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| 2. |
- López-Fauqued, M., et al.
(författare)
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Safety profile of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine : Pooled analysis of two large randomised phase 3 trials
- 2019
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 37:18, s. 2482-2493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The ZOE-50 (NCT01165177) and ZOE-70 (NCT01165229) phase 3 clinical trials showed that the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was ≥90% efficacious in preventing herpes zoster in adults. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the safety data from these studies. Methods: Adults aged ≥50 (ZOE-50) and ≥70 (ZOE-70) years were randomly vaccinated with RZV or placebo. Safety analyses were performed on the pooled total vaccinated cohort, consisting of participants receiving at least one dose of RZV or placebo. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were collected for 7 and 30 days after each vaccination, respectively. Serious AEs (SAEs) were collected from the first vaccination until 12 months post-last dose. Fatal AEs, vaccination-related SAEs, and potential immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs) were collected during the entire study period. Results: Safety was evaluated in 14,645 RZV and 14,660 placebo recipients. More RZV than placebo recipients reported unsolicited AEs (50.5% versus 32.0%); the difference was driven by transient injection site and solicited systemic reactions that were generally seen in the first week post-vaccination. The occurrence of overall SAEs (RZV: 10.1%; Placebo: 10.4%), fatal AEs (RZV: 4.3%; Placebo: 4.6%), and pIMDs (RZV: 1.2%; Placebo: 1.4%) was balanced between groups. The occurrence of possible exacerbations of pIMDs was rare and similar between groups. Overall, except for the expected local and systemic symptoms, the safety results were comparable between the RZV and Placebo groups irrespective of participant age, gender, or race. Conclusions: No safety concerns arose, supporting the favorable benefit-risk profile of RZV. © 2019 GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA
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| 3. |
- Fredriksson, Hasse, et al.
(författare)
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On the solidification of nodular cast iron and its relation to the expansion and contraction
- 2005
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 413, s. 363-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Directional solidification and quench-out thermal analysis experiments have been performed in Mg-treated cast iron alloys. The volume fraction of liquid, allstenite and graphite was evaluated. It was observed that the volume fraction of austenite is much larger than expected from the equilibrium phase diagram at the beginning of the solidification process. It was also been observed that the last melt solidifies far below the equilibrium eutectic temperature. The solidification process was analyzed by non-equilibrium thermodynamic models. The theoretical treatment was supported by the observation that the latent heat decreases during the solidification process. The formation of small pores was observed at the very end of the solidification. An explanation for the formation of the small pores is given in terms of a vacancies creep model. The formation of macropores was related to the large fraction of austenite formed during the first part of the solidification process.
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| 4. |
- Budtova, Tatiana, et al.
(författare)
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Biorefinery Approach for Aerogels
- 2020
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Ingår i: Polymers. - : MDPI. - 2073-4360. ; 12:12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the International Energy Agency, biorefinery is “the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable bio-based products (chemicals, materials) and bioenergy (fuels, power, heat)”. In this review, we survey how the biorefinery approach can be applied to highly porous and nanostructured materials, namely aerogels. Historically, aerogels were first developed using inorganic matter. Subsequently, synthetic polymers were also employed. At the beginning of the 21st century, new aerogels were created based on biomass. Which sources of biomass can be used to make aerogels and how? This review answers these questions, paying special attention to bio-aerogels’ environmental and biomedical applications. The article is a result of fruitful exchanges in the frame of the European project COST Action “CA 18125 AERoGELS: Advanced Engineering and Research of aeroGels for Environment and Life Sciences”.
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| 5. |
- Dhindaw, B. K., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the peritectic reaction in medium-alloy steel through microsegregation and heat-of-transformation studies
- 2004
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 35A:9, s. 2869-2879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present work, the phenomenon of the peritectic reaction was characterized in a medium-ailoy steel. Several directional solidification and thermal-analysis experiments were done to investigate the reaction process. Directional solidification experiments carried out did not tend to show any direct evidence of a peritectic reaction. Microsegregation studies on the directionally solidified samples and those solidified under isothermal conditions bring out some interesting features. It has been documented that if the segregation ratio for Ni is higher than that for Cr, there is a correlation that the peritectic reaction had occurred in that region. On the other hand, a higher Cr segregation ratio as compared to Ni showed the possibility that the liquid had directly transformed to gamma-austenite without undergoing a peritectic reaction. Measurement of energies of transformations and the analysis of their values in different segments of the cooling-curve differential thermal analysis (DTA) experiments have helped in understanding the peritectic reaction. It is revealed that the transformation is more like diffusionless transformation, where gamma-austenite directly precipitates from delta-ferrite. Indeed, this proposition is also supported by the segregation patterns for Cr and Ni obtained in the solidified samples of this steel during directional solidification and DTA experiments and also by calculations to show the presence of enough lattice defects or vacancies to aid the aforementioned transformation.
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| 6. |
- Tinoco, Ana B, et al.
(författare)
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Ghrelin increases food intake, swimming activity and growth in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 124, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several key functions of ghrelin are well conserved through vertebrate phylogeny. However, some of ghrelin's effects are contradictory and among teleosts only a limited number of species have been used in functional studies on food intake and foraging-related behaviors. Here we investigated the long-term effects of ghrelin on food intake, growth, swimming activity and aggressive contest behavior in one year old wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) using intraperitoneal implants. Food intake and swimming activity were individually recorded starting from day 1, and aggressive behavior was tested at day 11, after ghrelin implantation. Body weight and growth rate were measured from the beginning to the end of the experiment. Triglycerides and lipase activity in muscle and liver; monoaminergic activity in the telencephalon and brainstem; and neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels in the hypothalamus were analyzed. Ghrelin treatment was found to increase food intake and growth without modifying lipid deposition or lipid metabolism in liver and muscle. Ghrelin treatment led to an increased foraging activity and a trend towards a higher swimming activity. Moreover, ghrelin-treated fish showed a tendency to initiate more conflicts, but this motivation was not reflected in a higher ability to win the conflicts. No changes were observed in monoaminergic activity and NPY mRNA levels in the brain. Ghrelin is therefore suggested to act as an orexigenic hormone regulating behavior in juvenile wild brown trout. These actions are accompanied with an increased growth without the alteration of liver and muscle lipid metabolism and they do not seem to be mediated by changes in brain monoaminergic activity or hypothalamic expression of NPY.
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| 7. |
- Tinoco, J., et al.
(författare)
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Metal spray deposition of cylindrical preforms
- 2005
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 413, s. 56-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of deposition experiments were carried out in a metal spray deposition facility for cylindrical preforms, at Sandvik Steel AB. Thick layers of modified Inconel 625 were sprayed over steel bars 170 mm in diameter and 8 m long. The rods were at room temperature during the deposition process. The effect of rotational velocity and fraction solidified in the spray was studied. Measurements of grain length intercept and porosity content were performed, as well as estimations of the shape of the actual deposition profile. Microprobe analysis was accomplished in different locations on the samples. A computational fluid dynamic model is implemented together with a continuum heat transfer model in order to facilitate the analysis. The range of the rotational velocity studied did not show any large effect on the formation of the base porosity. Three main zones were identified in the microstructure, i.e. porous-dendritic, transition and equiaxed. The segregation patterns suggested that a chemical homogenization occurred during the process. This was supported by the results of the numerical calculations.
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| 8. |
- Tinoco, J., et al.
(författare)
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Solidification of a modified Inconel 625 alloy under different cooling rates
- 2004
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Ingår i: High Temperature Materials and Processes. - 0334-6455 .- 2191-0324. ; 23:1, s. 13-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The solidification characteristics of a modified version of Inconel 625 alloy were studied under nonequilibrium conditions. To achieve this, samples were melted and then solidified under cooling rates ranging from 0.1 K/s to 8000 K/s using a modified DTA, a mirror furnace and levitation casting. Features such as solidification interval and latent heat of fusion were obtained from the cooling curves. The segregation patterns of a number of alloy elements were analysed as well as the amount of the different phases found in the microstructure. Three reactions were observed in the DTA thermographs, i.e. precipitation of austenite, niobium carbides and Laves. eutectic. The measured latent heat of fusion is not constant along the solidification process. Lower values of latent heat of fusion were measured as high cooling rates. The segregation behavior of the different solute elements indicates that the cooling rate promotes higher concentrations in solid solution. The amount of secondary phases decreases with increasing cooling rate. A theoretical explanation is given in terms of lattice defects formed in the solid and their interaction with the solute atoms.
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| 9. |
- Tinoco, J., et al.
(författare)
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Thermal analysis of nodular and lamellar eutectic cast iron under different cooling rates
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cast Metals Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-0461 .- 1743-1336. ; 16:03-jan, s. 53-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal analysis was performed on neareutectic nodular and lamellar cast iron,alloys under different cooling rates. In a DTA setup, cooling rates from 0.08 K/sec to 0.35 K/sec were used, while in a mirror furnace setup cooling rates up to 55 K/sec were reached. At low cooling rates, the solidification behaviour was analyzed by interrupting the process through quenching. The volume fraction of each phase and substructure was evaluated together with the latent heat at different solidification times. It was observed that the growth rate of the nodules decreases with time. Measurements on the number of nodules indicate that the nucleation rate is constant through the solidification process. The measured latent heat of fusion varies along the solidification process for nodular cast iron but not for lamellar cast iron. This difference in the solidification behaviour may be explained by different diffusion kinetic laws. It was also found that the measured latent heat of fusion decreases when the cooling rate increases. Alloys with nodular graphite showed lower latent heat in comparison with the alloys with lamellar graphite at high cooling rates. This effect is explained by means of thermodynamics of lattice defects, such as vacancies, formed in the austenite and graphite phase during solidification.
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