| 1. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Distressful situations, non-supportive work climate, threats to professional and private integrity : Healthcare interpreting in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Handbook of Research in Medical Interpreting. - Hershey, PA : IGI Global. - 9781522593089 ; , s. 54-79
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes situations of distress and the working climate of healthcare interpreters in Sweden. A questionnaire focused on distressful situations was administered to interpreters with experience in healthcare interpreting. The results indicated that distress in healthcare interpreting could be traced back to ethically and emotionally challenging interpreting situations and working conditions, and a lack of respect for the interpreters’ work. An interview study using Grounded Theory showed that interpreters’ main concern was the threat to professional and private integrity. Despite the fact that in general the interpreting profession in Sweden may seem professionalized, interpreters struggle with dilemmas connected to less professionalized activities. Our study was conducted in Sweden, but we argue that the results can be generalized to other countries. Although differently organized in different countries, health care interpreters experience similar dilemmas. Equal access to equitable care can be effectively hindered by language barriers.
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| 2. |
- Adler, Aleksandra, 1983-
(författare)
-
Cognitive load in dialogue interpreting : Experience and directionality
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation investigates the effect of experience and language direction on cognitive load in dialogue interpreting. The general objective of the study is to contribute to a better understanding of cognitive processes involved in dialogue interpreting. The present inquiry employs a multi- and mixed- method design and seeks to investigate disfluency measures as indicators of cognitive load in dialogue interpreting. Furthermore, the study aims to explore whether blink-based measures are sensitive to changes in cognitive load of dialogue interpreters. The present study is positioned within cognitive translation and interpreting studies (CTIS) and employs cognitive translatology as a framework, encompassing both cognitive and psycholinguistic approaches to translation and interpreting. Chen’s multidimensional theoretical construct of cognitive load in interpreting is explored in the study and remodeled to fit the context of dialogue interpreting and the assumptions of cognitive translatology. The data were collected from 17 dialogue interpreters during simulated interpreted encounters that recreated a situation commonly arising in a public service context in Sweden. The 10 inexperienced and 7 experienced interpreters all had Swedish as their working language, and the other working languages were French, Polish, and Spanish. Following the revised cognitive load model, the analyses of cognitive load focus on interpreter characteristics (interpreting experience) and on task and environmental characteristics (directionality). The results of analyses show that, in line with previous research, both interpreting experience and directionality modulate cognitive load of dialogue interpreters. Specifically, interpreting experience is demonstrated to attenuate cognitive load. In terms of directionality, interpreting into L2 is shown to be more cognitively demanding than interpreting into L1. Moreover, blink rate and blink rate variability (BRV) are explored as possible indicators of cognitive load. The analyses of blink measures suggest that no meaningful relationship can be found between blink measures and cognitive load.Finally, the complementary analyses of disfluency types in the utterances of the Polish interpreters (n=4) point to multifunctionality of disfluency in dialogue interpreting and to the multiple origins of cognitive load in interpreting dialogues. The analysis is performed from the perspective of the functional-cognitive view of disfluency proposed in the dissertation, whereby three disfluency context categories are identified and applied (cognitive-monitoring, cognitive-pragmatic, and cognitive-processing). Lexical access and rendition planning are identified as recurrent causes of cognitive load in dialogue interpreting. The study also makes theoretical and methodological contributions, primarily by revising the theoretical model of cognitive load in interpreting, which allows for operationalization of cognitive load with additional measures, in both experimental and naturalistic settings. Practical implications are a contribution to the understanding of the challenges interpreting into L2, and the impact of interpreters’ experience on interpreting. Overall, the study contributes to the emerging cognitive profile of dialogue interpreters.
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| 3. |
- Albl-Mikasa, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Routledge Handbook of Conference Interpreting. - London : Routledge. - 9780367277895 ; , s. 1-5
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Routledge Handbook of Conference Interpreting is designed as a comprehensive reference work for researchers and practitioners as well as trainers and students. Why a handbook on conference interpreting readers may ask, when the trend in research has been to bring settings together (Mikkelson & Jourdenais 2015; Pöchhacker 2015), to cross modes and stress their hybridity and to accentuate the unifying elements of interpreting and translation (Baker & Saldhana 2020). Conference interpreting still has a certain ring to it and is associated with the rise of international organisations and multinational enterprises, having assumed an instrumental role as the twentieth century took shape. Moreover, despite having always been and still being a major focus from a research perspective, to date conference interpreting has not been addressed in its own dedicated volume. Works focusing solely on conference interpreting tend to be textbooks (see Gillies 2013, 2019; Jones 2002; Setton & Dawrant 2016a; 2016b), although the recent proceedings of the conference celebrating 100 years of conference interpreting and its “collection of scholarly articles and opinion pieces illustrating what different stakeholders make of this profession” (Seeber 2021: xiii) covers more ground. Thus, our aim has been to produce a state-of-the-art compilation on the body of conference interpreting knowledge, with a systematised approach to all the different facets of its foundations, its different geographical bases, its professional issues, its applied research, and its current developments.
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| 4. |
- E. Herring, Rachel, et al.
(författare)
-
Making the Most of Retrospective Process Tracing in Dialogue Interpreting Research
- 2020
-
Ingår i: FITISPos international journal. - : Universidad de Alcala. - 2341-3778. ; 7:1, s. 53-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retrospective verbal process tracing is a popular research method in Interpreting Studies, employed by a growing number of scholars, particularly in studies of conference interpreting, but, to date, it has not been widely employed in studies of dialogue interpreting. This paper begins by introducing process-tracing methodologies, defining types of verbal process tracing, and presenting a brief critical review of publications employing this research methodology. The bulk of the article provides concrete, practical information and guidance for scholars of dialogue interpreting who are interested in employing retrospective process tracing in their research. We discuss the theoretical underpinnings of the method, methodological considerations that must be taken into account in the design and procedure of such studies, data analysis and reporting on the basis of retrospective process tracing, and recommendations for best practices.
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| 5. |
- Englund Dimitrova, Birgitta, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cognitive aspects of community interpreting : Toward a process model
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Reembedding Translation Process Research. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 9789027258748 - 9789027266347 ; , s. 195-214
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses cognitive aspects of professional community interpreting. We give an overview of earlier research into community interpreting, arguing that cognitive aspects have largely been neglected. We propose that in building a model of the mental processes of the community interpreter, different kinds of monitoring are a crucial and pervasive component. Monitoring contributes to and enables the double function of the interpreter: translating and managing the interaction of the interpreted encounter. We furthermore stress the importance of the notion of professional self-concept for explaining the interpreter’s decision-making and exemplify this by analyzing turn-taking in two Swedish-Spanish interpreted encounters.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Granhagen Jungner, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Creating a Meeting Point of Understanding : Interpreters' Experiences in Swedish Childhood Cancer Care
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1043-4542 .- 1532-8457. ; 33:2, s. 137-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Children and families with a foreign background and limited Swedish proficiency have to communicate through interpreters in childhood cancer care centers in Sweden. Interpreter-mediated events deal with many difficulties that potentially hinder the transfer of information. The purpose of our study was to explore interpreters' experiences of interpreting between health care staff and limited Swedish proficiency patients/families in childhood cancer care.DESIGN: Using purposive samples, we interviewed 11 interpreters individually. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.FINDINGS: Analyses of the data resulted in the main theme of creating a meeting point of understanding, constructed from 3 subthemes: balancing between cultures, bridging the gaps of knowledge, and balancing between compassion and professionalism.DISCUSSION: Our result shows that in order to create a sustainable meeting point of understanding, it is necessary to explain both the context and cultural differences. These results suggest that the responsibility for information transfer lies with both the health care profession and the interpreters. Tools have to be developed for both parties to contribute to creating the meeting point of understanding.
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| 8. |
- Granhagen Jungner, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Reasons for not using interpreters to secure patient-safe communication : A national cross-sectional study in paediatric oncology
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Patient Education and Counseling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 104:8, s. 1985-1992
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the reasons for not using interpreters to secure patient-safe communication.Methods: Healthcare personnel at six paediatric oncology centres in Sweden responded to the Communication over Language Barriers questionnaire. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed.Results: The participants (n = 267) often cared for patients with limited Swedish proficiency, although they were not trained in using interpreters. A lack of time was perceived as a barrier in emergency care situations, but also in planned care situations. Another barrier was the interpreter’s ability to correctly interpret medical/care terminology. There were significant differences in evaluating the interpreters’ abilities between those with/without education in using interpreters, and between Medical Doctors and Nursing Assistants. Participants were unsure whether the patient had received the correct information and thought that it was difficult to control the family/patient’s understanding of the given information. The vast majority did not perceive financial constraints as a barrier for using interpreters.Conclusions: Economic resources and legislation are not enough to increase the use of interpreters. Reasons for not using interpreters are found in limitations of time, training, and interpreters’ skills and knowledge.Practice Implications: There is a need for a greater focus on training, interpreters’ skills, and booking procedures in paediatric healthcare.
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| 9. |
- Herring, Rachel, et al.
(författare)
-
Re-examining “Practice” in Interpreter Education
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Interpreter Education. - : Clemson University. - 2150-5772. ; 14:1, s. 82-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this commentary, the authors explore “practice” in interpreter education. They outline differences in meaning and usage of the term, including the notions of “reflective practice” and “deliberate practice,” discuss the importance of high-quality skill development-focused practice (SDFP) in skill acquisition, and call for a systematic program of research into SDFP in interpreter education, particularly within the context of dialogue interpreting.
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| 10. |
- Lindström, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Making theory work in practice : Theory and practice: intertwined and inseparable at TÖI, Stockholm University
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings: Nordic Seminar Umeå February 2018. - : Sveriges teckenspråkstolkars förening. ; , s. 68-80
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The BA-programme in Swedish Sign Language and Interpreting, 180 ECTS. university level in Sweden. It is a three-year BA programme divided into six semesters of courses that are both practically and theoretically organized and it leads to a BA in Translation Studies with a focus on SSL interpreting. The first students enrolled in 2013 and graduated in 2016. There was a pause between the first and the second intake so, the second cohort will graduate in June 2018. Since 2015, intake has been regular every autumn, hence the third cohort are due to 2019 and the fourth one to 2020.
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| 11. |
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Methods and Strategies of Process Research: Integrative approaches in Translation Studies.
- 2011
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- The volume includes contributions on the cognitive processes underlying translation and interpreting, which represent innovative research with a methodological and empirical orientation. The methodological section offers an assessment/validation of different time lag measures; discusses the challenges of interpreting keystroke and eye-tracking data in translation, and triangulating disfluency analysis and eye-tracking data in sight translation research. The remainder of the volume features empirical studies on such topics as: metaphor comprehension; audience perception in subtitling research; translation and meta-linguistic awareness; and effect of language-pair specific factors on interpreting quality. A special section is dedicated to expertise studies which look at the link between problem analysis and meta-knowledge in experienced translators; the effects of linguistic complexity on expert interpreting; and strategic processing and tacit knowledge in professional interpreting. The volume celebrates the work of Birgitta Englund Dimitrova and her contribution to the development of process-oriented research.
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| 12. |
- Pergert, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Intercultural competence and communication over language barriers
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ethical issues in pediatric hematology/oncology. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030226831 - 9783030226848 ; , s. 203-222
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intercultural healthcare refers to when people of different cultures and languages communicate and interact in the healthcare context. Intercultural competence is pivotal to provide congruent and meaningful care. The notion intercultural stresses that at least two cultures are involved; however, many use the term cultural. Cultural competence has been described as a process in healthcare interactions and systems, aiming to increase equity and reduce disparities in care. Cultural competence shares core components with patient centered care, but patient centered care is difficult when the values of patients are in conflict with the values of the healthcare professionals and systems. Cultural diversity can lead to conflicts of the most fundamental values and thus, intercultural healthcare requires that professionals have opportunities and skills to deal with value conflicts. We present a relational ethics approach for intercultural competence. The basic ideas of relational ethics, and of intercultural competence, are that they exist in relationships, the context is of importance and true dialogue is the core. The components of intercultural competence are explained and include intercultural dialogue, intercultural reflection and intercultural learning. Furthermore, intercultural communication, i.e. the act of communicating between distinct cultural groups, is pivotal to enable intercultural dialogue and should continuously be developed through intercultural learning in the process of understanding and adapting to the other. We will also discuss professional interpreters’ impact on cultural learning and mutual understanding in the intercultural healthcare context. We argue that healthcare professionals need to learn effective interpreting use as part of intercultural competence.
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| 13. |
- Skaten, Ingeborg, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring deaf sign language interpreting students’ experiences from joint sign language interpreting programs for deaf and hearing students in Finland
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Translation and Interpreting Studies. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1932-2798 .- 1876-2700. ; 16:3, s. 347-367
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrated university programs for deaf and hearing sign language interpreting students are rare. In Finland, deaf interpreting students have been integrated in the only university program for sign language interpreting since its beginning in the early 1990s. This article investigates the experiences of the deaf interpreting students and deaf sign language interpreters (n=5) who attend and have attended the program. We analyzed interview responses using critical discourse analysis and the concept of identity construction, and found that deaf interpreting students, despite some disadvantages, benefitted from integrated programs. We also found three identity positions (competent deaf identity, student identity, and professional DI identity) and support for recognition (Honneth 1996) in both the solidarity and legal sphere developed through the program.
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| 14. |
-
The Routledge Handbook of Conference Interpreting
- 2021
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Providing comprehensive coverage of both current research and practice in conference interpreting, The Routledge Handbook of Conference Interpreting covers core areas and cutting-edge developments, which have sprung up due to the spread of modern technologies and global English.Consisting of 40 chapters divided into seven parts—Fundamentals, Settings, Regions, Professional issues, Training and education, Research perspectives and Recent developments—the Handbook focuses on the key areas of conference interpreting. This volume is unique in its approach to the field of conference interpreting as it covers not only research and teaching practice but also practical issues of the profession on all continents.Bringing together over 70 researchers in the field from all over the world and with an introduction by the editors, this is essential reading for all researchers, trainers, students and professionals of conference interpreting.
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| 15. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
A Sociological Perspective on Expertise in Conference Interpreting : A case study on Swedish Conference Interpreters
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Translation Effects. - Leuven : CETRA. ; , s. 1-24
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates how conference interpreters with Swedish as A-language working in international institutions understand the concept of expertise. Ten interpreters with Swedish mother tongue and working in the Swedish booth at the European institutions were interviewed in two focus groups (n=5) about their opinion of professional identity. The result was then compared to the findings of a survey of the official discourse of conference interpreting at the European institutions and the International Association of Conference Interpreter (AIIC). Some possible norm-related activities were identified. This paper investigates how conference interpreters with Swedish as A-language1 working in international institutions understand the concept of expertise. Ten interpreters with Swedish mother tongue and working in the Swedish booth at the European institutions were interviewed in two focus groups (n=5) about their opinion of professional identity. The result was then compared to the findings of a survey of the official discourse of conference interpreting at the European institutions and the International Association of Conference Interpreter (AIIC). Some possible norm-related activities were identified.
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| 16. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
Accuracy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Routledge encyclopedia of interpreting studies. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9780415634328 - 0415634326 ; , s. 3-4
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Asymmetrical language proficiency in dialogue interpreters : Methodological issues
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Translation, Cognition & Behavior. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 2542-5277 .- 2542-5285. ; 2:2, s. 305-322
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Language proficiency of dialogue interpreters, who typically work in the public service sector, is an under-researched area. Unlike as in the case of conference interpreters, there is no generally accepted definition of proficiency levels of working languages for dialogue interpreters. This article discusses language proficiency in dialogue interpreting. It presents a methodological problem, namely, how to define and determine a given interpreter’s stronger and weaker working languages. We discuss different methods for determining the individual interpreter’s stronger and weaker working languages, such as self-assessment, demographic, socio-linguistic questionnaire and test score (Dialang). We conclude that there is a need for more research in this area.
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| 18. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
Conference and Community Interpreting : Commonalities and differences
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Routledge Handbook of Conference Interpreting. - London : Routledge. - 9780367277895 ; , s. 49-61
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter discusses the commonalities and differences between spoken language conference and community interpreting. The aim is to describe the common core of these two fields of activity, often treated as two different professions. The chapter starts by describing what is argued are common core concepts of interpreting, namely, monologic/monologue vs dialogic/dialogue, setting, mode and modality. Then conference and community interpreting are compared from the perspectives of profile, skills, training, directionality, users, working conditions, professionalization, and research. Reasons for the two fields of activity being conceptualized as two different professions are discussed. Possible reasons identified include organization, setting and placement, remuneration, status of users, and levels of education. However, since the core concepts, competencies and knowledge are the same or very similar, and since a professional interpreter can be, and many are, active in both conference and community interpreting, it is argued that it may be more fruitful to consider them as fields of activity rather than different professions.
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| 19. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
Deliberate practice : The unicorn of interpreting studies
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Translation – Didaktik – Kompetenz. - Berlin : Frank & Timme. - 9783732903344 ; , s. 131-144
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deliberate practice, as described in expertise theory of cognitive psychology, stems, at least in part, from Ericsson, Krampe and Tesch-Römer’s seminal 1993 study of violin students from the Music Academy of West Berlin. In their article, Ericsson et al. take issue with the belief that truly exceptional performers are unique because they possess different types of innate giftedness. They say such reasoning is oversimplified and suggest that a truly scientific account of such skills would have to describe the development leading up to exceptional performance, as well as the “genetic and acquired characteristics that mediate it” (1993: 363, italics added). Furthermore, they argue that a scientific mapping of exceptional performance must identify critical differences between exceptional and ordinary performers. And, finally, they suggest that when researchers argue that there are genetic differences, those differences must be proven to be genetically heritable as being hereditary. Because it would be difficult for researchers to provide this evidence, Ericsson et al. recommend researchers investigate environmental factors that could “selectively promote and facilitate the achievement of such performance” instead (1993: 363). Based on their research, Ericsson et al. suggest one crucial environmental factor is deliberate practice.Of course, the issue of deliberate practice is not without controversy. One of the main counterarguments to Ericsson et al.’s proposal is that even if practice is important, researchers cannot rule out the contribution of ability factors. Some have suggested it is unfair to less able individuals to claim that hard work is enough to achieve excellence (Detterman 2014). Furthermore, several studies have shown that deliberate practice is a weak explanation of the variance in performance in many areas (Macnamara, Hambrick and Oswald 2014; Menz and Hambrick, 2010). Ericsson counters these studies by stating that the structure of expert performance is so unique it “cannot be extrapolated from the performance–ability relations observed in the general adult population” (Ericsson 2014: 81).Deliberate practice in interpreting poses another challenge for the researcher because the few studies done on the construct in this field have failed to show the mere occurrence (let alone the effect) of deliberate practice in interpreting (Tiselius 2013; Albl-Mikasa 2013). It is possible that interpreting researchers cannot find an effect for deliberate practice because they have incorrectly defined the construct. Alternatively, deliberate practice in interpreting may be a unicorn: a noble creature with the power to redeem novice interpreters be they only pure, which unfortunately exists only in fairy tales. With only two studies in the field, we do not have sufficient evidence to decide whether deliberate practice is an unproven fact or only a fiction.This article describes the theoretical foundations of deliberate practice, differences between practice and deliberate practice, and how the construct has been studied in the fields of cognitive psychology broadly and interpreting specifically. It will also investigate criticisms of deliberate practice in the field.
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| 20. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
Experience and Expertise in Conference Interpreting : An investigation of Swedish conference interpreters
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingen undersöker tolkningsprocessen och tolkprodukten hos konferenstolkar med olika lång tolkerfarenhet. Detta görs utifrån expertteorin (jmf Ericsson, Charness och Hoffman 2007) tillämpad på tolkning. Enligt expertteorin använder mycket skickliga utövare, oberoende av fält, samma typer av processer och strategier för att nå den absoluta toppen inom sitt gebit. En viktig del av expertteorin är medveten eller avsiktlig övning (deliberate practice), en särskild typ av övning som mycket skickliga utövare använder sig av för att förbättra sin insats.Avhandlingen bygger på fyra olika studier om två olika grupper av deltagare. Deltagarna simultantolkar ett eller två tal från engelska till svenska. Två grupper – en tvärsnittsgrupp med nio deltagare på tre olika tolkerfarenhetsnivåer (ingen erfarenhet, kort erfarenhet och lång erfarenhet) samt en longitudinellgrupp med tre deltagare som spelats in vid två olika tillfällen med 15 års mellanrum – analyserades utifrån både process och produkt data. Tolkprocessen studerades genom att analysera och kategorisera process problem, monitorering och tolkstrategier som tolkarna rapporterat om under retrospektion efter tolkning. Tolkprodukten analyserades genom holistiska bedömningsskalor, en för förståelighet och en för nivån på informationsöverföring. Vidare genomfördes också djupintervjuer med deltagarna i det longitudinella materialet. Syftet var att undersöka hur de uppfattade medveten/avsiktlig övning och hur de såg på sin utveckling och övning av tolkfärdigheten. En viktig del av avhandlingen, förutom resultaten, är utvecklingen av de holistiska bedömningsskalorna (utvecklade från Carroll 1966) och utvecklingen av metoden i djupintervjustudien.Slutsatsen i avhandlingen är att det finns en mätbar skillnad i tolkfärdigheten mellan tolkar med liten eller ingen tolkerfarenhet och tolkar med lång tolkerfarenhet. Denna slutsats fick dock inte stöd i det longitudinella (och intra-individuella) materialet. Skillnaderna mellan grupperna i tvärsnittsmaterialet var också tydliga i processdata. Erfarna tolkar stöter på färre process problem än tolkar med kortare erfarenhet. Det fanns också tydliga skillnader vad gäller förekomsterna av monitorering (alltså kontroll av tolkprocessen och produktionen) mellan erfarna tolkar och övriga deltagare. Monitorering verkar vara en skiljelinje mellan erfarna och oerfarna tolkar, de erfarna tolkarna hade mer process kapacitet tillgänglig för att monitorera sig själva. Detta stöddes också till viss del av djupintervjuerna, där deltagarna rapporterade hur de ständigt utvärderar sig själva i syfte att förbättra sin insats. Ett nyckelantagande som slogs fast i början av projektet – nämligen att erfarna tolkar skulle hävda i djupintervjuerna att de ägnade mycket tid åt att öva färdigheten – fick, till författarens förvåning, inte stöd. Tolkarna rapporterade om många övningslika aktiviteter, men hävdade samtidigt att de inte övade.Avhandlingen avslutas genom ett önskemål om fler studier med fokus på medveten/avsiktlig övning bland tolkar. Dessutom föreslår författaren också att termen “experttolk” eller “expert” ska användas med stor försiktighet i forskningsstudier om just expertkunnande i tolkning. Författaren efterlyser också en bredare diskussion om expertkunnande och medveten/avsiktlig övning.
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| 21. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
Expertise
- 2015
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Ingår i: Routledge encyclopedia of interpreting studies. - London : Routledge. - 9780415634328 ; , s. 152-155
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Expertise and Competence in Translation and Interpreting
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Handbook of Translation and Cognition. - Malden, MA : John Wiley & Sons. - 9781119241430 - 9781119241485 ; , s. 425-444
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter will outline the main perspectives of the empirical study of competence and expertise in both translation and interpreting. We will cover such core issues as definitions and models of competence and expertise, the relationship between professionalism and expertise, and the multivariate nature of translation/interpreting expertise (cognitive vs. social), as well as the structure of deliberate practice in the field, the stages of competence/expertise acquisition, and how these stages can relate to training and professional experience. The chapter considers both exclusive and inclusive models of competence and seeks to critically link them to expertise. Furthermore, the chapter provides a survey of the methods employed to study the specific skills and knowledge included in these models. It will also consider areas that have received little attention to date in translation process research, namely, the role of selfregulation (motivation, metacognition, emotion regulation) in performance and in supporting deliberate practice. We conclude by outlining outstanding issues for further research as well as the implications of current research for the interpreting and translation professions.
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| 23. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
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Expertise without deliberate practice? : The case of simultaneous interpreters
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The Interpreters' Newsletter. - Trieste : Università degli studi di Trieste. - 1591-4127. ; 1:18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deliberate practice (Ericsson 2007) is a type of focused, goal-oriented practice that is part of the process of developing expertise. A less explored area in interpreting research, deliberate practice is a construct that is not easily investigated using an experimental research design.This article reports on in-depth interviews with three interpreters. By exploring their background, training, views on interpreting, and perceptions of core areas of deliberate practice (such as practice, setting clear goals and being open to feedback), an impression of their practice habits emerges. The article concludes that deliberate practice as defined by Ericsson is not consciously employed by these interpreters. Some of the implications of these findings for the application of expertise theory in interpreting are outlined in the discussion.
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| 24. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
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Exploring cognitive aspects of competence in signed language interpreting : First impressions
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Hermes - Journal of Language and Communication Studies. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 0904-1699 .- 1903-1785. ; :57, s. 49-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sign language interpreting of dialogues shares many features with the interpreting of dialogues between non-signed languages. We argue that from a cognitive perspective in dialogue interpreting, despite some differences between the two types of interpreting, sign language interpreters use many of the same processes and handle similar challenges as interpreters between non-signed languages. We report on a first exploration of process differences in sign language interpreting between three novice and three experienced Swedish Sign Language interpreters. The informants all interpreted the same dialogue and made a retrospection of their interpreting immediately after the task. Retrospections were analyzed using tools for identifying reported processing problems, instances of monitoring, and strategy use (see Ivanova 1999). Furthermore, the interpreting products (both into Swedish Sign Language and into Swedish) and their differences were qualitatively analyzed. The results indicate that there are differences between the two groups, both in terms of the retrospective reports and in terms of the interpreting product. As expected, monitoring seems to be a factor determined by experience. The experienced interpreters seemed to have more efficient ways of handling turn taking and the internalization of new vocabulary. The study also concludes that to use instruments devised for simultaneous conference interpreting (Ivanova 1999; Tiselius 2013), the instruments need to be adapted to the dialogue setting, even though in the case of sign language interpreting the simultaneous interpreting technique is used even in dialogue interpreting.
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| 25. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
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Exploring different methods for studying expertise
- 2008
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Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of the 49th Annual Conference of the American Translators Association.</em><em></em>. - Alexandria : ATA. - 0914175319 ; , s. 119-148
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper is based on a study aiming at testing the practicability of two methods and their possible applicability for investigating expertise in simultaneous interpretation. The two methods being Ivanova’s (ref. 1) method for investigating processing problems and their corresponding strategies as well as monitoring, and Carroll’s (ref. 2) method for measuring the quality in machine translation as compared with human translation. The methods were adapted to the context of the study.
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| 26. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
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Hva trenger tolkestudenten for å lære?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Fleks: Scandinavian Journal of Intercultural Theory and Practice. - : OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University. - 1894-5988. ; 2:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Students of public service interpreting come from a variety of backgrounds. A typical groupof interpreting students includes a mix of students from different immigrant communitiesand from Norway’s majority population group, as well as students from varied educationalbackgrounds. Students have also had varying private and professional experiences withinterpreting. This heterogeneity represents a challenge for teachers attempting to create alevel playing field for all students, but it is also an asset for students, for instance because itcreates communities of learning (Bielaczyc and Collins 1999). Furthermore, in theinterpreter training field there is a lively methodological and didactic discussion, often withevidence-based pedagogical papers (Napier 2013). There are, however, fewer publicationson general pedagogical approaches to interpreter training (Sawyer 2004 and Gile 2009being important exceptions). This article looks at interpreter training in Norway anddiscusses the pedagogical approach it represents. The aim is to suggest how a level playingfield in interpreter training can be created from a pedagogical and methodologicalperspective using common higher education methodologies such as critical incidenttechnique (Chell 2004), constructive alignment (Biggs 2003) and experiential learning (Kolb1984), several of which are already in use in interpreter training in Norway.
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| 27. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
Informed Consent : an overlooked part of ethical research in Interpreting Studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: InContext. - : Korean Association for Public Translation and Interpretation. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the concept of informed consent in interpreting studies. Informed consent implies that a person must be given enough information to be able to consent to participate voluntarily in a research project. The article first gives an overview and background of the origins of informed consent, and its place in ethical research. The article then points to different areas where informed consent in interpreting studies may be delicate, and what to think about in order to obtain truly informed consent; examples are given from different research studies. The article also discusses the research participants’ right to their data and what happens when informed consent is revoked. I argue in the article that research students should be taught and trained in truly informed consent, and that the informed consent process should be piloted before the initiation of a study.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
L’interprète de secteur public en Suède
- 2020
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Ingår i: Traduction et migration. - Paris : Presses de l'Inalco. - 9782858313310 ; , s. 309-324
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Le rôle de l’interprète du secteur public est compris différemment dans les pays nordiques et par exemple en France. Dans les pays nordiques, la tâche de l’interprète est vue comme bi-partiale c’est à dire que l’interprète se tient à égale distance des parties en présence (Skaaden, 2016). Dans cet article, le rôle, la formation, le marché et la législation concernant l’interprète de secteur public en Suède sont présentés. Nous partons de l’idée lancée par Wadensjö (1998) que tous les locuteurs, l’interprète inclus, co-construisent la signification du message via l’interaction. La législation qui gouverne les services de l’interprétation part du principe de base que les deux parties en présence doivent se comprendre lors de leur rencontre, le fonctionnaire a autant besoin d’un interprète que l’immigré s’ils ne maîtrisent pas la même langue. L’auteure souligne aussi qu’il n’y pas de contradiction entre le recours à un interprète et l’apprentissage de la langue.
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| 32. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
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Maktforhold i tolk-medierte institusjonelle samtaler
- 2013
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Ingår i: Impuls. - 0801-2911. ; :3, s. 35-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De fleste tolk-medierte samtaler in Norge foregår innenfor noen typ av institusjon f eks introduksjonssenter, skole, helsestasjon, sykehus, domstol, politi og så videre. De tolk-mediere samtalen er altså en institusjonell samtale. Tolking i institusjonelle samtaler er ikke bare et hjelpemiddel for gjensidig forståelse, oljen som smørjer låsen så at nøkkelen fungerer, det er også ytterligere et filter på kommunikasjonen. Det finnes flere utfordringer for deltakerne i et tolket samtal for å få samtalen å fungere. Det er ikke bare tolkens ansvar att kommunikasjonen i en tolk-mediert samtale fungerer, det er også tolkebrukernes.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
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Modeller för processer i tolkning
- 2018
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Ingår i: Tolking. - Oslo : Gyldendal Akademisk. - 9788205495289 ; , s. 38-60
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I detta kapitel beskrivs ett antal modeller för att analysera, illustrera och förklara tolkning. I det här kapitlet vill jag skapa förståelse för vad modeller i tolkning beskriver samt för hur deras teoretiska utgångspunkter kan påverka den beskrivningen. Modellerna är valda för att de fått stort genomslag både inom tolkforskning och tolkutbildning. Några är testade empiriskt, andra är utvecklade ur ett empiriskt datamaterial och ytterligare andra är utvecklade ur observationer och erfarenheter från lärare och forskare. Förhoppningen att läsaren får olika instrument att se på och analysera sin egen tolkning.
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| 35. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Monitoring in dialogue interpreting : cognitive and didactic perspectives
- 2023
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Ingår i: Routledge Handbook of Public Service Interpreting. - London : Routledge. - 9780367278427 - 9780429298202 ; , s. 309-324
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter introduces the concept of monitoring in dialogue interpreting, and argues that it is central to understanding and learning dialogue interpreting. The chapter first outlines the epistemological and theoretical foundations of monitoring with a discussion of the distinctions between translation acts and translation events, proposed and discussed by Toury (2012), Chesterman (2015), and Muñoz (2016). Monitoring is then shortly discussed within the framework of distributed cognition. In the chapter, different theories of monitoring from Translation Studies, Speech Studies and theories of interaction, are explored, namely, Toury (1995/2012), Levelt (1983), Laver (1980), and Goodwin (1980). We discuss the monitoring concepts, exemplifying them with our own research data. We propose an understanding of monitoring as a cognitive process in dialogue interpreting, arguing that six different (sub)processes are monitored. We go through results from studies relating to monitoring in dialogue interpreting, and we also make the connection between monitoring and coordination clear. Finally, we argue that teaching students the concept of monitoring will contribute to developing their meta-cognitive awareness, which will be applied to the interpreting task. We end our chapter by giving examples of how monitoring can be taught in interpreting training.
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| 36. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Process and product in simultaneous interpreting : What they tell us about experience and expertise
- 2011
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Ingår i: Methods and Strategies of Process Reserach. - Amsterdam and Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 9789027224422 ; , s. 269-300
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expertise approach (Ericsson 2008) has been used to explore the competence of translators and interpreters since the mid-1990s, and is now a well established sub-field in translation and interpreting process research (Jääskeläinen 2010). In the area of interpreting, Ivanova (1999), Liu (2001) and others have explored the expertise approach. The studies reported in this article follow up on this work, but go one step further and investigate both process and product. The aim of the two studies was to explore the differences in performance between interpreters with shorter and longer experience (possible experts). Participants (n = 9) with no, short or long experience interpreted the same speech and performed retrospection immediately after. The first study, dedicated to process, used Ivanova’s (1999) method for investigating the process. The second study, on product, let two groups, non-interpreters (n = 6) and interpreters (n = 6), rate the interpreting performances using Carroll’s (1966) scales for intelligibility and informativeness. It was found that the degree of experience influences the processing strategies used by interpreters and the types of problems they report. Experience also has an impact on how the product of experienced interpreters and that of less experienced interpreters is rated, both when rated by interpreters and by non-interpreters.
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| 37. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
Revisiting Carroll's Scales
- 2009
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Ingår i: Testing and Assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 9789027231901 - 9789027289025 ; , s. 95-121
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This pilot study describes the assessment of interpreting with an application of the scales originally devised by Carroll (1966) for machine translation. Study participants (interpreters, n=6; non-interpreters, n=6) use Carroll’s scales to grade interpreted renditions (n=9) in simultaneous mode by conference interpreters with three different levels of experience. Grading was conducted using transcripts of the interpreted renditions. Although the numbers of graders and graded renditions were small, the data indicates that interpreters and laypeople agree on the grading of intelligibility and informativeness in interpreted renditions.
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| 38. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
Swedish interpreter professions : How legislation and public institutions contribute to creation and disruption of work, remuneration and education
- 2022
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Ingår i: Translator (Manchester). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1355-6509 .- 1757-0409. ; 28:2, s. 178-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores how the interpreter professions in Sweden have been forged through different types of legislation and public actions. The study covers the period from 1971 to 2018 and investigates different public documents such as laws, bills, and special investigations in order to trace the development of the three interpreter professions, public service interpreting, sign language interpreting and conference interpreting. Document analysis and content analysis are used to frame how the term interpreter is conceptualised and used. Newspaper corpora and archives are used to explore how different types of interpreters are covered in media. Furthermore, the use, provision, remuneration, and education of interpreters in Sweden are investigated through the same documents. The study concludes that in a number of cases direct links can be found between the development of the profession and special investigations and legislation.
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| 39. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Testing the working memory capacity of dialogue interpreters
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Across Languages and Cultures. - 1585-1923 .- 1588-2519. ; 24:2, s. 163-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allocation and management of working memory resources are crucial for successful interpreting. A number of studies have found clear indications that simultaneous interpreters have larger working memory capacity, at least in some areas, than other bilinguals. To date, no studies have focused on the working memory of dialogue interpreters. The study reported in this paper investigated the main differences and similarities in working memory between experienced and inexperienced dialogue interpreters when it comes to central executive functions. We also compared experienced dialogue interpreters to experienced simultaneous conference interpreters. Fifteen dialogue interpreters with two working languages, Swedish and either French, Polish or Spanish, participated in the following working memory tests: tests for updating (2-back), inhibition (arrow flanker), attention-sharing, storage and processing (Barrouillet, letter span, matrix span, operation span). We found no significant differences between the experienced and inexperienced dialogue interpreters, and there were significant differences between the experienced dialogue interpreters and a comparison group of experienced simultaneous conference interpreters (n = 28). Although the number of participants is small, the study may serve as a baseline for future work on the cognition of dialogue interpreting.
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| 40. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
The development of expertise – or not : Three simultaneous interpreters' development over time
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article, the performance of three simultaneous interpreters is studied. Excerpts of their performance at interpreting training and today are studied. Furthermore, their present day performance is compared with other experienced interpreters. It is assumed that the three interpreters may be possible experts according to the expertise theory (Ericsson, Charness & Hoffman 2007). However, the results in this study indicate that their development over time may not support the assumption that they are experts in the strictest sense of the theory.
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| 41. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
The (un-) ethical interpreting researcher : ethics, voice and discretionary power in interpreting research
- 2019
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Ingår i: Perspectives. - 0907-676X .- 1747-6623. ; 27:5, s. 747-760
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses different aspects of research ethics, the researcher’s voice and discretionary power in interpreting studies. Research ethics is laid down in international conventions, which in turn are reflected in national regulations and ethical vetting. Discretionary power is understood as the leeway for making conscientious decisions within the rules and regulations governing a certain field. Although research ethics in interpreting has as yet received little scholarly attention, it is important that the field discusses aspects such as informed consent and the collection, analysis and reporting of data. This article uses three case studies to discuss how researchers can handle such ethical issues. Interpreting researchers often are or have been active interpreters, and this is yet another potential challenge for the field. Such duality potentially means that the researcher needs to navigate two ethical systems, that of the interpreter and that of the researcher – systems that may come into conflict with each other. It may also entail the risk of the researcher’s voice taking over the participants’ narrative.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-
(författare)
-
Tolkar vi med kroppen eller med knoppen? : Om förkroppsligad kognition i dialogtolkningens pas de trois
- 2022
-
Ingår i: <em>Tango för tre</em>. - Stockholm : Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, Institutionen för svenska och flerspråkighet, Stockholms universitet. - 9789198364705 ; , s. 28-37
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article discusses embodied cognition in dialogue interpreting. In the article, I adopt Muñoz Martín’s (2017) 4EA understanding of processes in interpreting as 1) embodied, 2) embedded, 3) enactive, 4) extended, and 5) affective. I argue that embodied cognition can be studied through the interpreter use of turn-taking and body language, among other things. I show through three examples how embodied cognition can be studied through gestures and gaze. The embodied cognition approach can be used as a tool to understand the co-construction of meaning (Wadensjö 1992) in an interpreter mediated talk.
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| 44. |
- Tiselius, Elisabet, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Turn-taking in dialogue interpreting : Coping with cognitive constraints
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cognitive Linguistic Studies. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 2213-8722 .- 2213-8730. ; 8:2, s. 328-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study addresses cognitive aspects of turn-taking and the role of experience in dialogue interpreting, by investigating the temporal and textual properties of the coupled turn (i.e. the original utterance and its interpretation). A comparison was made using a video-recorded scripted role-play between eight interpreters, with Swedish-French or Swedish-Spanish as working languages and with different levels of experience. Cognitively challenging long stretches of talk were introduced in both directions of the working languages and analyzed with a multi-modal approach. We identified a number of quantitative measures, such as the number of coupled turns and the time used. Furthermore, we qualitatively analyzed the types of renditions. The findings suggest that the mean length of time of the coupled turn, which we label processing span, is a measure that is not primarily related to interpreting experience but rather reflects the constraints of the interpreter’s working memory. A further finding is that the inexperienced interpreters have a higher percentage of reduced renditions than the experienced interpreters, and this difference is statistically significant.
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| 45. |
- Urdal, Gro Hege Saltnes, et al.
(författare)
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Educators of deaf and hearing interpreting students as agents of change : challenging the curriculum
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Interpreter and Translator Trainer. - 1750-399X .- 1757-0417. ; 18:3, s. 364-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educational systems change in top-down and bottom-up processes. One example is when authorities introduce a new curriculum, but it can also be changed by agents active in the system. In education, agents of change include educators, students and institutions. In this article, we explore the narratives of educators (n = 4) in the bachelor’s programme for signed language interpreter education (both deaf and hearing students) at Humak University of Applied Sciences in Helsinki, Finland. Data were collected through interviews conducted in 2016. We used content analysis and the theory of agency as a framework for analysis. Here, agency is understood as threefold building on the past, present and future. We explore the different dimensions of becoming an agent of change, being an agent of change and being an agent in a changing field. We find that within the context of this sign language interpreting programme, educators’ previous experiences, intercultural competence and ideas about the future contribute to changes in the curriculum and possibly to social change.
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