvetenskap
- 2014
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Ingår i: Resultatdialog 2014. - Stockholm : Vetenskapsrådet. - 9789173072472 ; , s. 202-209
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Målet med projektet var att studera visuella representationers roll som verktyg för kommunikation och lärande inom molekylär livsvetenskap utifråntre övergripande frågeställningar:Vilka kritiska egenskaper hos visualiseringar är avgörande för hur de tolkas?Hur påverkas lärandeprocessen av olika visuella representationer?Hur påverkas lärandeprocessen av hur den visuella representationen används?Projektet har inbegripit såväl metodologisk utveckling som forskningsresultat som kan stödja konstruktionen och användandet av visualiseringar i kommunikativ praktik.
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| 45. |
- Wallensteen, Peter, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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El Código de Ética para Científicos de la Universidad de Uppsala”
- 2010
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Ingår i: Estudios y documentos en política científica de América Latina y el Caribe, Volumen II. - Montevideo : Oficina Regional de Ciencia para América Latina y el Caribe de UNESCO.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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