| 1. |
- Timpka, Toomas, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Web 2.0 systems supporting childhood chronic disease management : A pattern language representation of a general architecture
- 2008
-
Ingår i: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6947. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Chronic disease management is a global health concern. By the time they reach adolescence, 10-15% of all children live with a chronic disease. The role of educational interventions in facilitating adaptation to chronic disease is receiving growing recognition, and current care policies advocate greater involvement of patients in self-care. Web 2.0 is an umbrella term for new collaborative Internet services characterized by user participation in developing and managing content. Key elements include Really Simple Syndication (RSS) to rapidly disseminate awareness of new information, weblogs (blogs) to describe new trends, wikis to share knowledge, and podcasts to make information available on personal media players. This study addresses the potential to develop Web 2.0 services for young persons with a chronic disease. It is acknowledged that the management of childhood chronic disease is based on interplay between initiatives and resources on the part of patients, relatives, and health care professionals, and where the balance shifts over time to the patients and their families. Methods. Participatory action research was used to stepwise define a design specification in the form of a pattern language. Support for children diagnosed with diabetes Type 1 was used as the example area. Each individual design pattern was determined graphically using card sorting methods, and textually in the form Title, Context, Problem, Solution, Examples and References. Application references were included at the lowest level in the graphical overview in the pattern language but not specified in detail in the textual descriptions. Results. The design patterns are divided into functional and non-functional design elements, and formulated at the levels of organizational, system, and application design. The design elements specify access to materials for development of the competences needed for chronic disease management in specific community settings, endorsement of self-learning through online peer-to-peer communication, and systematic accreditation and evaluation of materials and processes. Conclusion. The use of design patterns allows representing the core design elements of a Web 2.0 system upon which an 'ecological' development of content respecting these constraints can be built. Future research should include evaluations of Web 2.0 systems implemented according to the architecture in practice settings.
|
|
| 2. |
- Graspemo, Gabriella, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Design of interactive health drama built on social realism.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: MedInfo. - : IOS Publishing. - 1586034448 ; , s. 879-883
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are many psychosocial aspects of chronic diseases, such as diabetes. Educational multimedia can support patients with chronic diseases and their families by communicating narratives based on social realism. The production of such socio-realistic interactive health dramas requires systematic methods, especially for the identification of significant stories. The aim of this study is to explore the use of self-documentary video in the design of an Interactive Health Drama environment to support diabetic adolescents and their families. In particular, the potential of the self-documentary video for story development in combination with qualitative interviews were explored. The proposed approach, when further developed, is intended to enable all types of chronic disease patients to work with their specific psychosocial problems in a supportive and stimulating environment adapted to their personality and preferences.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Hassling, Linda, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Use of cultural probes for representation of chronic disease experience : Exploration of an innovative method for design of supportive technologies
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Technology and Health Care. - 0928-7329. ; 13:2, s. 87-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic diseases do not only manifest themselves as sets of pathophysiological factors. They bring about an equally important psychosocial impact. Unfortunately, it is difficult to account for this impact in the development of supportive technologies. This study describes and explores a method for elicitation of requirements on technologies supporting self-management including emotional aspects. The method takes advantage of a self-documentary media kit for collection of data from the everyday context of chronic disease. The resulting contextual data can contribute new insights to multi-disciplinary teams in the design of supporting technologies.
|
|
| 5. |
- Timpka, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduced workforce participation 5 years prior to first Parkinson’s disease sick-leave
- 2018
-
Ingår i: npj Parkinson's Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2373-8057. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of understanding the prodromal phase of Parkinson’s disease (PD) by systematic recording of prediagnostic symptoms and reductions in body functions has been highlighted. The aim of this study was to investigate whether persons later diagnosed with PD exhibit increased physician-certified sickness absence 1, 2, and 5 years prior to a first sick-leave episode attributed to PD. A case-control study was performed to analyze data from all nontrivial (exceeding 14 days) sick-leave episodes in Sweden between 2008 and 2014. The 537 incident PD sick-leave episodes were identified as PD sick-leave cases and compared to 537 sick-leave controls identified by matching age, sex, and date of the first day of the sick-leave episode. The total sickness absence and sickness absence due to musculoskeletal diagnoses were found to be increased among the PD sick-leave cases from 5 years prior to the first sick-leave episode ascribed to PD when compared to the controls. No differences between PD sick-leave cases and sick-leave controls were found with regard to mental and behavioral diagnoses. We conclude that the capacity to participate in working life is reduced already at the early prediagnostic stages of PD. This finding can be used as a basis for further research into the process of identifying individuals at risk for developing PD, particularly in combination with further investigation into biochemical, genetic, and imaging biomarkers.
|
|
| 6. |
- Timpka, Toomas, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards integration of computer games in interactive health education environments : understanding gameplay challenge, narrative and spectacle.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: MedInfo. - : IOS Publishing. - 1586034448 ; , s. 941-945
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: There is an alarming progress in the health status of the young in western countries, and new methods and tools for behavioural health interventions are urgently called for. OBJECTIVE: To explore how computer game designs can be integrated in the development of Interactive Health Education Environments. DESIGN: Qualitative analyses of adolescents' experiences of playing an action-adventure computer game, using data from in-depth interviews. RESULTS: A model is presented, where the gameplaying experience is connected to four components of computer games. Playing computer games was found to mainly be motivated by the challenges and competition represented in the gameplay scripts. CONCLUSIONS: Interactive health education environments can be improved by implementing challenging gameplay scripts, spectacular technical features and narratives.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ahorsu, Daniel Kwasi, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations Between Fear of COVID-19, Mental Health, and Preventive Behaviours Across Pregnant Women and Husbands : An Actor-Partner Interdependence Modelling
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. - : Springer. - 1557-1874 .- 1557-1882. ; 20, s. 68-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present cross-sectional study examined the actor-partner interdependence effect of fear of COVID-19 among Iranian pregnant women and their husbands and its association with their mental health and preventive behaviours during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A total of 290 pregnant women and their husbands (N = 580) were randomly selected from a list of pregnant women in the Iranian Integrated Health System and were invited to respond to psychometric scales assessing fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. The findings demonstrated significant dyadic relationships between husbands and their pregnant wives' fear of COVID-19, mental health, and preventive behaviours. Pregnant wives' actor effect of fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours but not anxiety. Moreover, a husband actor effect of fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Additionally, there were significant partner effects observed for both the pregnant wives and their husbands concerning all outcomes. The present study used a cross-sectional design and so is unable to determine the mechanism or causal ordering of the effects. Also, the data are mainly based on self-reported measures which have some limitations due to its potential for social desirability and recall biases. Based on the findings, couples may benefit from psychoeducation that focuses on the effect of mental health problems on pregnant women and the foetus.
|
|
| 8. |
- Alonso, Juan-Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Preparticipation injury complaint is a risk factor for injury : a prospective study of the Moscow 2013 IAAF Championships.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 49:17, s. 1118-U45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To determine the health status of athletes before the start of an international athletics championship and to determine whether preparticipation risk factors predicted in-championship injuries.METHODS: At the beginning of the 2013 International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Championships, all registered athletes (n=1784) were invited to complete a preparticipation health questionnaire (PHQ) on health status during the month preceding the championships. New injuries that occurred at the championships were prospectively recorded.RESULTS: The PHQ was completed by 698 (39%) athletes; 204 (29.2%) reported an injury complaint during the month before the championships. The most common mode of onset of preparticipation injury complaints was gradual (43.6%). Forty-nine athletes in the study reported at least one injury during the championships. Athletes who reported a preparticipation injury complaint were at twofold increased risk for an in-championship injury (OR=2.09; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.77); p=0.014). Those who reported a preparticipation gradual-onset injury complaint were at an almost fourfold increased risk for an in-championship time-loss injury (OR=3.92; 95% CI 1.69 to 9.08); p=0.001). Importantly, the preparticipation injury complaint severity score was associated with the risk of sustaining an in-championship injury (OR=1.14; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.22); p=0.001).SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: About one-third of the athletes participating in the study reported an injury complaint during the month before the championships, which represented a risk factor for sustaining an injury during the championship. This study emphasises the importance of the PHQ as a screening tool to identify athletes at risk of injuries before international championships.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Bahr, Roald, et al.
(författare)
-
International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))
- 2020
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 54:7, s. 372-389
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport-specific or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illness) epidemiology to date. Our objective was to further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019. This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems; severity of health problems; capturing and reporting athlete exposure; expressing risk; burden of health problems; study population characteristics and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE Extension-the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS). The IOC encourages ongoing in- and out-of-competition surveillance programmes and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. Implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.
|
|
| 11. |
- Bargoria, Victor, et al.
(författare)
-
Running for your life : A qualitative study of champion long-distance runners strategies to sustain excellence in performance and health
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. - : Elsevier. - 1440-2440 .- 1878-1861. ; 23:8, s. 715-720
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo investigate champion long-distance runners’ strategies for managing injury and illness symptoms and staying well.DesignQualitative research study.MethodsTwelve long-distance runners were interviewed immediately after having competed in World Championships finals. Thematic analysis was used to categorise and structure the data. The results were presented as primary themes and overarching constructs representing connections between the primary themes.ResultsThe champion runners’ basic tactic to manage symptoms of ill health was characterized by rapid adjustment of sports load and a strong incentive to learn from experience and professional advice. This tactic was named here educated flexibility. A secondary exigency tactic was associated with reaching short-term goals and a consequential acceptance of health hazards. The runners used economic and other environmental strain to explain use of the exigency tactic. Most champion runners’ long-term strategy to stay well included both tactics successfully combined to maintain a performance level assuring a regular income. Avoidance of letting environmental strain and health problems create vicious circles was at the centre of these strategies.ConclusionsChampion runners’ main strategy to stay well and sustain their superiority in performance was characterized by constantly paying attention to symptoms of ill health, listening to medical advice, and not letting environmental strain interfere with adjustment of sports load. Many top-level runners originate from global regions where formal education programs and health insurance plans are poorly regulated and supported. Bio-psychosocial models including empowerment at individual and systems levels should be considered when health services are planned for professional runners.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Bång, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cognitive tools in medical teamwork : the spatial arrangement of patient records
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Methods of Information in Medicine. - 0026-1270. ; 42:4, s. 331-336
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: As a preliminary for the design of Computer- Based Patient Records, the aim of this paper is to build an understanding of the roles physical artifacts like paper-based patient records play in support-ing cognition and collaboration in the healthcare settings. Method: A small ethnographically-informed study was conducted in the emergency room at a 250-bed hospital in Sweden from the perspective of Distributed Cognition. Results: To track work-in-progress, clinicians placed patient records on a desk to form a shared public display that represented the current problem state for the health-care team. The results of the study suggest that the patient records and other physical artifacts are used by clinicians in different ways to form cognitive tools that offload memory tasks and support joint attention and collaboration. Conclusion: To design Computer-Based Patient Records that more appropriately support cognition and teamwork, it is important to investigate how clinicians make use of the paper-based patient records. Practitioners take advantage of existing tools frequently to deal with cognitively demanding tasks and collaboration issues.
|
|
| 15. |
- Bång, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Mobile phone computing for in-situ cognitive-behavioral therapy
- 2007
-
Ingår i: MedINFO 2007,2007. - : IOS Press. - 9781586037741 ; , s. 1078-1082
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for psychological disorders is becoming increasingly popular on the Internet. However when using this workstation approach, components such as training and learning relaxation skills, problem solving, exposure exercises, and sleep management guidance must be done in the domestic environment. This paper describes design concepts for providing spatially explicit CBT with mobile phones. We reviewed and analyzed a set of treatment manuals to distinguish elements of CBT that can be improved and supported using mobile phone applications. The key advantage of mobile computing support in CBT is that multimedia can be applied to record, scale, and label anxiety-provoking situations where the need arises, which helps the CBT clients formulate and convey their thoughts and feelings to relatives and friends, as well as to therapists at subsequent treatment sessions.
|
|
| 16. |
- Dahlström, Örjan, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficacy of pre-participation cardiac evaluation recommendations among athletes participating in World Athletics Championships
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 27:14, s. 1480-1490
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Athletes competing in athletics (track and field) at international level may be participating with underlying undiagnosed life-threatening cardiovascular conditions. Our objective was to analyse variations in pre-participation cardiac evaluation prevalence among athletes participating in two International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Athletics Championships, with regard to the human developmental level and global region of their home countries, as well as athletes’ age category, gender, event group and medical insurance type.Design Cross-sectional web-based survey.MethodsA total of 1785 athletes competing in the IAAF World Under 18 Championships Nairobi 2017 and World Championships London 2017 were invited to complete a pre-participation health questionnaire investigating the experience of a pre-participation cardiac examination.Results A total of 704 (39%) of the athletes participated. Among these, 59% (60% of women; 58% of men) reported that they had been provided at least one type of pre-participation cardiac evaluation. Athletes from very high income countries, Europe and Asia, showed a higher prevalence of at least one pre-participation cardiac evaluation.Conclusions The prevalence of pre-participation cardiac evaluation in low to middle income countries, and the African continent in particular, needs urgent attention. Furthermore, increases in evaluation prevalence should be accompanied by the development of cost-effective methods that can be adopted in all global regions.
|
|
| 17. |
- Drew, Michael K., et al.
(författare)
-
Health Systems in High-Performance Sport: Key Functions to Protect Health and Optimize Performance in Elite Athletes
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sports Medicine. - : ADIS INT LTD. - 0112-1642 .- 1179-2035. ; 53:8, s. 1479-1489
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enabling athletes to achieve peak performances while also maintaining high levels of health is contextually complex. We aim to describe what a health system is and apply the essential functions of stewardship, financing, provision of services and resource generation to an Australian high-performance sport context. We introduce a fifth function that health systems should not detract from athletes ability to achieve their sports goals. We describe how these functions aim to achieve four overall outcomes of safeguarding the health of the athletes, responding to expectations, providing financial and social protection against the costs of ill health, and efficient use of resources. Lastly, we conclude with key challenges and potential solutions for developing an integrated health system within the overall performance system in high-performance sport.
|
|
| 18. |
- Edouard, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
-
An injury complaints in the months before the championships is a risk factor for injury during athletics championship
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 1877-0657 .- 1877-0665. ; 59
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveDuring international athletics championships, the incidence and characteristics of new injuries have been well described: about 10% of registered athletes have a new injury. It seemed also important to understand the complaints of athletes in terms of injuries in the period before and at the start of the championships and potential association with potential new injuries for identification of possible risk factors.The objective of this study was to determine the health of athletes before the start of an international athletics championship and to identify risk factors for new injuries.Patients and methodsIn the 2013 World Athletics Championships in Moscow, all athletes enrolled (n = 1784) were asked to complete a pre-participation health questionnaire (PHQ) collecting data on the health status during the months preceding the championships. During the period of the Championships, all new injuries were prospectively recorded.ResultsThe PHQ was completed by 698 (39%) of the athletes; 204 (29.2%) reported suffering such injury complaint during the month before the championships. The most common mode of onset of pain before championships was gradual (43.6%). Forty-nine athletes reported at least one new injury during the championships. Athletes who reported suffering injuries before championships had an increased risk of having a new injury during the championship [odds ratio (OR) = 2.09; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.16–3.77; P = 0.014] and those who reported suffering injuries championships before a gradual fashion appearance were at increased risk of almost four times to re-injury with sport stop in the championship (OR = 3.92; 95% CI: 1.69–9.08; P = 0.001).Discussion/ConclusionApproximately one third of athletes participating in an international athletics championship and involved in this study reported an injury complaint during the month before the championships. This represented a risk factor to suffer a new injury during the championship.This study highlights the potential importance of a pre-participation health questionnaire as a screening tool to identify athletes at risk of injury before international athletics championships.
|
|
| 19. |
- Edouard, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
-
Illnesses during 11 international athletics championships between 2009 and 2017 : incidence, characteristics and sex-specific and discipline-specific differences
- 2019
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 53:18, s. 1174-1182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Illnesses impair athletes’ participation and performance. The epidemiology of illness in athletics is limited.Objective To describe the occurrence and characteristics of illnesses during international athletics championships (indoor and outdoor), and to analyse differences with regards to athletes’ sex and participation in explosive and endurance disciplines.Methods During 11 international championships held between 2009 and 2017, physicians from both national medical teams and the local organising committees reported daily on all athlete illnesses using a standardised report form. Illness frequencies, incidence proportions (IPs) and rates (IRs), and relative risks (RR) with 95% CIs were calculated.Results During the 59 days of the 11 athletics championships, 546 illnesses were recorded in the 12 594 registered athletes equivalent to IP of 43.4 illnesses per 1000 registered athletes (95% CI 39.8 to 46.9) or IR of 1.2 per 1000 registered athlete days (95% CI 1.1 to 1.2). The most frequently reported illnesses were upper respiratory tract infections (18.7%), exercise-induced fatigue/hypotension/collapse (15.4%) and gastroenteritis (13.2%). No myocardial infarction was recorded. A total of 28.8% of illnesses were expected to lead to time loss from sport. The illness IP was similar in male and female athletes, with few differences in illness characteristics. During outdoor championships, the illness IP was higher in endurance than explosive disciplines (RR=1.87; 95% CI 1.58 to 2.23), with a considerably higher IP of exercise-induced illness in endurance disciplines, but a similar upper respiratory tract infection IP in both discipline groups.Conclusions Illness prevention strategies during international athletics championships should be focused on the most frequent diagnoses in each discipline group.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Edouard, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
-
Injury frequency and characteristics (location, type, cause and severity) differed significantly among athletics (track and field) disciplines during 14 international championships (2007-2018): implications for medical service planning
- 2020
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 54:3, s. 159-167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To analyse differences between athletic disciplines in the frequency and characteristics of injuries during international athletics championships. Methods Study design, injury definition and data collection procedures were similar during the 14 international championships (2007-2018). National medical teams and local organising committee physicians reported all newly incurred injuries daily on a standardised injury report form. Results were presented as number of injuries and number of injuries per 1000 registered athletes, separately for male and female athletes, and for each discipline. Results From a total of 8925 male and 7614 female registered athletes, 928 injuries were reported in male and 597 in female athletes. The discipline accounting for the highest proportion of injuries was sprints, for both men (24%) and women (26%). The number of injuries per 1000 registered athletes varied between disciplines for men and women: highest in combined events for male athletes (235 (95% CI 189 to 281)) and female athletes (212 (95% CI 166 to 257)), and lowest for male throwers (47 (95% CI 35 to 59)) and female throwers (32 (95% CI 21 to 43)) and for female race walkers (42 (95% CI 19 to 66)). Injury characteristics varied significantly between disciplines for location, type, cause and severity in male and female athletes. Thigh muscle injuries were the main diagnoses in the disciplines sprints, hurdles, jumps, combined events and race walking, lower leg muscle injuries in marathon running, lower leg skin injury in middle and long distance running, and trunk muscle and lower leg muscle injuries in throws. Conclusions Injury characteristics differed substantially between disciplines during international athletics championships. Strategies for medical service provision (eg, staff, facilities) during athletics championships should be discipline specific and be prepared for targeting the main injuries in each discipline.
|
|
| 22. |
- Edouard, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
-
Interrater reliability of the injury reporting of the injury surveillance system used in international athletics championships
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1440-2440 .- 1878-1861. ; 21:9, s. 894-898
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The quality of epidemiological injury data depends on the reliability of reporting to an injury surveillance system. Ascertaining whether all physicians/physiotherapists report the same information for the same injury case is of major interest to determine data validity. The aim of this study was therefore to analyse the data collection reliability through the analysis of the interrater reliability. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: During the 2016 European Athletics Advanced Athletics Medicine Course in Amsterdam, all national medical teams were asked to complete seven virtual case reports on a standardised injury report form using the same definitions and classifications of injuries as the international athletics championships injury surveillance protocol. The completeness of data and the Fleiss kappa coefficients for the inter-rater reliability were calculated for: sex, age, event, circumstance, location, type, assumed cause and estimated time-loss. Results: Forty-one team physicians and physiotherapists of national medical teams participated in the study (response rate 89.1%). Data completeness was 96.9%. The Fleiss kappa coefficients were: almost perfect for sex (k = 1), injury location (k = 0.991), event (k = 0.953), circumstance (k = 0,942), and age = 0.870), moderate for type (k = 0.507), fair for assumed cause (k = 0.394), and poor for estimated time loss (k = 0.155). Conclusions: The injury surveillance system used during international athletics championships provided reliable data for "sex", "location", "event", "circumstance", and "age". More caution should be taken for "assumed cause" and "type", and even more for "estimated time-loss". This injury surveillance system displays satisfactory data quality (reliable data and high data completeness), and thus, can be recommended as tool to collect epidemiology information on injuries during international athletics championships. (C) 2018 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 23. |
- Eriksson, Henrik, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ontology based modeling of pandemic simulation
- 2007
-
Ingår i: MedINFO 2007,2007. - : IOS Press. - 9781586037741 ; , s. 755-759
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer-based simulation of influenza outbreaks in local communities can help researchers, epidemiologists, and decision makers better understand the impact of the community structure on the reproduction rate of disease, and the relative benefits of different types of prevention and interventions. The goal of scenario modeling is to develop a description of scenario components, such us the disease, the community and interventions. An ontology-based representation of the scenario model together with a modeling tool, which is based on an extension to Protege assist scenario developers in formulating simulation specifications. This approach allows the exploration of new ideas by rapidly formulating and reconstructing scenarios from novel components.
|
|
| 24. |
- Fagher, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
An eHealth Application of Self-Reported Sports-Related Injuries and Illnesses in Paralympic Sport : Pilot Feasibility and Usability Study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: JMIR Human Factors. - Toronto, Canada : JMIR Publications. - 2292-9495. ; 4:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sport participation is associated with a risk of sports-related injuries and illnesses, and Paralympic athletes’ additional medical issues can be a challenge to health care providers and medical staff. However, few prospective studies have assessed sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport (SRIIPS) over time. Advances in mobile phone technology and networking systems offer novel opportunities to develop innovative eHealth applications for collection of athletes’ self-reports. Using eHealth applications for collection of self-reported SRIIPS is an unexplored area, and before initiation of full-scale research of SRIIPS, the feasibility and usability of such an approach needs to be ascertained.Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a 4-week pilot study and (1) evaluate the monitoring feasibility and system usability of a novel eHealth application for self-reported SRIIPS and (2) report preliminary data on SRIIPS.Methods: An eHealth application for routine collection of data from athletes was developed and adapted to Paralympic athletes. A 4-week pilot study was performed where Paralympic athletes (n=28) were asked to weekly self-report sport exposure, training load, general well-being, pain, sleep, anxiety, and possible SRIIPS. The data collection was followed by a poststudy use assessment survey. Quantitative data related to the system use (eg, completed self-reports, missing responses, and errors) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative feasibility and usability data provided by the athletes were condensed and categorized using thematic analysis methods.Results: The weekly response rate was 95%. The athletes were of the opinion that the eHealth application was usable and feasible but stated that it was not fully adapted to Paralympic athletes and their impairments. For example, it was difficult to understand how a new injury or illness should be identified when the impairment was involved. More survey items related to the impairments were requested, as the athletes perceived that injuries and illnesses often occurred because of the impairment. Options for description of multifactorial incidents including an injury, an illness, and the impairment were also insufficient. Few technical issues were encountered, but athletes with visual impairment reported usability difficulties with the speech synthesizer. An incidence rate of 1.8 injuries and 1.7 illnesses per 100 hours of athlete exposure were recorded. The weekly pain prevalence was 56% and the impairment contributed to 20% of the reported incidents.Conclusions: The novel eHealth-based application for self-reported SRIIPS developed and tested in this pilot study was generally feasible and usable. With some adaptation to accommodate Paralympic athletes’ prerequisites and improved technical support for athletes with visual impairment, this application can be recommended for use in prospective studies of SRIIPS.
|
|
| 25. |
- Fagher, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Injuries and illnesses in Swedish Paralympic athletes-A 52-week prospective study of incidence and risk factors
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : WILEY. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 30:8, s. 1457-1470
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport (SRIIPS) are a concern, but knowledge about the etiology and risk factors is limited. The aim of this study was to describe the annual incidence, type, and severity of injuries and illnesses among Swedish Paralympic athletes and to assess risk factors. Methods Swedish Paralympic athletes (n = 107) self-reported SRIIPS every week during 52 weeks using an eHealth application. Incidence proportions (IP) and incidence rates (IR) were used as measures of disease burden. Time-to-event methods (Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression) were used to identify risk factors. Results The annual IP for injury was 68% and for illness 77%. The injury IR was 6.9/1000 hours and the illness IR 9.3/1000 hours. The median time to injury was 19 weeks (95% CI: 10.5-27.4) and to illness 9 weeks (95% CI: 1.4-16.6). Most injuries occurred during training, and 34% were classified as severe (>= 21 days of time loss). An increased injury risk was observed among athletes in team sports (HR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.19-2.99), athletes with a previous severe injury (HR 2.37; 95% CI: 1.47-3.83), and male athletes (HR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.06-2.93). The most common illness type was infection (84%). Athletes in team sports (HR 1.64; 95% CI: 1.05-2.54) and males with a previous illness (HR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.04-4.36) had a higher illness risk. Conclusion Paralympic athletes report a high incidence of injuries and illnesses over time. This emphasizes the need to develop preventive strategies of SRIIPS and optimize medical services for this heterogeneous athlete population.
|
|
| 26. |
- Fagher, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of their experiences of sports-related injuries, risk factors and preventive possibilities
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Sport Science. - Oxfordshire : Informa UK Limited. - 1746-1391 .- 1536-7290. ; 16:8, s. 1240-1249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our knowledge of sports-related injuries in para-sport is limited and there are no data on how Paralympic athletes themselves perceive an injury. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of their experiences of sports-related injuries, risk factors and preventive possibilities. Eighteen Swedish Paralympic athletes with vision impairment, intellectual impairment, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, dysplasia and neuromuscular disorder, representing 10 different para-sports, were interviewed. The qualitative phenomenographic method was used to interpret the data. The analysis revealed nine categories of perceptions of experiences. The athletes perceived that their impairments were involved in the cause and consequential chains associated with a sports-related injury. Other categories that denoted and described these injuries were: sport overuse, risk behaviour, functional limitations, psychological stressors, the normalised pain, health hazards, individual possibilities to prevent sports-related injuries and unequal prerequisites. This qualitative study revealed that Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of their experiences of sports-related injuries are complex and multifactorial, and in several ways differ from able-bodied athletes. This needs to be considered in the sports health and safety work within the Paralympic Movement as well as in the design of future injury surveillance systems and preventive programmes.
|
|
| 27. |
- Fagher, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalence of Sports-Related Injuries and Illnesses in Paralympic Athletes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: PM&R. - : WILEY. - 1934-1482 .- 1934-1563. ; 12:3, s. 271-280
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundWith increased participation in Paralympic sports, the burden of sports-related injuries and illnesses may increase. However, there is limited knowledge about the epidemiology of sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sports (SRIIPS). ObjectiveTo describe among Swedish Paralympic athletes the 1-year retrospective period prevalence of severe SRIIPS and the point prevalence of all SRIIPS and to examine differences in prevalence proportions between athletes with different impairments, behaviors, and sport characteristics. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingSwedish Paralympic Programme. ParticipantsOne hundred and four Paralympic athletes with visual, physical, and intellectual impairment. MethodsAn eHealth application adapted to Paralympic athletes was used to collect self-report data on existing and previous SRIIPS, as well as impairment, behavior, and sport characteristics. Main Outcome MeasurementsOne-year retrospective period prevalence and point prevalence. ResultsThe period prevalence of severe injuries was 31% (95% CI 23-40) and the point prevalence 32% (95% CI 24-41). The period prevalence of severe illnesses was 14% (95% CI 9-23), and 13% of the athletes (95% CI 8-22) reported a current illness. More severe injuries (Pamp;lt;.05) were reported by athletes aged 18 to 25years, not using assistive device, having pain during sport, using analgesics, continuing training injured, and feeling guilt when missing exercise. Athletes who reported a previous severe injury, having pain in daily life and during sport, using analgesics, and being upset when unable to exercise had a higher prevalence of current injuries (Pamp;lt;.05). Being female, reporting previous severe illness, using prescribed medication, and feeling anxious/depressed were features associated with ongoing illnesses (Pamp;lt;.05). ConclusionParalympic athletes report a high prevalence of SRIIPS. Behavioral and psychological aspects as well as pain and use of medication appear to be associated with the occurrence of SRIIPS. The results imply that factors leading to SRIIPS are complex and call for a broad biopsychosocial approach when developing preventive measures. Level of EvidenceIII.
|
|
| 28. |
- Fagher, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
The sports-related injuries and illnesses in paralympic sport study (SRIIPSS): a study protocol for a prospective longitudinal study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-1847. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Paralympic sport provides sporting opportunities for athletes with a disability, with the Paralympic Games as the main event. Participation in sport is, however, associated with a significant risk for sustaining injuries and illnesses. Our knowledge of sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport is very limited and there are no large-scale epidemiological cohort studies. The purpose here is to present a protocol for a prospective longitudinal study: The Sports-Related Injuries and Illnesses in Paralympic Sport Study (SRIIPSS).METHODS/DESIGN:An argument-based method for investigation of design problems was used to structure the study protocol. The primary requirement of the protocol is to allow prospective studies over time and include exposure to both training and competition. To reflect the complexity of Paralympic sport with athletes' pre-existing impairments, use of assistive equipment, pain and other and medical issues, it is required that the data collection system is specifically adapted to Paralympic sport. To allow the collection of data, at the same time as there is limited access to coaches and medical personnel, it is advantageous that data can be collected online directly from the athletes. Based on this a self-report athlete monitoring system will be developed, where the athletes can enter data weekly via their mobile phones or lap-tops. Data will be collected from around 100 Swedish Paralympic athletes for approximately 1 year, which will allow us to i) prospectively estimate the annual incidence of sports-related injuries and illnesses and ii) explore risk factors and mechanisms for sustaining sports-related injuries and illnesses based on athlete exposure and training loads.DISCUSSION:For effective implementation of injury and illness prevention measures, comprehensive epidemiological knowledge is required. This study will be the first prospective longitudinal self-report study of sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport over a longer period of time. The results will eventually contribute to the development of evidence-based preventive measures specifically adapted to Paralympic sport in order to provide safe and healthy sport participation. Thereby, the project will be of relevance for Paralympic athletes at all levels and to the Paralympic Movement.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Fägerskiöld, Astrid, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
-
The view of the child health nurse among mothers
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 17:2, s. 160-168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate mothers' experiences of their encounters with the child health (CH) nurse. A cross-sectional design was used for the study, based on data from 140 mothers gathered by the critical incident technique. The analysis was accomplished by a thematic content analysis, using inductive reasoning in three steps. Symbolic interactionism was used as a frame of reference. The results suggest that the central factor in the encounter between mother and nurse is that they are able to share the realm of motherhood, meaning that the nurse is open and willing to share all types of emotions, experiences and attitudes related to being a mother. Given this basis, other important factors are the supply of sound advice and practical interventions, and that the nurse is reassuring and accessible. The majority of the participating mothers had experienced CH nurses who had provided them with valuable support during troublesome incidents. However, there were also several dissatisfied mothers who had expected support but thought they received insulting treatment instead. The mothers and the nurses have varying experiences and background and therefore different perspectives, which may lead to difficulties in understanding each other. Knowledge about the important factors, that affect the mother–nurse encounter, can be used to strengthen the nurses' positive behaviours and facilitate understanding of how disappointed mothers have experienced their health care encounters.
|
|
| 31. |
- Garpenholt, Ö, et al.
(författare)
-
Immunization against Haemophilus influenzae type b in Sweden - A study of the introduction process
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 29:4, s. 271-278
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To study the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination in Sweden, and to identify factors promoting and inhibiting the process. Methods. The introduction of general childhood vaccination against Hib in Sweden in 1992-93 was studied using the Cultural Historical Activity Theory as a theoretical framework. Results: Five activity systems were found to be involved in the introduction process, the systems of vaccine production, government administration, news distribution, science, and disease prevention. The critical factors for introduction of the programme were found to be the vaccine product, conception of the disease, government economy and public decision-making. Conclusions: The results show that a broad range of non-biomedical aspects must be considered when a public health intervention such as a general vaccination programme is introduced.
|
|
| 32. |
- Gauffin, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
Maintaining motivation and health among recreational runners: Panel study of factors associated with self-rated performance outcomes at competitions
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1440-2440 .- 1878-1861. ; 22:12, s. 1319-1323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate health-related factors associated with self-rated race performance outcomes among recreational long-distance runners. Design: Panel study. Methods: Data were collected from runners one month before and after a community-level race event including distances from 8 to 42.2 km. The primary outcome measure was self-rated race performance outcome. The explanatory variables represented health complaints suffered during the build-up year, the pre-race month, and the race and among full marathon runners predicted objective performance outcome (mean pace equal to training pace or faster). Multiple logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with the self-rated performance outcome. Results: Two-hundred forty-five runners (29%) provided complete data sets. Seventy-four percent of the runners reached their desired race performance outcome. Achievement of the performance outcome was more likely when having avoided illness during the build-up and pre-race periods (OR = 3.8; 95% CI:1.8-8.0, p amp;lt; 0.001), having avoided per-race injury (OR=3.0; 95% CI:1.2-7.4, p = 0.02) and avoided perrace illness (OR= 4.1; 95% CI:1.3-15, p = 0.020). Having obtained the self-rated performance outcome was also associated with running a shorter distance (OR=3.6; 95% CI: 1.7-8.0,p = 0.001) and being younger than 50 years of age (OR= 2.4; 95% CI:1.1-5.3-8.3, p = 0.03). Having met the predicted objective performance outcome predisposed marathon runners to also obtain the self-rated performance outcome (OR= 4.7, 95% CI: 1.5-16, p amp;lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Having avoided illness during build-up and pre-race was positively associated with self-rated race performance outcome among recreational runners. Adjusting the desired performance outcomes with regard to recent illness and age may help recreational runners to more often achieve their goals and thereby prevent them from leaving the sport. (C) 2019 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 33. |
- Gustafsson, Fredrik, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Modellering av åtgärders effekter under pandemin kan ifrågasättas : Forskarna vid Imperial College ändrade sina antaganden så att slutsatsen att nedstängning var mest effektiv bibehölls [Modeling the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions during the corona pandemic]
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Sveriges Läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 118
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team (ICCRT) concluded in a series of high-profile reports that lockdown had been the most effective non-pharmaceutical intervention in 11 European countries during the initial phase of the corona pandemic. As the ICCRT used a transparent modeling framework, we were able to examine assumptions made in the model. We found that the ICCRT modified the assumptions made in their model as more data became available in a way that maintained the conclusion that lockdown was most effective. These observations suggest that modeling of non-pharmaceutical interventions during an ongoing pandemic must be interpreted with caution as sources of error can be found both in the technical execution of the modeling and the assumptions made. The secondary analysis was made possible only because the ICCRT published their methodology in detail, which is a prerequisite for scientific progress in the pandemic modeling area.
|
|
| 34. |
- Hallberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards second-generation smart card-based authentication in health information systems : the secure server model.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Medinfo. - 1569-6332. ; 10:Pt 2, s. 1257-1261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional smart card-based authentication systems used in health care alleviate some of the security issues in user and system authentication. Existing models still do not cover all security aspects. To enable new protective measures to be developed, an extended model of the authentication process is presented. This model includes a new entity referred to as secure server. Assuming a secure server, a method where the smart card is aware of the status of the terminal integrity verification becomes feasible. The card can then act upon this knowledge and restrict the exposure of sensitive information to the terminal as required in order to minimize the risks. The secure server model can be used to illuminate the weaknesses of current approaches and the need for extensions which alleviate the resulting risks.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Hermansson, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploration of the life histories and future of war-wounded Salvadoran and Iranian Kurd quota refugees in Sweden : A qualitative approach
- 2003
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 12:2, s. 142-153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the life histories of ten Salvadoran and twelve Iranian Kurd refugees. Both groups came to Sweden as war-wounded quota refugees and their migration was forced. They had spent many years in guerilla movements and were experienced soldiers despite their youth. They were interviewed during hospitalisation shortly after arrival in Sweden, and followed-up after two years. The findings suggest that repatriation is a recurrent theme in the future plans of these refugees. The reconstruction of identity may take many forms due to a background as youth soldiers as well as their different experiences of the culture in the host country. Longitudinal studies of how refugees rebuild their lives are needed, and comprehensive analysis from different theoretical perspectives is a necessary complement to general adaptation models.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Hermansson, Ann-Charlotte, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
-
Survival with pain : an eight-year follow-up of war-wounded refugees.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Medicine, conflict and survival. - 1362-3699 .- 1743-9396. ; 17:2, s. 102-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of chronic pain in male war-wounded refugees and to examine the relationship between chronic pain and psychiatric symptoms. A culturally heterogeneous group of 44 war-wounded refugees were investigated during hospitalization, shortly after arrival, and followed up after two years. This study is an additional follow-up after eight years. The data collection methods used were structured interviews and physical examination. The measures of outcome were: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) grading of pain, clinical categorization of pain into nociceptive or neurogenic, Hopkins Symptom Check List (HSCL-25), Post Traumatic Symptom Scale (PTSS-10). Chronic pain was found in 32 (73%) out of 44 subjects. The pain was purely nociceptive and neurogenic in 53% and 25%, respectively. The frequency of psychiatric symptoms was significantly related to the mean intensity of pain. War-wounded refugees display psychiatric symptoms and chronic pain in a complex pattern. Further research is needed as a basis for pain rehabilitation programmes suitable for this group.
|
|
| 39. |
- Hermansson, Ann-Charlotte, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
-
The long-term impact of torture on the mental health of war-wounded refugees : Findings and implications for nursing programmes
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 17:4, s. 317-324
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, nurses from many disciplines are expected to provide nursing care to refugees severely traumatized in war and conflict. The general aim of this study was to explore the long-term impact of torture on the mental health of war-wounded refugees. The study group consisted of 22 tortured and 22 nontortured male refugees who had been injured in war. Standardized interview schedules, exploring different background characteristics, and three instruments for assessment of mental health were used: the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, the Post Traumatic Symptom Scale and a well-being scale. The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was high in both groups. However, there were no significant differences in mental health between the tortured and the nontortured refugees. The patterns of associations between background characteristics and mental health were different in the two groups. The strongest associations with lower level of mental health were higher education in the tortured group and unemployment in the nontortured group. Methodological difficulties in research on sequelae of prolonged traumatization remain. Further studies within the caring sciences can broaden the present understanding of the impact of torture and other war traumas. ⌐ 2003 Nordic College of Caring Sciences.
|
|
| 40. |
- Hermansson, Ann-Charlotte, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Mental Health of War-wounded Refugees : An 8-year Follow-up
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 190, s. 374-380
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex nature of recent wars and armed conflicts has forced many war-injured persons into exile. To investigate their long-term mental health, three instruments for assessing mental health (HSCL-25, PTSS-10, and a Well-Being scale) were presented to 44 war-wounded refugees from nine different countries 8 years after arrival in Sweden. The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was high and corresponds to findings in previous studies of refugee patient populations. A lower level of mental health was associated with higher education, unemployment, and poor physical health. The findings suggest a high psychiatric morbidity and a need for psychiatric interventions in this refugee group. Methodological issues to be considered in research on sequels of war traumas are discussed.
|
|
| 41. |
- Holm, E, et al.
(författare)
-
A discrete time-space geography for epidemiology : from mixing groups to pockets of local order in pandemic simulations.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: MEDINFO 2007 - Proceedings of the 12th World Congress on Health (Medical) Informatics – Building Sustainable Health Systems. - 9781586037741 ; , s. 464-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Health Organization urges all nations to develop and maintain national influenza preparedness plans. Important components of such plans are forecasts of morbidity and mortality based on local social and geographic conditions. Most methodologies for simulations of epidemic outbreaks are implicitly based on the assumption that the frequency and duration of social contacts that lead to disease transmission is affected by geography, i.e. the spatial distribution of physical meeting places. In order to increase the effectiveness of the present methods for simulation of infectious disease outbreaks, the aim of this study is to examine two social geographic issues related to such models. We display how the social geographic characteristics of mixing networks, in particular when these significantly deviate from the random-mixing norm, can be represented in order to enhance the understanding and prediction of epidemic patterns in light of a possible future destructive influenza pandemic. We conclude that social geography, social networks and simulation models of directly transmitted infectious diseases are fundamentally linked.
|
|
| 42. |
- Hulme, Adam, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk and Protective Factors for Middle- and Long-Distance Running-Related Injury
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Sports Medicine. - : ADIS INT LTD. - 0112-1642 .- 1179-2035. ; 47:5, s. 869-886
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Despite a rapidly growing body of research, a systematic evidence compilation of the risk and protective factors for middle- and long-distance running-related injury (RRI) was lacking. Objectives Our objective was to compile the evidence about modifiable and non-modifiable training-related and behavioral risk and protective factors for middle- and long-distance RRI. Methods We searched five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO) for the dates 1 January 1970 to 31 December 2015, inclusive, for original peer-reviewed articles. The eligible designs were cross-sectional, case-control, longitudinal observational studies, and randomized controlled trials involving runners competing at distances from amp;gt;= 800 m to amp;lt;= 42.2 km. Outcomes were any specific and/or general RRI, and exposures included training-related and behavioral factors. We extracted authors and date, study design, injury type(s), descriptors and comparators for each exposure, and results and measures of association from the selected studies. Methodological quality was independently appraised using two separate checklists: a modified checklist for observational study designs and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale for randomized controlled trials. Results Among 73 articles eligible for inclusion, 19 (26.0%) and 30 (41.0%) were of high or satisfactory methodological quality, respectively. As a non-modifiable exposure, a history of previous injury was found to be associated with an increased risk of both general and specific RRI. In terms of modifiable exposures, irregular and/or absent menstruation was found to be associated with an increased risk of stress fracture development, whereas the use of oral contraceptives was found to be associated with a decreased risk. High clinical, methodological, and statistical heterogeneity meant it was not feasible to estimate a pooled effect size across similar studies. Conclusions A history of previous injury was associated with an increased risk of both general and specific RRI. The use of oral contraceptives was found to be associated with a decreased risk of skeletal stress fracture. Conversely, irregular and/or absent menstruation was associated with an increased risk. The varied effect directions and/or a number of statistically insignificant results associated with the majority of factors hindered our ability to draw any definitive conclusions about their relationship to RRI risk.
|
|
| 43. |
- Irestig, Magnus, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Peer-to-peer computing in health-promoting voluntary organizations : A system design analysis
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of medical systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0148-5598 .- 1573-689X. ; 29:5, s. 425-440
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large part of the health promotion in today's society is performed as peer-to-peer empowerment in voluntary organisations such as sports clubs, charities, and trade unions. In order to prevent work-related illness and long-term sickness absence, the aim of this study is to explore computer network services for empowerment of employees by peer-to-peer communication. The 'technique trade-off' method was used for the analysis of the system design. A Critical Incident Technique questionnaire was distributed to a representative sample of trade union shop stewards (n = 386), and focus-group seminars were arranged where a preliminary set of requirements was discussed. Seven basic requirements were identified and matched to a set of 12 design issues for computer network services, allocating a subset of design issues to each requirement. The conclusion is that the systems design displays an inexpensive and potentially feasible method for peer-to-peer computing in voluntary health-promoting organisations. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Jacobsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing web-based health guidance for coaches and parents in child athletics (track and field)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : WILEY. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 30:7, s. 1248-1255
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to develop athletics health guidance (AHG) aimed at supporting coaches and parents involved in organized child athletics by providing practical advice and tools for the management of the most common health problems experienced in athletics by the 12- to 15-year olds. The study used participatory action research (PAR) and an established health service guideline development procedure modified to fit AHG development in child athletics. A sequential process consisting of four steps with associated subgoals was employed. The collected data were structured according to the AHG development steps and analyzed using qualitative methods. The most common health concern identified was injuries related to growth and overuse. No randomized controlled studies investigating injury prevention programs or any existing concepts/guidelines in child athletics were found that could be used in the development of the AHG. A requirements document was instead defined in a nominal group process and used for the AHG development. The areas included in the final AHG were as follows: training youth athletes, growth and puberty, recovery, injury prevention, injuries and illnesses, mental illness, safe sport, and anti-doping. The evidence regarding health issues in child athletics is limited, indicating that actions to support good health in the sport are currently based essentially on best practice. The long-term aim of the AHG and associated website is to systematically create and introduce conditions that can bridge the "know-do gap" and provide coaches and parents with easy-to-access and up-to-date knowledge in the field of child athlete health in athletics.
|
|
| 46. |
- Jacobsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Injuries in youth track and field are perceived to have multiple-level causes that call for ecological (holistic-developmental) interventions: A national sporting community perceptions and experiences
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : WILEY. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 28:1, s. 348-355
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engaging in competitive sports as a youth can have many health benefits, but recent studies also report a high risk for injury. The long-term purpose of this Swedish research program is to develop a framework for safe track and field training for young athletes (aged 12-15years). The aim of this study was to establish what is perceived to contribute and cause injuries in youth track and field by compiling the best available experiential knowledge about the underlying factors and use this knowledge to identify appropriate areas to handle these in practical ways. Nine focus group interviews with in total 74 participants and confirming interviews with five individuals were performed in seven Swedish regions. Qualitative research methods were used for data analysis. Injuries in youth athletes were not considered to be strictly the result of individual factors but rather the result of the interactions between factors at different levels. Three major factors emerged as follows: Insufficient knowledge for athletic development in daily practice; shortsighted communities of practice and sports policies not adjusted to youth; and societal health behaviors. The experiential knowledge in the national sporting community suggests that if effective and sustainable injury prevention processes are to be implemented for youth track and field, an ecological (holistic-developmental) approach to injury prevention is needed. Such an approach allows a longitudinal development-focused strategy for prevention that spans an athletes entire career.
|
|
| 47. |
- Jacobsson, Jenny, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Universal prevention through a digital health platform reduces injury incidence in youth athletics (track and field): a cluster randomised controlled trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 57:6, s. 364-371
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To examine whether universal prevention via a digital health platform can reduce the injury incidence in athletics athletes aged 12-15 years and if club size had an influence on the effect of the intervention. Methods This was a cluster randomised trial where young athletics athletes were randomised through their club following stratification by club size into intervention (11 clubs; 56 athletes) and control (10 clubs; 79 athletes) groups. The primary endpoint was time from baseline to the first self-reported injury. Intervention group parents and coaches were given access to a website with health information adapted to adolescent athletes and were encouraged to log in and explore its content during 16 weeks. The control group continued training as normal. Training exposure and injury data were self-reported by youths/parents every second week, that is, eight times. The primary endpoint data were analysed using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the second study aim with intervention status and club size included in the explanatory models. Results The proportion of completed training reports was 85% (n=382) in the intervention group and 86% (n=545) in the control group. The injury incidence was significantly lower (HR=0.62; chi(2)=3.865; p=0.049) in the intervention group. The median time to first injury was 16 weeks in the intervention group and 8 weeks in the control group. An interaction effect between the intervention and stratification factor was observed with a difference in injury risk between athletes in the large clubs in the intervention group versus their peers in the control group (HR 0.491 (95% CI 0.242 to 0.998); p=0.049). Conclusions A protective effect against injury through universal access to health information adapted for adolescent athletes was observed in youth athletics athletes. The efficacy of the intervention was stronger in large clubs.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Jöud, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Sammanställning och utvärdering av modeller för pandemiprediktion i Sverige under 2020
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mindre än två månader – så kort kan tiden enligt uppskattningar vara från upptäckten av ett virus med pandemisk potential till dess att virusets spridning över världen når exponentiell takt. Nationella regeringar och myndigheter har därför kort tid på sig för att i samråd med internationella organ planera och införa åtgärder för att hindra eller begränsa smittspridningen inom respektive land.I det tidiga skedet av en viruspandemi är kunskapen om virusets natur och spridningsvägar låg. Detta ställer prediktion av pandemins utveckling inför metodologiska utmaningar. Under år 2020 har prediktionsmodeller legat till grund för nationellt beslutsfattande och vårdplanering inom sjukvårdsregioner i Sverige. Det är viktigt att klarlägga tillförlitligheten och precisionen i dessa modeller relaterat till den faktiska utvecklingen av covid-19 i landet. Målsättningen med den här studien var att:Beskriva modeller för prediktion av spridning av covid-19 och relaterad sjukvårdsbelastning i Sverige publicerade mellan 2020-01-01 och 2020-12-31 (prediktioner, scenarion, prognoser etc.), samtUtvärdera modellerna ur kvalitetssynpunkt och jämföra modellerat/predicerat utfall med det observerade utfallet under den aktuella tidsperioden.Studien genomfördes som en systematisk litteraturgenomgång och resultatsyntes (sammanställning). För ändamålet utfördes sökningar efter vetenskapliga publikationer (vetenskapligt granskade innan publicering), preprints (artiklar av vetenskaplig karaktär som publiceras öppet utan föregående granskning) samt den grå litteraturen (rapporter och underlag publicerade av organisationer och myndigheter). Studieprotokollet är registrerat i databasen för strukturerade litteratursynteser och metaanalyser PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) dnr CRD42021229514 (tillgänglig: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021229514).I litteratursökningen identifierades initialt 1478 artiklar; 892 genom systematisk sökning efter kollegialt granskade vetenskapliga artiklar, 566 genom explorativ sökning i preprint-arkiv, samt 20 rapporter via uppslagssökning i den grå litteraturen. Efter granskning av sammanfattningar och därefter hela titlar med avseende på urvalskriterierna kvarstod totalt 33. Elva av dessa uteslöts på grund av risk för påverkan från felkällor. Av de 22 titlar som ingick i den avslutande resultatsyntesen var omkring hälften vetenskapliga publikationer och de övriga var myndighetsrapporter.Den detaljerade analysen visade att prediktionernas faktiska precision och tillförlitlighet sällan rapporterades tillsammans med modellerna. Endast ett fåtal artiklar beskrev någon form av validering och bara två modeller hade utvärderats framåtblickande (prospektivt). När vi gjorde en sekundär utvärdering mot faktiska data fann vi att bara två modeller av beläggning på intensivvårdsavdelningar och fyra modeller av antalet dödsfall överensstämde tillfredsställande med det faktiska utfallet. Att jämföra modeller och dra slutsatser var dock svårt då somliga prediktioner publicerades avsevärt före den tidsperiod som de gällde, medan andra publicerades i anknytning till perioden eller i efterhand.Avsaknaden av metodologiskt väl utförda utvärderingar begränsar möjligheterna att samla erfarenheter om värdet av att vid framtida pandemier använda prediktionsmodellering. Förutom brister gällande validering och utvärdering noterade vi att dokumentationen av modellerna, och redovisningen av de antaganden som gjorts, generellt var otillräcklig.Trots dessa brister måste prediktionsmodellerna anses ha bidragit positivt till förståelsen av pandemins utveckling i Sverige under 2020 och möjligheterna att genomföra interventioner. Exempelvis visade modellerna att smittspridningen kunde förväntas skilja sig avsevärt åt mellan de svenska sjukvårdsregionerna. Scenariomodellerna visade även hur förändringar i sociala kontaktmönster har samband med smittspridning givet olika fasta antaganden. Bidraget skulle ha varit ännu mer värdefullt om rapporteringen av modellerna hade varit tydligare med om de ansågs vara prediktioner, eller om de skulle betraktas som en del av större scenarion med alternativa utvecklingar givet olika antaganden.Vi drar slutsatserna att forskare, myndigheter och andra organ som publicerar pandemimodeller måste vara tydliga i sin kommunikation med avseende på avsedda mottagare (andra forskare, myndigheter, allmänheten, etc.), avsikten med modellen (scenario eller prediktion), data och antaganden som använts, samt hur tillförlitligheten i utfallet ska tolkas. I synnerhet behöver rapporteringen av pandemimodeller vara tydlig med avseende på om modellerna ska betraktas som prediktioner av en trolig utveckling, eller som scenarier som beskriver hypotetiska förlopp givet olika antaganden.Vid framtida pandemier behöver kunskap om prediktioners tillförlitlighet grundläggas redan tidigt under spridningsförloppet. Utvärderingsprotokoll bör skapas och registreras i internationella databaser för forskningsprotokoll före initiering av datainsamlingen. Rutiner för samarbete mellan nationella myndigheter, sjukvårdsregioner och akademiska institutioner behöver etableras för att sammanföra modelleringskompetens och data.Fortsatt utvecklingsarbete och forskning behövs om utvärderingsmetoder för pandemimodeller. Förutom att prediktioner måste vara tillförlitliga och begripliga, ska scenariomodeller generera realistiska scenarier. Därför behöver metoder för utvärdering av scenariomodellers interna logik, rimlighet och pluralism utvecklas.
|
|
| 50. |
- Karlsson, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Electronic data capture on athletes pre-participation health and in-competition injury and illness at major sports championships : An extended usability study in Athletics
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Health Informatics Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 1460-4582 .- 1741-2811. ; 24:2, s. 136-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study set out to identify factors critical for the usability of electronic data collection in association with championships in individual sports. A qualitative analysis of electronic data collection system usability for collection of data on pre-participation health from athletes and in-competition injury and illness from team physicians was performed during the 2013 European Athletics Indoor Championships. A total of 15 athletes and team physicians participated. Athletes were found to experience few problems interacting with the electronic data collection system, but reported concerns about having to reflect on injury and illness before competitions and the medical terminology used. Team physicians encountered problems when first navigating through the module for clinical reporting, but they were not subjected to motivational problems. We conclude that athletes motivation to self-report health data and the design of the human-computer interface for team physicians are key issues for the usability of electronic data collection systems in association with championships in individual sports.
|
|
