| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 96:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Khatri, C, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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| 9. |
- Mishra, A., et al.
(författare)
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Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 611, s. 115-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry(1,2). Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis(3), and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach(4), we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry(5). Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries.
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| 10. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Weinstock, Joshua S, et al.
(författare)
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Aberrant activation of TCL1A promotes stem cell expansion in clonal haematopoiesis.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 616:7958, s. 755-763
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in a diverse set of driver genes increase the fitness of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), leading to clonal haematopoiesis1. These lesions are precursors for blood cancers2-6, but the basis of their fitness advantage remains largely unknown, partly owing to a paucity of large cohorts in which the clonal expansion rate has been assessed by longitudinal sampling. Here, to circumvent this limitation, we developed a method to infer the expansion rate from data from a single time point. We applied this method to 5,071 people with clonal haematopoiesis. A genome-wide association study revealed that a common inherited polymorphism in the TCL1A promoter was associated with a slower expansion rate in clonal haematopoiesis overall, but the effect varied by driver gene. Those carrying this protective allele exhibited markedly reduced growth rates or prevalence of clones with driver mutations in TET2, ASXL1, SF3B1 and SRSF2, butthis effect was not seen inclones withdriver mutations in DNMT3A. TCL1A was not expressed in normal or DNMT3A-mutated HSCs, but the introduction of mutations in TET2 or ASXL1 led to the expression of TCL1A protein and the expansion of HSCs in vitro. The protective allele restricted TCL1A expression and expansion of mutant HSCs, as did experimentalknockdown of TCL1A expression. Forced expression of TCL1A promoted the expansion of human HSCs in vitro and mouse HSCs in vivo. Our results indicate that the fitness advantage of several commonly mutated driver genes in clonal haematopoiesis may be mediated by TCL1A activation.
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| 14. |
- Kukkonen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of the Environmental and Health Impacts of Shipping Emissions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Springer Proceedings in Complexity. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2213-8684 .- 2213-8692. ; , s. 329-336
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new concept for marine research, applied in the EU-funded project EMERGE, “Evaluation, control and Mitigation of the EnviRonmental impacts of shippinG Emissions” (2020–2024; https://emerge-h2020.eu/ ). For the first time, both the various marine and atmospheric impacts of the shipping sector have been and will be comprehensively analyzed, using a concerted modelling and measurements framework. The experimental part of the project focuses on five European geographical case studies in different ecologically vulnerable regions, and a mobile onboard case study. The EMERGE consortium has also developed a harmonised and integrated modelling framework to assess the combined impacts of shipping emissions, both (i) on the marine ecosystems and (ii) the atmospheric environment. The first results include substantial refinements of a range of models to be applied, especially those for the STEAM and OpenDrift models. In particular, the STEAM (Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model) model has been extended to allow for the effects of atmospheric and oceanographic factors on the fuel consumption and emissions of the ships. The OpenDrift model has been improved to take into account the partitioning, degradation, and volatilization of pollutants in water. The predicted emission and discharge values have been used as input for both regional scale atmospheric dispersion models, such as WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting—Community Multiscale Air Quality Model) and SILAM (System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric composition), and water quality and circulation models, such as OpenDrift (Open source model for the drifting of substances in the ocean) and Delft3D (oceanographic model). The case study regions are Eastern Mediterranean, Northern Adriatic Sea, the Lagoon of Aveiro, the Solent Strait and the Öresund Strait. We have also conducted a substantial part of the experimental campaigns scheduled in the project. The final assessment will include the benefits and costs of control and mitigation options affecting water quality, air pollution exposure, health impacts, climate forcing, and ecotoxicological effects and bioaccumulation of pollutants in marine biota.
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| 15. |
- Wedemeyer, S., et al.
(författare)
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Solar Science with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array-A New View of Our Sun
- 2016
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 200:1-4, s. 1-73
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is a new powerful tool for observing the Sun at high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution. These capabilities can address a broad range of fundamental scientific questions in solar physics. The radiation observed by ALMA originates mostly from the chromosphere-a complex and dynamic region between the photosphere and corona, which plays a crucial role in the transport of energy and matter and, ultimately, the heating of the outer layers of the solar atmosphere. Based on first solar test observations, strategies for regular solar campaigns are currently being developed. State-of-the-art numerical simulations of the solar atmosphere and modeling of instrumental effects can help constrain and optimize future observing modes for ALMA. Here we present a short technical description of ALMA and an overview of past efforts and future possibilities for solar observations at submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths. In addition, selected numerical simulations and observations at other wavelengths demonstrate ALMA's scientific potential for studying the Sun for a large range of science cases.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Wedemeyer, S., et al.
(författare)
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SSALMON - The Solar Simulations for the Atacama Large Millimeter Observatory Network
- 2015
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1948 .- 0273-1177. ; 56:12, s. 2679-2692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Solar Simulations for the Atacama Large Millimeter Observatory Network (SSALMON) was initiated in 2014 in connection with two ALMA development studies. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is a powerful new tool, which can also observe the Sun at high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution. The international SSALMONetwork aims at co-ordinating the further development of solar observing modes for ALMA and at promoting scientific opportunities for solar physics with particular focus on numerical simulations, which can provide important constraints for the observing modes and can aid the interpretation of future observations. The radiation detected by ALMA originates mostly in the solar chromosphere - a complex and dynamic layer between the photosphere and corona, which plays an important role in the transport of energy and matter and the heating of the outer layers of the solar atmosphere. Potential targets include active regions, prominences, quiet Sun regions, flares. Here, we give a brief overview over the network and potential science cases for future solar observations with ALMA.
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| 18. |
- Cole, J. W., et al.
(författare)
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The copy number variation and stroke (CaNVAS) risk and outcome study
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:4 April
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose The role of copy number variation (CNV) variation in stroke susceptibility and outcome has yet to be explored. The Copy Number Variation and Stroke (CaNVAS) Risk and Outcome study addresses this knowledge gap. Methods Over 24,500 well-phenotyped IS cases, including IS subtypes, and over 43,500 controls have been identified, all with readily available genotyping on GWAS and exome arrays, with case measures of stroke outcome. To evaluate CNV-associated stroke risk and stroke outcome it is planned to: 1) perform Risk Discovery using several analytic approaches to identify CNVs that are associated with the risk of IS and its subtypes, across the age-, sex- and ethnicity-spectrums; 2) perform Risk Replication and Extension to determine whether the identified stroke-associated CNVs replicate in other ethnically diverse datasets and use biomarker data (e.g. methylation, proteomic, RNA, miRNA, etc.) to evaluate how the identified CNVs exert their effects on stroke risk, and lastly; 3) perform outcome-based Replication and Extension analyses of recent findings demonstrating an inverse relationship between CNV burden and stroke outcome at 3 months (mRS), and then determine the key CNV drivers responsible for these associations using existing biomarker data. Results The results of an initial CNV evaluation of 50 samples from each participating dataset are presented demonstrating that the existing GWAS and exome chip data are excellent for the planned CNV analyses. Further, some samples will require additional considerations for analysis, however such samples can readily be identified, as demonstrated by a sample demonstrating clonal mosaicism. Conclusion The CaNVAS study will cost-effectively leverage the numerous advantages of using existing case-control data sets, exploring the relationships between CNV and IS and its subtypes, and outcome at 3 months, in both men and women, in those of African and European-Caucasian descent, this, across the entire adult-age spectrum. Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
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| 19. |
- Dutta, Tanmoy, 1998, et al.
(författare)
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Prolonged Inflammation and Infectious Changes in the Corneal Epithelium Are Associated with Persistent Epithelial Defect (PED)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pathogens. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-0817. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Failure of rapid re-epithelialization within 10-14 days after corneal injury, even with standard supportive treatment, is referred to as persistent corneal epithelial (CE) defect (PED). Though an array of genes regulates reepithelization, their mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to understand the network of genes driving the re-epithelialization in PED. Method: After obtaining informed consent, patients underwent an ophthalmic examination. Epithelial scrapes and tears samples of six PED patients and six individuals (control) undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) were collected. RNA isolation and quantification were performed using either the epithelial scrape taken from PED patients or from HCLE cells treated with control tears or tears of PED patients. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of a few important genes in CE homeostasis, inflammation, and cell-cell communication, viz., Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), GPX4, IL6, TNF alpha, STING, IL8, desmoglein, and E-cadherin, among others. Their expressions were normalized with their respective housekeeping genes and fold changes were recorded. KLF4 localization and MMPs activity was carried out via immunofluorescence and zymography, respectively. Results: KLF4, a transcription factor important for CE homeostasis, was upregulated in tears-treated HCLE cells and downregulated in PED patients compared to the healthy PRK group. Cell-cell communication genes were also upregulated in tears-treated cells, whereas they were downregulated in the PED tissue group. Genes involved in proinflammation (IL6, 282-fold; TNF alpha, 43-fold; IL8, 4.2-fold) were highly upregulated in both conditions. MMP9 activity increased upon tears treatment. Conclusions: This study suggests that tears create an acute proinflammatory milieu driving the PED disease pathology, whereas the PED patients scrapes are an indicator of the chronic stage of the disease. Interferons, pro-inflammatory genes, and their pathways are involved in PED, which can be a potential target for inducing epithelialization of the cornea.
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| 20. |
- Jacob, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Hunting for the elusive methylene radical
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The NKaKc = 404-313 transitions of ortho-CH2 between 68 and 71 GHz were first detected toward the Orion-KL and W51 Main star-forming regions. Given their high upper level energies (225 K) above the ground state, they were naturally thought to arise in dense, hot molecular cores near newly formed stars. However, this has not been confirmed by further observations of these lines and their origin has remained unclear. Generally, there is a scarcity of observational data for CH2 and, while it is an important compound in the astrochemical context, its actual occurrence in astronomical sources is poorly constrained. Aims. In this work, we aim to investigate the nature of the elusive CH2 emission, address its association with hot cores, and examine alternative possibilities for its origin. Owing to its importance in carbon chemistry, we also extend the search for CH2 lines by observing an assortment of regions, guided by the hypothesis that the observed CH2 emission is likely to arise from the hot gas environment of photodissociation regions (PDRs). Methods. We carried out our observations first using the Kitt Peak 12 m telescope to verify the original detection of CH2 toward different positions in the central region of the Orion Molecular Cloud 1. These were followed-up by deep integrations using the higher angular resolution of the Onsala 20 m telescope. We also searched for the NKaKc = 212-303 transitions of para-CH2 between 440-445 GHz toward the Orion giant molecular cloud complex using the APEX 12 m telescope. We also obtained auxiliary data for carbon recombination lines with the Effelsberg 100 m telescope and employing archival far infrared data. Results. The present study, along with other recent observations of the Orion region reported here, rule out the possibility of an association with gas that is both hot and dense. We find that the distribution of the CH2 emission closely follows that of the [CII] 158 μm emission, while CH2 is undetected toward the hot core itself. The observations suggest, rather, that its extended emission arises from hot but dilute layers of PDRs and not from the denser parts of such regions as in the case of the Orion Bar. This hypothesis was corroborated by comparisons of the observed CH2 line profiles with those of carbon radio recombination lines (CRRLs), which are well-known PDR tracers. In addition, we report the detection of the 70 GHz fine- and hyperfine structure components of ortho-CH2 toward the W51 E, W51 M, W51 N, W49 N, W43, W75 N, DR21, and S140 star-forming regions, and three of the NKaKc = 404-313 fine- and hyperfine structure transitions between 68-71 GHz toward W3 IRS5. While we have no information on the spatial distribution of CH2 in these regions, aside from that in W51, we again see a correspondence between the profiles of CH2 lines and those of CRRLs. We see a stronger CH2 emission toward the extended HII region W51 M rather than toward the much more massive and denser W51 E and N regions, which strongly supports the origin of CH2 in extended dilute gas. We also report the non-detection of the 212-303 transitions of para-CH2 toward Orion. Furthermore, using a non-LTE radiative transfer analysis, we can constrain the gas temperatures and H2 density to (163 ± 26) K and (3.4 ± 0.3) × 103 cm-3, respectively, for the 68-71 GHz ortho-CH2 transitions toward W3 IRS5, for which we have a data set of the highest quality. This analysis confirms our hypothesis that CH2 originates inwarm and dilute PDR layers. Our analysis suggests that for the excitation conditions under the physical conditions that prevail in such an environment, these lines are masering, with weak level inversion. The resulting amplification of the lines' spontaneousemission greatly aids in their detection.
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| 21. |
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| 23. |
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| 26. |
- Karimian, N, et al.
(författare)
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On/off-switchable electrochemical sensor for folicacid based on molecularly imprinted technology.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Electrochemistry communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-2481 .- 1873-1902. ; 36, s. 92-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combination of smart polymers with molecular imprinting offers a powerful tool to design more effective sensors and medical devices. In this study, a temperature sensitive amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) block with (N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide) cross-linker along with o-phenylenediamine was electropolymerised on a gold electrode in the presence of folic acid (FA) as template to produce an on/off-switchable molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) affinity sensor for folic acid. Differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterise the FA-imprinted layer. Incubation of the MIP-modified electrode with FA resulted in a suppression of the ferro/ferricyanide redox process. The highest sensitivity of this temperature gated on/off-switchable folic acid sensor was achieved at 22 °C. Such switchable affinity materials offer considerable potential for the design of highly selective and controllable biosensors and immunoassays.
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| 27. |
- Karimiana, Naymeh, et al.
(författare)
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On/off-switchable folic acid sensor using molecularly imprinted smart polymer electrode
- 2014
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Ingår i: 24<sup>th</sup>Anniversary World Congress on Biosensors – Biosensors 2014. - : Elsevier.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recently, much attention has been focused on the development of controlled switchable surfaces, also known as “smart surfaces”, which switch their physicochemical properties in response to external stimuli [1]. Switching of a surface based on temperature can be realised using thermo-sensitive polymers, which undergo a phase transition at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), where their behavior switches between hydrophobic and hydrophilic [2]. LCST modulation can be achieved by copolymerisation with other monomers in order to produce a LCST close to physiological temperature. Thus, it could be useful in controllable, temperature-responsive bio-switches for biomedical and biotechnology applications [3]. The combination of smart polymers with molecular imprinting offers a powerful tool to design more effective sensors and medical devices. In this study, a temperature sensitive amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) block with (N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide) cross-linker along with o-phenylenediamine was electropolymerised on a gold electrode in the presence of folic acid (FA) as template to produce an on/off-switchable molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) affinity sensor for folic acid. Differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterise the FA-imprinted layer. Incubation of the MIP-modified electrode with FA resulted in a suppression of the ferro/ferricyanide redox process. The highest sensitivity of this temperature gated on/off-switchable folic acid sensor was achieved at 22 ºC. Such switchable affinity materials offer considerable potential for the design of highly selective and controllable biosensors and immunoassays.
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| 28. |
- Lai, Chao-Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Carbohydrate and fat intake associated with risk of metabolic diseases through epigenetics of CPT1A
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 112:5, s. 1200-1211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epigenome-wide association studies identified the cg00574958 DNA methylation site at the carnitinc palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1A) gene to be associated with reduced risk of metabolic diseases (hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome). but the mechanism underlying these associations is unknown. Objectives: We aimed to elucidate whether carbohydrate and fat intakes modulate cg00574958 methylation and the risk of metabolic diseases. Methods: We examined associations between carbohydrate (CHO) and fat (FAT) intake, as percentages of total diet energy, and the CHO/FAT ratio with CPT1A-cg00574958, and the risk of metabolic diseases in 3 populations (Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network. n = 978; Framingham Heart Study. n = 2331: and REgistre GIroni del COR study, n = 645) while adjusting for confounding factors. To understand possible causal effects of dietary intake on the risk of metabolic diseases, we performed metaanalysis, CPT1A transcription analysis, and mediation analysis with CHO and FAT intakes as exposures and cg00574958 methylation as the mediator. Results: We confirmed strong associations of cg00574958 methylation with metabolic phenotypes (BMI, triglyceride, glucose) and diseases in all 3 populations. Our results showed that CHO intake and CHO/FAT ratio were positively associated with cg00574958 methylation. whereas FAT intake was negatively correlated with cg00574958 methylation. Meta-analysis further confirmed this strong correlation, with beta = 58.4 +/- 7.27, P = 8.98 x 10(-16) for CHO intake; beta = -36.4 +/- 5.95. P = 9.96 x 10(-10) for FAT intake; and beta = 3.30 +/- 0.49. P = 1.48 x 10(-11) for the CHO/FAT ratio. Furthermore, CPT1A mRNA expression was negatively associated with CHO intake, and positively associated with FAT intake, and metabolic phenotypes. Mediation analysis supports the hypothesis that CHO intake induces CPT1A methylation, hence reducing the risk of metabolic diseases, whereas FAT intake inhibits CPT1A methylation, thereby increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the proportion of total energy supplied by CHO and FAT can have a causal effect on the risk of metabolic diseases via the epigenetic status of CPT1A.
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| 29. |
- Pramanik, P., et al.
(författare)
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Cationic distribution, exchange interactions, and relaxation dynamics in Zn-diluted MnCo2O4 nanostructures
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 125:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report an experimental investigation of the electronic structure and magnetic properties of bulk and nanosized MnCo2O4 diluted with Zn. The cationic distribution for tetrahedral A-site dilution is (Co1-yA2+ZnyA2+)(A)[Mn3+Co3+](B)O-4 +/-delta, whereas B-site dilution results in (Co2+)(A)[Mn1-xB3+ZnxB2+Co3+](B)O4-delta. The strength of exchange interaction J(ij) between the magnetic ions in a bulk spinel lattice decreases by similar to 15% for A-site dilution relative to the undiluted compound; however, B-site dilution results in an enhancement in J(ij) by 17%. The frequency and temperature dependence of dynamic-susceptibility [chi(ac)(f, T)] studies of nanostructured compounds reveals the existence of spin-glass like behavior below the freezing temperature T-F similar to 125.7 K (for x(B) = 0.2) and 154.3 K (y(A) = 0.1). Relaxation time tau follows the Power-Law variation with a dynamical critical exponent zv = 6.17 and microscopic spin relaxation time tau(o) = 4.4 x 10(-15) s for x(B) = 0.2 (for y(A) = 0.1, zv = 5.2 and tau(o) = 5.4 x 10(-13) s). The amplitude and peak position in chi(ac)(T) decreases with an increase in the DC bias field, which indicates that the spin-glass phase can survive in the presence of low fields forming a critical line with an exponent 2/3. This behavior is similar to the de Almeida-Thouless (AT-line) analysis in the T-H phase diagram which supports the existence of spin-glass like behavior below T-F in these Zn diluted spinels.
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| 30. |
- Tiwari, S., et al.
(författare)
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Design considerations and laboratory testing of power circuits for parallel operation of silicon carbide MOSFETs
- 2015
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Ingår i: 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE-ECCE Europe 2015, Geneva, Switzerland, 8-10 September. - 9789075815221
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the impact of using parallel SiC MOSFETs as the switching device is investigated. Measurement considerations for a double pulse test are discussed, and the influence of the load inductor characteristic and the voltage measurement technique on the measurement results is demonstrated. It is shown that the inductor load can produce high frequency oscillations of up to 10 % of the load current in the switching current, which can wrongly be associated with the switching device. It is also shown that the standard earth connection of passive voltage probes can induce an extra stray inductance in the measurement loop, which can lead to a measurement of an extra overvoltage of up to 50 V, which is not due to the actual switching. Moreover, the dependency of turn-on and turn-off losses on the load current and the dc-link voltage is presented. It is shown that doubling the load current would increase the switching losses more than the double amount. Therefore, use of two parallel MOSFETs instead of a single one would decrease the total switching losses for a given load current. On the other hand, the parallel configuration is shown to have a higher overvoltage than one single MOSFET for a similar load current. This, however, can be reduced by a higher gate resistance which will eventually keep the total switching loss of parallel configuration equal to the single MOSFET configuration for a given load current. Finally, it is also shown that switching losses can be greatly decreased by decreasing the gate resistance, but this leads to a higher overvoltage on the device. Therefore, the final choice for design is a compromise between the switching losses and the overvoltage.
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| 31. |
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| 33. |
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Advanced Sensor and Detection Materials
- 2014
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of sensors at macroscopic or nanometric scales in solid, liquid, or gas phases, contact or noncontact configurations, has driven the research of sensor & detection materials and technology into high gear. The emphasis on detection techniques requires the use of spin crossover organic, inorganic and composite materials and methods that could be unique for sensors fabrication. The influence of length, composition and conformation structure of materials on their properties and the possibilities to adjust sensing properties by doping or adding the side-groups are the starting point of multifarious sensing. The role of inter-molecular interactions, polymer and ordered phases formation, as well as the behavior under pressure, magnetic and electric fields are also important facts for processing of ultra-sensing materials. Advanced Sensor and Detection Materials highlights the key features that aid the design of new sensor and detection materials for a multitude of sensor and detection devices. The senior contributors write on the follow topics:Construction of nanostructuresThe role of the shape in the design of new nanoparticlesAdvances in sensors’ nanotechnologyMolecularly imprinted polymer for enantioselective sensing devicesFerrites for high frequency applicationsMesoporous Silica: Making “Sense” of SensorsPorous TiO2-Au/Ag materialsFerroelectronic glass-ceramicsNASICON: Synthesis, structure and electrical characterisationHeavy clay products qualityIonic liquidsDendrimers and hyperbranched polymersTheoretical investigation of superconducting state parametersMicroscopic polarization and thermal conductivity of binary Wurtzite nitridesExperiments techniques and theoretical background to study materialsThe book is written for readers from diverse backgrounds across chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering, medical science, pharmacy, biotechnology, and biomedical engineering. It offers a comprehensive view of cutting-edge research on advanced materials for sensor and detection technology and applications.
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| 34. |
- Aksoy, Omer M., et al.
(författare)
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Single monkey-saddle singularity of a Fermi surface and its instabilities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 107:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fermi surfaces can undergo sharp transitions under smooth changes of parameters. Such transitions can have a topological character, as is the case when a higher-order singularity, one that requires cubic or higher-order terms to describe the electronic dispersion near the singularity, develops at the transition. When time-reversal and inversion symmetries are present, odd singularities can only appear in pairs within the Brillouin zone. In this case, the combination of the enhanced density of states that accompanies these singularities and the nesting between the pairs of singularities leads to interaction-driven instabilities. We present examples of single n = 3 (monkeysaddle) singularities when time-reversal and inversion symmetries are broken. We then turn to the question of what instabilities are possible when the singularities are isolated. For spinful electrons, we find that the inclusion of repulsive interactions destroys any isolated monkey-saddle singularity present in the noninteracting spectrum by developing Stoner or Lifshitz instabilities. In contrast, for spinless electrons and at the mean-field level, we show that an isolated monkey-saddle singularity can be stabilized in the presence of short-range repulsive interactions.
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| 35. |
- Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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An Explainable Model-Agnostic Algorithm for CNN-Based Biometrics Verification
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9798350324914
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes an adaptation of the Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) AI method to operate under a biometric verification setting. LIME was initially proposed for networks with the same output classes used for training, and it employs the softmax probability to determine which regions of the image contribute the most to classification. However, in a verification setting, the classes to be recognized have not been seen during training. In addition, instead of using the softmax output, face descriptors are usually obtained from a layer before the classification layer. The model is adapted to achieve explainability via cosine similarity between feature vectors of perturbated versions of the input image. The method is showcased for face biometrics with two CNN models based on MobileNetv2 and ResNet50. © 2023 IEEE.
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| 36. |
- Ashaduzzaman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Studies on an on/off-switchable immunosensor for troponin T
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biosensors & bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5663 .- 1873-4235. ; 73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regeneration is a key goal in the design of immunosensors. In this study, we report the temperature-regulated interaction of N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm) functionalised cardiac troponin T (cTnT) with anti-cTnT. Covalently bonded PNIPAAm on an anti-cTnT bioelectrode showed on/off-switchability, regeneration capacity and temperature triggered sensitivity for cTnT. Above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), PNIPAAm provides a liphophilic microenvironment with specific volume reduction at the bioelectrode surface, making available binding space for cTnT, and facilitating analyte recognition. Computational studies provide details about the structural changes occurring at the electrode above and below the LCST. Furthermore, free energies associated with the binding of cTnT with PNIPAAm at 25 (δGcoil=-6.0Kcal/mole) and 37°C (δGglobular=-41.0kcal/mole) were calculated to elucidate the interaction and stability of the antigen-antibody complex. The responsiveness of such assemblies opens the way for miniaturised, smart immuno-technologies with 'built-in' programmable interactions of antigen-antibody upon receiving stimuli.
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| 37. |
- Bisht, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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Tethered balloon-born and ground-based measurements. of black carbon and particulate profiles within the lower troposphere during the foggy period in Delhi, India
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 573, s. 894-905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ground and vertical profiles of particulate matter (PM) were mapped as part of a pilot study using a Tethered balloon within the lower troposphere (1000 m) during the foggy episodes in the winter season of 2015-16 in New Delhi, India. Measurements of black carbon (BC) aerosol and PM <2.5 and 10 mu m (PM2.5 &PM-10 respectively) concentrations and their associated particulate optical properties along with meteorological parameters were made. The mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, BC370 (nm), and BC880 nm were observed to be 146.8 +/- 42.1, 245.4 +/- 65.4, 30.3 +/- 122, and 24.1 +/- 103 mu g m(-3), respectively. The mean value of PM2.5 was similar to 12 times higher than the annual US-EPA air quality standard. The fraction of BC in PM2.5 that contributed to absorption in the shorter visible wavelengths (BC370 nm) was-21%. Compared to clear days, the ground level mass concentrations of PM2.5 and BC370 nm particles were substantially increased (59% and 24%, respectively) during the foggy episode. The aerosol light extinction coefficient (sigma(ext)) value was much higher (mean: 610 Mm(-1)) during the lower visibility (foggy) condition. Higher concentrations of PM2.5 (89 mu g m(-3)) and longer visible wavelength absorbing BC880 am (25.7 mu g m(-3)) particles were observed up to 200 m. The BC880 nm and PM2.5 aerosol concentrations near boundary layer (1 km) were significantly higher (similar to 1.9 and 12 mu g m(-3)), respectively. The BC (i.e BCtot) aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF) values were estimated at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), surface (SFC), and atmosphere (ATM) and its resultant forcing were- 75.5 Wm(-2) at SFC indicating the cooling effect at the surface. A positive value (20.9 Wm(-2)) of BC aerosol DRF at TOA indicated the warming effect at the top of the atmosphere over the study region. The net DRF value due to BC aerosol was positive (96.4 Wm(-2)) indicating a net warming effect in the atmosphere. The contribution of fossil and biomass fuels to the observed BC aerosol DRF values was -78% and-22%, respectively. The higher mean atmospheric heating rate (2.71 K clay(-1)) by BC aerosol in the winter season would probably strengthen the temperature inversion leading to poor dispersion and affecting the formation of clouds. Serious detrimental impacts on regional climate due to the high concentrations of BC and PM (especially PM2.5) aerosol are likely based on this study and suggest the need for immediate, stringent measures to improve the regional air quality in the northern India.
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| 38. |
- Bosch, Carme, et al.
(författare)
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Source-diagnostic dual-isotope composition and optical properties of water-soluble organic carbon and elemental carbon in the South Asian outflow intercepted over the Indian Ocean
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 119:20, s. 11743-11759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dual carbon isotope signatures and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols have been investigated simultaneously for the first time in the South Asian outflow during an intensive campaign at the Maldives Climate Observatory on Hanimaadhoo (MCOH) (February and March 2012). As one component of the Cloud Aerosol Radiative Forcing Dynamics Experiment, this paper reports on the sources and the atmospheric processing of elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) as examined by a dual carbon isotope approach. The radiocarbon (C-14) data show that WSOC has a significantly higher biomass/biogenic contribution (865%) compared to EC (594%). The more C-13-enriched signature of MCOH-WSOC (-20.80.7) compared to MCOH-EC (-25.8 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand) and megacity Delhi WSOC (-24.1 +/- 0.9 parts per thousand) suggests that WSOC is significantly more affected by aging during long-range transport than EC. The C-13-C-14 signal suggests that the wintertime WSOC intercepted over the Indian Ocean largely represents aged primary biomass burning aerosols. Since light-absorbing organic carbon aerosols (Brown Carbon (BrC)) have recently been identified as potential contributors to positive radiative forcing, optical properties of WSOC were also investigated. The mass absorption cross section of WSOC (MAC(365)) was 0.5 +/- 0.2 m(2)g(-1) which is lower than what has been observed at near-source sites, indicating a net decrease of WSOC light-absorption character during long-range transport. Near-surface WSOC at MCOH accounted for similar to 1% of the total direct solar absorbance relative to EC, which is lower than the BrC absorption inferred from solar spectral observations of ambient aerosols, suggesting that a significant portion of BrC might be included in the water-insoluble portion of organic aerosols.
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| 39. |
- Dahlqvist, Johanna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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A single-nucleotide deletion in the POMP 5' UTR causes a transcriptional switch and altered epidermal proteasome distribution in KLICK genodermatosis
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 86:4, s. 596-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- KLICK syndrome is a rare autosomal-recessive skin disorder characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma, linear hyperkeratotic papules, and ichthyosiform scaling. In order to establish the genetic cause of this disorder, we collected DNA samples from eight European probands. Using high-density genome-wide SNP analysis, we identified a 1.5 Mb homozygous candidate region on chromosome 13q. Sequence analysis of the ten annotated genes in the candidate region revealed homozygosity for a single-nucleotide deletion at position c.-95 in the proteasome maturation protein (POMP) gene, in all probands. The deletion is included in POMP transcript variants with long 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) and was associated with a marked increase of these transcript variants in keratinocytes from KLICK patients. POMP is a ubiquitously expressed protein and functions as a chaperone for proteasome maturation. Immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsies from KLICK patients revealed an altered epidermal distribution of POMP, the proteasome subunit proteins alpha 7 and beta 5, and the ER stress marker CHOP. Our results suggest that KLICK syndrome is caused by a single-nucleotide deletion in the 5' UTR of POMP resulting in altered distribution of POMP in epidermis and a perturbed formation of the outermost layers of the skin. These findings imply that the proteasome has a prominent role in the terminal differentiation of human epidermis.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Imani, Roghayeh, et al.
(författare)
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Band edge engineering of TiO2@DNA nanohybrids and implications for capacitive energy storage devices.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : RSC Publishing. - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 7:23, s. 10438-10448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel mesoporous TiO2@DNA nanohybrid electrodes, combining covalently encoded DNA with mesoporous TiO2 microbeads using dopamine as linker, were prepared and characterised for application in supercapacitors. Detailed information about donor density, charge transfer resistance and chemical capacitance, which have important role in the performance of an electrochemical device, were studied by electrochemical methods. The results indicated the improvement of electrochemical performance of TiO2 nanohybrid electrode by DNA surface functionalisation. A supercapacitor was constructed from TiO2@DNA nanohybrids with PBS as electrolyte. From the supercapacitor experiment, it was found that the addition of DNA played an important role in improving the specific capacitance (Cs) of the TiO2 supercapacitor. The highest Cs value of 8 F/g was observed for TiO2@DNA nanohybrids. The nanohybrid electrodes were shown to be stable over long-term cycling, retaining 95% of their initial specific capacitance after 1500 cycles.
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| 44. |
- Islam, Md Aminul, et al.
(författare)
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An Estimation of Five-decade Long Monkeypox Case Fatality Rate : Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY. - : DR M N KHAN. - 0973-7510. ; 16, s. 3036-3047
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- On July 23, 2022 the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced the Monkeypox disease (MPXD) as a worldwide public health issue. This study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the overall case fatality rate (CFR) of MPXD worldwide during 1970-2022. The tenure-tracked MPXD outbreaks associated with CFR were calculated based on available published data from six different periods (i.e., 1970-79, 1980-89, 1990-99, 2000-09, 2010-19, and 2000-2022). A total of 229 peer-reviewed accessible articles were investigated, of which, 17 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of the studies on MPXD CFR were published in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) providing 47% of data for the current meta-analysis. The overall pooled CFR of MPXD was 4.14% (range: 0.62% - 9.51%) during 1970-2022. In this study, total of 379 death cases were found from published MPXV based research articles where the pooled estimate CFR was 1.87%. The pooled CFR was higher during the earlier outbreak of the MPXD such as 10.71% in 1970-1979. With the progress of time, the CFR from MPXD followed a decreasing trend and reached 5.38% in 1980-1999 and 4.45% in 2000-2022. Young male children aged< 10 years were found to experience the worst outcome with a CFR of >73.0%. This is the first meta-analysis using 52 years of data which indicates that the CFR of MPXV is decreasing from previous years. The findings of this meta-analysis might be paramount for the policymakers to tackle MPXD and minimize the overall CFR of MPXD through strategic actions.
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| 45. |
- Joshi, S., et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the luminous Ap star HD 103498
- 2010
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 401:2, s. 1299-1307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of the photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of the luminous Ap star HD 103498. The time-series photometric observations were carried out on 17 nights using a three-channel fast photometer attached to the 1.04-m optical telescope at the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital. The photometric data from five nights in 2007 show a clear signature of 15-min periodicity. However, the follow-up observations during 2007-2009 did not reproduce any such periodicity. To confirm the photometric light variations, time-series spectroscopic observations were carried out with the 2.56-m Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) at La Palma on 2009 February 2. No radial velocity variations were present in this data set, which is in full agreement with the photometric observations taken around the same date. Model atmosphere and abundance analysis of HD 103498 show that the star is evolved from the main sequence and its atmospheric abundances are similar to those of two other evolved Ap stars, HD 133792 and HD 204411: large overabundances of Si, Cr and Fe and moderate overabundances of the rare-earth elements. These chemical properties and a higher effective temperature distinguish HD 103498 from any known roAp star.
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| 46. |
- Kandpal, M, et al.
(författare)
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Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota from the Perspective of the Gut-Brain Axis: Role in the Provocation of Neurological Disorders
- 2022
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Ingår i: Metabolites. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1989. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. The axis keeps track of gastrointestinal activities and integrates them to connect gut health to higher cognitive parts of the brain. Disruption in this connection may facilitate various neurological and gastrointestinal problems. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive dysfunction of specific populations of neurons, determining clinical presentation. Misfolded protein aggregates that cause cellular toxicity and that aid in the collapse of cellular proteostasis are a defining characteristic of neurodegenerative proteinopathies. These disorders are not only caused by changes in the neural compartment but also due to other factors of non-neural origin. Mounting data reveal that the majority of gastrointestinal (GI) physiologies and mechanics are governed by the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the regulation and physiological function of the brain, although the mechanism involved has not yet been fully interpreted. One of the emerging explanations of the start and progression of many neurodegenerative illnesses is dysbiosis of the gut microbial makeup. The present understanding of the literature surrounding the relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and the emergence of certain neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, is the main emphasis of this review. The potential entry pathway of the pathogen-associated secretions and toxins into the CNS compartment has been explored in this article at the outset of neuropathology. We have also included the possible mechanism of undelaying the synergistic effect of infections, their metabolites, and other interactions based on the current understanding.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Magliulo, M., et al.
(författare)
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A nanotube/polymer composite biosensing thin-film transistor platform for C-reactive protein detection
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE-NANO 2015 - 15th International Conference on Nanotechnology. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467381550 ; , s. 1282-1284
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, a back-gate thin-film transistor (TFT) based on a single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)/poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bithiophene) (F8T2) composite semiconductor is proposed as electronic label-free immunosensor for the detection of the C-reactive protein (CRP). The nano-composite semiconducting ultra-thin film is deposited on the channel area of the TFT and is functionalized with a monoclonal anti-CRP antibody coating acting as biorecognition layer. The immunesensor was then used for the selective detection of the CRP both in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution and in human serum samples. The proposed immunosensor exhibits high current (10 - 20 μA) and good field-effect carriers mobility. Furthermore, the CRP could be revealed at a detection limit as low as 1 mg/L and in a wide dynamic range (from 0.4 nM to 2.2 μM).
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| 50. |
- Manikandan, Ramachandran, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of Service-Aware Resource Selection in Healthcare IoT Using Deep Autoencoder Neural Networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 2192-1962. ; 12:36, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterogeneous network and device-to-device communication are two possible solutions for improving wireless network spectral efficiency. Techniques based on the Internet of Things (IoT) can interact between a large number of smart devices as well as heterogeneous networks. The goal of this study is to investigate proposed quality of service-aware resource selection in an IoT network for healthcare data using a deep auto encoder neural network with spectrum reuse utilizing mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). The suggested MINLP spectrum reuse was used to address the optimization problem, and the spectrum allocation was done using fast Fourier transform based reinforcement Q-learning. Increased transmission repetitions have been identified as a promising strategy for improving IoT coverage by up to 164 dB in terms of maximum coupling loss for uplink transmissions, which is a significant improvement over traditional LTE technology, particularly for serving customers in deep coverage. Based on a comparison of existing methodologies, the experimental study is performed using parameters such as bit error rate of 40%, signal-to-interference plus noise ratio of 72%, sum rate of 88%, and spectral efficiency of 98% © 2022. Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences. All Rights Reserved.
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